1. V Thanh H 2. L Th Hng Hnh 3. Nguyn Vn Hi 4. Nguyn Vn Nam 5. Nguyn Minh Huy 6. Dng Th Kim Ngn Nhm SVTH: K THUT HA HC I CNG 1 2 NI DUNG BO CO TNH CHT CA NH 3
NGUYN LIU SN XUT NH 3
QUY TRNH TNG HP NH 3
NG DNG CA NH 3
MT S NH MY SN XUT NH 3
1. Tnh cht vt l: Amoniac l cht kh khng mu, c mi khai, l mt cht kh c, tan nhiu trong nc.
2. Tnh cht ha hc : Trn nguyn t nitca amoniac c cp electron t do nn amoniac c tnh baz v c th xy ra phn ng ha hc :
NH 3 + H + NH 4 + Trong amoniac, nit c s oxi ha thp nht nn amoniac c tnh kh. V d nh trong phn ng ha hc:
2NH 3 + 3Cl 2 N 2 + 6HCl Amoniac tng i km bn bi nhit. N c th b phn hy ti nhit cao theo phn ng ha hc: 2NH 3 N 2 + 3H 2 TNH CHT CA AMONIAC
1. Phn chia vt l khng kh thnh nit v oxi . (Trong khng kh cha 77% nit , phng php ny c tin hnh bng cch ) Chng ct khng kh lng v da trn s khc nhau v nhit si ca tng kh ring bit.
2.Nhn N 2 cng vi H 2.
Bng cch lin kt tt c cc oxy khng kh dng CO 2 , sau tch CO 2 ra khi hn hp N 2 v H 2.
IU CH NIT Ngy nay iu ch NH 3 ngi ta dng cch th 2 l ph bin nht. 5 IU CH HYDRO iu ch hydro bng cch chuyn ha kh thin nhin, ch yu l CH 4 . Phng trnh phn ng:
C n H 2n+2 + H 2 O C n-1 H 2n + CO + 3H 2 Q CH 4 + H 2 O CO + 3H 2 Q CO + H 2 O
CO 2 + H 2 + Q Ngoi ra hydro cn iu ch bng nhng cch sau: Phn chia kh cc bng phng php ha lng tt c cc hn hp tr kh H 2.
in phn nc hay dung dch mui NaCl.
Trong cng nghip hin i ngy nay phn ln NH 3 (90%) c sn xut theo phng thc Haber-Bosch vi N 2 t khng kh , H 2 t kh Mtan (CH 4 ) v nc . CH 4 + H 2 O CO + 3H 2
N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 Ngoi phng php trn th cn dng cc phng php sau:
Phng thc CaCN 2 ca Rothe-Frank-Caro CaCN 2 + 3H 2 O CaCO 3 + 2NH 3
Phng thc Persek t nitrua nhm AlN v nc 2AlN + 3H 2 O Al 2 O 3 + 2NH 3
T NO v H 2 : 2NO + 5H 2 2NH 3 + 2H 2 O T NH 4 Cl : NH 4 Cl + NaOH NH 3 + H 2 O + NaCl
CCH SN XUT AMONIAC 7 MT S NG DNG CA NH 3
CNG NGH NHIT LNH PHN BN IU CH HNO 3
NHIN LIU PHN LC 8 NH 3 DNG SN XUT PHN BN 9 SN XUT ACID NITRIC 10 NG DNG NH 3 TRONG CNG NGH NHIT LNH H thng kho cp ng B lm lnh 11 IU CH N 2 H 4 LM NHIN LIU PHN LC 12 NH MY SN XUT NH 3
Nh my m C Mau. m Ph M Thp Metan ha 13 S SN XUT NH 3 HIN I KH LU HUNH THP REFORMING THP CHUYN HA CO THP TCH CO 2
THP METAN HA VNG TNG HP NH 3
KHNG KH HI NC KH NG NH 3 LNG CO 2
14 Kh t nhin CNG ON KH LU HUNH PHNG TRNH PHN NG TRONG THP METAN HA: R-S-H + H 2 RH + H 2 S CS 2 +H 2 H 2 S +RH COS +4H 2 H 2 S +CH 4 +H 2 O t = 380 o C Xt : Coban-Molipden oxit PHNG TRNH TRONG THP HP TH H 2 S: ZnO + H 2 S ZnS + H 2 O
Kh sch ti l Reforming THP HYDRO HA THP HP TH H 2 S L GIA NHIT 15 16 Ngoi s oxyt km xc tc cho qu trnh thp hp th H 2 S
cn s dng xc tc khc nh:
Cht hp ph rn nh: Than hot tnh, hydroxyt st. Cht hp ph lng nh: Etanolamin, dung dch asen- xoda, cc dung dch cacbonat
CNG ON REFORMING PHNG TRNH PHN NG TRONG THP REFORMING S CP: C n H 2n+2 + H 2 O C n-1 H 2n + CO + 3H 2 Q CH 4 + H 2 O CO + 3H 2 Q CO + H 2 O
CO 2 + H 2 + Q PHNG TRNH PHN NG TRONG RERFORMING TH CP CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O THP REFORMING S CP Kh nhin liu (Kh t) Chuyn ha CO Kh cng ngh Hi nc THP REFORMING TH CP Khng kh 17 Xc tc: Ni,Al 2 O 3
Nhit : 800-850 0 C. Nhit : 1100-1200 0 C KH REFORMING KH CHUYN HA THP CHUYN HA CO NHIT CAO THP CHUYN HA CO NHIT THP CNG ON CHUYN HA CO THNH CO 2
PHNG TRNH CHUYN HA CO NHIT CAO:
CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2 + Q
PHNG TRNH CHUYN HA CO NHIT THP :(ging nh trn) Nhit 200-300 o C, Xc tc Sn, Cr, Cu
t = 430 - 470 o C Xt : Oxit Fe, Cr, 18 19 Ti thp chuyn ha CO nhit thp ngoi vic s dng H 2 O lm sch cn s dng nhng phng php sau:
Hp th bng dung dch amonia ng p sut 100 300 atm , nhit 0 - 25 0 C. Ra kh bng nit lng. Hydrohoa xc tc ( khi hm lng CO thp)
D.D MEA Kh chuyn ho Kh c kh CO 2 Kh CO 2 thun Thp hp th CO2 Thp ti sinh CO2 Cc phn ng kh CO 2 bng dung dch mono etanolamin:
CO 2 + 2RNH 2 + H 2 O (RNH 3 ) 2 CO 3
CO 2 + (RNH 3 ) 2 CO 3 + H 2 O
2RNH 3 HCO 3
Qa trnh hp th CO2 c thc hin iu kin nhit 45 o C v p sut . Qu trnh ti sinh c thc hin iu kin nhit 120 o C v p sut. CNG ON TCH CO 2 20 21 Ngoi s dng MEA hp th CO 2 cn dng mt s hp cht hu c khc nh:
Metanol. Propile cacbonat C 4 H 6 O 3 . Sunfotan C 4 H 8 SO 2.
CNG ON MTAN HA KH KH CO 2
KH I TNG HP NH 3
THP METAN HA
THP TCH KH CUI CNG Condensate t = 200 400 o C Xt :Ni, Cr, Zn t = 200 400 o C Xt : Cr, Cu, Zn PHNG TRNH TRONG THP METAN HA: CO + 3H 2 CH 4 + H 2 O + Q
CO 2 + 4H 2 CH 4 + H 2 O + Q 22 Thp tng hp NH 3
Bn tch lng/hi Bn cha NH 3
lng Thp gia nhit CNG ON TNG HP AMNIC PHNG TRNH TRONG THP TNG HP NH 3
N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 + 92,4KJ
T l phn ng : 1:3 , P=250 atm Hiu sut p/ : 25% t = 360 450 o C Xt : Fe, CaO, K 2 O,Al 2 O 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 23 THP TNG HP NH 3
24 25 S KHNG GIAN HNH NHN VIDEO 26 27 S tng hp amonia p sut trung bnh