5.

H
.. , Kuroko ()
13% .
18 . . Cu + Pb + Zn.
0,8 2% Cu.
I 1% .
40% .
6.
.. Mansfeld (), Kupferschiefer, , ,
, , ,
23% .
3 5% Cu, Co .
( , .)
800 Km, 16% -.
.

7.

 80%
, :

- (
)

(---.
--)

: (. .)

Where is Copper Mined ?

World Copper Production ( 1000 t )
2500

Chile
USA

2000

Canada
Russia
Indonesia

1500

Australia
Peru
Zambia

1000

China
Poland
Kazakstan

500

Philippines
Zaire

Othere Countries

Copper World Resources and Reserve Life

100

80
N.Am erica
S.Am erica
Africa
Europe
Asia
Australia

60

40

20

0
Mio.t

Years


Bingham, Utah ( USA )

-
2500 1700 .
1000 .
50%
80%

0.65% Cu
, 1/3

> 10 Mt Cu
Cu-Zn-Pb-(Ag)

1.

Cu-Ni
(.. Sudbury, Merensky Reef, Manitoba, Minnesota, Norilsk)
4% ,

2.

,
.. Bingham Utah (...), O

3.

.. Butte-Montana, Lake Superior, Michigan, Bisbee, Arizona (...), Braden ()

4.

Y
.. Bingham (...), Rio Tinto (), El Salvador ()

Butte, Montana ( USA )

( Boulder )

.

( )
: (Anaconda A & Blue
veins )
Anaconda
3500 40 2000

: , ,

Chuquicamata ( )

14 .

2 3 810

: Py, Enar, cpy, Sph, Bor,

Mo, tetr.

85 1.5 Gt
1,5% Cu 0,07% .
1.3 Gt Cu me 0,6 0.7% Cu
500 Mt 1% Cu.

1100
160.000 t 1,1
1,2% Cu 200- 300 g/t Mo

( Cpy, Py).

Cu - (Mo).
( ).

( Skarn ).
. .


Ko ()
Cu-FeS2

1928-1978
50.000 . (2.5-3% Cu)
0.7 2.5% Cu
Ko .
Cu-FeS2
25.000 .
5% Cu

) (py, cpy, Bor, cc)

) (po, cpy, py, sph ) 5% Cu
)
) (Po, Cpy, Py , Mt, Sph)




(140 120 .)
80 . .
0.43% Cu, 3-5 ./. Au
Cpy, Por, Py, Mt, CC, Cov, Mal, Azu).
) ()
) ,
) ()



)
( )

Bor, cpy, cc, po, Mt, Ht
)


Py, cpy, Enarg, Luz, tetr, Apy, Ga, sph, Au, Ag.
3.000 . 6-7% Cu


K
)

( Mt, cpy, py, po, sph, Ga, Au )

( Mt, cpy, py )

55%
( = 85%, = 80%, 75% )

El Tiente ( ), Cobriza (Peru) Camota (

)

1900 5% Cu
1970
>>
1,1% Cu

>>
0,5% Cu
>>
0,3 0,4% Cu

( Leaching )

( . H2 SO4 )

( Flotation )

25 30% .
1 = 36

20 60% Cu, 97 99%

(0,4% - 4% Cu)

> 11% Cu

:
As, Pb, Zn, Si, Fe, Ag, Au, Hg, Mo, Sb, Bi

:
Au, Ag, Mo

:
s <2%, Bi <0,5%, Sb <1%, Zn <10%


,
.
.
.


.
.
.
:
:
(, , , ,
, , .) 90%.
30%.
() 10%.
.
( ).

57% .
15% .
9% .

70% ( , ).
14% .
7% .
7% .
3% .

: ( 55 95% ) .
M: .
90% Cu, 10% Sn, 2% Zn, 10% Pb
K (, , .).
K (
).
E : As, Sb, Cd, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Si.

A :
( )
( )
(),

(Timna).

E 4
, , ,
).

3
..

. .

4 ..
.

..(,
, ,

, ,
800C.

,
( ) .

1083C

.

4
..

( , SiO2 ).

8
..

8 5 ..
.

5 ..
.

5 4 ..
.

s, Sb Ni
.

.
.

. .

5
25% 10%.

(2 10% Sn)
(1 35%).

.
.

,
.
, .

.

.

30%.
.

(Cu-Sn-PbZn),
.