Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cardiovascular Function
Regulation of Systemic Arterial Pressure
Neural regulation
Humoral regulation
Autoregulation
Long term and short term
regulation of BP
Neural Regulation
Contraction ↓
Parasympathetic Conduction ↓
Heart rate ↓
b. Cadiovascular Center
basic center, a
source of tonic
activity for
cardiovascular
system.
c. Cardiovascular Reflexes
Baroreceptor reflex
Sensors
The carotid sinus
Swellings in internal carotid artery
wall
Glossopharyngeal nerve to
cardiovascular center in medulla
Maintains normal BP in the brain
The aortic arch
Receptors in wall of ascending aorta
Vagus nerve to cardiovascular
center
Maintains general systemic BP
Control
Baroreceptors
summary
Vascular center
Heart
Source:
• Adrenal gland
• sympathetic terminals.
Binding receptors:
∀α & β
Circulating Epinephrine Causes:
(β 1 adrenoreceptor mediated)
Vasoconstriction in most systemic
arteries and veins
( α adrenoreceptors)
Vasodilatation in muscle and liver
vasculatures (β 2-adrenoceptor)
Circulating Norepinephrine Causes:
(β 1 adrenoreceptor mediated)
Vasoconstriction occurs
(α adrenoreceptors )
b. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
System
Renin
Angiotensin
Aldosterone
Functions of Angiotensin
Hypertension
Obesity
Diabetes
Heart failure
Atherosclerosis
Short Term Regulation
1. The baroreflex provides a mechanism for
second-to-second homeostatic regulation of
MAP, by bringing about instantaneous
autonomic-mediated reflex adjustments in
CO and TPR to restore normal MAP.
2. However, the baroreflex is inefficient in
long-term (minutes-days) regulation of MAP,
because the baroceptors adapt rapidly to
prolonged changes in MAP which changes the
set point for baroreceptor response.
Long Term Regulation
1. In the lomg-term, maintenance of MAP is totally
dependent on maintenance of constant blood
volume by the kidneys. Blood volume is a major
determinant of arterial blood pressure because it
influences venous return and, consequently CO.
2. This an increase in blood volume leads to increased
venous return which results in increased CO and
MAP. When blood volume increases, the
consequent increase in MAP leads to increased
filtration of blood by the kidneys, which results in
increased urinary excretion of sodium and water,
thereby reducing plasma volume and MAP. Thus
there is a reciprocal relationship between MAP and
blood volume.
Overall Blood Pressure Regulation
baroreceptors