Do An Den Giao Thong

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BO CO N 2:
ti: Vit chng trnh iu khin n giao thng cho mt ng t theo 3 ch da
theo ng h thi gian thc tch hp trong PLC S7 200 CPU 224:
Yu cu:
1. Xy dng m hnh l thuyt cho n giao thng vi 3 ch lm vic da trn thi
gian thc t: ch lm vic bnh thng; ch lm vic u tin cho mt trc ng
v ch lm vic m khuya.
2. Tnh chn thit b thc t da trn m hnh xy dng.
3. Xy dng lu thut ton iu khin
4. Tm hiu v PLC S7 200, CPU224 ca hng Siemens; Vit chng trnh iu khin
cho m hnh n giao thng vi PLC .
5. Kt ni vi PLC vi m hnh m phng
6. Vit bo co n mn hc.
Ch : Chng trnh iu khin c vit di dng chng trnh c cu trc (t
chng trnh chnh gi cc chng trnh con tng ng vi cc ch lm vic ca
n giao thng).

http://www.ebook.edu.vn
THC HIN:
Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Th L H
Lp: LTC H DDT1 K2.

CC BC TIN HNH XY DNG N
PHN 1:
XY DNG M HNH L THUYT N GIAO THNG TI 1 NG T.
1. Phn tch m hnh v xy dng s lng n cho 1 ng t.
Bao gm:
- 04 cm n giao thng iu khin cho 1 giao l ca 2 hng ng
- 04 cm n iu khin giao thong cho phn ng ngi i b

B tr n giao thong ti ng t.

2. Gin thi gian cho cc ch lm vic.
y l cc chu k n c gi s. Khi trin khai thc t s c iu chnh cho ph hp
vi tng giao l c th. Vic thay i cc chu k n thc hin n gin trong phn mm
lp trnh.

1
1
2
2
1
1
1 1
2
2
2
2


Gin thi gian khi hot ng ch bnh thng
3s
H ng 1
H ng 2
3s
3s
3s
53s
53s
50s
53s
50s 50s
53s
50s
b
Xanh B
b
Xanh B

b
Xanh B
b
Xanh B

Gin thi gian khi hot ng ch u tin 1 ln ng
33s 33s
3s
70s
3s
70s
73s
3s
30s
73s
3s
30s
H ng 1
Xanh B Xanh B
b b
Xanh B
b
Xanh B
b
H ng 2


Gin thi gian khi hot ng ch ban m
3s
3s

Hng 1
Hng 2

PHN 2:
TNH CHN THIT B THC T.
Da vo cc phn tch v tnh ton trong phn 1 ta tnh ton s lng thit b v
chng loi nh sau:
S liu tnh ton s c iu chnh cho st vi thc t khi trin khai. y ch l cc
s liu phng on do sinh vin t a ra do khng c iu kin tip cn vi cc thit b
thc t ang bn trn th trng.

STT Tn thit b S
lng
Mc ch s dng
1 PLC: Simatic S7 200 Siemens CPU224 s
dng loi c u ra relay
01 b iu khin h thng
2 Rle in p cun ht AC220V, tip im
5A
10 b ng ct in cho cc
n Xanh, Vng,
cc chiu ng
3 n giao thng: Loi n iu khin xe
c gii c tch hp c iu khin phn
ng ngi i b
4 b
4 Hp ng thit b ch cho lp v i
dy cho cc thit b PLC, r le v mng i
dy.
S dng loi t c IP ph hp chng
chu iu kin ngoi tri.
1 ci

PHN 3:
LU THUT TON

Tha mn K thi
gian hot ng
trong ch thng
Tha mn K thi
gian hot ng
trong ch m
Begin
Read_RTC
c gi tr thi gian
thc trong PLC
So snh gi tr
Read_RTC vi cc
gi tr nh bng
TB1C
Chng trnh con
hot ng trong ch
thngC
Chng trnh con
hot ng trong ch
u tin 1 ln
ngC
Tha mn K thi gian hot
ng trong ch u tin 1
ln ng
Chng trnh con
hot ng trong ch
m khuayC
Cp tn hiu ng in cho cc n Xanh, Vng v
cc chiu ng tng ng.

Bng TB1: iu kin so snh kch hot ch n
STT Gi tc dng Ch tc dng Ghi ch
1 00h00 05h59 m khuya
2 06h00 08h59 Ch u tin 1 ln ng
3 09h00 16h59 Ch bnh thng
4 17h00 18h59 Ch u tin 1 ln ng
5 19h00 21h59 Ch bnh thng
6 22h00 23h59 m khuya

Vn n nh thi gian trong cc chu k lm vic cho cc n Xanh, l ht sc
quan trng nn khi chuyn ch lm vic t ch Bnh thng qua ch u tin 1 ln
ng v ngc li phi c thc hin khng gy sai chu k n (lon chu k) dn ti
hn lon trong tham gia giao thng. Trong phn trin khai lp trnh s c cc bin php
hn ch ti a mi trng hp c th dn ti lon chu k n.

PHN 4:
MC 1: TM HIU V PLC S7-200, CPU224 CA SIEMENS
Do lng kin thc v PLC S7-200 l rt ln khng th khi qut trong mt vi trang
giy (30 trang bao gm tt c nh yu cu ca u bi) nn sinh vin s ch khi qut cc
thng tin ht sc ngn gn m khng i vo chi tit nhm gii thiu v PLC S7 -200
CPU224 v cc thng s ph hp vi mc ch ca n l iu khin mt h thng
n giao thng ti mt ng t.

I. GII THIU V PLC S7-200

PLC l t vit tt ca Programable Logic Controller, y l thit b iu khin logic
lp trnh c, n cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin logic thng qua
mt ngn ng lp trnh.
S7-200 l thit b ca hng Siemens, cu trc theo kiu modul c cc modul m
rng. Thnh phn c bn ca S7-200 l khi vi x l CPU212, CPU214, CPU224.
1) Cu trc ca CPU224 gm:
4096 t n (Word) lu chng trnh thuc min b nh ghi/c c v
khng b mt d liu nh c giao din vi EEPROM.
2560 t n lu d liu.
14 cng vo logic v 10 cng ra logic
C th ghp ni thm 7 modul m rng
Tng s cng vo ra cc i l 128 cng vo v 128 cng ra.
256 b to thi gian tr, trong c 4 timer c phn gii 1ms, 16 timer c
phn gii 10ms, 236 timer c phn gii 100ms.
256 b m c chia lm 2 loi, mt loi ch m ln (CTU), mt loi va m
ln va m xung (CTUD).
256 bit nh c bit ( l u t r ng t hi bng t hoc pi n) v 112 b t ( l u
t r ong EEPROM) dng lm cc bit trng thi hoc cc bit c ch lm
vic.
2 u vo tng t phn gii 8 bit

Tc thc hin lnh: 0.37s cho 1 lnh logic
Tch hp ng h thi gian thc.
Tch hp cng truyn thng RS-485
C cc ch ngt: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn xung, ngt theo thi gian
v ngt bo hiu ca b m tc cao
D liu khng b mt trong khong thi gian 190gi k t khi PLC b mt in.
2) M t cc n bo trn PLC S7-200:
n SF: n sng khi PLC ang lm vic bo hiu h thng b hng hc.
n xanh RUN: n xanh sng ch nh PLC ang ch lm vic.
n vng STOP: n sng thng bo PLC ang trng thi dng. Dng tt c
chng trnh ang thc hin.
n xanh Ix.x : n sng bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu ca cng vo ang mc logic
1 ngc li l mc logic 0.
n xanh Qx.x : n sng bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu theo gi tr logic ca cng ra
ang mc logic 1, ngc li l mc logic 0.
3) Cng truyn thng RS-485:
Chn 1: ni t.
Chn 2: ni ngun 24VDC.

Chn 3: truyn v nhn d liu.
Chn 4: khng s dng.
Chn 5: t
Chn 6: ni ngun 5VDC
Chn 7: ni ngun 24VDC.
Chn 8: Truyn v nhn d liu.
Chn 9: khng s dng.
5 4 3 2 1

9 8 7 6
4) Cc u im ca PLC so vi mch in u dy thun tu:
- Kch c nh.
- Thay i thit k d dng v nhanh khi c yu cu v k thut,qui trnh cng ngh.
- C chc nng chn on li v ghi .
- Cc ng dng ca S7-200 c th dn chng bng ti liu.
- Cc ng dng c phn b nhn bn nhanh chng v thun tin.
- S7-200 c th iu khin hng lt cc ng dng khc nhau trong t ng ho. Vi
cu trc nh gn,c kh nng m rng, gi r v mt tp lnh Simatic mnh ca S7-

200 l mt li gii hon ho cho cc bi ton t ng ho va v nh. Ngoi ra S7-
200 cn c cc u im sau y :
+ Ci t, vn hnh n gin.
+ Cc CPU c th s dng trong mng,trong h thng phn tn hc s dng n l.
+ C kh nng tch hp trn qui m ln.
+ ng dng cho cc iu khin n gin v phc tp.
+ Truyn thng mnh.

5) Cc thnh phn ca mt PLC dng S7-200 CPU224

M hnh kt ni PLC v my tnh

6) Kt ni PLC vi my tnh lp trnh v np chng trnh

n bo trng
thi hot ng
ca PLC


7) Phn mm lp trnh cho PLC dng S7-200

II. CU TRC B NH
1) Phn chia b nh:
B nh ca S7- 200 c chia thnh 4 vng vi 1 t c nhim v duy tr d
liu trong khong thi gian nht nh khi mt ngun cung cp.
B nh c tnh nng ng cao, c v ghi c trong ton vng, loi tr phn
cc bit nh c bit. Bn vng nh gm:
- Vng chng trnh: l min b nh c s dng lu gi cc lnh chng trnh.
Vng ny thuc kiu nn-vlatile.
- Vng tham s: l min lu gi cc tham s nh: t kh, a ch trmN
thuc kiu nn-vlatile.
- Vng d liu: l min nh ng, c th truy cp theo tng bit, tng byte, tng t n
v t kp. c dng lu tr cc thut ton, cc hm truyn thng, lp bng , cc
hm dch chuyn, xoay vng thanh ghi, con tr a ch. Vng d liu c chia thnh
nhiu min nh nh vi cc chc nng khc nhau.
V Variable memory
I Input image register
O Output image register
M Internal memory bits
SM Special memory bits
- Vng i tng: c s dng lu tr cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc gi tr
tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m, hay Timer. D liu kiu i tng ba gm cc
thanh ghi ca Timer, b m, cc b m tc cao, b m v/ra tng t v cc
thanh ghi Accumulator (AC). Vng i tng cng c phn ra thnh nhiu vng nh.

2) a ch cc vng nh ca S7-200 CPU 224
u vo (Input): I0.0I0.7; I1.0I1.5; I2.0I2.7
u ra (Output): Q0.0Q0.7; Q1.0Q1.1
B m o u vo: I0.0I15.7 (128 u vo)
B m o u ra: Q0.0Q15.7 (128 u ra)
u vo tng t: AIW0AIW62
u ra tng t: AQW0AQW62
Vng nh V: VB0VB5119
Vng nh L: LB0LB63
Vng nh M: M0.0 M31.7

Vng nh SM: SM0.0 549.7
SM0.0 SM29.7 (read-only)
Vng nh Timer: T0T255
Vng nh Counter: C0C255
Vng nh b m tc cao: HC0 HC5
Vng nh trng thi (Lgc tun t): S0.0 S31.7
Vng nh thanh ghi tng: AC0 AC3
Kh nng qun l Label: 0 255
Kh nng qun l chng trnh con: 0 63
Kh nng m rng chng trnh ngt: 0 127

III. THC HIN CHNG TRNH TRONG PLC S7- 200 V CU TRC
MT CHNG TRNH
1) Chu trnh thc hin 1 chng trnh
PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu trnh lp. Mi chu trnh c gi l mt
vng qut (scan). Mi vng qut bt u t giai on c d liu t cc cng v vng
m o, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh.
Trong vng qut chng trnh c thc hin bng lnh u tin v kt thc
bng lnh kt thc (MEND).
Sau giai n thc hin chng trnh l giai on truyn thng ni b v kim
li. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on chuyn cc ni dung t b m o ti cc
cng
ra.

Trong qu trnh thc hin chng trnh nu gp lnh v ra ngay lp tc th h
thng s dng tt c mi cng vic ang thc hin, ngay c chng trnh x l ngt
thc hin lnh ny mt cch trc tip vi cng v ra.
Cc chng trnh x l ngt ch c thc hin trong vng qut khi xut hin
tn hiu bo ngt v c th xy ra bt c im n trng vng qut.

2) Cu trc chng trnh trong PLC S7-200
Cc chng trnh trong PLC S7-200 c cu trc bao gm chng trnh chnh
(main program) v sau n cc chng trnh con v cc chng trnh x l ngt.
Chng trnh chnh c kt thc bng lnh kt thc chng trnh MEND.

Chng trnh con l mt b phn ca chng trnh chnh v c vit sau lnh
kt thc chng trnh chnh.
Chng trnh x l ngt l mt b phn ca chng trnh chnh. Nu cn s
dng th chng trnh x l ngt phi vit sau lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh.

INT n Chng trnh x l ngt th n
.
.
. RET
Thc hin khi c
tn hiu ngt

IV. NGN NG LP TRNH CHO S7-200
C ba phng php lp trnh cho PLC S7-200 hng Siemens l:
- Lader Logic vit tt LAD
- Statement List vit tt STL
- Function Block Diagram (FBD).
1) Phng php lp trnh LAD
LAD l ngn ng lp trnh ho. Cc thnh phn c bn dng trong LAD
tng ng vi cc thnh phn ca bng iu khin bng rle. Trong LAD cc phn t
c bn dng biu din lnh logic nh sau:
Tip im m t cc tip im ca rle. Cc tip im c th l:
Tip im thng m

Tip im thng kn

Hp: biu tng cho nhiu hm khc nhau, n lm vic khi c dng in chy
qua n. Cc hm c biu din bng hp: Timer, Counter v cc hm ton hc.
Cun dy , m t rle v c mc theo chiu dng in cung
cp.
2) Ngn ng STL
Phng php lit k l phng php th hin chng trnh di dng tp hp cc
cu lnh. Phng php ny cho php ngi lp trnh to ra cc chng trnh m vit
bng ngn ng LAD hoc FBD khng vit c do mt s hn ch ca 2 ngn ng ny.
Ngn ng ny c dng ging vi ngn ng lp trnh Assembly
3) Ngn ng FBD
Ngn ng FBD hin th cc i tng lp trnh bng cc cng logic.

PHN 4:
MC 2: LP TRNH IU KHIN
Cc phn ch thch v gii thch cho vic s dng cc thnh phn trong mt
network s c vit trong phn comment ca network . Cc yu cu gii thch thm v
chi tit hn sinh vin s bo v trn slide theo yu cu ca gio vin.

(In km theo bo co)

PHN 5:
S U NI

S KT NI PLC

S U DY CHO N GIAO THNG V CC TIP IM R LE

X1
n xanh 1
V1
n vng 1
1
n 1
XB1
n xanh b 1
B1
n b 1
X2
n xanh 2
V2
n vng 2
2
n 2
XB2
n xanh b 2
B2
n b 2
L
N

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