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BLUE BRAI N






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CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION
2.WHAT IS BLUE BRAIN
3.WHAT IS VIRTUAL BRAIN
4.FUNCTION OF NATURAL BRAIN
5.BRAIN SIMULATION
6.BLUE BRAIN OBJECTIVES
7.ARCHITECTURE OF BLUE GENE
8.SIMULATING MICROCIRCUIT
9.APPLICATION OF BLUE BRAIN
10.ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
11.CONCLUSION


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I NTRODUCTI ON
Human brain, the most valuable creation of God.The
man is called intelligent because of the Brain.But we
loss the knowledge of a brain when the body is
destroyed after the death .

BLUE BRAIN- The name of the worlds first
virtual brain. That means a machine that can function
as human brain.


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WHAT I S BLUE BRAI N
The IBM is now developing a virtual brain known as
the BLUE BRAIN.

It would be the worlds first virtual brain.Within 30
years, we will be able to scan ourselves into the
computers.
An artificial brain that can think,respond,take
decision and keep in memory anything and
everything
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WHAT I S VI RTUAL BRAI N
A machine that can function as brain .

It can take decision.

It can think.

It can respond.

It can keep things in memory.

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WHY WE NEED VI RTUAL BRAI N
To upload contents of the natural brain into it .

To keep the intelligence , knowledge and skill of any
person for ever .

To remember things without any effort .
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FUNCTI ONI NG OF BRAI N

Sensory Input :-

Receiving input such as sound ,image, etc
through sensory cell .

Interpretation.

Interpretation of the received input by the brain by defining
states of neurons in the brain.

Motor Output.

Receiving of electric responses from the brain to perform any
action .

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BRAI N SI MULATI ON
NATURAL BRAI N VS SIMULATED BRAIN
I NPUT

Through the natural
neurons.
I NPUT

Through the silicon chip or
artificial neurons.
I NTERPRETATI ON

By a set of bits in the set of
register .

I NTERPRETATI ON

By different states of the
neurons in the brain.
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BRAIN SIMULATION(contd)
NATURAL BRAI N VS SI MULATED BRAI N
OUTPUT

Through the natural
neurons.

OUTPUT

Through the silicon chip .

PROCESSI NG

Through arithmetic and
logical calculations.
PROCESSI NG

Through arithmetic and
logical calculation and
artificial intelligence .

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BRAIN SIMULATION(contd)
NATURAL BRAI N VS SI MULATED BRAI N






MEMORY

Through permanent states of
neurons .

MEMORY

Through Secondary memory

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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
REQUI RMENTS
A Super computer.

Memory with a very large storing capacity.

Processor with a very high processing power.

A very wide network.

A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain to input
signal, which is to be received by the computer and vice versa.

Very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between the natural
brain and the computer.

The Blue Brain has some 8,000 processors which map one or two
simulated brain neurons to each processor, making the computer a
replica of 10,000 neurons.



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Nanobots
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BLUE BRAI N PROJ ECT
OBJ ECTI VES


Acquire knowledge about brain

Accelerate global research effort of reverse engineering

Structure and functioning of components of brain

Biuld complete theoretical frame work that can orchestrate the
reconstruction of the brain of mammals into computer model
for simulation and visualisation
.
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BLUE BRAI N PROJ ECT
OBJ ECTI VES(contd..)


Scientists think that blue brain could also help to cure the
Parkinson's disease.

The brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, the brain
rewiring itself every moment of its existence.If the scientists
can crack open the secret of how and why the brain does it, the
knowledge could lead to new breed of supercomputers
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ARCHI TECTURE OF BLUE GENE
Blue Gene/L is built using system-on-a-chip technology in which all
functions of a node (except for main memory) are integrated onto a single
application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

This ASIC includes 2 PowerPC 440 cores running at 700 MHz. Associated
with each core is a 64-bit double floating point unit (FPU) that can
operate in single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) mode.

Each (single) FPU can execute up to 2 multiply-adds per cycle, which
means that the peak performance of the chip is 8 floating point operations
per cycle (4 under normal conditions, with no use of SIMD mode).

Leads to a peak performance of 5.6 billion floating point operations per
second (GFLOPS) per chip or node, or 2.8 GFLOPS in non- SIMD mode.


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ARCHI TECTURE OF BLUE
GENE(contd)
The two CPUs (central processing units) can be used in coprocessor
mode or in virtual node mode .

the aggregate performance of a processor card in virtual node mode is: 2 x
node = 2 x 2.8 GFLOPS = 5.6 GFLOPS, and its peak performance(optimal
use of double FPU) is: 2 x 5.6 GFLOPS = 11.2 GFLOPS.

A rack (1,024 nodes= 2,048 CPUs) therefore has 2.8 teraFLOPS or
TFLOPS, and a peak of 5.6 TFLOPS.

The Blue Brain Projects Blue Gene is a 4-rack system that has 4,096 nodes,
equal to 8,192 CPUs, with a peak performance of 22.4 TFLOPS.

A 64-rack machine should provide 180 TFLOPS, or 360 TFLOPS at peak
performance.

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BLUE BRAI N I N
LAUSANNA,SWI TZERLAND
The "Blue Brain" supercomputer in Lausanne, Switzerland.

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SI MULATI NG MI CROCI RCUI T
All the 8192 processors of the Blue Gene are pressed into
service,in a massively parallel computation solving the
complex mathematical equations that govern the electrical
activity in each neuron when a stimulus is applied.
As the electrical impulse travels from neuron to neuron, the
results are communicated via inter-processor communication
(MPI).
Currently, the time required to simulate the circuit is about two
orders of magnitude larger than the actual biological time
simulated.
The Blue Brain team is working to streamline the computation
so that the circuit can function in real time - meaning that 1
second of activity can be modeled in one second.
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Visual representation of a mammalian
neocortical column.

The representation shows the part of the brain which has been
modeled using a supercomputer.

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APPLI CATI ONS OF BLUE BRAI N
Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data

Cracking the Neural Code

Understanding Neocortical Information Processing

A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders

A Global Facility
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ADVANTAGES
We can remember things without any effort.
Decision can be made without the presence of a person.
Even after the death of a man his intelligence can be used.
The activity of different animals can be understood. That
means by interpretation of the electric impulses from the brain
of the animals, their thinking can be understood easily.
It would allow the deaf to hear via direct nerve stimulation,
and also be helpful for many psychological diseases. By down
loading the contents of the brain that was uploaded into the
computer, the man can get rid from the madness.
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LI MI TATI ONS
We become dependent upon the computer systems.
Others may use technical knowledge against us.
Computer viruses will pose an increasingly critical threat.
The real threat, however, is the fear that people will have of
new technologies.That fear may culminate in a large
resistance. Clear evidence of this type of fear is found today
with respect to human cloning.
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CONCLUSI ON
The synthesis era in neuroscience started with the launch of the
Human Brain Project.the first version of the Blue Column,
which has 10,000 neurons, has already been built and
simulated; it is the refinement of the detailed properties and
calibration of the circuit that takes time.
A model of the entire brain at the cellular level will probably take
the next decade. Even if overestimated by a decade or two, this
is still just a blink of an eye in relation to the evolution of
human civilization.
Blue Brain will allow us to challenge the foundations of our
understanding of intelligence and generate new theories of
consciousness
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Thank you!!