T THE HE E EFFECT FFECT OF OF C CAFFEINE AFFEINE ON ON THE THE H HEART EART R RATE ATE OF OF D DAPHNIA APHNIA

H HYPOTHESIS YPOTHESIS: :
As the cafeine concentration rises, so does the mean heart
rate of dahnia!
R RIS" IS" A ASSESS#ENT SSESS#ENT: :
In this e$eriment there are the fo%%o&in' ris(s )oth for the
h*man that carries o*t the e$eriment and the dahnia:
The h*man that carries o*t the e$eriment sho*%d )e
ca*tio*s not to to*ch the %am &ith &et hands since it *ses
e%ectricit+!
A%so, )e caref*% not to si%% an+ of the ond &ater on the
,oor!
As for the dahnia, there is a chance for them to die as
&hen the+ are e$osed to %i'ht, the+ are a%so e$osed to heat
in &hich the+ aren-t *sed to!
#oreo.er, &hen the+ are 'i.en cafeine of a hi'h
concentration their heart ma+ )eat so fast that &i%% ca*se
their death!
F*rthermore, there is the ris( of the dahnia to dr+ *,
&hich ma+ (i%% it in the midd%e of the e$eriment!
# #ETHOD ETHOD: :
These are the stes that &e fo%%o&ed &hen doin' the
e$eriment:
/! /! 0se a iette to transfer the dahnia to a ca.it+ s%ide
containin' ond &ater of (no&n .o%*me!
1! 1! Add some cotton 2)res to the ca.it+ s%ide and mo.e them
&ith a 2ne aint )r*sh in s*ch a &a+ that the dahnia can-t
mo.e!
3! 3! 0se a ca%c*%ator to ca%c*%ate the heart rate! Set its readin'
to 4ero and add / to the ans&er!
Constantinos Sa..a Pa'e /
T THE HE E EFFECT FFECT OF OF C CAFFEINE AFFEINE ON ON THE THE H HEART EART R RATE ATE OF OF D DAPHNIA APHNIA
5! 5! One st*dent &i%% *se a sto&atch to co*nt 36 seconds
&hich is the time d*rin' &hich the meas*rement of the heart
rate &i%% ta(e %ace!
7! 7! T*rn the microscoe %am on and %ocate the heart of the
dahnia thro*'h the microscoe!
8! 8! #eas*re the )eat rate!
9! 9! Reeat stes /:8 a)o*t 5 or 7 times and 'et an a.era'e!
Then ca%c*%ate the heart )eats er min*te ;<*st )+ do*)%in'
the a.era'e=!
>! >! C%ean the ca.it+ s%ide *sin' a tiss*e and ma(e s*re there is
no ond &ater %eft!
?! ?! 0se a iette to transfer a (no&n .o%*me of cafeine
so%*tion of concentration 6!/17@ to the ca.it+ s%ide!
/6! /6! Transfer the dahnia to the ca.it+ s%ide *sin' the iette!
//! //! #eas*re the heart )eats of dahnia er 36 seconds,
fo%%o&in' the same roced*re as )efore!
/1! /1! Reeat stes ?:// *sin' cafeine so%*tions of
concentrations 6!17@ and 6!7@
Notes for the experiment:
Pond water is used as the daphnia are used to living there
and we want to keep as many aspects from their normal life
as we can, so that the results are more accurate. This is also
the reason for which they should be kept in pond water.
The microscope lamp should only be on while counting the
beat rate as it might alter the temperature and when the
temperature is increased the heart rate may go up because
of this and not because of the aspect we are investigating.
A cavity slide and NT an ordinary !at microscope slide
shall be used, as the cavity slide will help keep the daphnia in
a small volume of either ca"eine solution or pond water and
not letting it escape.
#otton is used to keep the daphnia still so that the heart
rate can be easily counted.
This experiment involves a living organism so we need to
be careful with it. $o, we should leave it in conditions similar
to those that it was used to live: %
o
# up to &'
o
# (ice can also
be used to lower the temperature). *urthermore, we
shouldn+t give it ca"eine solutions of high concentration
immediately as they might kill it.
Constantinos Sa..a Pa'e 1
T THE HE E EFFECT FFECT OF OF C CAFFEINE AFFEINE ON ON THE THE H HEART EART R RATE ATE OF OF D DAPHNIA APHNIA
The independent variable for the experiment is the
concentration of the ca"eine that+s given to the daphnia. The
dependent variable is the beat rate of the daphnia.
,ust like every other experiment, this one also includes
some limitations. These are the following:
the heat produced when the lamp is on cannot be
handled and might be the reason for the heart rate to
increase
the heart rate might increase because of the e"ort of
the daphnia that is trying to escape from the cotton
-bres
Constantinos Sa..a Pa'e 3
T THE HE E EFFECT FFECT OF OF C CAFFEINE AFFEINE ON ON THE THE H HEART EART R RATE ATE OF OF D DAPHNIA APHNIA
R RES0ATS ES0ATS AND AND A ANAAYSIS NAAYSIS: :
This ta)%e s*mmarises the res*%ts that &e 'ot )+ doin' the
e$eriment!
Treatment
Heart Rate er 36
seconds
#ean from each
e$eriment in
heart )eats min
:/
.
st
Trial
&
nd
Trial
/
rd
Trial
0
th
Trial
Pond Bater /11 /85 />> />7 35/
Cafeine
;6!/17@=
5/6 556 C C 517
Cafeine
;6!17@=
166 165 C C 565
#a"eine
('.%1)
/81 C C C 315
These res*%ts are )etter deicted )+ the fo%%o&in' chart!
Constantinos Sa..a Pa'e 5
T THE HE E EFFECT FFECT OF OF C CAFFEINE AFFEINE ON ON THE THE H HEART EART R RATE ATE OF OF D DAPHNIA APHNIA
C CONCA0SIONS ONCA0SIONS: :
The chart does not con2rm &hat o*r h+othesis &as: that the
hi'her the concentration of the cafeine so%*tion the more the
)eats er min*te of the dahnia! This, tho*'h, mi'ht )e a
mista(e since the cafeine so%*tion ma+ not ha.e )een
e$act%+ as &e &anted it in each occasion, hence ma(in' the
res*%ts inacc*rate! A%so, &hen tr+in' to ress the DEF )*tton
of the ca%c*%ator faster, man+ of those additions &ere not
ca%c*%ated since the ca%c*%ator can-t add as fast as &e ress
the )*tton!
E EGAA0ATION GAA0ATION: :
If I &ere 'i.en the oort*nit+ to reeat the e$eriment these
are the arts of it that I &o*%d chan'e:
I &o*%d reeat the e$eriment &ith the cafeine so%*tion
more times, so that the res*%ts I &o*%d 'et &i%% )e more
acc*rate!
The same erson &o*%d ca%c*%ate the )eat rate for a%% the
e$eriment, as some ma+ )e a)%e to ress the DEF )*tton
more H*ic(%+ and others ma+ not ha.e )een a)%e to (ee *
&ith the fast rate!
I IOINI OINI F F0RTHER 0RTHER: :
To f*rther ana%+se the efect of a dr*', %i(e cafeine, on the
heart rate of a %i.in' or'anism, %i(e the dahnia, these are
some chan'es in the e$eriment that co*%d ha.e )een done:
0se another secies of dahnia, to see if the res*%ts are the
same
0se diferent concentrations of cafeine, s*ch as 6!397@
and 6!6817@
Constantinos Sa..a Pa'e 7