Chng 1: Vn ti v bun bn

quc t
I. Khi nim v c im
1. Khi nim:
- Theo ngha rng: VT l mt quy trnh k thut nhm
di chuyn v tr ca con ngi v vt phm p
ng nhu cu no .
- Khi nim VT di gc kinh t: VT l s thay i
v tr ca hnh khch v HH nhm p ng nhng
mc ch nht nh, ng thi tha mn 2 tnh
cht:
+ l mt hot ng vt cht ca XH
+ l hot ng kinh t ring bit
I. Khi nim v c im
2. c im:
- VT l ngnh sn xut vt cht ca XH
- VT l ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit ca XH:
+ khng lm thay i tnh cht l ha ca i tng vn
chuyn
+ gia sn xut v tiu th sn phm gn lin vi nhau
khng tch ri
+ sn phm VT khng c hnh dng, kch thc, trng
lng, nhng vn c tnh vt cht
II. Phn loi
1. Cn c vo phm vi phc v:
- VT cng cng
- VT ni b
2. Cn c vo phm vi hot ng
- VT ni a
- VT quc t
3. Cn c vo mi trng hot ng
- VT ng b
- VT ng khng
- VT ng thy
- VT ng ng

II. Phn loi
4. Cn c vo i tng vn chuyn
- VT hng ha
- VT hnh khch
- VT hn hp
5. Cn c vo khong cch vn chuyn
- VT ng gn
- VT ng xa
6. Cn c vo cch t chc vn chuyn
- VT n phng thc
- VT a phng thc
- VT t on
- VT hng nguyn
- VT hng l

1. Mi quan h gia VT v mua bn quc t
- VT l yu t khng tch ri ca mua bn quc t
- VT v mua bn quc t c s tc ng qua li vi nhau
cng pht trin
2. Tc dng ca VT vi mua bn quc t
- VT gp phn m rng, pht trin quan h mua bn quc
t
- VT gp phn lm thay i c cu hng ha v c cu th
trng trong mua bn quc t
- VT nh hng ti cn cn thanh ton quc t
- VT nh hng ti hiu qu ca hot ng XNK

IV. Phn chia trch nhim VT trong
H mua bn ngoi thng
* Quyn VT: l quyn t chc vn chuyn HH t ni
giao hng n ni nhn hng theo quy nh ca H
IV. Phn chia trch nhim VT trong
H mua bn ngoi thng
3. ngha ca vic ginh quyn vn ti
- Ch ng trong vic la chn phng thc vn chuyn, tuyn ng
vn chuyn, ngi vn chuyn
- C iu kin s dng cc phng thc VT trong nc
- Ch ng trong vic giao nhn v vn chuyn HH
- Gp phn tng thu v gim chi ngoi t cho t nc
4. 1 s trng hp khng nn ginh quyn VT
S Incoterms 2010
EXW FCA
CPT
CIP
FAS
FOB
CFR
CIF
Bin
DAT
Nc XK Nc NK
Cng i Cng n
Vn ti
Quc t
Ngha v tng dn ca ngi bn
(cn c a im giao hng)
DDU
DAP
1) EXW EX WORKS ( Giao ti xng)
- Cch quy nh: EXW a im quy nh
EXW Toyota Vit Nam, Vnh phc, Vit Nam
Incoterms 2010
- Tng quan: Ri ro v hng ha s c chuyn t
ngi bn sang ngi mua k t khi ngi bn giao
hng cho ngi mua ti xng ca mnh
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi bn
- Chun b hng ho theo ng H, kim tra, bao b,
k m hiu
- Giao hng cha bc ln ptvt ca ngi bn
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi mua
- K H vn ti, tr cc chuyn ch hng ha
- Nhn hng, chu mi ri ro, chi ph lin quan ti hng ha k t
khi ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng.
- Thng quan xut khu, nhp khu
* Lu :
- Mi phng thc vn ti
- Thch hp vi giao dch ni a
- Cn c la chn iu kin EXW
+ Ngi mua c kh nng lm th tc thng quan, vn ti
+ Ngi mua c i din ti nc XK
+ Th trng thuc v ngi bn,
+ Thng c cc nh NK ln s dng khi mua hng t
nhng nh XK nh.
- Ngi bn thng khng c gi l ngi XK

FCA Free Carrier (Giao cho ngi
chuyn ch)
- Cch quy nh: FCA a im giao hng quy nh
FCA Sn bay Ni bi, Vit Nam Incoterms 2010.
- Tng quan: Ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng sau khi
giao hng cho ngi mua thng qua ngi vn ti u tin do ngi
mua ch nh ti a im quy nh.
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi bn
+ Giao hng cho ngi chuyn ch quy nh ti a im quy nh
nm trong nc ngi bn
+ Bc hng ln phng tin vn ti ca ngi mua nu a im
giao hng l ti c s ca mnh hoc giao hng cho ngi vn ti
trn phng tin vn ti ch n cha d ra nu giao ti mt a
im khc c s ca mnh (im khc bit gia Incoterms 2000 vi
Incoterms 1990)
+ Thng quan xut khu
+ Cung cp chng t giao hng.

- Ngha v chnh ca ngi mua
+ Ch nh ngi vn ti, k H vn ti v tr cc ph
+ Thng bo cho ngi bn v thi gian v a im
giao hng.
+ Chu mi ri ro v mt mt, h hng hng ha k t
khi ngi bn hon thnh vic giao hng cho ngi
chuyn ch do mnh ch nh.
- Lu :
+ Mi phng thc vn ti, c bit khi vn ti bng
container.
+ Nn s dng FCA thay FOB nu khng c nh
giao hng ln tu.
+ Vic phn chia ngha v bc d hng ha

CPT Carriage paid to : Cc ph tr
ti
Cch quy nh: CPT a im ch quy nh
CPT Noibai Airport, Vietnam Incoterms 2010
- Tng quan: ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng
sau khi giao cho ngi vn ti do chnh mnh thu
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi bn
+ Thng quan XK
+ Thu phng tin vn ti, tr cc, tr ph d hng
ti im ch nu chi ph ny c trong HVT.
+ Giao hng cho ngi vn ti m mnh ch nh
+ Cung cp bng chng giao hng

- Ngha v chnh ca ngi mua
+ Nhn hng, chu di chuyn ri ro
+ Chu mi chi ph v hng ha trn ng vn chuyn
cng nh chi ph d hng ti ni n nu nhng chi
ph ny cha nm trong cc ph vn ti.
- Lu :
- CPT dng cho mi phng thc vn ti k c vn ti
a phng thc
- Nn s dng CPT thay cho CFR nu khng c nh
giao hng ln tu.

CIP Carriage and Insurance paid to:
Cc ph v bo him tr ti.
- Cch quy nh: CIP a im ch quy nh
CIP Noibai airport, Vietnam Incoterms
2000
- Tng quan: iu kin ny hon ton tng
t vi CPT song ch khc l ngi bn c
thm ngha v mua bo him cho hng ha.
Vic mua bo him c thc hin tng t
nh iu kin CIF

DAT (Deliver at terminal) Giao ti
bn
DAT cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam Incoterms 2010
- Tng quan: Ngi bn chu mi ri ro v chi ph a
hng ti v d hng ti bn n quy nh
- Ngha v ngi bn:
- Thng quan XK
- Thu ptvt
- t hng ha d di s nh ot ca ngi mua
- Chng t giao hng
- Thng bo giao hng



- Ngha v ngi mua:
- Thng bo giao hng
- Nhn hng, nhn ri ro
- Thng quan NK


Chi ph do ngi bn chu
Chi ph do ngi mua chu
Ri ro do ngi mua chu
Ri ro do ngi bn chu
DAT
a im chuyn giao
DAP Deliver at Place (Giao ti ni
n)
- DAP Cng ty May 10, c Giang, Gia Lm, H Ni,
VN
- Tng quan: Ngi bn hon thnh giao hng khi t
hng ha di s nh ot ca ngi mua trn ptvt
cha d ti ni n quy nh
- Ngha v ngi bn:
- Thng quan XK
- Thu ptvt, tr cc v chi ph d nu thuc cc
- Giao hng ti ni n
- Chng t giao hng

- Ngha v ngi mua:
- Thng bo giao hng
- Thng quan NK
- Nhn hng, nhn di chuyn ri ro
- D hng, tr ph d nu khng thuc cc

DDP Delivered Duty Paid: giao hng
ti ch np thu.
- Cch quy nh: DDP a im ch quy nh
DDU Noibai airport, Vietnam Incoterms 2000
- Tng quan: Ngi bn chu mi chi ph v ri ro v
hng ha cho ti khi t hng ha thng quan nhp
khu di s nh ot ca ngi mua ti a im quy
nh nc ngi mua
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi bn
+ Thng quan XNK
+ Thu phng tin vn ti, tr cc, tr ph d nu
thuc cc
+ t hng ha di s nh ot ca ngi mua trn
phng tin vn ti, cha d xung
+ Cung cp chng t vn ti ngi mua nhn hng
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi mua
+ Nhn hng, chu di chuyn ri ro
+ D hng, tr ph d nu khng thuc cc
- Lu khi s dng DDP
- DDP thng c p dng khi ngi bn c sn phm
cnh tranh ti nc hng n
- Ngi mua trong iu kin DDP thng khng c
gi l ngi nhp khu
- Cm t np thu = Thng quan NK
- Nhng chi ph chnh thc


FAS Free Along Side Ship (giao dc
mn tu)
- Cch quy nh: FAS cng bc hng quy nh
FAS cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam Incoterms 2010
- Tng quan: Ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao
hng sau khi t hng dc mn con tu do ngi
mua ch nh ti cng bc hng
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi bn
- Thng quan xut khu (im khc bit gia
Incoterms 2000 vi Incoterms 1990)
- Giao hng dc mn tu
- Cung cp chng t giao hng
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi mua
- K kt hp ng vn ti thu tu, tr cc
- Tip nhn hng ha, chu di chuyn ri ro
- Lu :
- Hng ng trong container nn chuyn sang dng
FCA

FOB Free on board (giao hng trn
tu)
- Cch quy nh: FOB cng bc quy nh
FOB cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam Incoterms 2010
- Tng quan: Ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao
hng sau khi giao hng trn tu ti cng bc hng.
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi bn
- Lm th tc thng quan xut khu
- Giao hng trn tu
- Cung cp bng chng giao hng
- Tr ph bc hng ln tu nu ph ny khng bao gm
trong cc vn ti.
- Thng bo giao hng
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi mua
- K kt hp ng vn ti thu tu, tr cc ph v
chi ph bc hng nu chi ph ny thuc cc ph
- Thng bo giao hng
- Chu mi ri ro v mt mt v h hng hng ha
k t khi hng c giao ln tu
- Lu
- FOB ch s dng cho vn ti ng bin hoc
ng thy ni a
- C rt nhiu loi FOB
- Khng nn s dng nhng thut ng vn ti nh
FI, FO, FIO... (min bc/d...).
- Ch tp qun cng
- Ly B/L cng nhanh cng tt nhm trnh ri ro.
- Nn s dng FCA thay FOB nu khng c nh
giao hng trn tu.
CFR Cost and Freight (Tin hng v
cc)
- Cch quy nh: CFR cng n quy nh
CFR cng Hi phng, Vit Nam Incoterms 2010
- Tng quan: Ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng
sau khi giao hng trn tu ti cng bc hng.
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi bn:
- K kt hp ng vn ti thu tu, tr cc
- Thng quan xut khu hng ha
- Giao hng trn tu
- Cung cp chng t vn ti hon ho
- Tr chi ph d hng cng n nu tnh trong cc
vn chuyn.
- Ngha v chnh ca ngi mua
- Nhn hng, chu di chuyn ri ro
- Tr cc chi ph nu cha c tnh vo tin cc
- Thng quan NK
- Ngha v thu tu
- Thu theo quy nh ca HMB
- Thu theo Incoterms:
+ Thu mt con tu i bin (Seagoing Vessel)
+ Thu tu ph hp vi tnh cht ca hng ha
+ Tu i theo hnh trnh thng thng
+ Thu tu theo nhng iu kin thng thng

CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight
(tin hng, ph bo him v cc ph)
- Cch quy nh: CIF cng n quy nh
CIF cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam - Incoterms 2010.
- Tng quan: Bn cht ging CFR, khc bit duy
nht l ngi bn CIF c thm ngha v mua bo
him cho hng ho v cung cp chng t bo him
cho ngi mua.