SECOND DIVISION

ANTONIO FRANCISCO, substituted by

his heirs: NELIA E.S. FRANCISCO,
EMILIA F. BERTIZ, REBECCA E.S.
FRANCISCO, ANTONIO E.S.
FRANCISCO, JR., SOCORRO F.
FONTANILLA, !d JOVITO E.S.
FRANCISCO,
Petitioners,


- versus -



C"EMICAL B#L$ CARRIERS,
INCOR%ORATED,
Respondent.
&.R. N'. ()*+,,

Present:

CARPIO, J., Chairperson,
BRION,
PERALTA,
*

PEREZ, and
EN!OZA,
**
JJ.



Pro"u#$ated:

%epte"&er ', ()**
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+


D E C I S I O N


CAR%IO, J.:

The Cse

This is a petition ,or revie-
*
o, the .* a/ ()*) !e0ision
(
and .* Au$ust ()*)
Reso#ution
.
o, the Court o, Appea#s in CA 1.R. C2 No. 3.45*. In its .* a/ ()*)
!e0ision, the Court o, Appea#s set aside the (* Au$ust *556 !e0ision
7
o, the Re$iona#
Tria# o, Pasi$ Cit/, Bran0h '* 8tria# 0ourt9, and ordered petitioner Antonio :ran0is0o
8:ran0is0o9 to pa/ respondent Che"i0a# Bu#; Carriers, In0orporated 8CBCI9
P*,**5,5)4 as a0tua# da"a$es. In its .* Au$ust ()*) Reso#ution, the Court o, Appea#s
denied :ran0is0o<s "otion ,or re0onsideration.

The F-ts

%in0e *534, :ran0is0o -as the o-ner and "ana$er o, a Ca#te+ station in Teresa, Ri=a#.
%o"eti"e in ar0h *55., ,our persons, in0#udin$ 1re$orio Ba0sa 8Ba0sa9, 0a"e to
:ran0is0o<s Ca#te+ station and introdu0ed the"se#ves as e"p#o/ees o, CBCI. Ba0sa
o,,ered to se## to :ran0is0o a 0ertain >uantit/ o, CBCI<s diese# ,ue#.

A,ter 0he0;in$ Ba0sa<s identi,i0ation 0ard, :ran0is0o a$reed to pur0hase CBCI<s
diese# ,ue#. :ran0is0o i"posed the ,o##o-in$ 0onditions ,or the pur0hase: 8*9 that
Petron Corporation 8Petron9 shou#d de#iver the diese# ,ue# to :ran0is0o at his &usiness
address -hi0h shou#d &e proper#/ indi0ated in Petron<s invoi0e? 8(9 that the de#iver/
tan; is sea#ed? and 8.9 that Ba0sa shou#d issue a separate re0eipt to :ran0is0o.

The de#iveries started on 4 Apri# *55. and #asted ,or ten "onths, or up to (4 @anuar/
*557.
4
There -ere *' de#iveries to :ran0is0o and a## his 0onditions -ere 0o"p#ied
-ith.

In :e&ruar/ *553, CBCI sent a de"and #etter to :ran0is0o re$ardin$ the diese# ,ue#
de#ivered to hi" &ut -hi0h had &een paid ,or &/ CBCI.
3
CBCI de"anded that
:ran0is0o pa/ CBCI P*,)4.,4(' ,or the diese# ,ue# or CBCI -ou#d ,i#e a 0o"p#aint
a$ainst hi" in 0ourt. :ran0is0o reAe0ted CBCI<s de"and.

On *3 Apri# *553, CBCI ,i#ed a 0o"p#aint ,or su" o, "one/ and da"a$es a$ainst
:ran0is0o and other unna"ed de,endants.
'
A00ordin$ to CBCI, Petron, on various
dates, so#d diese# ,ue# to CBCI &ut these -ere de#ivered to and re0eived &/ :ran0is0o.
:ran0is0o then so#d the diese# ,ue# to third persons ,ro" -ho" he re0eived pa/"ent.
CBCI a##e$ed that :ran0is0o a0>uired possession o, the diese# ,ue# -ithout authorit/
,ro" CBCI and deprived CBCI o, the use o, the diese# ,ue# it had paid ,or. CBCI
de"anded pa/"ent ,ro" :ran0is0o &ut he re,used to pa/. CBCI ar$ued that :ran0is0o
shou#d have ;no-n that sin0e on#/ Petron, %he## and Ca#te+ are authori=ed to se## and
distri&ute petro#eu" produ0ts in the Phi#ippines, the diese# ,ue# 0a"e ,ro"
i##e$iti"ate, i, not i##e$a# or 0ri"ina#, a0ts. CBCI asserted that :ran0is0o vio#ated
Arti0#es *5,
6
(),
5
(*,
*)
and ((
**
o, the Civi# Code and that he shou#d &e he#d #ia&#e. In
the a#ternative, CBCI 0#ai"ed that :ran0is0o, in re0eivin$ CBCI<s diese# ,ue#, entered
into an inno"inate 0ontra0t o, do ut des 8I $ive and /ou $ive9 -ith CBCI ,or -hi0h
:ran0is0o is o&#i$ated to pa/ CBCI P*,**5,5)4, the va#ue o, the diese# ,ue#. CBCI a#so
pra/ed ,or e+e"p#ar/ da"a$es, attorne/<s ,ees and other e+penses o, #iti$ation.

On () a/ *553, :ran0is0o ,i#ed a otion to !is"iss on the $round o, ,oru"
shoppin$.
*(
CBCI ,i#ed its Opposition.
*.
In an Order dated *4 Nove"&er *553, the
tria# 0ourt denied :ran0is0o<s "otion.
*7
Therea,ter, :ran0is0o ,i#ed his Ans-er.
*4
:ran0is0o e+p#ained that he operates the
Ca#te+ station -ith the he#p o, his ,a"i#/ &e0ause, in :e&ruar/ *5'6, he 0o"p#ete#/
#ost his e/esi$ht due to si0;ness. :ran0is0o 0#ai"ed that he as;ed @ovito, his son, to
#oo; into and veri,/ the identit/ o, Ba0sa, -ho introdu0ed hi"se#, as a radio operator
and 0on,identia# se0retar/ o, a 0ertain r. Ina-at 8Ina-at9, CBCI<s "ana$er ,or
operations. :ran0is0o said he -as satis,ied -ith the proo, presented &/ Ba0sa. Bhen
as;ed to e+p#ain -h/ CBCI -as se##in$ its ,ue#, Ba0sa a##e$ed#/ rep#ied that CBCI
-as in i""ediate need o, 0ash ,or the sa#ar/ o, its dai#/ paid -or;ers and ,or pett/
0ash. :ran0is0o "aintained that Ba0sa assured hi" that the diese# ,ue# -as not sto#en
propert/ and that CBCI enAo/ed a &i$ 0redit #ine -ith Petron. :ran0is0o a$reed to
pur0hase the diese# ,ue# o,,ered &/ Ba0sa on the ,o##o-in$ 0onditions:

*9 !e,endant C:ran0is0oD -i## not a00ept an/ de#iver/ i, it is not 0o"pan/ 8Petron9
de#ivered, -ith his na"e and address as shippin$ point proper#/ printed and indi0ated in
the invoi0e o, Petron, and that the produ0t on the de#iver/ tan; is sea#ed? CandD

(9 A#thou$h the ori$ina# invoi0e is su,,i0ient eviden0e o, de#iver/ and pa/"ent, under
ordinar/ 0ourse o, &usiness, de,endant sti## re>uired r. Ba0sa to issue a separate re0eipt
du#/ si$ned &/ hi" a0;no-#ed$in$ re0eipt o, the a"ount stated in the invoi0e, ,or and in
&eha#, o, CBCI.
*3


!urin$ the ,irst de#iver/ on 4 Apri# *55., :ran0is0o as;ed one o, his sons to veri,/
-hether the de#iver/ tru0;<s tan; -as proper#/ sea#ed and -hether Petron issued the
invoi0e. :ran0is0o said a## his 0onditions -ere 0o"p#ied -ith. There -ere *'
de#iveries "ade ,ro" 4 Apri# *55. to (4 @anuar/ *557 and ea0h de#iver/ -as ,or
*),))) #iters o, diese# ,ue# at P34,634.
*'
:ran0is0o "aintained that he a0>uired the
diese# ,ue# in $ood ,aith and ,or va#ue. :ran0is0o a#so ,i#ed a 0ounter0#ai" ,or
e+e"p#ar/ da"a$es, "ora# da"a$es and attorne/<s ,ees.

In its (* Au$ust *556 !e0ision, the tria# 0ourt ru#ed in :ran0is0o<s ,avor and
dis"issed CBCI<s 0o"p#aint. The dispositive portion o, the tria# 0ourt<s (* Au$ust
*556 !e0ision reads:

BEERE:ORE, @ud$"ent is here&/ rendered:

*. !is"issin$ the 0o"p#aint dated ar0h *., *553 -ith 0osts.
(. Orderin$ p#ainti,, 8CBCI9, on the 0ounter0#ai", to pa/ de,endant the
a"ount o, P*)),))).)) as "ora# da"a$es and P4),))).)) as and &/ -a/
o, attorne/<s ,ees.
%O OR!ERE!.
*6


CBCI appea#ed to the Court o, Appea#s.
*5
CBCI ar$ued that :ran0is0o a0>uired the
diese# ,ue# ,ro" Petron -ithout #e$a# $round &e0ause Ba0sa -as not authori=ed to
de#iver and se## CBCI<s diese# ,ue#. CBCI added that :ran0is0o a0ted in &ad ,aith
&e0ause he shou#d have in>uired ,urther -hether Ba0sa<s sa#e o, CBCI<s diese# ,ue#
-as #e$iti"ate.

In its .* a/ ()*) !e0ision, the Court o, Appea#s set aside the tria# 0ourt<s (* Au$ust
*556 !e0ision and ru#ed in CBCI<s ,avor. The dispositive portion o, the Court o,
Appea#s< .* a/ ()*) !e0ision reads:
IN 2IEB O: TEE :ORE1OIN1, the assai#ed de0ision is here&/ RE2ER%E! and %ET
A%I!E. Antonio :ran0is0o is ordered to pa/ Che"i0a# Bu#; Carriers, In0orporated the
a"ount o, P*,**5,5)4.)) as a0tua# da"a$es.

%O OR!ERE!.
()

On *4 @anuar/ ())*, :ran0is0o died.
(*
:ran0is0o<s heirs, na"e#/: Ne#ia E.%.
:ran0is0o, E"i#ia :. Berti=, Re&e00a E.%. :ran0is0o, Antonio E.%. :ran0is0o, @r.,
%o0orro :. :ontani##a, and @ovito E.%. :ran0is0o 8heirs o, :ran0is0o9 ,i#ed a "otion ,or
su&stitution.
((
The heirs o, :ran0is0o a#so ,i#ed a "otion ,or re0onsideration.
(.
In its .*
Au$ust ()*) Reso#ution, the Court o, Appea#s $ranted the "otion ,or su&stitution &ut
denied the "otion ,or re0onsideration.

Een0e, this petition.

The Ru.i!/ '0 the Tri. C'urt

The tria# 0ourt ru#ed that :ran0is0o -as not #ia&#e ,or da"a$es in ,avor o, CBCI
&e0ause the *' de#iveries -ere 0overed &/ ori$ina# and $enuine invoi0es. The tria#
0ourt de0#ared that Ba0sa, as 0on,identia# se0retar/ o, Ina-at, -as CBCI<s authori=ed
representative -ho re0eived :ran0is0o<s ,u## pa/"ent ,or the diese# ,ue#. The tria#
0ourt stated that i, Ba0sa -as not authori=ed, CBCI shou#d have sued Ba0sa and not
:ran0is0o. The tria# 0ourt a#so 0onsidered :ran0is0o a &u/er in $ood ,aith -ho paid in
,u## ,or the "er0handise -ithout noti0e that so"e other person had a ri$ht to or
interest in su0h diese# ,ue#. The tria# 0ourt pointed out that $ood ,aith a,,ords
prote0tion to a pur0haser ,or va#ue. :ina##/, sin0e CBCI -as &ound &/ the a0ts o,
Ba0sa, the tria# 0ourt ru#ed that CBCI is #ia&#e to pa/ da"a$es to :ran0is0o.

The Ru.i!/ '0 the C'urt '0 A11e.s

The Court o, Appea#s set aside the tria# 0ourt<s (* Au$ust *556 !e0ision and ru#ed
that Ba0sa<s a0t o, se##in$ the diese# ,ue# to :ran0is0o -as his persona# a0t and, even i,
Ba0sa 0onnived -ith Ina-at, the sa#e does not &ind CBCI.

The Court o, Appea#s de0#ared that sin0e :ran0is0o had &een in the &usiness o, se##in$
petro#eu" produ0ts ,or a 0onsidera&#e nu"&er o, /ears, his &#indness -as not a
hindran0e ,or hi" to transa0t &usiness -ith other peop#e. Bith his 0ondition and
e+perien0e, :ran0is0o shou#d have veri,ied -hether CBCI -as indeed se##in$ diese#
,ue# and i, it had $iven Ba0sa authorit/ to do so. oreover, the Court o, Appea#s
stated that :ran0is0o 0annot ,ei$n $ood ,aith sin0e he had dou&ts as to the authorit/ o,
Ba0sa /et he did not see; 0on,ir"ation ,ro" CBCI and 0ontented hi"se#, -ith an
i"provised re0eipt. :ran0is0o<s ,ai#ure to veri,/ Ba0sa<s authorit/ sho-ed that he had
an u#terior "otive. The re0eipts issued &/ Ba0sa a#so sho-ed his #a0; o, authorit/
&e0ause it -as on a p#ain sheet o, &ond paper -ith no #etterhead or an/ indi0ation that
it 0a"e ,ro" CBCI. The Court o, Appea#s ru#ed that :ran0is0o 0annot invo;e estoppe#
&e0ause he -as at ,au#t ,or 0hoosin$ to i$nore the te##-ta#e si$ns o, petro#eu"
diversion and ,or not e+er0isin$ pruden0e.

The Court o, Appea#s a#so ru#ed that CBCI -as un#a-,u##/ deprived o, the diese# ,ue#
-hi0h, as indi0ated in the invoi0es, CBCI had a#read/ paid ,or. There,ore, CBCI had
the ri$ht to re0over the diese# ,ue# or its va#ue ,ro" :ran0is0o. %in0e the diese# ,ue#
0an no #on$er &e returned, the Court o, Appea#s ordered :ran0is0o to $ive &a0; the
a0tua# a"ount paid &/ CBCI ,or the diese# ,ue#.
The Issues

The heirs o, :ran0is0o raise the ,o##o-in$ issues:

I. BEETEER TEE COFRT O: APPEAL% ERRE! IN NOT :IN!IN1
TEAT !E:EN!ANT ANTONIO :RANCI%CO EGERCI%E! TEE
REHFIRE! !ILI1ENCE O: A BLIN! PER%ON IN TEE CON!FCT
O: EI% BF%INE%%? and






II. BEETEER ON TEE BA%I% O: TEE :ACTFAL :IN!IN1% O:
TEE COFRT O: APPEAL% AN! TEE TRIAL COFRT AN!
A!ITTE! :ACT%, IT CAN BE CONCLF!E! TEAT TEE
PLAINTI:: APPRO2E! EGPRE%%LI OR TACITLI TEE
TRAN%ACTION%.
(7


The Ru.i!/ '0 the C'urt

The petition has no "erit.

Re2uired Di.i/e!-e '0 B.i!d %ers'!

The heirs o, :ran0is0o ar$ue that the Court o, Appea#s erred -hen it ru#ed that
:ran0is0o -as #ia&#e to CBCI &e0ause he ,ai#ed to e+er0ise the di#i$en0e o, a $ood
,ather o, a ,a"i#/ -hen he &ou$ht the diese# ,ue#. The/ ar$ue that sin0e :ran0is0o -as
&#ind, the standard o, 0ondu0t that -as re>uired o, hi" -as that o, a reasona&#e
person under #i;e disa&i#it/. oreover, the/ insist that :ran0is0o e+er0ised due 0are in
pur0hasin$ the diese# ,ue# &/ doin$ the ,o##o-in$: 8*9 :ran0is0o as;ed his son to 0he0;
the identit/ o, Ba0sa? 8(9 :ran0is0o re>uired dire0t de#iver/ ,ro" Petron? 8.9 :ran0is0o
re>uired that he &e na"ed as the 0onsi$nee in the invoi0e? and 879 :ran0is0o re>uired
separate re0eipts ,ro" Ba0sa to eviden0e a0tua# pa/"ent.

%tandard o, 0ondu0t is the #eve# o, e+pe0ted 0ondu0t that is re>uired &/ the nature o,
the o&#i$ation and 0orrespondin$ to the 0ir0u"stan0es o, the person, ti"e and p#a0e.
(4

The "ost 0o""on standard o, 0ondu0t is that o, a $ood ,ather o, a ,a"i#/ or that o, a
reasona&#/ prudent person.
(3
To deter"ine the di#i$en0e -hi0h "ust &e re>uired o, a##
persons, -e use as &asis the a&stra0t avera$e standard 0orrespondin$ to a nor"a#
order#/ person.
('


Eo-ever, one -ho is ph/si0a##/ disa&#ed is re>uired to use the sa"e de$ree o, 0are
that a reasona&#/ 0are,u# person -ho has the sa"e ph/si0a# disa&i#it/ -ou#d use.
(6

Ph/si0a# handi0aps and in,ir"ities, su0h as &#indness or dea,ness, are treated as part o,
the 0ir0u"stan0es under -hi0h a reasona&#e person "ust a0t. Thus, the standard o,
0ondu0t ,or a &#ind person &e0o"es that o, a reasona&#e person -ho is &#ind.

Be note that :ran0is0o, despite &ein$ &#ind, had &een "ana$in$ and operatin$ the
Ca#te+ station ,or *4 /ears and this -as not a hindran0e ,or hi" to transa0t &usiness
unti# this ti"e. In this instan0e, ho-ever, -e ru#e that :ran0is0o ,ai#ed to e+er0ise the
standard o, 0ondu0t e+pe0ted o, a reasona&#e person -ho is &#ind. :irst, :ran0is0o
"ere#/ re#ied on the identi,i0ation 0ard o, Ba0sa to deter"ine i, he -as authori=ed &/
CBCI. :ran0is0o did not do an/ other &a0;$round 0he0; on the identit/ and authorit/
o, Ba0sa. %e0ond, :ran0is0o a#read/ e+pressed his "is$ivin$s a&out the diese# ,ue#,
,earin$ that the/ "i$ht &e sto#en propert/,
(5
/et he did not veri,/ -ith CBCI the
authorit/ o, Ba0sa to se## the diese# ,ue#. Third, :ran0is0o re#ied on the re0eipts issued
&/ Ba0sa -hi0h -ere t/pe-ritten on a ha#, sheet o, p#ain &ond paper.
.)
I, :ran0is0o
e+er0ised reasona&#e di#i$en0e, he shou#d have as;ed ,or an o,,i0ia# re0eipt issued &/
CBCI. :ourth, the de#iver/ to :ran0is0o, as indi0ated in Petron<s invoi0e, does not
sho- that CBCI authori=ed Ba0sa to se## the diese# ,ue# to :ran0is0o. C#ear#/,
:ran0is0o ,ai#ed to e+er0ise the standard o, 0ondu0t e+pe0ted o, a reasona&#e person
-ho is &#ind.


E31ress 'r T-it A11r'4. '0 the Tr!s-ti'!

The heirs o, :ran0is0o ar$ue that CBCI approved e+press#/ or ta0it#/ the transa0tions.
A00ordin$ to the", there -as apparent authorit/ ,or Ba0sa to enter into the
transa0tions. The/ ar$ue that even i, the a$ent has e+0eeded his authorit/, the
prin0ipa# is so#idari#/ #ia&#e -ith the a$ent i, the ,or"er a##o-ed the #ater to a0t as
thou$h he had ,u## po-ers.
.*
The/ insist CBCI -as not un#a-,u##/ deprived o, its
propert/ &e0ause Ina-at $ave Ba0sa the authorit/ to se## the diese# ,ue# and that CBCI
is &ound &/ su0h a0tion. Last#/, the/ ar$ue that CBCI shou#d &e 0onsidered in
estoppe# ,or ,ai#ure to a0t durin$ the ten "onth period that de#iveries -ere &ein$ "ade
to :ran0is0o.

The $enera# prin0ip#e is that a se##er -ithout tit#e 0annot trans,er a &etter tit#e than he
has.
.(
On#/ the o-ner o, the $oods or one authori=ed &/ the o-ner to se## 0an trans,er
tit#e to the &u/er.
..
There,ore, a person 0an se## on#/ -hat he o-ns or is authori=ed to
se## and the &u/er 0an, as a 0onse>uen0e, a0>uire no "ore than -hat the se##er 0an
#e$a##/ trans,er.
.7


oreover, the o-ner o, the $oods -ho has &een un#a-,u##/ deprived o, it "a/
re0over it even ,ro" a pur0haser in $ood ,aith.
.4
Thus, the pur0haser o, propert/ -hi0h
has &een sto#en ,ro" the o-ner has &een he#d to a0>uire no tit#e to it even thou$h he
pur0hased ,or va#ue and in $ood ,aith.

The e+0eption ,ro" the $enera# prin0ip#e is the do0trine o, estoppe# -here the o-ner
o, the $oods is pre0#uded ,ro" den/in$ the se##er<s authorit/ to se##.
.3
But in order that
there "a/ &e estoppe#, the o-ner "ust, &/ -ord or 0ondu0t, have 0aused or a##o-ed it
to appear that tit#e or authorit/ to se## is -ith the se##er and the &u/er "ust have &een
"is#ed to his da"a$e.
.'


In this 0ase, it is 0#ear that Ba0sa -as not the o-ner o, the diese# ,ue#. :ran0is0o -as
a-are o, this &ut he 0#ai"ed that Ba0sa -as authori=ed &/ CBCI to se## the diese# ,ue#.
Eo-ever, :ran0is0o<s 0#ai" that Ba0sa -as authori=ed is not supported &/ an/
eviden0e e+0ept his se#,-servin$ testi"on/. :irst, :ran0is0o did not even 0on,ir" -ith
CBCI i, it -as indeed se##in$ its diese# ,ue# sin0e it is not one o, the oi# 0o"panies
;no-n in the "ar;et to &e se##in$ petro#eu" produ0ts. This ,a0t a#one shou#d have put
:ran0is0o on $uard. %e0ond, it does not appear that CBCI, &/ so"e dire0t and
e>uivo0a# a0t, has 0#othed Ba0sa -ith the indi0ia o, o-nership or apparent authorit/ to
se## CBCI<s diese# ,ue#. :ran0is0o did not state i, the identi,i0ation 0ard presented &/
Ba0sa indi0ated that he -as CBCI<s a$ent or a "ere e"p#o/ee. Third, the re0eipt
issued &/ Ba0sa -as t/pe-ritten on a ha#, sheet o, p#ain &ond paper. There -as no
#etterhead or an/ indi0ation that it 0a"e ,ro" CBCI. Be a$ree -ith the Court o,
Appea#s that this -as a persona# re0eipt issued &/ Ba0sa and not an o,,i0ia# re0eipt
issued &/ CBCI. Conse>uent#/, CBCI is not pre0#uded &/ its 0ondu0t ,ro" den/in$
Ba0sa<s authorit/ to se##. CBCI did not ho#d out Ba0sa or a##o- Ba0sa to appear as the
o-ner or one -ith apparent authorit/ to dispose o, the diese# ,ue#.

C#ear#/, Ba0sa 0annot trans,er tit#e to :ran0is0o as Ba0sa -as not the o-ner o, the
diese# ,ue# nor -as he authori=ed &/ CBCI to se## its diese# ,ue#. CBCI did not 0o""it
an/ a0t to 0#othe Ba0sa -ith apparent authorit/ to se## the diese# ,ue# that -ou#d have
"is#ed :ran0is0o. :ran0is0o, there,ore, did not a0>uire an/ tit#e over the diese# ,ue#.
%in0e CBCI -as un#a-,u##/ deprived o, its propert/, it "a/ re0over ,ro" :ran0is0o,
even i, :ran0is0o p#eads $ood ,aith.
5"EREFORE, -e DEN6 the petition. Be AFFIRM the .* a/ ()*) !e0ision
and .* Au$ust ()*) Reso#ution o, the Court o, Appea#s.

SO ORDERED.



ANTONIO T. CAR%IO
Asso0iate @usti0e


5E CONC#R:




ART#RO D. BRION
Asso0iate @usti0e




DIOSDADO M. %ERALTA JOSE %ORT#&AL %EREZ
Asso0iate @usti0e Asso0iate @usti0e






JOSE C. MENDOZA
Asso0iate @usti0e



ATTESTATION
I attest that the 0on0#usions in the a&ove !e0ision had &een rea0hed in 0onsu#tation
&e,ore the 0ase -as assi$ned to the -riter o, the opinion o, the Court<s !ivision.



ANTONIO T. CAR%IO
Asso0iate @usti0e
Chairperson

CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to %e0tion *., Arti0#e 2III o, the Constitution, and the !ivision
Chairperson<s Attestation, I 0erti,/ that the 0on0#usions in the a&ove !e0ision had
&een rea0hed in 0onsu#tation &e,ore the 0ase -as assi$ned to the -riter o, the opinion
o, the Court<s !ivision.



RENATO C. CORONA
Chie, @usti0e









* !esi$nated A0tin$ e"&er per %pe0ia# Order No. *)'7 dated 3 %epte"&er ()**.
** !esi$nated A0tin$ e"&er per %pe0ia# Order No. *)33 dated (. Au$ust ()**.
* Fnder Ru#e 74 o, the Ru#es o, Court.
( Rollo, pp. '-('. Penned &/ Presidin$ @ud$e Andres B. Re/es, @r., -ith Asso0iate @usti0es Isaias P. !i0idi0an and
%tephen C. Cru=, 0on0urrin$.
. Id. at (6-.).
7 Id. at *4)-*4'. Penned &/ @ud$e Ce#so !. LaviJa.
4 Anne+es K*L to K*',L Re0ords, pp. **-('.
3 Id. at *53.
' Rollo, pp. ''-64.
6 ART. *5. Ever/ person "ust, in the e+er0ise o, his ri$hts and in the per,or"an0e o, his duties, a0t -ith Austi0e, $ive
ever/one his due, and o&serve honest/ and $ood ,aith.
5 ART. (). Ever/ person -ho, 0ontrar/ to #a-, -i##,u##/ or ne$#i$ent#/ 0auses da"a$e to another, sha## inde"ni,/ the
#atter ,or the sa"e.
*) ART. (*. An/ person -ho -i##,u##/ 0auses #oss or inAur/ to another in a "anner that is 0ontrar/ to "ora#s, $ood
0usto"s or pu&#i0 po#i0/ sha## 0o"pensate the #atter ,or the da"a$e.
**ART. ((. Ever/ person -ho throu$h an a0t o, per,or"an0e &/ another, or an/ other "eans, a0>uires or
0o"es into possession o, so"ethin$ at the e+pense o, the #atter -ithout Aust or #e$a# $round, sha## return the
sa"e to hi".
*( Rollo, pp. 63-5..
*. Id. at 57-56.
*7 Id. at 55.
*4 Re0ords, pp. 5'-**..
*3 Id. at 55-*)).
*' The ,irst de#iver/ on 4 Apri# *55. -as ,or *),))) #iters at P33,)34? Anne+ K*,L id. at **.
*6 Rollo, p. *4'.
*5 CA rollo, pp. *(-7..
() Rollo, p. ('.
(* CA rollo, p. *4).
(( Id. at *()-*(7.
(. Id. at *(3-*.3.
(7 Rollo, p. .5.
(4 Civi# Code, Art. **'..
(3 Civi# Code, Art. **'..
(' Arturo . To#entino, Civi# Code o, the Phi#ippines, 2o#. 7 *(4 8*55*9.
(6 Ti"oteo B. A>uino, Torts and !a"a$es 5( 8())*9.
(5 Re0ords, pp. 56-55.
.) E+hi&its K'L to K'-N,L id. at 3*-''.
.* Civi# Code, Art. *5**.
.( Civi# Code, Art. *4)4.
.. Id.
.7 Nool v. Court of Appeals, .7( Phi#. *)3 8*55'9? Segura v. Segura, (7'-A Phi#. 775 8*5669.
.4 Civi# Code, Art. 445.
.3 Civi# Code, Art. *4)4.
.' Id.