IELTS Writing Task 1 Simon

Contents
1. Line graph.................................................................................................................................2
1.1. Tips for Line graph............................................................................................................2
1.2. Internet Users as percentage of population.......................................................................3
1.3. Internatioal migration in UK.............................................................................................4
1.4. UK acid rain emission.......................................................................................................5
1.5. Water consumption............................................................................................................6
1.6. ar o!nership..................................................................................................................."
2. #ar chart...................................................................................................................................$
2.1. %arriages and di&orces.....................................................................................................$
2.2. Le&els of participation......................................................................................................'
2.3. onsumer good...............................................................................................................11
2.4. (ouse prices....................................................................................................................12
3. Ta)le.......................................................................................................................................13
3.1. Tips for ta)le...................................................................................................................13
3.2. *ail net!or+s..................................................................................................................14
3.3. ,o&ert- proportion in .ustralia.......................................................................................15
3.4. /ail- acti&ities................................................................................................................16
3.5. 0oods consumer..............................................................................................................1"
4. ,ie chart..................................................................................................................................1$
4.1. am"1 page 121...............................................................................................................1$
4.2. /iet..................................................................................................................................1'
5. %ap.........................................................................................................................................22
5.1. 3illage of horle-!ood..................................................................................................22
5.2. 0aller-.............................................................................................................................21
5.3. (ouse design...................................................................................................................22
5.4. 2 proposed supermar+et..................................................................................................23
6. ,rocess....................................................................................................................................24
6.1. Tips for process diagram.................................................................................................24
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 1
6.2. 4orecast in .ustralia........................................................................................................25
6.3. #ric+ manufactuting........................................................................................................26
6.4. Water c-cle......................................................................................................................2"
1. Line graph
1.1. Tips for Line graph
Line graphs al!a-s sho! changes o&er time. (ere5s some ad&ice a)out ho! to descri)e them6
Tr- to !rite 4 paragraphs 7 introduction1 summar- of main points1 2 detail paragraphs.
4or -our summar- paragraph1 loo+ at the 8)ig picture8 7 !hat changes happened to all of
the lines from the )eginning to the end of the period sho!n 9i.e. from the first -ear to the
last:. Is there a trend that all of the lines follo! 9e.g. an o&erall increase:;
<ou don5t need to gi&e num)ers in -our summar- paragraph. =um)ers are specific
details. >ust mention general things li+e 5o&erall change51 5highest5 and 5lo!est51 !ithout
gi&ing specific figures.
=e&er descri)e each line separatel-. The e?aminer !ants to see comparisons.
If the graph sho!s -ears1 -ou !on5t ha&e time to mention all of them. The +e- -ears to
descri)e are the first -ear and the last -ear. <ou should also mention an- 5special5 -ears
9e.g. a pea+ or a significant rise@fall:.
Atart descri)ing details 9paragraph 3: !ith a comparison of the lines for the first -ear
sho!n on the graph 9e.g. in 1''21 the num)er of...:.
Use the past simple 9increased1 fell: for past -ears1 and 5!ill5 or 5is e?pected@predicted to5
for future -ears.
/on5t use the passi&e 9e.g. the num)er !as increased:1 continuous 9e.g. the num)er !as
increasing:1 or perfect tenses 9e.g. the num)er has increased:.
1.2. Internet Users as percentage of population
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 2
The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries !ho used the Internet
)et!een 1''' and 222'.
It is clear that the proportion of the population !ho used the Internet increased in each countr-
o&er the period sho!n. B&erall1 a much larger percentage of anadians and .mericans had
access to the Internet in comparison !ith %e?icans1 and anada e?perienced the fastest gro!th
in Internet usage.
In 1'''1 the proportion of people using the Internet in the UA. !as a)out 22C. The figures for
anada and %e?ico !ere lo!er1 at a)out 12C and 5C respecti&el-. In 22251 Internet usage in
)oth the UA. and anada rose to around "2C of the population1 !hile the figure for %e?ico
reached Dust o&er 25C.
#- 222'1 the percentage of Internet users !as highest in anada. .lmost 122C of anadians
used the Internet1 compared to a)out $2C of .mericans and onl- 42C of %e?icans.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 3
1.3. International migration in UK
The chart gi&es information a)out UK immigration1 emigration and net migration )et!een 1'''
and 222$.
#oth immigration and emigration rates rose o&er the period sho!n1 )ut the figures for
immigration !ere significantl- higher. =et migration pea+ed in 2224 and 222".
In 1'''1 o&er 4521222 people came to li&e in the UK1 !hile the num)er of people !ho emigrated
stood at Dust under 3221222. The figure for net migration !as around 16212221 and it remained at
a similar le&el until 2223. 4rom 1''' to 22241 the immigration rate rose )- nearl- 1521222
people1 )ut there !as a much smaller rise in emigration. =et migration pea+ed at almost 2521222
people in 2224.
.fter 22241 the rate of immigration remained high1 )ut the num)er of people emigrating
fluctuated. Emigration fell suddenl- in 222"1 )efore pea+ing at a)out 4221222 people in 222$. .s
a result1 the net migration figure rose to around 2421222 in 222"1 )ut fell )ac+ to around 1621222
in 222$.
915':
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 4
1.4. UK acid rain emission
The graph below shows UK acid rain emissions, measured in millions of tones, from four
different sectors between 1990 and 2007.
I!e made the following essa" into a gap#fill e$ercise.
The line graph compares four sectors in FFFFFF of the amount of acid rain emissions that the-
produced o&er a period of 1" -ears in the UK.
It is clear that the total amount of acid rain emissions in the UK FFFFFF FFFFFF )et!een 1''2
and 222". The most FFFFFF decrease !as seen in the electricit-1 gas and !ater suppl- sector.
In 1''21 around 3.3 million tones of acid rain emissions came from the electricit-1 gas and !ater
sector. The transport and communication sector !as FFFFFF for a)out 2." million tones of
emissions1 !hile the domestic sector FFFFFF around 2.6 million tones. >ust o&er 2 million tones
of acid rain gases came from other industries.
Emissions from electricit-1 gas and !ater suppl- fell dramaticall- to onl- 2.5 million tones in
222"1 a FFFFFF of almost 3 million tones. While acid rain gases from the domestic sector and
other industries fell graduall-1 the transport sector FFFFFF a small increase in emissions1 FFFFFF
a pea+ of 1 million tones in 2225.
%ill the gaps using these words&
produced1 reaching fell1 responsi)le1 sa!1 considera)l-1 terms1 drop1 dramatic
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 5
1.5. Water consumption
The graph and table below gi!e information about water use worldwide and water
consumption in two different countries.
The charts compare the amount of !ater used for agriculture1 industr- and homes around the
!orld1 and !ater use in #raGil and the /emocratic *epu)lic of ongo.
It is clear that glo)al !ater needs rose significantl- )et!een 1'22 and 22221 and that agriculture
accounted for the largest proportion of !ater used. We can also see that !ater consumption !as
considera)l- higher in #raGil than in the ongo.
In 1'221 around 522+mH of !ater !as used )- the agriculture sector !orld!ide. The figures for
industrial and domestic !ater consumption stood at around one fifth of that amount. #- 22221
glo)al !ater use for agriculture had increased to around 3222+mH1 industrial !ater use had risen
to Dust under half that amount1 and domestic consumption had reached appro?imatel- 522+mH.
In the -ear 22221 the populations of #raGil and the ongo !ere 1"6 million and 5.2 million
respecti&el-. Water consumption per person in #raGil1 at 35'mH1 !as much higher than that in the
ongo1 at onl- $mH1 and this could )e e?plained )- the fact that #raGil had 265 times more
irrigated land.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 6
91$4 !ords1 )and ':
1.6. ar o!nership
The graph below gi!es information about car ownership in 'ritain from 1971 to 2007.
The graph sho!s changes in the num)er of cars FperFF household in 0reat #ritain Fo&erF a
period of 36 -ears.
B&erall1 car o!nership in #ritain increased F)et!eenF 1'"1 and 222". In particular1 the num)er
of households !ith t!o cars rose1 !hile the num)er of households F!ithoutFF a car fell.
In 1'"11 almostF half of all #ritish households did not ha&e regular use of a car. .round 44C of
households had one car1 )ut onl- a)out "C had t!o cars. It !as uncommon for families to o!n
three or more cars1 F)-F around 2C of households falling into this categor-.
The one7car household !as the most common t-pe from the late 1'"2Is Fon!ardsF1 although
there !as little change in the FfiguresFF for this categor-. The )iggest change !as seen in the
proportion of households !ithout a car1 !hich fell steadil- o&er the 367-ear period F!ithFFFFF
around 25C in 222". In contrast1 the proportion of t!o7car families rose steadil-1 reaching a)out
26C in 222"1 and the proportion of households !ith more than t!o cars rose FtoFF around 5C.
%ill the gaps in the essa" with the following words&
almost1 to1 figures1 per1 )et!een1 )-1 o&er1 !ith1 !ithout1 on!ards
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 7
2. "ar chart
2.1. #arriages and di$orces
The Jrst )ar chart sho!s changes in the num)er of marriages and di&orces in the UA.1 and the
second chart sho!s Jgures for the marital status of .merican adults in 1'"2 and 2222.
It is clear that there !as a fall in the num)er of marriages in the UA. )et!een 1'"2 and 2222.
The maDorit- of adult .mericans !ere married in )oth -ears1 )ut the proportion of single adults
!as higher in 2222.
In 1'"21 there !ere 2.5 million marriages in the UA. and 1 million di&orces. The marriage rate
remained sta)le in 1'$21 )ut fell to 2 million )- the -ear 2222. In contrast1 the di&orce rate
pea+ed in 1'$21 at nearl- 1.5 million di&orces1 )efore falling )ac+ to 1 million at the end of the
period.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 8
.round "2C of .merican adults !ere married in 1'"21 )ut this Jgure dropped to Dust under 62C
)- 2222. .t the same time1 the proportion of unmarried people and di&orcees rose )- a)out 12C
in total. The proportion of !ido!ed .mericans !as slightl- lo!er in 2222.
91"4:
2.2. Le$els of participation
The charts below show the le!els of participation in education and science in de!eloping and
industrialised countries in 19(0 and 1990.
The three )ar charts sho! a&erage -ears of schooling1 num)ers of scientists and technicians1 and
research and de&elopment spending in de&eloping and de&eloped countries. 4igures are gi&en for
1'$2 and 1''2.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 9
It is clear from the charts that the figures for de&eloped countries are much higher than those for
de&eloping nations. .lso1 the charts sho! an o&erall increase in participation in education and
science from 1'$2 to 1''2.
,eople in de&eloping nations attended school for an a&erage of around 3 -ears1 !ith onl- a slight
increase in -ears of schooling from 1'$2 to 1''2. Bn the other hand1 the figure for industrialised
countries rose from nearl- ' -ears of schooling in 1'$2 to nearl- 11 -ears in 1''2.
4rom 1'$2 to 1''21 the num)er of scientists and technicians in industrialised countries almost
dou)led to a)out "2 per 1222 people. Apending on research and de&elopment also sa! rapid
gro!th in these countries1 reaching K352 )illion in 1''2. #- contrast1 the num)er of science
!or+ers in de&eloping countries remained )elo! 22 per 1222 people1 and research spending fell
from a)out K52 )illion to onl- K25 )illion.
91$" !ords:
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 10
2.3. onsumer good
The )ar chart compares consumer spending on si? different items in 0erman-1 Ital-1 4rance and
#ritain.
It is clear that #ritish people spent significantl- more mone- than people in the other three
countries on all si? goods. Bf the si? items1 consumers spent the most mone- on photographic
film.
,eople in #ritain spent Dust o&er L1"21222 on photographic film1 !hich is the highest figure
sho!n on the chart. #- contrast1 0ermans !ere the lo!est o&erall spenders1 !ith roughl- the
same figures 9Dust under L1521222: for each of the si? products.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 11
The figures for spending on to-s !ere the same in )oth 4rance and Ital-1 at nearl- L1621222.
(o!e&er1 !hile 4rench people spent more than Italians on photographic film and /s1 Italians
paid out more for personal stereos1 tennis racMuets and perfumes. The amount spent )- 4rench
people on tennis racMuets1 around L14512221 is the lo!est figure sho!n on the chart. (154 words)
2.4. %ouse prices
The )ar chart compares the cost of an a&erage house in fi&e maDor cities o&er a period of 13 -ears
from 1'$'.
We can see that house prices fell o&erall )et!een 1''2 and 1''51 )ut most of the cities sa!
rising prices )et!een 1''6 and 2222. London e?perienced )- far the greatest changes in house
prices o&er the 137-ear period.
B&er the 5 -ears after 1'$'1 the cost of a&erage homes in To+-o and London dropped )- around
"C1 !hile =e! <or+ house prices !ent do!n )- 5C. #- contrast1 prices rose )- appro?imatel-
2C in )oth %adrid and 4ran+furt.
#et!een 1''6 and 22221 London house prices Dumped to around 12C a)o&e the 1'$' a&erage.
(ome)u-ers in =e! <or+ also had to pa- significantl- more1 !ith prices rising to 5C a)o&e the
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 12
1'$' a&erage1 )ut homes in To+-o remained cheaper than the- !ere in 1'$'. The cost of an
a&erage home in %adrid rose )- a further 2C1 !hile prices in 4ran+furt remained sta)le. (165)
3. Ta&le
3.1. Tips for ta&le
Ta)les seem difficult !hen the- contain a lot of num)ers. (ere5s some ad&ice6
Tr- to !rite 4 paragraphs 7 introduction1 summar- of main points1 2 detail paragraphs.
#efore -ou start !riting1 highlight some +e- num)ers. hoose the )iggest num)er in each
categor- in the ta)le 9i.e. in each column and ro!:. If the ta)le sho!s -ears1 loo+ for the
)iggest changes in num)ers o&er the time period. <ou could also mention the smallest
num)ers1 )ut -ou can ignoe 5middle5 num)ers 9neither )iggest nor smallest:.
4or -our summar- paragraph1 tr- to compare !hole categories 9columns or ro!s: rather
than indi&idual 5cells5 in the ta)le. If -ou can5t compare !hole categories1 compare the
)iggest and smallest num)er. Write 2 sentences for the summar-.
In -our t!o 5details5 paragraphs1 ne&er descri)e each categor- 9column or ro!: separatel-.
The e?aminer !ants to see comparisons. Tr- to organise the num)ers -ou highlighted
into 2 groups 7 one for each paragraph 9e.g. highest num)ers for all categories together1
and lo!est num)ers together:.
/escri)e @ compare the num)ers -ou highlighted 7 include at least 3 num)ers in each
paragraph.
Use the past simple for past -ears1 and 5!ill5 or 5is e?pected@predicted to5 for future -ears.
If no time is sho!n1 use the present simple.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 13
3.2. 'ail net!or(s
The table below gi!es information about the underground railwa" s"stems in si$ cities.
%ull essa" )band 9*&
The ta)le sho!s data a)out the underground rail net!or+s in si? maDor cities.
The ta)le compares the si? net!or+s in terms of their age1 siGe and the num)er of people !ho
use them each -ear. It is clear that the three oldest underground s-stems are larger and ser&e
significantl- more passengers than the ne!er s-stems.
The London underground is the oldest s-stem1 ha&ing opened in 1$63. It is also the largest
s-stem1 !ith 3'4 +ilometres of route. The second largest s-stem1 in ,aris1 is onl- a)out half the
siGe of the London underground1 !ith 1'' +ilometres of route. (o!e&er1 it ser&es more people
per -ear. While onl- third in terms of siGe and age1 the To+-o s-stem is easil- the most used1
!ith 1'2" million passengers per -ear.
Bf the three ne!er net!or+s1 the Washington / underground is the most e?tensi&e1 !ith 126
+ilometres of route1 compared to onl- 11 +ilometres and 2$ +ilometres for the K-oto and Los
.ngeles s-stems. The Los .ngeles net!or+ is the ne!est1 ha&ing opened in 22211 !hile the
K-oto net!or+ is the smallest and ser&es onl- 45 million passengers per -ear.
91$5 !ords:
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 14
3.3. )o$ert* proportion in +ustralia
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families li!ing in po!ert" in
+ustralia in 1999.
The ta)le gi&es information a)out po&ert- rates among si? t-pes of household in .ustralia in the
-ear 1'''.
It is noticea)le that le&els of po&ert- !ere higher for single people than for couples1 and people
!ith children !ere more li+el- to )e poor than those !ithout. ,o&ert- rates !ere considera)l-
lo!er among elderl- people.
B&erall1 11C of .ustralians1 or 11$3"1222 people1 !ere li&ing in po&ert- in 1'''. .ged people
!ere the least li+el- to )e poor1 !ith po&ert- le&els of 6C and 4C for single aged people and
aged couples respecti&el-.
>ust o&er one fifth of single parents !ere li&ing in po&ert-1 !hereas onl- 12C of parents li&ing
!ith a partner !ere classed as poor. The same pattern can )e seen for people !ith no children6
!hile 1'C of single people in this group !ere li&ing )elo! the po&ert- line1 the figure for
couples !as much lo!er1 at onl- "C.
9152 !ords1 )and ':
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 15
3.4. ,ail* acti$ities
The chart below shows a!erage hours and minutes spent b" UK males and females on
different dail" acti!ities.
I!e made the following essa" into a gap#fill e$ercise.
The ta)le compares the a&erage amount of time per da- that men and !omen in the UK spend
doing different acti&ities.
It is clear that people in the UK spend more time sleeping than doing an- other dail- acti&it-.
.lso1 there are significant differences )et!een the time spent )- men and !omen on
emplo-ment@stud- and house!or+.
Bn a&erage1 men and !omen in the UK sleep for a)out $ hours per da-. Leisure ta+es up the
second largest proportion of their time. %en spend 5 hours and 25 minutes doing &arious leisure
acti&ities1 such as !atching T3 or doing sport1 F!hileF !omen ha&e 4 hours and 53 minutes of
leisure time.
It is noticea)le that men !or+ or stud- for an a&erage of "' minutes more than !omen e&er- da-.
#- contrast1 !omen spend "' minutes more than men doing house!or+1 and the- spend o&er
t!ice as much time loo+ing after children.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 16
%ill the gaps using these words& doing1 up1 o&er1 spent1 !hile1 sleeping1 sleep1 t!ice1 amount1
ta+es
3.5. -oods consumer
The table below gi!es information on consumer spending on different items in fi!e different
countries in 2002.
,ercentage of national consumer e?penditure )- categor- 7 2222
The ta)le sho!s percentages of consumer e?penditure for three categories of products and
ser&ices in fi&e countries in 2222.
It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each countr- !ent on food1 drin+s
and to)acco. Bn the other hand1 the leisure@education categor- has the lo!est percentages in the
ta)le.
But of the fi&e countries1 consumer spending on food1 drin+s and to)acco !as noticea)l- higher
in Tur+e-1 at 32.14C1 and Ireland1 at nearl- 2'C. The proportion of spending on leisure and
education !as also highest in Tur+e-1 at 4.35C1 !hile e?penditure on clothing and foot!ear !as
significantl- higher in Ital-1 at 'C1 than in an- of the other countries.
It can )e seen that A!eden had the lo!est percentages of national consumer e?penditure for
food@drin+s@to)acco and for clothing@foot!ear1 at nearl- 16C and Dust o&er 5C respecti&el-.
Apain had slightl- higher figures for these categories1 )ut the lo!est figure for leisure@education1
at onl- 1.'$C.
9155:
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 17
4. )ie chart
4.1. am./ page 101
The pie charts compare the amount of electricit- produced using fi&e different sources of fuel in
t!o countries o&er t!o separate -ears.
Total electricit- production increased dramaticall- from 1'$2 to 2222 in )oth .ustralia and
4rance. While the totals for )oth countries !ere similar1 there !ere )ig differences in the fuel
sources used.
oal !as used to produce 52 of the total 122 units of electricit- in .ustralia in 1'$21 rising to
132 out of 1"2 units in 2222. #- contrast1 nuclear po!er )ecame the most important fuel source
in 4rance in 22221 producing almost "5C of the countr-Is electricit-.
.ustralia depended on h-dro po!er for Dust under 25C of its electricit- in )oth -ears1 )ut the
amount of electricit- produced using this t-pe of po!er fell from 5 to onl- 2 units in 4rance. Bil1
on the other hand1 remained a relati&el- important fuel source in 4rance1 )ut its use declined in
.ustralia. #oth countries relied on natural gas for electricit- production significantl- more in
1'$2 than in 2222. 91"2 !ords:
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 18
4.2. ,iet
%ill the gaps with these words&
constitutes, drops, amount, fifth, higher, ma,e, one, relati!e, figure, up
The pie charts compare the proportion of car)oh-drates1 protein and fat in three different diets1
namel- an a&erage diet1 a health- diet1 and a health- diet for sport.
It is noticea)le that sportspeople reMuire a diet comprising a significantl- higher proportion of
car)oh-drates than an a&erage diet or a health- diet. The a&erage diet contains the lo!est
percentage of car)oh-drates )ut the highest proportion of protein.
ar)oh-drates FFFFFF FFFFFF 62C of the health- diet for sport. This is 12C FFFFFF than the
proportion of car)oh-drates in a normal health- diet1 and 22C more than the proportion in an
a&erage diet. Bn the other hand1 people !ho eat an a&erage diet consume a greater FFFFFF
FFFFFF of protein 942C: than those !ho eat a health- diet 932C: and sportspeople 925C:.
The third compound sho!n in the charts is fat. 4at FFFFFF e?actl- FFFFFF FFFFFF of )oth the
a&erage diet and the health- diet1 )ut the FFFFFF FFFFFF to onl- 15C for the health- sports diet.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 19
5. #ap
5.1. 1illage of horle*!ood
The map sho!s the gro!th of a &illage called horle-!ood )et!een 1$6$ and 1''4.
It is clear that the &illage gre! as the transport infrastructure !as impro&ed. 4our periods of
de&elopment are sho!n on the map1 and each of the populated areas is near to the main roads1
the rail!a- or the motor!a-.
4rom 1$6$ to 1$$31 horle-!ood co&ered a small area ne?t to one of the main roads.
horle-!ood ,ar+ and 0olf ourse is no! located ne?t to this original &illage area. The &illage
gre! along the main road to the south )et!een 1$$3 and 1'221 and in 1'2' a rail!a- line !as
)uilt crossing this area from !est to east. horle-!ood station is in this part of the &illage.
The e?pansion of horle-!ood continued to the east and !est alongside the rail!a- line until
1'"2. .t that time1 a motor!a- !as )uilt to the east of the &illage1 and from 1'"2 to 1''41
further de&elopment of the &illage too+ place around motor!a- intersections !ith the rail!a-
and one of the main roads.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 20
91"4:
5.2. -aller*
The first picture sho!s the la-out of an art galler-1 and the second sho!s some proposed changes
to the galler- space.
It is clear that significant changes !ill )e made in terms of the use of floor space in the galler-.
There !ill )e a completel- ne! entrance and more space for e?hi)itions.
.t present1 &isitors enter the galler- through doors !hich lead into a lo))-. (o!e&er1 the plan is
to mo&e the entrance to the ,ar+inson ourt side of the )uilding1 and &isitors !ill !al+ straight
into the e?hi)ition area. In place of the lo))- and office areas1 !hich are sho!n on the e?isting
plan1 the ne! galler- plan sho!s an education area and a small storage area.
The permanent e?hi)ition space in the rede&eloped galler- !ill )e a)out t!ice as large as it is
no! )ecause it !ill occup- the area that is no! used for temporar- e?hi)itions. There !ill also
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 21
)e a ne! room for special e?hi)itions. This room is sho!n in red on the e?isting plan and is not
currentl- part of the galler-. (178 words, band 9)
5.3. %ouse design
The diagrams sho! ho! house designs differ according to climate.
The most noticea)le difference )et!een houses designed for cool and !arm climates is in the
shape of the roof. The designs also differ !ith regard to the !indo!s and the use of insulation.
We can see that the cool climate house has a high7angled roof1 !hich allo!s sunlight to enter
through the !indo!. #- contrast1 the roof of the !arm climate house has a pea+ in the middle
and roof o&erhangs to shade the !indo!s. Insulation and thermal )uilding materials are used in
cool climates to reduce heat loss1 !hereas insulation and reflecti&e materials are used to +eep the
heat out in !arm climates.
4inall-1 the cool climate house has one !indo! !hich faces the direction of the sun1 !hile the
!arm climate house has !indo!s on t!o sides !hich are shaded from the sun. #- opening the
t!o !indo!s at night1 the house designed for !arm climates can )e &entilated and the stored
heat during the da- is remo&ed.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 22
9162 !ords1 )and ':
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 23
5.4. 2 proposed supermar(et
The map below is of the town of -arlsdon. + new supermar,et ).* is planned for the town.
The map shows two possible sites for the supermar,et.
The map sho!s t!o potential locations 9A1 and A2: for a ne! supermar+et in a to!n called
0arlsdon.
The main difference )et!een the t!o sites is that A1 is outside the to!n1 !hereas A2 is in the
to!n centre. The sites can also )e compared in terms of access )- road or rail1 and their positions
relati&e to three smaller to!ns.
Loo+ing at the information in more detail1 A1 is in the countr-side to the north !est of 0arlsdon1
)ut it is close to the residential area of the to!n. A2 is also close to the housing area1 !hich
surrounds the to!n centre.
There are main roads from (indon1 #ransdon and ransdon to 0arlsdon to!n centre1 )ut this is a
no traffic Gone1 so there !ould )e no access to A2 )- car. #- contrast1 A1 lies on the main road to
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 24
(indon1 )ut it !ould )e more difficult to reach from #ransdon and ransdon. #oth supermar+et
sites are close to the rail!a- that runs through 0arlsdon from (indon to ransdon. (171)
6. )rocess
6.1. Tips for process diagram
,rocess diagrams sho! ho! something is done or made. The- al!a-s sho! steps@stages. (ere5s
some ad&ice a)out ho! to descri)e them6
Tr- to !rite 4 paragraphs 7 introduction1 summar- of main points1 2 detail paragraphs.
Write the introduction )- paraphrasing the Muestion 9re!rite it )- changing some of the
!ords:.
4or -our summar-1 first sa- ho! man- steps there are in the process. Then sa-
!here@ho! the process )egins and ends 9loo+ at the first and last stages:.
In paragraphs 3 and 41 descri)e the process step )- step. Include the first and last steps
that -ou mentioned in the summar-1 )ut tr- to descri)e them in more detail or in a
different !a-.
<ou could descri)e the steps in one paragraph1 )ut it loo+s more organised if -ou )rea+
the description into t!o paragraphs. >ust start paragraph 4 some!here in the middle of
the process.
%ention e&er- stage in the process.
Use 5seMuencing5 language e.g. at the first @ second @ follo!ing @ final stage of the process1
ne?t1 after that1 then1 finall- etc.
Times 9e.g. past dates: are not usuall- sho!n1 so use the present simple tense.
It5s usuall- a good idea to use the passi&e e.g. 5.t the final stage1 the product is deli&ered
to shops5 9)ecause !e don5t need to +no! !ho deli&ered the product:.
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 25
6.2. 2orecast in +ustralia
The diagram below shows how the +ustralian 'ureau of /eteorolog" collects up# to#the#
minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.
The figure illustrates the process used )- the .ustralian #ureau of %eteorolog- to forecast the
!eather.
There are four stages in the process1 )eginning !ith the collection of information a)out the
!eather. This information is then anal-sed1 prepared for presentation1 and finall- )roadcast to the
pu)lic.
Loo+ing at the first and second stages of the process1 there are three !a-s of collecting !eather
data and three !a-s of anal-sing it. 4irstl-1 incoming information can )e recei&ed )- satellite and
presented for anal-sis as a satellite photo. The same data can also )e passed to a radar station and
presented on a radar screen or s-noptic chart. Aecondl-1 incoming information ma- )e collected
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 26
directl- )- radar and anal-sed on a radar screen or s-noptic chart. 4inall-1 drifting )uo-s also
recei&e data !hich can )e sho!n on a s-noptic chart.
.t the third stage of the process1 the !eather )roadcast is prepared on computers. 4inall-1 it is
deli&ered to the pu)lic on tele&ision1 on the radio1 or as a recorded telephone announcement.
91"2:
6.3. "ric( manufactuting
%ere are m* 2 main paragraphs descri&ing the steps3
.t the )eginning of the process1 cla- is dug from the ground. The cla- is put through a metal
grid1 and it passes onto a roller !here it is mi?ed !ith sand and !ater. .fter that1 the cla- can )e
shaped into )ric+s in t!o !a-s6 either it is put in a mould1 or a !ire cutter is used.
.t the fourth stage in the process1 the cla- )ric+s are placed in a dr-ing o&en for one to t!o da-s.
=e?t1 the )ric+s are heated in a +iln at a moderate temperature 9222 7 '22 degrees elsius: and
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 27
then at a high temperature 9up to 1322 degrees:1 )efore spending t!o to three da-s in a cooling
cham)er. 4inall-1 the finished )ric+s are pac+aged and deli&ered.
6.4. Water c*cle
The diagram below shows the water c"cle, which is the continuous mo!ement of water on,
abo!e and below the surface of the 0arth.
The picture illustrates the !a- in !hich !ater passes from ocean to air to land during the natural
process +no!n as the !ater c-cle.
Three main stages are sho!n on the diagram. Bcean !ater e&aporates1 falls as rain1 and
e&entuall- runs )ac+ into the oceans again.
#eginning at the e&aporation stage1 !e can see that $2C of !ater &apour in the air comes from
the oceans. (eat from the sun causes !ater to e&aporate1 and !ater &apour condenses to form
clouds. .t the second stage1 la)elled NprecipitationI on the diagram1 !ater falls as rain or sno!.
.t the third stage in the c-cle1 rain!ater ma- ta+e &arious paths. Aome of it ma- fall into la+es or
return to the oceans &ia Nsurface runoffI. Bther!ise1 rain!ater ma- filter through the ground1
reaching the imper&ious la-er of the earth. Aalt !ater intrusion is sho!n to ta+e place Dust )efore
ground!ater passes into the oceans to complete the c-cle.
9156 !ords1 )and ':
Writing Task 1 - Simon Page 28