CHNG 0: B TC

$1.Gii tch t hp.

1.Quy tc cng v quy tc nhn:
V d1: C 6 quyn sch ton, 5 quyn l, 4 quyn
ha c bao nhiu cch chn:
a. 1quyn. a. 1quyn.
b. Mt b gm 3 quyn ton ,l, ha.
1
Gii:b. Giai on 1: Chn ton c 6 cch.
Giai on 2:Chn l c 5 cch.
Giai on 3: Chn ha c 4 cch.
Suy ra: c 6.5.4 cch chn
Vy: Nu 1 cng vic gm nhiu giai on th s cch thc hin ton
b cng vic bng tch s cch ca tng giai on nhn vi nhau
a.Chi c 1 giai on,3 trng hp:Trng hp chn ton c 6
cch,trng hp chn l c 5 cch,trng hp chn ha c 4
cch . Suy ra: c 6+5+4 cch
Vy: Nu xt trong 1 giai on c nhiu trng hp th s cch
thc hin giai on bng tng s cch ca cc trng hp cng
2
Ghi nh: cc trng hp th cng ; cc giai on th nhn
2. Hon v: Mt hon v ca n phn t l mt cch sp c th
t n phn t khc nhau cho trc
!
n
P n =
thc hin giai on bng tng s cch ca cc trng hp cng
vi nhau
4. T hp (khng lp): Mt t hp khng lp chp k t n
phn t l mt cch chn khng k th t k phn t khc nhau
!
( 1) ... ( 1) , 0
( )!
k
n
n
A n n n k k n
n k
= + = s s

3. Chnh hp (khng lp): Mt chnh hp khng lp chp k t n

phn t l mt cch chn c k th t k phn t khc nhau t n
phn t khc nhau cho trc
3
4. T hp (khng lp): Mt t hp khng lp chp k t n
phn t l mt cch chn khng k th t k phn t khc nhau
t n phn t khc nhau cho trc
Ch : c k th t l chnh hp
khng k th t l t hp
!
, 0
! !( ) !
k
k
n
n
A n
C k n
k k n k
= = s s

nh l: s chnh hp lp chp k t n phn t l :

k
k
n
n A =
5.Chnh hp lp.
nh ngha: mt chnh hp lp chp k t n phn t l 1 cch chn
c k th t k phn t(c th ging nhau)t n phn t khc nhau
cho trc .
4
V d 2: c bao nhiu cch trao 1 gii nht, 1 gii nh, 1
gii ba trong mt cuc thi c 10 hc sinh gii tham gia.
Gii: vic trao gii chia thnh 3 giai on:
Gii nht: 10 cch
Gii nh: 9 cch
Gii 3 : 8 cch
Suy ra: c 10.9.8 cch
3
1 0
A =
V d 3: C bao nhiu cch chn mt i tuyn gm 3 hc
sinh t 10 hc sinh gii ca mt trng i thi cp qun.
Gii: C cch
V d 4: C bao nhiu cch xp 10 hc sinh gii vo 3 lp
3
1 0
C
5
V d 4: C bao nhiu cch xp 10 hc sinh gii vo 3 lp
hc mt cch ty .
Gii: 1 ngi c 3 cch chn vo 3 lp.
Suy ra c cch sp xp
10 10
3
3 A =
V d 5: C bao nhiu cch sp 10 ngi trong c A, B,
C, D ngi vo mt bn ngang sao cho:
a. A ngi cnh B.
b. A cnh B v C khng cnh D.
Gii: a. B A vi B lm mt suy ra cn li 9 ngi c 9! cch
sp. Do A v B c th i ch suy ra c 9!.2! cch
6
b. A cnh B, C khng cnh D =(A cnh B)-(A cnh B, C cnh D)
= 9!.2!-8!.2!.2!
$2.CHUI.
Tng ca chui ly tha:
ly o hm
, 1
1
m
k
k m
x
x x
x

=
= <

0
1
1
k
k
x
x

=
=

1
2
1
1
.
(1 )
k
k
k x
x

=
=

ly o hm
nhn vi x
ly o hm
2
1
(1 )
k
x
=

2
1
.
(1 )
k
k
x
k x
x

=
=

2 1
3
1
1
.
(1 )
k
k
x
k x
x

=
+
=

7
$3.Tch phn Poisson
( )
2
2
2
2
2
x a
e d x
o
o t

+


=
}
2
2
( )
2
2
2
2
x a
a
a
e d x
o
o t

+


= =
} }
a
2
2
2
u
e d u t
+

=
}
2
0
2
0
2
2
t
+


= =
} }
u
e d u
8
V d 6: Tnh
2 2
2 5
2
2
2 2 2
( )
4
2 5 ( 5 )
5
5
x xy y
f x e dy
x x
x xy y y
+ + +

=
+ + = + +
}
2 2 2
2 2
5 5 2
5
5
5 5 .
5
1 1
( ) . . . 2
5 5
x x u
x
u y du dy
f x e e du e t
+

= + =
= =
}
9
$4.Tch phn Laplace:
-hm mt Gauss(hm chn-HNH 3.1)
- tch phn Laplace (hm l-HNH 3.2)
2
2
1
( )
2
u
f u e
t

=
( )
2
2
0
1
2
u t
u e dt
t

u =
}
( )
0.5, 5 u u u = >
10
.tra xui: ( tra hng 1,9; ct 6 bng
phn Laplace).
.tra ngc: hng 1,6; gia ct 4 v ct 5 nn
( )
1, 9 6 0, 4 75 0 u =
( )
? 0, 45 u = e
1, 64 1, 65
?
2
+
=
( )
0.5, 5 u u u = >
$4.Tch phn Laplace (tt) :
.Tra xui bng my tnh:
ES : MODE STAT AC SH STAT DISTR Q
MS: MODE SD SH DISTR Q
( )
1, 96 (1. 96) 0, 4750 Q u = =
( )
1, 96 ( 1 . 9 6 ) 0, 4 7 5 0 Q u = =
11
( )
1, 96 ( 1 . 9 6 ) 0, 4 7 5 0 Q u = =
( ) | ( ) | Q u u = u
( ) ( )
2
2
1
( ) 0, 5
2
u t
u P u e dt u
t

u = = = + u
}
Hnh 3.1 Hnh 3.2
12