Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 1

BO CO QU TRNH HC VIC TI T C KH
B PHN K THUT C KH V191
1. Cc loi my mc chnh phc v cho t c kh:
Do c th ca cng vic ti t c kh l hn, ct l chnh nn cc my ch yu bao
gm nhng my sau:
- My ct st
- My ct tay
- My nhn
- My nhn V
- My hn h quang xoay chiu
- My hn h quang mt chiu
- My hn TIG
- Cm hn gi
- My khoan tay
- My mi
2. Gii thiu v cng ngh hn:
2.1. Khi nim:
Hn l qu trnh cng ngh sn xut cc kt cu khng th tho ri c t kim
loi, hp kim v cc vt liu khc...
Bng s hn nng chy c th lin kt c hu ht cc kim loi v hp kim vi chiu
dy bt k. C th hn cc kim loi v hp kim khng ng nht.
2.2.Nguyn l ca hn:
Khi hn nng chy kim loi mi hn hn t ti trng thi lng. S nng chy
cc b ca kim loi c bn c thc hin ti cc mp ca phn t ghp. C th hn
bng cch lm chy kim loi c bn hoc lm chy kim loi c bn v vt liu b
sung. kim loi c bn, hoc kim loi c bn v kim loi b sung nng chy t rt vo
b hn v tm t b mt rn ca cc phn t ghp. Khi tt ngun t nng kim loi
lng ngui v ng c-kt tinh, sau khi b hn kt tinh to thnh mi hn nguyn
khi vi cu trc lin kt hai chi tit lm mt.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 2

2.3.u nhc im ca hn:
u im:
- Hn l qu trnh cng ngh c ng dng rng ri ch to v phc hi cc kt
cu v chi tit. Tnh u vit bao gm:Tiu tn t kim loi , gim chi ph lao ng , thit
b n gin , rt ngn thi gian sn xut
Nhc im:
- Trong qu trnh hn xy ra s bay hi v oxi ho mt s nguyn t, s hp th v
ho tan cht kh ca b kim loi cng nh nhng thay i ca vng nh hng nhit.
Kt qu thnh phn v cu trc ca mi hn khc vi kim loi c bn. Cc bin dng
ca kt cu gy bi ng sut d c th lm sai lch kch thc v hnh dng ca n v
nh hng ti bn ca mi ghp.
2.4.H quang:
- L s phng in trong cc kh p sut cao. N c trng bi mt dng ln
trong khng kh dn in v in p thp gia cc in in cc
3.Cc phng php hn s dng chnh trong t c kh:
3.1. Hn H Quang Tay/ Hn Que:
a/nh ngha Hn H Quang Tay :
Hn h quang tay ( hay cn gi l hn que ) l qu trnh hn in nng chy s
dng in cc di dng que hn (thng c v bc) v khng s dng kh bo v
,trong tt c cc thao tc (gy h quang ,dch
chuyn que hn ,thay que hn ,vv..) u do ngi th
hn thc hin bng tay.
Cc tn gi:
SMAW (Shielded metal arc welding)
MMA (Mannual metal arc)
Flux shielded arc welding
Stick welding
b/c im Hn H Quang Tay:
- Hn c mi t th trong khng gian.
- Dng c c dng mt chiu(DC) v xoay chiu(AC).
- Nng sut thp do cng hn b hn ch.
- Hnh dng ,kch thc v thnh phn ha hc mi hn khng ng u do tc
hn b dao ng ,lm cho phn kim loi c bn tham gia vo mi hn thay i.
- Chiu rng vng nh hng nhit tng i ln do tc hn nh.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 3

- Bn te kim loi ln v phi nh x.
- iu kin lm vic ca th hn mang tnh c hi(do tip xc bc x,hi,kh
c).
- D to khuyt tt nn cht lng mi hn khng cao.
c/Phm vi ng dng Hn H Quang Tay:
Do tnh linh hot ,s n gin ca thit b v quy trnh hot ng ca hn h quang
tay,nn n l phng php hn ph bin nht trn th gii.
Thch hp cho hn cc chiu dy nh v trung bnh mi t th trong khng gian.
Chim u th so vi phng php hn khc trong cng nghip sa cha v phc hi.
S dng rng ri trong xy dng kt cu thp v ch to cng nghip.
Thng hn thp cc bon ,thp hp kim cao v thp,thp khng g,gang xm v
gang do.t ph bin cho hn kim loi mu :Niken,ng ,nhm v hp kim ca chng.
3.2. Hn TI G
a/nh ngha hn TIG:
Hn TIG (Tungsten inert gas) hay hn h quang in cc khng nng chy trong
mi trng kh tr ( Gas tungsten arc welding -GTAW) l qu trnh hn nng chy,
trong ngun nhit in cung cp bi h quang c to thnh gia in cc khng
nng chy v vng hn (Hnh v). Vng h quang c bo v bng mi trng kh
tr (Ar, He hoc Ar + He) ngn cn nhng tc ng c hi ca oxi v nit trong
khng kh. in cc khng nng chy thng dng l volfram, nn phng php hn
ny ting Anh gi l hn TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas).



H quang trong hn TIG c nhit rt cao c th t ti hn 6100 C. Kim loi
mi hn c th to thnh ch t kim loi c bn khi hn nhng chi tit mng vi lin
kt gp mp, hoc c b sung t que hn ph. Ton b vng hn c bao bc bi
kh tr thi ra t chp kh.
b/c im phng php hn TIG:
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 4

Mt s u im ng ch :
- To mi hn c cht lng cao i vi hu ht kim loi v hp kim.
- Mi hn khng phi lm sch sau khi hn
- H quang v vng hn c th quan st c trong khi hn.
- Khng c kim loi bn te.
- C th hn mi v tr trong khng gian.
- Nhit tp trung cho php tng tc hn, gim bin dng ca lin kt hn.
c/Phm vi ng dng ca phng php hn TIG:
Phng php hn TIG c p dng trong nhiu lnh vc sn xut nhng ch yu
s dng trong hn inox, nhm.
3.3. Hn gi
a/ nh ngha Hn gi :
Hn gi (cn gi l Hn kh): Hn gi (Oxy) (Acetylen hay gas)(gas
welding).Phng php ny s dng cc kh trn gia nhit cho chi tit hn t ti
trng thi nng chy v lin kt vi nhau. Khi hn c th dng vt liu in thm
(filler rod) vo v tr hn hoc khng.
b/c im :
- C th hn c nhiu loi kim loi v hp kim (gang ,ng,nhm thp..)
- Hn c cc chi tit mng v cc loi vt liu c nhit nng chy thp.
-Hn kh c s dng rng ri v thit b hn r tin
- Nng sut thp, vt hn b nung nng nhiu nn d cong vnh.
c/Phm vi ng dng:
- Hn kh dng nhiu khi hn cc vt hn c chiu dy b, ch to v sa cha cc
chi tit mng, sa cha cc chi tit c bng gang, ng thanh, nhm, magi.
- Hn ni cc ng c ng knh nh v trung bnh.
- Hn cc chi tit bng kim loi mu, hn vy kim loi, hn p hp kim cng
v.v
- Ngn la khi hn cng c th dng ct cc loi thp mng, cc kim loi mu
v nhiu vt liu khc.
4. Cc k thut c bn trong hn:
4.1. Mt s k thut chung trong hn h quang tay:
4.1.1. K thut c bn khi hn h quang:
Hn que l k thut hn i hi lm sch khu vc hn t nht, tuy nhin khng v
th m b qua bc ny. Cn loi b bi bn bng c hay s dng thit b lm sch b
mt chuyn dng, cng phi lm sch khu vc kp mt m bo n nh h quang.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 5

T th hn phi m bo trng r vng hn. Ngi th phi chn hng nhn tt
nht, trnh b tay hn che mt, cng nh khi thuc hn.
5 k thut khi hn h quang tay: Thit lp dng in, di h quang, gc que hn,
thao tc que hn v tc hn. p ng cc quy tc ny khi hn cng nhn hn cn
luyn tp thng xuyn c kh nng thnh tho t c th ci thin cht lng
sn phm cng nh nng sut.
a/Thit lp dng in
in cc bn la chn s quyt nh thit b ca bn cn phi thit lp dng mt
chiu thun hay nghch hay dng xoay chiu. Cn phi m bo bn thit lp thit b
ph hp trc khi hn.
Dng hn ng ph thuc vo ng knh que hn v loi in cc hn m bn s
dng. thng nh sn xut s cung cp cho bn dng in ph hp vi que hn h
cung cp. Bn c th la chn que hn theo cch tnh sau vi mi 1 Amp tng ng
vi 0.0254 mm ng knh que hn. Bn cng c th iu chnh dng hn 5 n 10
Amp ri xem xt kh nng hn cho ph hp.
b/ di h quang
di h quang ph thuc vo tng loi que hn, tng v tr hn, v c bn di
h quang hn khng nn vt qu ng knh que hn. Khi di h quang qu ngn
c th gy h quang khng n nh, c th lm tt h quang vng hn ng cng
nhanh hn v to vy hn cao. H quang qu di s gy ra hin tng bn te, tc
kt ta chm v r kh.
i vi nhng ngi mi vo ngh hn h thng h quang qu di, v h
mun quan st h quang cng nh vng hn, tuy nhin bn nn thay i v tr hn
c th nhn c h quang v theo di vng hn tt hn v khng nn ko di h
quang, vi mt cht luyn tp bn s c th m bo c c mi hn thp t bn te.
c/ Gc que hn
i vi hn bn mt, gc que hn nn t 5 n 15 theo hng chuyn ng,
i vi hn h quang v tr ng nn gc que hn t 0-15 ngc chiu vi hng
di chuyn que hn.
d/ Thao tc que hn
Chuyn ng dc theo trc mi hn nhm duy tr v iu chnh di h quang.
Chuyn ng ngang nhm duy tr rng ca ng hn. C nhiu loi chuyn ng:
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 6

ngang, lin tc v chuyn ng ngt qung ty thuc vo dy ca vt hn .Vi vt
hn mng khng cn c chuyn ng ngang que hn v rng ca h quang
y rnh hn. Vi hn ng bn nn ch hn t di ln vi cc tm dy v hn t
trn xung vi cc tm mng v ch n ra rnh hn.
e/ Tc hn:
Tc hn nn m bo sao cho h quang hn chim 1/3 di ca vng hn. Hn
qu chm s to vy hn li v hn khng ngu. H quang b mt nhit khng th nng
chy vt hn.
Tc hn qu nhanh gim ngu ca mi hn, vy hn khng u khng lp
y vng hn.
4.1.2. Phng php gy h quang
Gy h quang bng cch cho que hn chm vi vt hn ( c ni vi kp mt)
trong mt khong thi gian ngn.Thng thng c 2 phng php gy h quang l
phng php "qut" v phng php "m". Mi h quang nn ch thao tc bng c tay.
Mi h quang bng phng php m
Khi m khng c cho que hn tip xc qu lu vi vt hn, iu ny s gy ra s
dnh in cc. Khi c h quang cn nhanh chng a in cc c chiu di h
quang hp l. Chiu di h quang thng thng sp x vi ng knh in cc.
Mi h quang bng phng php qut
Phng php ny kh d thao tc, nhng ngi mi lm quen vi hn h quang tay
nn s dng phng php ny. Mi qut cng p dng cho cc loi que hn kh
mi h quang, cc my hn xoay chiu hoc nhng my c in p h mch nh.
Qut nh in cc vo vt hn, lp thuc mt u in cc s b bong to iu
kin cho in cc tip xc vi vt hn. Khi h quang xut hin cn nhanh chng
nhc in cc ln trnh b dnh que, sau a in cc h quang c chiu
di hp l. C th gy h quang v tr khc sau a que v v tr cn hn.
Khi qut nn nh nhng hn ch vic dnh in cc.
Dnh in cc khi hn
Khi b dnh que khng nn ch ko ra m hy vn ngang, dc hoc xon que hn,
nh vy s d dng hn.
B dnh que trong 1 thi gian ngn khng c g nguy him do cc thit b thng
c thit k chu c iu ny.
Khi ngt h quang m cha ht que, ln hn tip theo cn g nh que hn lp
thuc mt u que bong ra, to iu kin cho vic gy h quang.
4.1.3. An ton trong hn h quang tay
Do c nhiu u im nh d hn, thao tc c mi v tr, thit b r tin, hn h
quang tay l phng php c s dng rng ri hin nay. Khi hn h quang tay, c
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 7

rt nhiu cc yu t gy hi cho ngi th nh khi hn, bc x v nhit ca ngn
la h quang, git in, bng do kim loi nng chy bn te... V vy trc khi bt tay
vo hn, ngi th hn cn lu cc vn nh:

- Bo v mt v da trnh tip xc trc tip vi nh sng h quang,
- Ch lm vic phi thng thong, tt nht l c h thng ht khi trong xng hn,
- Gi khong cch vi mi hn nng chy, trnh kim loi nng chy bn te vo
ngi khi hn bng cch dng bo h ph hp,
- Cn lu khi g x hn v lc ny x hn vn cn nng v c th gy hi cho
nhng vng da nhy cm.
Trnh bc x ca ngn la h quang
Ngn la h quang khi hn h quang tay c bc x rt mnh, ch cn tip xc trong
thi gian ngn l c th lm tn thng cho da (qung , bong trc...) hoc c th
lm bng gic mc mt, gy cm gic kh chu, nh hng ln ti sc khe v hiu
qu lm vic ca ngi th hn.
S dng mt n hn l mt gii php hiu qu, thng c 2 loi mt n hn, mt n
c ti c nh v mt n cm quang. Mt n c ti c nh c gi thnh r
nhng c nhiu bt tin khi s dng, mt n cm quang gi cao hn nhng rt tin
li khi hn.

Mt n hn c ti c nh

Mt n hn cm quang
nh hng ca khi hn
Khng kh c gi l "trong lnh" nu nh 1 m3 khng kh sch cha t hn 5mg
khi hn, thc t trong cc xng hn th lng khi hn ln hn rt nhiu.
Vi ty tng loi thuc bc hm lng khi sinh ra s khc nhau, nhng d l t
hay nhiu nu ht vo thng xuyn s gy tc hi ln cho sc khe ngi th hn.
Li khuyn tt nht l hn ch tip xc cng nhiu cng tt, ni lm vic phi
thng thong, v ngi th nn bo v tt vng mt cng u ca mnh.
Khi hn cc loi thp khng g, hp kim p cng b mt, mt s que hn thnh
phn thuc bc c cha flo, que hn gang... nn s dng loi m hn c cp kh
th. Th hn v ngi qun l sn xut lun lun cn tham kho cc khuyn co
ca nh sn xut vt liu hn c nhng bin php bo v hp l nht cho ngi
th hn.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 8

Cn thn trc s bn te ca kim loi nng chy v x hn
Khi hn h quang c rt nhiu tia la bn te ra xung quanh, nht l i vi ngi
mi hc hn. Khng nn qu gn mi hn nng chy. Cc tia la gy chy qun,
o v rt phin toi nu nh b lt vo c hoc giy. Ngi th nn mc bo h
chuyn dng nh qun o, tp d bng da, u nn chm khn kt hp vi eo mt
n hn.
Xung quanh v tr hn cn sch s v khng gm cc tc nhn d bt la. Cn b tr
1 bnh cu ha gn khu vc hn, phng khi chy n.
phng in git
Trc khi hn, ngi th cn kim tra cc chi tit nh:
- Dy cp c b sn, h khng?
- Cc tip im phi tip xc kn v chc chn,
- Km hn phi kh ro v cch nhit, cch in tt,
- eo gng tay khi hn,
Tuy trong trng hp ny in git t c kh nng nguy him ti tnh mng nhng
n s rt nguy him nu nh ngi th thao tc trn cao hoc di nc...
4.2. Mt s k thut chung trong qu trnh hn TIG:
4.2.1. Cc k thut khi hn TIG
- Khong cch gia in cc v vt hn c c lng bng cch chm vo vt
hn ri ko m hn ln 1 khong sau mi bt cng tc hn ( y dng my hn c
b pht cao tn mi h quang)
- Sau khi mi h quang, m hn c gi c nh trong vi giy to vng hn
nng chy, kch thc vng hn s quyt nh b rng ca mi hn sau ny. Vng hn
nng chy ln dn n b rng v ngu ln, ngc li vng chy nh th b rng v
ngu nh hn.
- Bn c th nhn thy u ca kim hn c phn chiu trong vng hn. Chiu di
h quang c th phn on qua khong cch gia u kim hn v hnh chiu ca n
trn vng hn. Khi thnh tho, ngi th c th xc nh c chiu di h quang
qua chiu rng v chiu cao ca n.
- Khi thm que b khng c cho u que vo tm vng hn nh vy s lm cho
que b b chy v vn cc trn mi hn, ch chm u que vo mp ca vng hn (kim
loi nng chy trong vng hn s lm nng chy u que). Que ph s lm ngui phn
no vng hn.
- Que b phi lun gn m hn (trong vng bo v ca kh tr) trnh b ngui
v b oxy ha.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 9

- Khi kt thc ng hn, m hn cn li li mt cht sau mi tt cng tc hn
(hoc nh cng tc). Gi m hn ti v tr cho n khi ra ht kh. Kh ny c chc
nng bo v kim hn v vng hn nng chy.
- Chiu di h quang: Chiu di h quang iu khin lng nhit i vo trong mi
hn. Hn TIG c dng hn khng i, nhng khi chiu di h quang thay i th lng
nhit vo mi hn cng thay i. (chiu di h quang tng th lng nhit vo mi hn
tng)
Ngi mi hn s c xu hng h quang qu di, h quang hp l l trong
khong t 1 n 1,5 ln ng knh ca kim hn. H quang qu di s lm cho h
quang kh kim sot, v n cng s lm cho kim hn nng qu mc khi kim hn tip
xc vi vng hn s pht sinh ra nhiu li.
-Tc v kch thc ca mi hn: Hn TIG c c im l kch thc v tc
hn chm hn kh nhiu so vi hn MIG v hn h quang, mi hn phng p, li
nh, thch hp cho vic hn cc vt liu mng.
Tc hn nhanh hay chm c th bit c qua kch thc vng nh hng nhit,
hn chm vng nh hng s ln v ngc li.
- Thm que b: Trong hn TIG vic thm que b c thc hin bng tay, khi thao
tc bn ch cn tay v tr t nhin v thoi mi nht, lu khng tay qu gn
h quang. Que b khi mua thng kh di,c th ct ngn i cm d dng hn.
4.2.2. Vn hnh s dng thit b hn TI G
a. u ni ngun in
- u ngun in cho my, trc khi u phi m bo l my tt
- Bt cng tc v quan st n tn hiu xem in vo my cha
- Ni b iu khin t xa
- Ni cp hn, lu l tt c cc mi ni in u phi sch v kn, cp dn phi
c b tr v tr an ton trnh tia la h quang, khng vng ng ca th hn
trnh b gim ln
b. Ni thit b cung cp kh
- Lp ng dn kh vo u dn kh ra trn ng h o lu lng kh, lp van gim
p vo chai kh, trc khi lp m bo l cc van ng
- Lp ng dn vi my, kim tra li tt c h thng cung cp kh
- iu chnh thng s lu lng kh
- n nt TEST kim tra
c. M my
- ng cu dao in
- Kim tra n bo ngun
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 10

- Bt cng tc ON
- M van chai kh
Trc khi m phi ni lng vt iu chnh p sut kh v phi ng van chnh lu
lng kh. iu chnh p sut kh t 1 3 (kg/cm
2
)
- iu chnh lu lng kh 5 8 (l/pht) bng cch m van chnh lu lng kh
vin bi trng vi vch chia
- n cng tc trn m hn kim tra lu thng kh
- iu chnh thng s hn
Cch iu chnh trn my hn TIG rt khc nhau i vi tng model my. V
nguyn tc, bt k my hn TIG cng phi c ba thng s sau y cn phi c
iu chnh: dng in h quang, lu lng kh bo v v lu lng kh lm mt.
Cc thng s ny phi c kh nng iu chnh c lp trn bng iu khin ca my
hoc trn b iu khin t xa.
- iu chnh I
h

- iu chnh dng DC, AC hay xung
- iu chnh thi gian phun kh bo v trc v sau khi hn
- iu chnh kiu bm cng tc hay gi cng tc
d. Tt my
c th tt thit b mt cch an ton, phi thc hin y cc bc sau:
- ng van chai kh
- Bm cng tc m hn x ht lng kh cn d trong my hn ra ngoi
- ng van chnh lu lng kh
- Tt cng tc trn my v ngt cu dao in
e. iu chnh ch hn
- iu chnh dng in
- iu chnh loi dng AC, DC hay xung
- iu chnh thi gian phun kh
- iu chnh kiu bm cng tc hay gi cng tc
4.2.3. Mi sa in cc
Ty thuc vo ng dng, vt liu, b dy, loi mi hn m ta c cc dng mi khc
nhau. Khi hn vi dng AC ta chn in cc ln hn v mi v trn thay v mi nhn
nh khi hn vi dng DCEN.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 11


4.2.4. An ton lao ng v v sinh phn xng khi s dng thit b hn TI G
- Khng dng my nn kh thi vo b phn in t ca my
- Ch kim tra, sa cha khi chc chn rng ngun in c rt ra khi my
- iu chnh dng in v cc tnh ch tin hnh khi khng hn
- S dng ng in p u vo ca my
4.3. K thut chung trong hn ct gi :
4.3.1. K thut hn ng
Khi hn ng cn c cc dng c sau:
- M hn gi hoc gi - Gas
- Que b ng
Cch hn ng:
- Lm sch b mt cn hn v bavia.
- Dng m hn h cho nng mi hn, chm t hn the ln b mt cn hn lm
sch.
Thng khi hn ng bng bnh oxi th la s bt rt u v nhit n nh.
Cho m hn vo n khi no nhn thy cc mi ni chuyn qua mu theo mu
c chua th cho que b vo lp kn cc khe hn! khng nn nung qu lu v nu
lu kim loi chy que b s b vn cc.
Khi kt thc qu trnh hn hi th cn vn gim van oxy n khi ngn la chy
sng sau tt van nhin liu i (la tt pht ra ting bp), sau l tt cc van
oxy. i vi cc bc hn nh ngi ta thng ng van nhin liu li sau mi
ng van oxy, khng gim lng oxy cho mt thi gian. Mc ch l khng p
sut oxy nh hn p sut ca nhin liu.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 12

4.3.2. Ct gi :
Thc cht ca qu trnh ct kim loi bng kh l t chy kim loi ct bng dng
xy, to thnh cc xt (FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4), lm nng chy cc xyt v thi
chng ra khi mp ct to thnh rnh ct.
Khi bt u ct, kim loi mp ct c nung nng n nhit chy nh nhit
ca ngn la nung, sau cho dng xy thi qua, kim loi b xy ha mnh lit (b t
chy) to thnh xt. Sn phm chy b nung chy v b dng xy thi khi mp ct.
Tip theo, do phn ng chy ca kim loi to nhit mnh, lp kim loi tip theo b
nung nng nhanh v tip tc b t chy to thnh rnh ct.
4.3.3. An ton trong hn ct gi :
Trc khi hn phi quan st vng lm vic, xem c thit b no trong vng
lm vic hoc c cc bnh nhin liu no c th gy chy n trong khu vc s tin hnh
hn ct hay khng. ng thi vng lm vic phi khng c gi, n nh la hn.
Khi chm la m hn phi dng dim qut la chuyn dng, cm chm bng cch
d m hn vo mt chi tit kim loi no ang nng .
Khi tin hnh hn, ct khng c qung ng cao su dn kh vo c, vo vai, kp
vo chn, cun trn hoc b gp ng, xon ng, khng c ng dnh du m,
khng c ng chm ng dy in hay gn cc ngun nhit.
Khi m hn, m ct ang chy, khng c mang chng ra khi khu vc lm vic
dnh ring cho th hn-ct khi tin hnh hn, ct trn cao, cm mang m hn ang
chy leo ln thang.
Cc bnh cha oxi v gas phi c vn chuyn bng xe y hoc ln, trnh tnh
trng ko r.
Khi ngh gii lao d ch trong chc lt phi tt la m hn, m ct v ng nm
cung cp kh m hn, m ct phng hin tng chy n xy ra khi ngi th
b i ni khc.
5. Nhn xt v khu vc lm vic t c kh:
Cc thit b hn v vng lm vic ca 2 my hn h quang v my hn TIG
tng i gn v c u ni hp l.
Tuy nhin khi hn hoc ct gi , khu vc lm vic hi nh. Khi s dng ti chi
tit, hn gi th c th c, nhng s dng ct gi s nh hng ti cc khu
vc lm vic khc. Do khu vc hn nm gn ca nn c gi la, khi hn hu nh phi
ng ca khi nh hng ti ngn la ct.
Cc my b tr chung cho cc t nh my chn, my nhn V, my mi chung
gia cc khu vc lm vic ca cc t nn rt hp l.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 13

6. Cc qu trnh lm thc t ti xng:
6.1. Quy trnh S dng my chn tn:
Ch s dng chn cho cc loi vt liu c dy t 4mm tr xung. Thng thng,
my s dng ct cc loi vt liu nh tn, inox, nhm l chnh. Cc loi vt liu
khc ty loi mi c th s dng, nh meca qu mng khi dao ct c th b b.
Trc khi m my cn s dng bt vch du vch du ln vt liu chn trc.
- Nhn nt khi ng my mu xanh. Kim tra cn chn thao tc c a v v tr
chn cha, nu cha cn a v v tr chn cn p, ngn khi thao tc a vt liu
vo c th vng vo cn p gy nguy him.
- a vt liu cn ct vo trong my. Cn du vch nm thng theo v tr mp ngoi
my, pha di dao chn. Nu tm vt liu qu ngn, phn gi vt liu pha trong
khng gi tm vt liu, cn k thm ming tn khong 3mm nm ln tm vt
liu cn ct v di nm di phn gi phi. Sau khi cn chnh xong, gt cn
chn thao tc qua v tr mt bn, v dng chn p cn p chn dao nh, dao i
xung ht 2 pha, thao tc dt khot, khng ngt qung. Sau khi ct t vt liu, gt
cn chn v v tr chn thao tc.
- Bm nt sau khi ct xong dng my. Sau ly phi v thu dn cc phn vt
liu tha.
6.2. Quy trnh s dng my nhn V:
Trc khi m my, cn chun b sn vt liu ct theo ng kch thc. Sau vch
du sn trn vt liu cn c ni nhn ng theo mnh.
M t in, bt CB ln, sau bm nt mu xanh khi ng my.
Nhn bn cn p phi nng dao nhn ln v tr ph hp d thao tc a phi
vo.
a vt liu vch du vo pha dao nhn, sau a chn vo cn p tri, nhp
nh v th ra lin, iu chnh dao nhn i xung t t. C nhp nh vy cho ti khi
dao nhn gn st tm vt liu th dng, lc ny iu chnh cn sao cho tm vt liu
nm gia khong h ca phn dao xung nhn, v dao nhn nm thng trn ng
vch du. Sau khi chnh xong, th tay ra khi phi trnh tai nn, v nhn gi cn
p tri cho dao nhn thnh hnh V, gi cn p khong 5 giy cho dao i xung ht.
Sau khi nhn xong, a dao ln bng cn p phi, ly tm vt liu nhn ra.
Nhn nt tt my mu . Nu sau khng cn s dng th gt CB v v tr tt.
6.3. Cc bc lm bn (C th sn phm lm l bn cho bn gia cng)
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 14

Cc bc chun b: St vung 40x40mm, g p tm dy 20mm, da bc mt bn, tn
3mm, vt, khoan, sng bn ghim, m kp gi da, my ct st, my mi tay,my hn h
quang AC.
Kch thc bn theo phiu yu cu ch to nh sau:

Mt bn c yu cu l g bc da
Cch lm bn nh sau:
u tin chn loi st vung lm bn. Thng thng khi lm bn thng s dng
st vung 3 hoc vung 4. y bn kh di do chn st vung 4.
Dng my ct ln ct cc on st c kch thc nh sau:

Sau khi ct xong, mi cc u thanh st cho ht ba via. Sau tin hnh hn cc khung
st. Lc ny, khi ng my hn h quang AC bng nt gt CB ln v tr ON. Do s
dng que hn 3.5 nn quay tay quay trn my chnh v v tr 100V (i vi que hn 2.6
chnh tay quay v vch 70)
Sau ta tin hnh hn 2 khung c kch thc nh sau:
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 15


t cc thanh st v tr nh hnh hn cho ng kch thc cc khung.

u tin ta ch chm cc im pha trong ca khung c nh cc khung vi nhau.
Sau dng thc o kch thc 2 ng cho c bng nhau khng. Nu cha bng
nhau, dng ba g nh hng kch thc ln hn cho ti khi 2 ng cho bng nhau
l c.

Tip theo tin hnh hn cng cc thanh st li vi nhau. Sau dng my mi tay mi
sch cc x hn trn khung. Tip tc lm tng t vi khung cn li.
Sau khi hn xong 2 khung, ta tin hnh hn cc thanh ngang gia 2 khung to thnh
bn hon chnh. Ta cng lm tng t. Hn im c nh tm thi 2 thanh trn, sau
chnh kch thc mt trn bng cch o 2 ng cho, cn chnh cho cc ng
cho bng nhau bn c vung. Sau khi cn chnh xong, tin hnh hn cng li.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 16


Tip theo hn nt thanh ngang cui cng vo bn. Sau khi hn xong, hn 4 ming bch
c l sn bt vt vo mt bn nh hnh v, sao cho bng mt trn ca khung bn.

Sau mi sch cc x hn trn khung bn.Tin hnh em i qut sn bc.
Trong lc ch sn kh, ta tin hnh i ct g lm mt bn. G ct kch thc d
mi cnh bn mt bn l 10 cm. Do ct kch thc g l1400x600.
Sau khi sn kh, t g ln mt bn v cn chnh cho ng kch thc mi bn. Sau
dng khoan tay bn vt pha di mt bn vi 4 ming bch hn. Sau tin hnh
bc da cho mt bn.
Dng ko ct d kch thc da mi bn khong 50-70mm. Sau dng sng bn ghim
bn c nh 1 im gia ca mt bn bt k. Sau dng cy kp da ko cng pha
bn i din v tin hnh c nh li 1 im gia. Tip theo ta chuyn qua 2 mt bn
cn li, dng ghim c nh im gia 1 trong 2 mt, v ko cng mt cn li bn
ghim, lm cc im trn 2 mt tng t, cho ti ht 2 mt bn . Sau khi c nh
xong 2 mt bn va ri, ta g ghim 2 mt u tin c nh im gia, v lm li,
c nh nh 2 mt va lm. Trong lc lm ta ng thi cn chnh sao cho da lun
lun cng, ko c np nhn mt bn. Hon thnh vic lm bn.


Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 17

6.4. Quy trnh lm t ngh cho V130
Kch thc ca t theo yu cu ch to nh sau:








La chn loi st: Chn st lm t l st vung 2, st lm ngn ko l vung 1.4
Kch thc cc cy st c ct nh sau:

Sau khi chun b xong st, tin hnh hn cc khung li tng t nh khi lm bn. Hn
2 khung st c kch thc nh hnh sau:

Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 18

Khi hn, u tin hn cc thanh st bao ngoi khung trc, ch hn c nh tm thi
khung, sau o kch thc 2 ng cho ca khung, nu cha bng nhau, dng ba
g gc khung pha kch thc di ca ng cho, sao cho 2 kch thc bng nhau
th lc ny hn cng khung li. Sau hn 2 thanh st gia vo khung. Lm tng
t vi khung st cn li. Sau dng my mi tay, mi sch x hn v ba via.
Tip theo hn cc thanh ngang li vi 2 khung. Ta lm tng mt mt, hn chm c
nh s ti pha trong giao im ca cc thanh st c th x dch c khung. Mi
mt ta li o ng cho ca cc khung, cn chnh v sau mi hn cng pha mt
khung , tuyt i khng hn phn nh hng ti phn cn chnh cc mt khc. Sau
khi lm xong vi 4 mt, lc ny ta mi hn li cho kn cc ng hn.
Sau khi xong, cng mi sch x hn v ba via dnh trn khung.
Tip theo dng my chn st ct 4 ming st c kch thc 50x360 c di khong
2mm. Sau vch du, dng my nhn V nhn st to thnh hnh V c kch thc nh
sau:

Sau hn 2 ming st V ln khung st nh hnh sau, khi hn cn hn sao cho mt ca
thp V v khung st bng nhau khi ko ngn ko d trt, khng b vng. Tip tc
vi 2 thanh thp V cn li.
Sau hn 4 ming st dy 3mm c kch thc 50x397 v hn ln khung nh hnh v
lm thnh chn dng c o pha trn.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 19


Tip theo ti phn lm ngn ko, ta hn 2 khung ngn ko c kch thc nh sau.

Cng lm tng t phn khung t, hn 2 khung 2 bn v hn cc thanh gia v tin
hnh chnh cho vung gc vi nhau. Kch thc khung nh sau:

Sau hn 2 ming bch mc kha ngn ko v ngn t.
Cui cng hn 4 bnh xe ln khung ca t.
Sau khi hn xong cc khung, ta mi sch x hn, ba via ca c khung t v khung ngn
ko, sau tin hnh sn. Khi sn phn thp V khng c sn khi ko ngn t d
dng hn.
Tip theo bc inox cho khung ca ngn ko trc. Vi mi ngn ko ta ct 2 tm inox
ph hp vi kch thc trc sau ca ngn ko. Sau khoan v bn ri v i vi mt
trc sau ca ngn ko. V ct 1 tm inox c kch thc bng 2 mt bn v pha trong
mt y ca ngn ko, sau vch du theo ng kch thc cc mt, tin hnh cho
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 20

vo my nhn to hnh ch U cho Inox. Sau m my hn tch hn mt y v 2 mt
cn li vo ngn ko.
Do inox mng 0,8mm nn ch hn tch dng lc ny u cc nt vn v tr
ngang bng nh nhau. M kh v test kh mc 5 l c.

Tip tc ct 3 tm inox 440x400 v bn ri v vo khung t(2 pha 2 bn v mt sau t).
Cui cng, ta b ngn ko pha di vo trc, v khoan bn ri v 2 ming bch ch V
2 bn kha ngn ko ngn ngi s dng ko ra ngoi. Tip tc b ngn ko trn v
lm tng t. Sau cng ta ct ming g kch thc 397x397 b lt pha trn t.
Phn ngn trng di chn t ta cng ct ming g c kch thc 400x 400 tr 4 gc
vung chn t b phn di t. Hon thnh t dng c
6.5. Qu trnh sa my nhn V:
Chn on: b h rong du trong piston.
Tnh hnh sa ngy th 1: Sau khi dng m lt tho 2 piston du ra khi my.
Dng cy nhm c di v tay tho rong du h ra khi xi lanh cha piston. Nhn
thy rong du b mn qu nhiu, nn du b r ra nhiu khi hot ng my.
i vi piston du, dng RP7 v sinh lm sch ton b piston.
Cch sa: thay th rong du mi. Tuy nhin do rong du mi khng ph hp kch
thc ca khe cha, do khi mi bt rong du, d cho kch thc nhng do
nhn khi mi thp nn khi lp vo du vn r khi hot ng.
Tnh hnh sa ngy th 2: Do khi hot ng th vn r du nn quyt nh lp li nh
hin trng c ch rong du ph hp mi thay th.
Dng m lt nh m ng dn du sau m gi pha trn v sau mi dng
m lt ln m piston ra.
Sau tho rong du lp vo gy ra r du ra, v thay th rong du c vo.
Trc khi lp vo v sinh sch s rong du, v v sinh sch mt trong xi lanh.
Bo co hc vic t c kh

Nguyn Th Sang V191 Trang 21

Sau khi lp kht vi khe h cha rong, tin hnh lp piston vo.
Trc khi lp, vn ren ra cho piston v tr ra ngoi ht c. Sau mi cho vo xi
lanh. Dng m lt ht lc tay. Sau dng c l v ba ng xung ko u xi lanh
i xung. Tip tc dng m lt ln vn vo, sau li ng xung ko piston i
xung. Lm li nh vy ti khi piston ht hnh trnh. Lu , trc khi ht hnh trnh
piston, t ming m u xi lanh vo trc. Sau khi c nh piston, lp bulong c
nh xi lanh v dao nhn bng lc gic. Sau lp ng du v cc b phn cn li.
Tin hnh chy th my, my chy bnh thng, khng b r du. Kt thc qu trnh
sa my.