3G INTERVIEW

QUESTIONS
Questions Generally asked in EGI Interview
ARE YOU PREPARED FOR MOCK I!ER"IE#
Telsol360 Technical Team
[Pick the date
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What is a t!"ical Node# sensiti$it! le$el%
!&e servi'e and load deter(ines t&e ode) sensitivity* in +eneral, in a no-load
'ondition, t&e sensitivity is .etween -%%/d)( to -%0/d)(1 For Eri'sson, t&e ode)
sensitivity level is 'al'ulated at around2
C3%0102 -%04 d)(
P3-%052 -%%/ d)(
P3-$542 -%%/ d)(
What is a t!"ical UE sensiti$it! le$el%
!&e servi'e and load deter(ines t&e UE sensitivity* in +eneral, in no-load 'ondition, t&e
sensitivity is .etween -%6/d)( and -%06d)(1 For Eri'sson, t&e UE sensitivity level is
'al'ulated at around2
C3%0102 -%%7 d)(
P3-842 -%%0 d)(
P3-%052 -%%6 d)(
P3-$542 -%6/ d)(
93DPA2 -7/ d)(
What is a t!"ical Node# ma&im'm o't"'t "o(e)%
!&e (a:i(u( ode) out;ut ;ower is usually 06# or 46#, t&at is, 4$d)( or 48d)(1
What is UE ma&im'm t)ansmit "o(e) in !o') link *'d+et%
0%d)(1
What is a t!"ical antenna +ain%
!&e antenna +ain de;ends on antenna (odel* in link .ud+et we use around %<d)i1
What is a t!"ical ma&im'm "ath loss%
!&e (a:i(u( ;at& loss is de;endent on t&e servi'e and vendor re'o((endations*
ty;i'ally it is in .etween %$/ to %46d) =or ur.an areas and .etween %/6 to %86d) =or
rural areas1
What is di,e)ence *et(een d#i and d#d%
d)i is t&e +ain in d) =ro( isotro;i' sour'e* d)d is t&e +ain =ro( a di;ole sour'e1

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d)d > 01%/ ? d)i1
What is the di,e)ence *et(een d# and d#m%
d)( is a unit o= ;ower level, (easured in (illi-watts in lo+arit&( s'ale, t&at is,
d)( ? %6 @ lo+A#@%666B w&ere # is t&e ;ower in #atts d) is not a unit, it is t&e
diCeren'e in d)(1
What is 0d#m%
6d)( ? % (illi-watt1
-o( does T./ (o)k%
A !MA redu'es syste( noise, i(;roves u;link sensitivity and leads to lon+er UE .attery
li=e1 3ensitivity is t&e (ini(u( in;ut ;ower needed to +et a suita.le si+nal-to-noise
ratio A3RB at t&e out;ut o= t&e re'eiver1 It is deter(ined .y re'eiver noise D+ure,
t&er(o noise ;ower and reEuired 3R1 !&er(o noise ;ower is deter(ined .y
.andwidt& and te(;erature, 3R is deter(ined .y (odulation te'&niEue, t&ere=ore t&e
only varia.le is noise D+ure1
!&e 'as'adin+ noise D+ure 'an .e 'al'ulated .y Friis eEuation A9erald FriisB2
Ft ? F% > AF0-%BFG% > AF$-%BFAG%@G0B > 111 > AFi-%BFAG%@G0@111@GiB
As t&e eEuation s&ows, t&e Drst .lo'k i(;oses t&e (ini(u( and t&e (ost ;ro(inent
noise D+ure on t&e syste(, and t&e =ollowin+ .lo'ks i(;oses less and less i(;a't to t&e
syste( ;rovided t&e +ains are ;ositive1 Ginear ;assive devi'es &ave noise D+ure eEual
to t&eir loss1 A !MA ty;i'ally &as a +ain o= %0d)1
!&ere are ty;i'ally to; Hu(;er, (ain =eeder and a .otto( Hu(;er .etween antenna and
)!31 A !MA ;la'ed near antenna wit& a s&ort Hu(;er =ro( antenna ;rovides t&e .est
noise D+ure i(;rove(ent I t&e noise D+ure will .e restri'ted to t&e to; Hu(;er loss
AF%B and !MA AAF0-%BFG%B, and t&e re(ainin+ .lo'ks A(ain =eeder and .otto( Hu(;erB
&ave little eCe't1
!o su((ariJe, a !MA &as a +ain t&atKs 'lose to =eeder loss1
What a)e the ")os and cons 0ad$anta+es and disad$anta+es1 o2 T./%
On t&e u;side, a !MA redu'es syste( noise, i(;roves u;link sensitivity and leads to
lon+er UE .attery li=e1 On t&e downside, !MA i(;oses an additional insertion loss
Aty;i'ally 61/d)B on t&e downlink and in'reases site installation and (aintenan'e
'o(;le:ity1

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What is t!"ical T./ +ain%
!MA ty;i'ally &as a %0 d) +ain* &owever, t&e eCe'tive +ain 'o(es =ro( noise D+ure
redu'tion and t&e +ain is 'lose or eEuivalent to t&e =eeder loss1
Wh! T./ a)e installed at the to" nea) the antenna and not the *ottom nea)
the Node#%
)ased on Friis EEuation, &avin+ a !MA near t&e )!3 will &ave t&e to; Hu(;er and (ain
=eeder losses Anoise D+uresB 'as'aded in and a !MA will not .e a.le to &el; su;;ress t&e
losses1
What is U.TS chi" )ate%
$154M9J1
What is ")ocessin+ +ain%
Pro'essin+ +ain is t&e ratio o= '&i; rate over data .it rate, usually re;resented in de'i.el
Ad)B s'ale1 For e:a(;le, wit& $154M9J '&i; rate and %010k data rate, t&e ;ro'essin+
+ain is2
PG%010k ? %6 @ lo+ A$,546,666 F %0,066B ? 0/d)
What a)e the ")ocessin+ +ains 2o) 3S and PS se)$ices%
C3%0102 0/d)
P3-842 %5d)
P3-%052 %/d)
P3-$542 %6d)
93DPA2 0d)
-o( to calc'late ma&im'm n'm*e) o2 'se)s on a cell%
!o 'al'ulate t&e (a:i(u( nu(.er o= users AMB on a 'ell, we need to know2
W2 '&i; rate A=or UM!3 $,546,666 '&i;s ;er se'ondB
EbNo2 E.Fo reEuire(ent Aassu(in+ $d) =or C3-%010kB
i2 ot&er-'ell to in-'ell inter=eren'e ratio Aassu(in+ 86LB

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R2 user data rate Aassu(in+ %0,066 k.;s =or C3-%010kB
M2 loadin+ =a'tor Aassu(in+ /6LB
!ake %010k.;s as e:a(;le2
M ? # F AEno @ A% > iB @ RB @ M ? $,546,666 A$ @ A% > 618B @ %0,066B @ 61/ ? $015
!&e nu(.er o= users 'ould also .e &ard-li(ited .y O"3F 'ode s;a'e1 !ake C3%010k =or
e:a(;le2
a1 A C3-%010k .earer needs % 3F%05 'ode1
.1 !otal availa.le 'odes =or C3-%010k ? %05 I 0 A% 3F84B I 0 A4 3F0/8B ? %041
'1 Consider so=t-&andover =a'tor o= %15 and loadin+ =a'tor o= /6L2 %04 F %15 @16/
? $4 uersF'ell1
What is E*4No%
)y deDnition E.Fo is ener+y .it over noise density, i1e1 is t&e ratio o= t&e ener+y ;er
in=or(ation .it to t&e ;ower s;e'tral density Ao= inter=eren'e and noiseB a=ter
dis;readin+1
E.Fo ? Pro'essin+ Gain > 3IR
For e:a(;le, i= E.Fo is /d) and ;ro'essin+ +ain is 0/d) t&en t&e 3IR s&ould .e -06d)
or .etter1
What a)e the E*4No ta)+ets in !o') desi+n%
!&e E.Fo tar+ets are de;endent on t&e servi'e2
N On t&e u;link, ty;i'ally C3 is / to 8d) and P3 is $ to 4d) I P3 is a.out 0d) lower1
N On t&e downlink, ty;i'ally C3 &as 8 to <d) and P3 is / to 8d) I P3 is a.out %d)
lower1
Wh! is E*4No )e5'i)ement lo(e) 2o) PS than 2o) 3S%
P3 &as a .etter error 'orre'tion 'a;a.ility and 'an utiliJe retrans(ission, t&ere=ore it
'an aCord to a lower E.Fo1 C3 is real-ti(e and 'annot tolerate delay so it needs a
&i+&er E.Fo to (aintain a stron+er RF link1
What is Ec4Io%
E'FIo is t&e ratio o= t&e ener+y ;er '&i; in CPIC9 to t&e total re'eived ;ower density
Ain'ludin+ CPIC9 itsel=B1

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Sometimes (e sa! Ec4Io and sometimes (e sa! Ec4No6 a)e the! di,e)ent%
Io ? own 'ell inter=eren'e > surroundin+ 'ell inter=eren'e > noise density
o ? surroundin+ 'ell inter=eren'e > noise density
!&at is, Io is t&e total re'eived ;ower density in'ludin+ CPIC9 o= its own 'ell, o is t&e
total re'eived ;ower density e:'ludin+ CPIC9 o= its own 'ell1 !e'&ni'ally E'FIo s&ould .e
t&e 'orre't (easure(ent .ut, due to eEui;(ent 'a;a.ility, E'Fo is a'tually (easured1
In UM!3, E'Fo and E'FIo are o=ten used inter'&an+ea.ly1
What is RS3P%
R3CP stands =or Re'eived 3i+nal Code Power I t&e ener+y ;er '&i; in CPIC9 avera+ed
over /%0 '&i;s1
What is SIR%
3IR is t&e 3i+nal-to-Inter=eren'e Ratio I t&e ratio o= t&e ener+y in dedi'ated ;&ysi'al
'ontrol '&annel .its to t&e ;ower density o= inter=eren'e and noise a=ter dis;readin+1
What is the loadin+ 2acto) in !o') desi+n%
!&e desi+ned loadin+ ty;i'ally is /6L* &owever, so(eti(es a 'arrier (ay want to
desi+n u; to </L load1
Gi$e a sim"le de7nition o2 "ole ca"acit!%
!&e u;link noise in'reases wit& t&e loadin+ e:;onentially1 #&en t&e u;link noise
a;;roa'&es inDnity t&en no (ore users 'an .e added to a 'ell I and t&e 'ell loadin+ is
'lose to %66L and &as rea'&ed its O;ole 'a;a'ityP1
Mat&e(ati'ally, to 'al'ulate t&e u;link ;ole 'a;a'ity we need to know2
W2 '&i; rate A=or UM!3 $,546,666 '&i;s ;er se'ondB
R2 user data rate Aassu(in+ %0,066 k.;s =or C3-%010kB
f2 ot&er-'ell to in-'ell inter=eren'e ratio Aassu(in+ 8/LB
EbNo2 E.Fo reEuire(ent Aassu(in+ /d)B
AF2 A'tivity =a'tor Aassu(in+ /6LB
Pole Ca;a'ity ? A#FRB F AA%>fB @ AF @ %6QAE.oF%6BB ? %0618
!o 'al'ulate t&e downlink ;ole 'a;a'ity we also need to know2
2 downlink '&annels ort&o+onality =a'tor Aassu(in+ //LB

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Pole Ca;a'ity ? A#FRB F AA%- >fB @ %6QAE.oF%6BB ? 84168
What is t!"ical "ole ca"acit! 2o) 3S89:;:6 PS86<6 PS89:= and PS83=<%
#it& sa(e assu(;tions as a.ove2
N C3-%010k2 %0618 AUGB, 841% ADGB1
N P3-84k2 $415 AUGB, %015ADGB1
N P3-%05k2 %810 AUGB, 514 ADGB1
N P3-$54k2 %810 AUGB, 015 ADGB1
P3-$54k &as only %05k on t&e u;link, t&ere=ore t&e u;link 'a;a'ity is t&e sa(e =or
.ot&1
-o( man! t!"es o2 hando$e)s a)e the)e in U.TS%
3o=t &andover, so=ter &andover, inter-=reEuen'y &andover, inter-RA! &andover, inter-RA!
'ell '&an+e AUE (ovin+ out o= UM!3 'overa+e into G3MFGPR3FEGDGE 'overa+eB1
What is so2t hando$e) and so2te) hando$e)%
N 3o=t &andover2 w&en a UE is 'onne'ted to 'ells owned .y diCerent ode)1
N 3o=ter &andover2 w&en a UE is 'onne'ted to 'ells owned .y t&e sa(e ode)1
-o( does so2t4so2te) hando$e) (o)k%
N 3o=tFso=ter &andover downlink2 UE rake re'eiver ;er=or(s (a:i(u( ratio
'o(.inin+, i1e1 UE 'o(.ines (ulti-;at& si+nals and =or( a stron+er si+nal1
N 3o=t &andover u;link2 RC ;er=or(s sele'tion 'o(.inin+, i1e1 RC sele'ts t&e .etter
si+nal 'o(in+ =ro( (ulti;le ode)1
N 3o=ter &andover u;link2 ode) ;er=or(s (a:i(u( ratio 'o(.inin+, i1e1 ode) rake
re'eiver 'o(.ines si+nals =ro( diCerent ;at&s and =or(s a stron+er si+nal1
Wh! is the)e >so2t hando$e) +ain?%
3o=t &andover +ain 'o(es =ro( t&e =ollowin+2
N Ma'ro diversity +ain over slow =adin+1
N Mi'ro diversity +ain over =ast =adin+1
N Downlink load s&arin+ over (ulti;le RF links1 )y (aintainin+ (ulti;le links ea'&
link 'ould trans(it at a lower ;ower, resultin+ in lower inter=eren'e t&ere=ore a
+ain1

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#)ie2 desc)i*e the ad$anta+es and disad$anta+es o2 so2t hando$e)%
Advanta+es2
N Over'o(e =adin+ t&rou+& (a'ro diversity1
N Redu'ed ode ) ;ower w&i'& in turn de'reases inter=eren'e and in'reases 'a;a'ity1
N Redu'ed UE ;ower Au; 4d)B, de'reasin+ inter=eren'e and in'reasin+ .attery li=e1
Disadvanta+es2
N UE usin+ several radio links reEuires (ore '&anneliJation 'odes, and (ore
resour'es on t&e Iu. and Iur inter=a'es1
What a)e 2ast 2adin+ and slo( 2adin+%
Fast =adin+ is also 'alled (ulti-;at& =adin+, as a result o= (ulti-;at& ;ro;a+ation1 #&en
(ulti-;at& si+nals arrivin+ at a UE, t&e 'onstru'tive and destru'tive ;&ases 'reate a
variation in si+nal stren+t&1
3low =adin+ is also 'alled s&adowin+1 #&en a UE (oves away =ro( a 'ell t&e si+nal
stren+t& dro;s down slowly1
What a)e 2ast 2adin+ ma)+in and slo( 2adin+ ma)+in%
!o =a'tor in t&e =ast =adin+ and slow =adin+, we need to &ave a (ar+in in t&e link .ud+et
and t&ey are 'alled =ast =adin+ (ar+in and slow =adin+ (ar+in1
In link .ud+et, t&e =ast =adin+ (ar+in is usually set to 0-$* slow =adin+ (ar+in is set to <-
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What is a t!"ical so2t hando$e) +ain in !o') link *'d+et%
a. CS-12.2k: 3dB (UL), 2dB (DL).
b. PS-64k: 1dB (UL), 0dB (DL).
c. PS-128k: 1dB (UL), 0dB (DL).
d. PS-384k: 1dB (UL), 0dB (DL).
What is the "e)centa+e in time a UE is e&"ected to *e in so2t o) so2te)
hando$e)%
!y;i'ally a UE s&ould .e in so=t &andover (ode at no (ore t&an $/ to 46L o= t&e ti(e*
in so=ter &andover (ode at a.out /L o= t&e ti(e1
What is a t!"ical EiRP%

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!&e EiRP de;ends ode) trans(it ;ower, 'a.le and 'onne'tor loss and antenna +ain1
#it& a sa(;le syste( o= 4$d)( trans(it ;ower, a $d) 'a.le and 'onne'tor loss and a
%<d)i antenna +ain, t&e EiRP ? 4$ I $ > %< ? /<d)(1
-o( m'ch "o(e) 's'all! a Node# is allocated to cont)ol channels%
!&e ;ower allo'ated to 'ontrol '&annels (ay de;end on eEui;(ent vendor
re'o((endation1 !y;i'ally no (ore t&an 06L o= t&e total ode) ;ower is allo'ated to
'ontrol '&annels, in'ludin+ CPIC91 9owever, i= 93DPA is de;loyed on t&e sa(e 'arrier
t&en t&e total ;ower allo'ated to 'ontrol '&annel (ay +o u; to 0/ to $6L .e'ause o=
t&e additional 93DPA 'ontrol '&annels reEuired1
What is a t!"ical 3PI3- "o(e)%
CPIC9 ;ower ty;i'ally takes a.out %6L o= t&e total ode) ;ower1 For a 06# A4$d)(B
ode), CPIC9 is around 0# A$$d)(B1
In ur.an areas w&ere in-.uildin+ 'overa+e is taken 'are o= .y in-.uildin+ installations,
t&e CPIC9 (ay so(eti(es +o as low as /L .e'ause2
N !&e 'overa+e area is s(all sin'e users are 'lose to t&e site, and
N More ;ower 'an .e allo'ated to traR' '&annels1
-o( m'ch is !o') -S@P/ 0ma&1 link "o(e)%
93DPA link ;ower is ty;i'ally 4 to /d) .elow t&e (a:i(u( ode) (a:i(u( out;ut
;ower1 For e:a(;le, =or 4$d)( (a:i(u( ode) ;ower t&e 93DPA link ;ower is
$7d)(1
3onside) do(nlink onl!6 (hat a)e the maAo) com"onents in calc'latin+
ma&im'm "ath loss6 sta)tin+ 2)om Node#%
N ode) CPIC9 trans(it ;ower1
N Su(;er and =eeder 'onne'tor loss1
N Antenna +ain1
N Over-t&e-air loss1
N )uildin+ F ve&i'le ;enetration loss1
N )ody loss1
N Et'1
What is ma&im'm "ath8loss%

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!&e (a:i(u( ;at&-loss is &ow (u'& si+nal is allowed to dro; =ro( a trans(itter to a
re'eiver and (aintains as +ood si+nal1
Sim"le link *'d+etB (ith a 30d#m 3PI3- and a 8900d#m UE sensiti$it!6
i+no)in+ an!thin+ in *et(een6 (hat is the ma&im'm "ath loss%
$6 I AI%66B ? $6 > %66 ? %$6d)1
S'""ose I ha$e a ma&im'm "ath8loss o2 930d#m6 (hat is the ne( "ath8loss i2
a Cd# *od! loss is added%
%0/d)1
What is channeliDation code%
C&anneliJation 'odes are ort&o+onal 'odes used to s;read t&e si+nal and &en'e
;rovides '&annel se;aration, t&at is, '&anneliJation 'odes are used to se;arate
'&annels =ro( a 'ell1
-o( man! channeliDation codes a)e a$aila*le%
!&e nu(.er o= '&anneliJation 'odes availa.le is de;endent on t&e len+t& o= 'ode1 In
t&e u;link t&e len+t& is deDned as .etween 4 and 0/81 In t&e downlink t&e len+t& is
deDned as .etween 4 and /%01
/)e channeliDation codes m't'all! o)tho+onal% I2 so6 (h! is >O)tho+onalit!
Eacto)? )e5'i)ed in the link *'d+et%
Yes, '&anneliJation 'odes are (utually ort&o+onal1 onet&eless, due to (ulti-;at& wit&
varia.le ti(e delay, '&annels =ro( t&e sa(e 'ell are no lon+er ;er=e'tly ort&o+onal and
(ay inter=ere wit& ea'& ot&er1
A ODownlink Ort&o+onality Fa'torP, ty;i'ally /6-86L, is t&ere=ore needed in t&e link
.ud+et to a''ount =or t&e inter=eren'e I and &en'e redu'es ;ole 'a;a'ity1
What is sc)am*lin+ code% -o( man! sc)am*lin+ codes the)e a)e%
3'ra(.lin+ 'odes are used to se;arate 'ells and UEs =ro( ea'& ot&er, t&at is, ea'& 'ell
or UE s&ould &ave a uniEue s'ra(.lin+ 'ode1 !&ere are /%0 s'ra(.lin+ 'odes on t&e
downlink and (illions on t&e u;link1
What is sc)am*lin+ >code +)o'"?%

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!&e /%0 s'ra(.lin+ 'odes are divided into 84 'ode +rou;s I ea'& 'ode +rou; &as 5
s'ra(.lin+ 'odes1
Code +rou; i Ai ? 6 to 8$B &as 'odes =ro( i@5 to Ai>%B@5-%, i1e1 A6-<B A5-%/BTA/64-/%%B1
@o !o' di$ide sc)am*lin+ code +)o'"s into s'*+)o'"s% Please +i$e an
e&am"le;
Yes, we divide t&e 84 'ode +rou;s into su.+rou;s2
N Ma'ro layer +rou;2 04 'ode +rou;s reserved =or (a'ro AoutdoorB sites1
N Mi'ro layer +rou;2 %8 'ode +rou;s reserved =or (i'ro Ain-.uildin+B sites1
N E:;ansion +rou;2 04 'ode +rou;s reserved =or =uture e:;ansion sites1
Which se)$ice 's'all! needs hi+he) "o(e)6 3S o) PS%
Consider downlink and take C3-%010 and P3-$54k =or e:a(;le1 !&e ;ro'essin+ +ain is
0/ =or C3-%010 and %6 =or P3-$541 !&e E.Fo reEuire(ent is < =or C3-%010 and / =or P3-
$541 !&ere=ore t&e ;ower reEuire(ent is &i+&er =or C3-%010 t&an P3-$541
What is E*4No )e5'i)ement 2o) -S@P/%
!&e E.Fo reEuire(ent =or 93DPA varies wit& user .it rate Adata rateB, ty;i'ally 0 =or
<85k.;s and / =or 0M.;s1
What is >noise )ise?% What does a hi+he) noise )ise mean in te)ms o2 net(o)k
loadin+%
For every new user added to t&e servi'e, additional noise is added to t&e network1 !&at
is, ea'& new user 'auses a Onoise riseP1 In t&eory, t&e Onoise riseP is deDned as t&e
ratio o= total re'eived wide.and ;ower to t&e noise ;ower1 9i+&er Onoise riseP value
i(;lies (ore users are allowed on t&e network, and ea'& user &as to trans(it &i+&er
;ower to over'o(e t&e &i+&er noise level1 !&is (eans s(aller ;at& loss 'an .e
tolerated and t&e 'ell radius is redu'ed1 !o su((ariJe, a &i+&er noise rise (eans
&i+&er 'a;a'ity and s(aller =oot;rint, a lower noise rise (eans s(aller 'a;a'ity and
.i++er =oot;rint1
What is >"ilot "oll'tion?%
3i(;ly s;eakin+, w&en t&e nu(.er o= stron+ 'ells e:'eeds t&e a'tive set siJe, t&ere is
O;ilot ;ollutionP in t&e area1 !y;i'ally t&e a'tive set siJe is $, so i= t&ere are (ore t&an $
stron+ 'ells t&en t&ere is ;ilot ;ollution1

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DeDnition o= Ostron+ 'ellP2 ;ilots wit&in t&e &andover window siJe =ro( t&e stron+est
'ell1 !y;i'al &andover window siJe is .etween 4 to 8d)1 For e:a(;le, i= t&ere are (ore
t&an 0 'ells A.esides t&e stron+est 'ellB wit&in 4d) o= t&e stron+est 'ell t&en t&ere is
;ilot ;ollution1
What is a t!"ical hando$e) (indo( siDe in !o') net(o)k%
A &andover window siJe is usually .etween 4 to 8d)1
What is >so2t hando$e)? and >so2te) hando$e)?%
O3o=t &andoverP is w&en UE &as 'onne'tion to (ulti;le 'ells on diCerent ode)1
O3o=ter &andoverP is w&en UE &as 'onne'tion to (ulti;le 'ells on sa(e ode)1
In downlink a UE 'an 'o(.ine si+nals =ro( diCerent 'ells, i(;rovin+ t&e si+nal Euality1
For u;link and so=t &andover, RC sele'ts t&e .est si+nal =ro( diCerent ode)1 For
u;link and so=ter &andover, a ode) 'o(.ines t&e si+nal =ro( diCerent se'tors1
@')in+ a hando$e)6 i2 one cell sends a "o(e) do(n )e5'est and t(o cells send
a "o(e) '" )e5'est6 shall the UE "o(e) '" o) "o(e) do(n%
Power down1 As lon+ as a +ood link 'an .e (aintained it is not ne'essary to ;ower u;
in order to (aintain (ulti;le links1 Maintainin+ unne'essary (ulti;le links in'reases
noise rise and s&all .e avoided1
S'""ose (e a)e desi+nin+ a 3S net(o)k and a PS net(o)k6 is the)e a maAo)
di,e)ence in the desi+n conside)ation%
3erver do(inan'e is t&e key diCeren'e1 In a C3 network we s&all li(it t&e nu(.er o=
stron+ servers in any +iven area to no (ore t&an t&e a'tive set siJe to avoid ;ilot
;ollution Ain t&e downlinkB1 In a P3 network, &owever, t&ere isnKt so=t &andover in t&e
downlink so t&e server do(inan'e is very i(;ortant I (eanin+ ideally t&ere s&ould .e
only one do(inant server in a +iven area1
What is the acti$e set siDe on !o') net(o)k%
$1
-o( man! 7n+e)s does a UE )ake )ecei$e) ha$e%
41
What is >com")essed mode?%
)e=ore UE 'an ;er=or( inter-=reEuen'y or IRA! &andover, it needs to &ave so(e ti(e to
lo'k on to t&e 'ontrol '&annel o= t&e ot&er =reEuen'y or syste( and listen to t&e

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.road'ast in=or(ation1 Certain idle ;eriods are 'reated in radio =ra(es =or t&is ;ur;ose
and is 'alled O'o(;ressed (odeP1
@esc)i*e the "o(e) cont)ol schemes in U.TS%
N O;en loo; I =or UE to a''ess t&e network, i1e1 used at 'all setu; or initial a''ess to set
UE trans(it ;ower1
N Closed outer loo;2 RC 'al'ulates t&e 3IR tar+et and sends t&e tar+et to ode)
Aevery %6(s =ra(eB1
N Closed inner loo;2 ode) sends t&e !PC .its to UE to in'rease or de'rease t&e ;ower
at %,/66 ti(es a se'ond1
What is the 2)e5'enc! o2 "o(e) cont)ol 0ho( 2ast is "o(e) cont)ol1%
N O;en loo;2 de;ends on ;ara(eter settin+2
!$66 I ti(e to wait .etween RRC retries A%66(s to 5666 (s, ty;i'al %/66(sB
N Closed outer loo;2 %66 ti(es a se'ond1
N Closed inner loo;2 %,/66 ti(es a se'ond1
#)ieF! desc)i*e (h! o"en loo" "o(e) cont)ol is needed and ho( it (o)ks%
N #&en a UE needs to a''ess to t&e network it uses RAC9 to .e+in t&e ;ro'ess1
N RAC9 is a s&ared '&annel on t&e u;link used .y all UE, t&ere=ore (ay en'ounter
'ontention A'ollisionB durin+ (ulti;le user a''ess atte(;ts and inter=ere wit& ea'&
ot&er1
N Ea'& UE (ust esti(ate t&e a(ount o= ;ower to use on t&e a''ess atte(;t sin'e no
=eed.a'k =ro( t&e ode) e:ists as it does on t&e dedi'ated '&annel1
N !&e ;ur;ose o= o;en loo; ;ower 'ontrol is to (ini(iJe t&e '&an'e o= 'ollision and
(ini(iJe t&e initial UE trans(it ;ower to redu'e inter=eren'e to ot&er UE1
N Initial UE trans(it ;ower ? Pri(aryUCPIC9UPower I CPIC9UR3CP > UGUInter=errn'e >
'onstantU"alueUC;ra'&
N Instead o= sendin+ t&e w&ole (essa+e, a OtestP A;rea(.leB is sent1
N #ait =or answer =ro( ode)1
N I= no answer =ro( ode) in'rease t&e ;ower1
N !ry and try until su''eed or ti(eout1
What is "o(e) cont)ol >head)oom?%

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Power 'ontrol O&eadroo(P is also 'alled O;ower riseP1 In a non-=adin+ '&annel t&e UE
needs to trans(it a 'ertain D:ed ;ower1 In a =adin+ '&ennel a UE rea'ts to ;ower
'ontrol 'o((ands and usually in'reases t&e trans(it ;ower1 !&e diCeren'e .etween
t&e avera+e ;ower levels o= =adin+ and non-=adin+ '&annels is 'alled O;ower riseP or
O&eadroo(P1
When in 38(a! so2t hando$e)6 i2 a UE )ecei$es "o(e) do(n )e5'est 2)om one
cell and "o(e) '" )e5'est 2)om the othe) : cells6 sho'ld the UE "o(e) '" o)
do(n and (h!%
Power down1 Maintainin+ one +ood link is suR'ient to sustain a 'all and &avin+
unne'essary stron+er links 'reates (ore inter=eren'e1
S'""ose t(o UE a)e se)$ed *! the same cell6 the UE (ith (eake) link 0"oo) RE
condition1 'ses mo)e >ca"acit!?6 (h! does this mean%
!&e UE wit& weaker RF link will reEuire ode) to trans(it &i+&er traR' ;ower in order
to rea'& t&e UE, resultin+ in less ;ower =or ot&er UE I t&ere=ore 'onsu(es (ore
O'a;a'ityP1
Unde) (hat ci)c'mstances can a Node# )each its ca"acit!% What a)e the
ca"acit! limitations%
ode) rea'&es its (a:i(u( trans(it ;ower, runs out o= its '&annel ele(ents, u;link
noise rise rea'&es its desi+n tar+et, et'1
What is >cell *)eathin+? and (h!%
!&e 'ell 'overa+e s&rinks as t&e loadin+ in'reases, t&is is 'alled 'ell .reat&in+1
In t&e u;link, as (ore and (ore UE are served .y a 'ell, ea'& UE needs to trans(it
&i+&er ;ower to 'o(;ensate =or t&e u;link noise rise1 As a 'onseEuen'e, t&e UE wit&
weaker link AUE at +reater distan'eB (ay not &ave enou+& ;ower to rea'& t&e ode) I
t&ere=ore a 'overa+e s&rinka+e1
In t&e downlink, t&e ode) also needs to trans(it &i+&er ;ower as (ore UE are .ein+
served1 As a 'onseEuen'e UE wit& weaker link A+reater distan'eB (ay not .e rea'&a.le
.y t&e ode)1
Is U.TS an '"link8limited o) do(nlink8limited s!stem%
A UM!3 syste( 'ould .e eit&er u;link-li(ited or downlink-li(ited de;endin+ on t&e
loadin+1 In a li+&tly loaded syste(, t&e UE trans(it ;ower sets a 'overa+e li(itation

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t&ere=ore it is u;link-li(ited1 In a &eavily loaded syste(, t&e ode) trans(it ;ower
li(its t&e nu(.er o= UEs it 'an serve t&ere=ore it is downlink-li(ited1
What is the im"act o2 hi+he) data )ate on co$e)a+e%
9i+&er data rate &as lower ;ro'essin+ +ain and t&ere=ore a ode) needs to trans(it
(ore ;ower to (eet t&e reEuired E.Fo* t&is (eans t&e 'overa+e is s(aller =or &i+&er
data rate1
What is O3NS%
OC3 stands =or Ort&o+onal C&annel oise 3i(ulator1 It is a si(ulated network load
usually .y in'reasin+ t&e noise rise D+ure in t&e ode)1
What a)e the inte)2aces *et(een each UTR/N com"onent%
Uu2 UE to ode)
Iu.2 ode) to RC
Iur2 RC to RC
Iu2 RC to M3C
#)ieF! desc)i*e the UE to UTR/N ")otocol stack 0ai) inte)2ace la!e)s1;
!&e radio inter=a'e is divided into $ layers2
%1 Ph!sical la!e) AGayer %, G%B2 used to trans(it data over t&e air, res;onsi.le
=or '&annel 'odin+, interleavin+, re;etition, (odulation, ;ower 'ontrol,
(a'ro-diversity 'o(.inin+1
01 Gink la!e) AG0B2 is s;lit into 0 su.-layers I Mediu( A''ess Control AMACB and
Radio Gink Control ARGCB1
V MAC2 res;onsi.le =or (ulti;le:in+ data =ro( (ulti;le a;;li'ations onto
;&ysi'al '&annels in ;re;aration =or over-t&e-air trans(ition1
V RGC2 se+(ents t&e data strea(s into =ra(es t&at are s(all enou+& to .e
trans(itted over t&e radio link1
$1 U""e) la!e) AG$B2 verti'ally ;artitioned into 0 ;lanes2 'ontrol ;lane =or
si+nalin+ and user ;lan =or .earer traR'1
V RR3 ARadio Resour'e ControlB is t&e 'ontrol ;lan ;roto'ol2 'ontrols t&e
radio resour'es =or t&e a''ess network1
In i(;le(entation2

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%1 UE &as all $ layers1
01 ode) &as P&ysi'al Gayer1
$1 RC &ad MAC layer and RRC layer1
#)ieF! desc)i*e U.TS ai) inte)2ace channel t!"es and thei) 2'nctions;
!&ere are $ ty;es o= '&annels a'ross air inter=a'e I ;&ysi'al '&annel, trans;ort '&annel
and lo+i'al '&annel2
N P&ysi'al C&annel2 'arries data .etween ;&ysi'al layers o= UE and ode)1
N !rans;ort C&annel2 'arries data .etween ;&ysi'al layer and MAC layer1
N Go+i'al C&annel2 'arries data .etween MAC layer and RRC layer1
Gi$e some e&am"les o2 Ph!sical6 T)ans"o)t and Go+ical channels;
1. Logical Cha!l:
V Control '&annel2 )CC9, PCC9, CCC9, DCC91
V !raR' '&annel2 D!C9, C!C91
01 !rans;ort C&annel2
V Co((on 'ontrol '&annel2 )C9, FAC9, PC9, RAC9, CPC91
V Dedi'ated '&annel2 DC9, D3C91
2. Ph"#ical Cha!l:
V Co((on 'ontrol '&annel2 P-CCPC9, 3-CCPC9, P-3C9, 3-3C9, CPIC9, AIC9,
PIC9, PD3C9, PRAC9, PCPC9, CDFCA-IC91
V Dedi'ated '&annel2 DPDC9, DPCC91
What a)e the RR3 o"e)ation modes%
Idle (ode and 'onne'ted (ode1

What a)e the RR3 states%
!&ere are 4 RRC 3tates2 CellUDC9, CellUFAC9, URAUPC9 and CellUPC91
URA ? U!RA Re+istration Area1

What a)e t)ans"a)ent mode6 ackno(led+ed mode and 'nackno(led+ed mode%

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N !rans;arent (ode 'orres;onds to t&e lowest servi'e o= t&e RGC layer, no 'ontrols
and no dete'tion o= (issin+ data1
N Una'knowled+ed (ode oCers t&e ;ossi.ility o= se+(ent and 'on'atenate o= data
.ut no error 'orre'tion or retrans(ission t&ere=ore no +uarantee o= delivery1
N A'knowled+ed (ode oCers, in addition to UM (ode =un'tions, a'knowled+e(ent
o= trans(ission, Wow 'ontrol, error 'orre'tion and retrans(ission1
Which la!e)0s1 "e)2o)m ci"he)in+ 2'nction%
RRC I =or a'knowled+ed (ode AAMB and una'knowled+ed (ode AUMB1
MAC I =or trans;arent (ode A!MB1
What is OVSE%
Ort&o+onal "aria.le 3;readin+ Fa'tor1
-o( man! OVSE code s"aces a)e a$aila*le%
N !otal O"3F 'odes ? 0/81
N Reserved2 % 3F84 =or 3-CCPC9, % 3F0/8 =or CPIC9, P-CCPC9, PIC9 and AIC9 ea'&1
N !otal availa.le 'ode s;a'e ? 0/8 I 4 A% 3F84B I 4 A4 3F0/8B ? 0451
3an code s"ace limit the cell ca"acit!%
Yes, 'ell 'a;a'ity 'an .e &ard-li(ited .y 'ode s;a'e1 !ake C3-%010k =or e:a(;le2
N A C3-%010k .earer needs % 3F%05 'ode1
N !otal availa.le 'odes =or C3-%010k ? %05 I 0 A% 3F84B I 0 A4 3F0/8B ? %041
N Consider so=t-&andover =a'tor o= %152 %04 F %15 ? 85 uersF'ell1
3an a 'se) ha$e OVSE code as >9999?%
o, .e'ause O%%%%TP A0/8 ti(esB is used .y CPIC91
What a)e the s!m*ol )ates 0*its "e) s!m*ol1 2o) #PSH6 QPSH6 =PSH and
96Q/.%
N )P3K2 %1
N QP3K2 01
N 5P3K2 $1
N %8QAM2 41

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#)ieF! desc)i*e U.TS 2)ame st)'ct')e;
N UM!3 =ra(e duration ? %6(s1
N Ea'& =ra(e is divided into %/ ti(eslots1
N Ea'& ti(eslot is divided into 0/86 '&i;s1
N !&ere=ore 0/86 '&i;sF!3 @ %/ !3F=ra(e @ A%666(sF%6(sB =ra(eFse' ? $,546,666
'&i;Fse'1
What is cell selection c)ite)ion%
Cell sele'tion is .ased on2
a1 Q(ean2 t&e avera+e 3IR o= t&e tar+et 'ell1
b. $%i: %ii%&% '!(&i'!d S)*.
'1 P'o(;ensation2 a 'orre'tion value =or diCeren'e UE 'lasses1
3 ? Q(ean - Q(in - P'o(;ensation
d1 I= 3X6 t&en t&e 'ell is a valid 'andidate1
e1 A UE will 'a(; on t&e 'ell wit& t&e &i+&est 31
#)ieF! desc)i*e 3a"acit! .ana+ement and its 2'nctionsB
Ca;a'ity Mana+e(ent is res;onsi.le =or t&e 'ontrol o= t&e load in t&e 'ell1 It 'onsists o=
$ (ain =un'tions2
Dedi'ated Monitored Resour'e 9andlin+2 tra'ks utiliJation o= 'riti'al resour'es o=
t&e syste(1
Ad(ission Control2 a''e;tsFre=uses ad(ission reEuests .ased on t&e 'urrent load
on t&e dedi'ated (onitored resour'es and t&e '&ara'teristi's o= t&e reEuest
Con+estion Control2 dete'tsFresolves overload situations

What a)e the maAo) < HPIs in ")o"a+ation model t'nin+ and t!"ical acce"ta*le
$al'es%
!&e 4 KPIs are standard deviation error, root (ean sEuare error, (ean error and
'orrelation 'oeR'ient1 !&e ty;i'al a''e;ta.le values are2
N 3tandard deviation error2 t&e s(aller t&e .etter, usually < to 7d)1
N Mean error2 t&e s(aller t&e .etter, usually 0 to$1
N Root (ean sEuare error2 t&e s(aller t&e .etter, usually

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N Correlation 'oeR'ient2 t&e lar+er t&e .etter, usually <6L to 76L1
What is the minim'm n'm*e) o2 *ins )e5'i)ed 2o) a ce)tain ")o"a+ation
model%
!&e (ore .ins t&e (ore likely to 'o(e u; wit& a +ood (odel1 Usually a (ini(u( o=
0,666 .ines is 'onsidered a''e;ta.le, .ut so(eti(es as low as /66 .ins (ay .e
a''e;ted1
-o( man! sc)am*lin+ codes a)e the)e%
!&ere are /%0 s'ra(.lin+ 'odes in t&e downlink and %8,<<<,0%8 'odes in t&e u;link1
-o( man! sc)am*lin+ code +)o'"s a)e the)e 2o) do(nlink%
!&ere are 84 'ode +rou;s, ea'& +rou; &as 5 s'ra(.lin+ 'odes1
3an (e assi+n same sc)am*lin+ codes to siste) secto)s 0secto)s on same site1%
o, .e'ause s'ra(.lin+ 'ode on t&e downlink is used =or 'ell identity1 As a reEuire(ent,
s'ra(.lin+ 'odes &ave to (aintain a sa=e se;aration to avoid inter=eren'e1
/)e sc)am*lin+ codes o)tho+onal%
o, s'ra(.lin+ 'odes are not ort&o+onal sin'e t&ey are not syn'&roniJed at ea'&
re'eiver1 !&ey are ;seudo rando( seEuen'es o= 'odes1
3an (e assi+n sc)am*lin+ codes 96 : and 3 to siste) secto)s%
Yes1
In IS8IC (e ha$e a PN )e'se 2acto) 0PN ste" siDe1 and the)e2o)e cannot 'se all
C9: PN codes6 (h! isnJt it necessa)! 2o) U.TS sc)am*lin+ codes%
)e'ause I3-7/ is a syn'&roniJed network, diCerent P 'odes &ave t&e sa(e 'ode
seEuen'e wit& a ti(e s&i=t, t&ere=ore we need to (aintain a 'ertain P ste; siJe to
avoid (ulti-;at& ;ro.le(1 For e:a(;le, i= two se'tors in t&e nei+&.or&ood &ave a s(all
P se;aration t&en si+nal arrivin+ =ro( 'ell A (ay run into t&e ti(e do(ain o= 'ell ),
'ausin+ inter=eren'e1
UM!3, on t&e ot&er &and, is not a syn'&roniJed network and all s'ra(.lin+ 'odes are
(utually ort&o+onal so no need to (aintain a ste; siJe1
What a)e co$e)a+e th)esholds in !o') U.TS desi+n and (h!%
!&e 'overa+e t&res&olds are .ased on UE sensitivity, =adin+ and ;enetration loss1
Assu(in+ UE sensitivity o= -%%6d)(, =ade (ar+in o= /d)2

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N Outdoor2 -%%6d)( sensitivity > /d) =ade (ar+in ? -%6/d)(1
N In-ve&i'le2 -%%6d)( > /d) > 5d) in-ve&i'le ;enetration loss ? -7<d)(1
N In-.uildin+2 -%%6d)( > /d) > %/d) in-.uildin+ ;enetration loss ? -76d)(1
What is the Ec4Io ta)+et in !o') desi+n%
!&e E'FIo tar+et ty;i'ally is .etween -%0 to -%4d)1 9owever, i= a network is desi+ned =or
data t&en t&e E'FIo tar+et 'ould +o &i+&er to around -%6d) .e'ause server do(inan'e is
(ore 'riti'al =or a data network I sin'e t&ere isnKt so=tware in t&e downlink1
What is >.onte 3a)lo sim'lation?%
3in'e UM!3 'overa+e is de;endent on t&e loadin+, stati' 'overa+e and Euality analysis
AR3CP and E'FIoB re;resents t&e network ;er=or(an'e in no-load 'ondition1 Monte Carlo
si(ulation is t&ere=ore used to illustrate network ;er=or(an'e under si(ulated loadin+
'onsition1
What is the ke! di,e)ence *et(een a static anal!sis and a .onte 3a)lo
sim'lation%
3tati' analysis 'an only s&ow R3CP and E'FIo in no-load 'ondition1 Monte Carlo
si(ulation not only 'an s&ow R3CP and E'FIo in si(ulated loadin+ 'ondition .ut also 'an
s&ow (any (ore ot&ers2 (ean served, 'ell loadin+, u;link and downlink 'a;a'ity li(its
rea'&ed, et'1
What sho'ld *e )'n 7)st 0(hat in2o)mation sho'ld *e )ead! and loaded1
*e2o)e )'nnin+ a .onte 3a)lo sim'lation%
)e=ore runnin+ Monte Carlo si(ulation, t&e =ollowin+ s&ould .e 'o(;leted or in ;la'e1
N Run ;redi'tion1
N 3;read t&e traR'1
N DeDne ter(inal ty;es1
-o( man! sna" shots and ite)ation do !o' 's'all! ha$e (hen )'nnin+ .onte
3a)lo sim'lation%
ADe;end on so=tware tool re'o((endationsB1
What a)e the desi+n HPIJs%
AR3CP, E'FIo, (ean served, so=t &andover ratioTB
What "lots do !o' 's'all! check a2te) )'nnin+ .onte 3a)lo 2o) t)o'*le s"ots%

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AR3CP, E'FIo, servi'e ;ro.a.ility, reasons =or =ailureTB
What a)e the t!"ical )easons o2 2ail')e in .onte 3a)lo sim'lation%
N Downlink E.Fo =ailure ACa;a'ityB1
N Downlink E.Fo =ailure ARan+eB1
N U;link E.Fo =ailure1
N Gow ;ilot 3IR1
N oise rise li(it rea'&ed1
N Et'1
What does >t)aKc s")ead? mean%
O!raR' s;readP (eans s;readin+ traR' Anu(.er o= ter(inalsB in a 'ell 'overa+e area1
@o !o' 'se li$e t)aKc o) e$en8load t)aKc in !o') desi+n%
ADe;endsB1
What a)e the o"timiDation tools !o' 'se%
Drive test, analysis, ot&ersY
/)e S!stem In2o)mation #locks 0SI#1 t)ansmitted all the time%
o, syste( in=or(ation .lo'k is (ulti;le:ed wit& syn'&roniJation '&annel1
3yn'&roniJation '&annel o''u;ies t&e Drst ti(e slot A!3B and 3I) o''u;ies t&e ot&er 7
ti(e slots1
-o( does UE cam" 0s!nch)oniDe1 to a Node#%
%1 UE uses t&e ;ri(ary syn'&roniJation '&annel AP-3C9B =or slot ali+n(ent A!3
syn'&roniJationB1
01 A=ter ali+nin+ to ode) ti(e slot, UE t&en uses se'ondary syn'&roniJation
'&annel A3-3C9B to o.tain =ra(e syn'&roniJation and s'ra(.lin+ 'ode +rou;
identiD'ation1
$1 UE t&en uses s'ra(.lin+ 'ode ID to o.tain CPIC9, t&us 'a(;in+ to a ode)1
What co'ld *e the ca'se o2 so2t hando$e) 2ail')e%
N UE issue1
N Resour'e unavaila.le at tar+et ode)1

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N InadeEuate 39O t&res&old deDned1
N Et'1
What a)e the th)ee sets in hando$e)%
!&e $ sets in &andover are2
N A'tive set I t&e list o= 'ells w&i'& are in so=t &andover wit& UE1
N Monitored set I t&e list o= 'ells not in a'tive set .ut RC &as told UE to (onitor1
N Dete'ted set I list o= 'ells dete'ted .y t&e UE .ut not 'onD+ured in t&e nei+&.or
list1
What a)e the maAo) di,e)ences *et(een GS. and U.TS hando$e) decision%
G3M2
N !i(e-.ased (o.ile (easures o= R:Gev and R:Qual I (o.ile sends (easure(ent
re;ort every 3AC9 ;eriod A456(sB1
N )3C instru'ts (o.ile to &andover .ased on t&ese re;orts1
UM!32
N Event-tri++ered re;ortin+ I UE sends a (easure(ent re;ort only on 'ertain event
Otri++ersP1
N UE ;lays (ore ;art in t&e &andover de'ision1
What a)e the e$ents 9a6 9*6 9c6 etc;%
N e%a I a Pri(ary CPIC9 enters t&e re;ortin+ ran+e, i1e1 add a 'ell to a'tive set1
N e%. I a ;ri(ary CPIC9 leaves t&e re;ortin+ ran+e, i1e1 re(oved a 'ell =ro( a'tive
set1
N e%' I a non-a'tive ;ri(ary CPIC9 .e'o(es .etter t&an an a'tive ;ri(ary CPIC9,
i1e1 re;la'e a 'ell1
N e%d2 '&an+e o= .est 'ell1
N e%e2 a Pri(ary CPIC9 .e'o(es .etter t&an an a.solute t&res&old1
N e%=2 a Pri(ary CPIC9 .e'o(es worse t&an an a.solute t&res&old1
What a)e e$ent :a8:d and 3a83d%

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Events 0a-0d are =or inter-=reEuen'y &andover (easure(ents and events $a-$d are =or
IRA! &andover (easure(ents1
N e$a2 t&e UM!3 'ell Euality &as (oved .elow a t&res&old and a G3M 'ell Euality
&ad (oved a.ove a t&res&old1
N e$.2 t&e G3M 'ell Euality &as (oved .elow a t&res&old1
N e$'2 t&e G3M 'ell Euality &as (oved a.ove a t&res&old1
N e$d2 t&ere was a '&an+e in t&e order o= .est G3M 'ell list1
What ma! ha""en (hen the)eJs a missin+ nei+h*o) o) an inco))ect nei+h*o)%
N A''ess =ailure and &andover =ailure2 (ay atte(;t to a''ess to a wron+
s'ra(.lin+ 'ode1
N Dro;;ed 'all2 UE not aware o= a stron+ s'ra(.lin+ 'ode, stron+ inter=eren'e1
N Poor data t&rou+&;ut1
N Poor voi'e Euality1
N Et'1
What can (e t)! to im")o$e (hen access 2ail')e is hi+h%
#&en a''ess =ailure is &i+& we 'an try t&e =ollowin+ to i(;rove RAC9 ;er=or(an'e2
N In'rease (a:i(u( UE trans(it ;ower allowed2 Ma:UallowedUUGU!ZUPower1
N In'rease ;ower Eui'kly2 ;owerUOCsetUP61
N In'rease nu(.er o= ;rea(.les sent in a +iven ;rea(.le 'y'le2
;rea(.leURetransUMa:1
N In'rease t&e nu(.er o= ;rea(.le 'y'les2 (a:UPrea(.leUCy'le1
N In'rease nu(.er o= RRC Conne'tion ReEuest retries2 $661
What a)e the conditions !o' t!"icall! set to t)i++e) IR/T hando$e)%
R3CP and E'FIo are used to tri++er IRA! &andover2
N R3CP [ -%66d)(1
N E'FIo [ -%8d)(1
What a)e the t!"ical HPIs !o' 'se to meas')e a net(o)k and (hat c)ite)ia%
N A''ess =ailure rate A[ 0LB1

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N Call setu; ti(e AC32 over 7/L o= t&e ti(e \ 8-se'ond =or (o.ile-to-P3!, 7-
se'ond =or (o.ile-(o.ile1 P32 over 7/L o= t&e ti(e \ /-se'ondB1
N Dro;;ed 'all rate A[ 0LB1
N )GER2 over 7/L o= t&e .lo'ks [ 0L1
N Avera+e DGFUG t&rou+&;ut =or P3D2 0%6k.;s =or loaded, 046k.;s =or unloaded1
What is the t!"ical UE t)ansmit "o(e)%
"aries - (ost o= t&e ti(e .elow 6d)(1
-a$e !o') 'sed E)icsson TE.S% I2 soB
N Do you know &ow to 'reate 'o((and seEuen'eY
N #&at are t&e 'all seEuen'es you ty;i'ally &aveY C3 lon+ 'all, C3 s&ort 'all, P3D
'all, et'1
N #&at are t&e ty;i'al 'o((ands you &ave =or C3 and P3 'allY
N Do you re+ularly sto; and restart a new lo+ DleY #&y and w&en to sto; and start
a new DleY
N 9ow do you sto; a lo+ DleY 3to; 'o((and seEuen'e Drst, wait and (ake sure all
eEui;(ent are in idle (ode .e=ore sto; lo++in+1
@id !o' (o)k on nei+h*o) ")io)itiDation%
Please e:;lain1
What is the t!"ical e$ent se5'ence o2 IR/T -ando$e) 2)om 3G to :G
N Event 0d I enterin+ into 'o(;ressed (ode I (easure(ent o= 0G 'andidates I
Event $a I "eriD'ation o= 0G resour'es I 9andover =ro( U!RA Co((and
=ro( $G RC to UE
What a)e the "ossi*le ca'ses 2o) an IR/T Eail')e%
N Missin+ 0G relations
N on availa.ility o= 0G Resour'es
N Poor 0G Covera+e
N Missin+ $G Relations
What is Pa+in+ S'ccess Ratio% What is the t!"ical PSR that !o' ha$e seen in a
U.TS net(o)k%

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N P3R I Pa+in+ Res;onses to t&e Pa+in+ Atte(;ts
N A.out 76L

What a)e the "ossi*le ca'ses 2o) a lo(e) PSR%
N on-'ontinuous RF Covera+e I UE +oin+ in and out o= 'overa+e area =reEuently
N "ery 9i+& ]Periodi' Go'ation U;date !i(erK I Kee;in+ UEs in "GR lon+ ti(e a=ter
it (oved out o= 'overa+e
N Gower Pa+in+ C&annel Power
N A''ess C&annel Para(eter Issues
N Delayed Go'ation U;date w&en 'rossin+ t&e GA F C )oundaries

What a)e the "ossi*le ca'ses 2o) a @)o" 3all on a U.TS net(o)k%

N Poor Covera+e ADG F UGB
N Pilot Pollution F Pilot 3;illover
N Missin+ ei+&.or
N 3C Collisions
N Delayed 9andovers
N o resour'e availa.ility ACon+estionB =or 9and in
N Goss o= 3yn'&roniJation
N Fast Fadin+
N Delayed IRA! !ri++ers
N 9ardware Issues
N E:ternal Inter=eren'e


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/ UE is se)$ed *! : o) 3 S3 in /S; It is identi2!in+ a S3 2)om 3)d tie)6 St)on+e)
and meets the c)ite)ia 2o) E$ent9a o) E$ent9c; #'t S-O did not ha""en
*eca'se o2 missin+ nei+h*o) )elations% -o( do !o' o"timiDe this iss'e%

N 3tudy t&e Pilot s;illover =ro( t&e $
rd
!ier 3C and 'ontrol its 'overa+e
N Even a=ter 'ontrollin+ t&e 'overa+e, i= t&e s;illover is t&ere, Add t&e nei+&.or1

/ UE is se)$ed *! : S3 in /S6 a S3 is comin+ in to .onito)ed Set and E$ent9a
is t)i++e)ed; #'t UE is not )ecei$in+ /cti$e Set U"date 2)om Node# and the
call d)o"s; What co'ld *e "ossi*le ca'ses 2o) this d)o"%

N Delayed 9andover
N Goss o= 3yn'&roniJation
N Fast Fadin+
N Pilot Pollution F 3;illover issues

What is -a)d -ando$e) in U.TS% When (ill it ha""en%

+ ,a'd ,ado-!' i U./S i# a b'!ak b!0o'! %ak! 1"2! ,ado-!'
It 'an &a;;en in t&e inter RC .oundaries w&ere t&ere is no Iur link1
What is the t!"ical 3all Set'" Time 2o) a 3G UE to 3G UE 3all% What a)e the
"ossi*le RE )elated ca'ses 2o) a dela!ed 3ST in this t!"e o2 call%
N 8 to 7 se'onds

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Multi;le RRC Atte(;ts AUE is on ;oor 'overa+e I need (ore t&an A''ess Atte(;tB
Delayed Pa+e Res;onses
9i+& Goad on Pa+in+ andFor A''ess C&annel
Pa+in+ F A''ess Para(eters

What is So2t -ando$e) O$e)head% What is the t!"ical $al'e in U.TS net(o)k%

N 3o=t 9andover Over&ead is 'al'ulated in two ways1 %B Avera+e A'tive 3et 3iJe I !otal
!raR' F Pri(ary !raR'1 0B 3e'ondary F !otal !raR'
!y;i'al "alues are like %1< AAv+ A'tive 3et 3iJeB or $/L A3e'ondary F !otal B

What (ill ha""en to the So2t -ando$e) O$e)head (hen !o' a""l! O3NS on the
net(o)k% /nd Wh!%
N #it& OC3, t&e inter=eren'e AloadB in'reases1 !&is leads to redu'tion in E'FIo o= a Pilot,
w&i'& redu'es t&e ;ilot s;illovers1 Redu'tion in Pilot 3;illover will redu'e t&e 3o=t
9andover Over&ead1

What a)e the "ossi*le ca'ses 2o) an /ccess Eail')e in U.TS%
N Missin+ ei+&.ors
Poor Covera+e
Pilot Pollution F 3;illover
Poor Cell Resele'tion
Core etwork Issues
on I availa.ility o= resour'es1 Ad(ission Control denies

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9ardware Issues
I(;ro;er RAC9 Para(eters
E:ternal Inter=eren'e

0EOR ERI3SSON ELPERIEN3E@1 What is RTWP% What is the si+ni7cance o2 it%
N Re'eived !otal #ide-.and Power
It +ives t&e !otal U;link Power AInter=eren'eB level re'eived at ode)

0EOR ERI3SSON ELPERIEN3E@1 What is the S!stem Re2e)ence Point at (hich
all the Po(e) Ge$els a)e meas')ed in E)icsson Node#%
+ S"#1!% *!0 Poi1 0o' 3444 5od!B i# a1 1h! o&12&1 o0 /.6 (B!17!! /.6 ad 61!a)

What a)e the t!"ical $al'es 2o) M)e"o)tin+)an+e9aJ and M)e"o)tin+)an+e9*J%

+ 3 dB ad 8 dB '!#2!c1i-!l".

What (ill *e the im"act (hen !o' chan+e M)e"o)tin+)an+e9aJ 2)om 3 to < d#
and Mtimetot)i++e)9aJ 900 to 3:0 ms6 (itho't chan+in+ an! othe) "a)amete)s%


+ *!d&c1io i &%b!' o0 3-!11a
Delayed Event%a tri++er
Redu'tion in Avera+e A'tive 3et 3iJe
Delay in Event%a 'ould in'rease DG inter=eren'e, w&i'& 'ould lead to a dro; 'all
or in'rease in Avera+e Power Per User Aredu'tion in 'ell 'a;a'ityB

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What is /dmission 3ont)ol%

N Ad(ission Control is an al+orit&( w&i'& 'ontrols t&e Resour'e Allo'ation =or a
new 'all and additional resour'e allo'ation =or an e:istin+ 'all1 In'ase, i= a 'ell is &eavily
a loaded and enou+& resour'es in ter(s o= ;ower, 'odes or CEs are not availa.le,
ad(ission 'ontrol denies ;er(ission =or t&e additional resour'e reEuire(ent1

What is 3on+estion 3ont)ol%
+ Cog!#1io Co1'ol %oi1o'# 1h! d"a%ic &1ili9a1io o0 #2!ci0ic c!ll '!#o&'c!# ad i#&'!# 1ha1
o-!'load codi1io# do o1 occ&'. )0 o-!'load codi1io# do occ&', Cog!#1io Co1'ol 7ill
i%%!dia1!l" '!#1'ic1 6d%i##io Co1'ol 0'o% g'a1ig addi1ioal '!#o&'c!#. ) addi1io, Cog!#1io
Co1'ol 7ill a11!%21 1o '!#ol-! 1h! cog!#1io b" !i1h!' do7 #7i1chig, o' 1!'%ia1ig !:i#1ig
&#!'#. ;c! 1h! cog!#1io i# co''!c1!d, 1h! cog!#1io '!#ol&1io ac1io# 7ill c!a#!, ad 6d%i##io
Co1'ol 7ill b! !abl!d.

What is the ma&im'm n'm*e) o2 3hanneliDation 3odes that can *e allocated
2o) -S6 as "e) 3GPP standa)d%
+ 18 cod!# o0 S< 16.
What is Code Multiplexing in HSDPA?
Sharing the HS Channelization Codes among more than one HS users within the 2ms !
period"

0EOR ERI3SSON ELPERIEN3E@1 In E)icsson S!stem6 ho( is the Po(e) allocated
2o) -S@P/N

Power unutilized by 99 PS, CS and Comman Channels, is used for HS (P
HS
= P
max
- hsPowerMargin - P
non-
HS)

What are #$ents that %an trigger the HSDPA Cell Change?
+ 3-!1 1d ,S = Chag! o0 B!#1 C!ll i 1h! 6c1i-! S!1

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Event %. or Event %' I Re(oval o= t&e )est Cell =ro( t&e A'tive 3et
-o( is t!"icall! the 3all Set'" Time o2 a 3SV call calc'lated in U.TS 'sin+ G3
messa+es%

CS is %al%ulated as the time di&&eren%e 'etween Alerting and the &irst ((C Conne%tion
(e)uest *Call !nitiation+ messages"
What is ")e8s!nch)oniDed hando$e)%
A pre,s-n%hronization method in whi%h the sour%e %ell %hooses a signature &or the user mo'ile
to use in the target %ell &or (ACH a%%ess. and instru%ts the user mo'ile to per&orm
(ACH a%%ess and return to the %urrent %ell 'e&ore a hando$er %ommand *'rea/
%ommand+ is issued" his %auses parallel exe%ution o& the 01 s-n%hronization
pro%ess with the %ontext trans&er pro%ess among the two 'ase stations
#)ie2 desc)i*e the ad$anta+es and disad$anta+es o2 so2t hando$e)%
/d$anta+es
S"eech 5'alit!B
!&e s;ee'& Euality is very +ood1 !&e &andover is sea(less and t&e =reEuen'y is not
'&an+ed1 One or even (ore 'onne'tions =ro( t&e UE to t&e U!RA are u; all t&e ti(e1
!&ere is no s&ort interru;tion o= t&e data trans=er w&en a 'onne'tion to one 'ell is
released1 !rans(ission errors 'an .e dete'ted and 'orre'ted very well .e'ause t&e
U!RA re'eives t&e radio si+nal =ro( diCerent lo'ations and 'an use Hust t&e si+nal o=
t&e 'ell t&at 'urrently &as t&e .est radio link to t&e UE1 In t&is 'ase es;e'ially in
.uildin+s, radio si+nal reWe'tions .y walls et'1 'an .etter .e Dltered .y t&e U!RA1 !&e
;ro.a.ility t&at (any radio links at t&e sa(e ti(e are distur.ed is very low1
Po(e) sa$in+B
)e'ause o= t&e ;ossi.ility to 'orre't trans(ission errors easily .y 'o(;arin+ t&e si+nals
re'eived .y t&e diCerent antennas =ro( t&e UE a &i+&er trans(ission error rate in ea'&

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link 'an .e 'o(;ensated1 9en'e t&e trans(ission ;ower level 'an .e lower t&an in
networks or situations wit& only one radio link to t&e network1 !&is saves ;ower1 UEs
'an work lon+er wit& sa(e .attery ;ower1
Go(e) t)ansmission "o(e) le$elB
)e'ause o= t&e eCe't des'ri.ed a.ove t&e trans(ission ;ower level o= t&e UE and t&e
'ells is nor(ally lower t&an it 'ould .e wit& only one radio link only1 !&is redu'es
;ossi.le adverse &ealt& eCe'ts and redu'es t&e ;ossi.ility o= distur.in+ ot&er syste(s1
No "in+8"on+ e,ectB
)e'ause an UE 'an &ave (ore t&an one 'onne'tion it is not ;ossi.le t&at a UE lo'ated in
t&e (iddle o= two 'ells o=ten does a A&ardB &andover .etween t&ese two 'ells1
E)e5'enc! "lannin+ and net(o)k e&"ansion2
)e'ause in #-CDMA all ;arti'i;ants use t&e sa(e =reEuen'y no detailed =reEuen'y
;lannin+ is needed1 ew 'ells 'an .e added easily .e'ause no new =reEuen'y ;lannin+
is
needed w&en e:;andin+ an e:istin+ network1
@isad$anta+es
3osts o2 com"'tationB
Es;e'ially in a so=ter &andover Aintra ode )Fintra R3B (any arit&(eti' e:er'ise &as
to .e done .y t&e ode ) to do t&e (a:i(u( ratio 'o(.inin+1 !&e UE also &as to do
t&is work1 Even in ot&er so=t &andover 'ases t&e 'ost o= 'o(;utation .y t&e 3RC to do
t&e sele'tion 'o(.inin+ are Euite &i+& 'o(;ared to &ard &andover1 For t&e latter
'o(.inin+ is not needed Asee /1/B1 !&is 'o(;utations 'ost ;ower and &ardware1

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3om"le& to im"lementB
!&e i(;le(entation o= t&e diCerent so=t &andover s'enarios in t&e U!RA is (ore
diR'ult t&an &ard &andover only1 !&e Dr(wareFso=tware o= t&e UE is also (u'& (ore
'o(;le: .e'ause it (ust .e a.le to &andle (any radio links wit& diCerent s'ra(.lin+
'odes and &as to do (a:i(u( ratio 'o(.inin+1 UE and U!RA &ave to adHust
;er(anently t&e trans(ission ;ower level to redu'e inter=eren'es wit& ot&er
;arti'i;ants1
For (ore detailed des'ri;tion o= t&e ;ro.le(s t&at (ay o''ur at &i+& trans(ission
;ower
levels see '&a;ter /1% OMa'ro DiversityP1
For any Query or Requirement. Kindly drop your mail at query@telsol360.com
Regards,
Technical Team
Telsol360
Visit us at www.telsol360.com

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