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Bin tp bi:
Nguyn Tun Hng
Bi ging k thut in
Bin tp bi:
Nguyn Tun Hng
Cc tc gi:
Nguyn Tun Hng
MC LC
1. Mch in v o lng in
1.1. NHNG KHI NIM C BN V MCH IN
1.2. DNG IN HNH SIN
1.3. CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH MCH IN
1.4. MCH IN BA PHA
1.5. O LNG IN
2. My in
2.1. KHI NIM CHUNG V MY IN
2.2. MY BIN P
2.3. MY IN KHNG NG B
2.4. MY IN NG B
2.5. MY IN MT CHIU
3. Th nghim K thut in
3.1. TH NGHIM K THUT IN
Tham gia ng gp
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Mch in v o lng in
NHNG KHI NIM C BN V MCH IN
NHNG KHI NIM C BN V MCH IN
MCH IN, KT CU HNH HC CA MCH IN
Mch in
Mch in l tp hp cc thit b in ni vi nhau bng cc dy dn (phn t dn) to
thnh nhng vng kn trong dng in c th chy qua. Mch in thng gM cc
loi phn t sau: ngun in, ph ti (ti), dy dn.
Hnh 1.1.a
Ngun in: Ngun in l thit b pht ra in nng. V nguyn l, ngun in l thit
b bin i cc dng nng lng nh c nng, ha nng, nhit nng thnh in nng.
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Hnh 1.1.b
Ti: Ti l cc thit b tiu th in nng v bin i in nng thnh cc dng nng
lng khc nh c nng, nhit nng, quang nng vv. (hnh 1.1.c)
Hnh 1.1.c
Dy dn: Dy dn lM bng kiM loi (ng, nhM ) dng truyn ti in nng t
ngun n ti.
Kt cu hnh hc ca Mch in
a. Nhnh: Nhnh l Mt on Mch gM cc phn t ghp ni tip nhau, trong c
cng Mt dng in chy t u ny n u kia.
b. Nt: Nt l iM gp nhau ca t ba nhnh tr ln.
c. Vng: Vng l li i khp kn qua cc nhnh.
d. Mt li : vng M bn trong khng c vng no khc
CC I LNG C TRNG QU TRNH NNG LNG
TRONG MCH IN
c trng cho qu trnh nng lng cho Mt nhnh hoc Mt phn t ca Mch in
ta dng hai i lng: dng in i v in p u.
Cng sut ca nhnh: p = u.i
Dng in
Dng in i v tr s bng tc bin thin ca lng in tch q qua tit din ngang
Mt vt dn: i = dq/d
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Hnh 1.2.a
Chiu dng in quy c l chiu chuyn ng ca in tch dng trong in trng.
in p
Hiu in th (hiu th) gia hai iM gi l in p. in p gia hai iM
A v B:
uAB = uA- uB
Chiu in p quy c l chiu t iM c in th cao n iM c in th thp.
Chiu dng dng in v in p
Hnh 1.2.b
Khi gii Mch in, ta ty v chiu dng in v in p trong cc nhnh gi l chiu
dng. Kt qu tnh ton nu c tr s dng, chiu dng in (in p) trong nhnh y
trng vi chiu v, ngc li, nu dng in (in p) c tr s M, chiu ca chng
ngc vi chiu v.
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Cng sut
Trong Mch in, Mt nhnh, Mt phn t c th nhn nng lng hoc pht nng
lng.
p = u.i > 0 nhnh nhn nng lng
p = u.i < 0 nhnh pht nnglng
n v o ca cng sut l W (Ot) hoc KW
M HNH MCH IN, CC THNG S
Mch in thc bao gM nhiu thit b in c thc. Khi nghin cu tnh ton trn Mch
in thc, ta phi thay th Mch in thc bng M hnh Mch in.
M hnh Mch in gM cc thng s sau: ngun in p u (t) hoc e(t), ngun dng
in P (t), in tr R, in cM L, in dung C, h cM M.
NGUN IN P V NGUN DNG IN
Ngun in p
Ngun in p c trng cho kh nng to nn v duy tr Mt in p trn hai cc ca
ngun.
Hnh 1.3.1.a
Hnh 1.3.1.b
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Ngun dng in
Ngun dng in P (t) c trng cho kh nng ca ngun in to nn v duy tr Mt
dng in cung cp cho Mch ngoi ( hnh 1.3.1.c)
Hnh 1.3.1.c
IN TR R
in tr R c trng cho qu trnh tiu th in nng v bin i in nng sang dng
nng lng khc nh nhit nng, quang nng, c nng vv.
Quan h gia dng in v in p trn in tr : uR =R.i (hnh1.3.2.)
n v ca in tr l W (M)
Cng sut in tr tiu th: p = Ri2
Hnh 1.3.2
in dn G: G = 1/R. n v in dn l SiMen (S)
in nng tiu th trn in tr trong khong thi gian t :
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IN CM L
Khi c dng in i chy trong cun dy W vng s sinh ra t thng Mc vng vi cun
dy
(hnh 1.3.3)
in cM ca cuc dy:
n v in cM l Henry (H).
Nu dng in i bin thin th t thng cng bin thin v theo nh lut cM ng in
t trong cun dy xut hin sc in ng t cM:
Hnh 1.3.3
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IN DUNG C
Khi t in p uc hai u t in (hnh 1.3.4), s c in tch q tch ly trn bn t
in.:
Ta c:
Hnh 1.3.4
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NH LUT KICHP 1
Tng i s cc dng in ti Mt nt bng khng: i=0
trong thng quy c cc dng in c chiu i ti nt Mang du dng, v cc dng
in c chiu ri khi nt th Mang du M hoc ngc li.
V d : Ti nt A hnh 1.5.1, nh lut Kichp 1 c vit:
i1 + i 2 i3 i4 = 0
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Hnh 1.5.1
NH LUT KICHP 2
i theo Mt vng khp kn, theo Mt chiu dng ty , tng i s cc in p ri
trn cc phn t R ,L, C bng tng i s cc sc in ng c trong vng; trong
nhng sc in ng v dng in c chiu trng vi chiu dng ca vng s Mang
du dng, ngc li Mang du M.
V d: i vi vng kn trong hnh 1.5.2, nh lut Kichp 2:
Hnh 1.5.2
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Ta c:
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v vct in p
Tng hay hiu ca cc hM sin c biu din bng tng hay hiu cc vc t tng ng.
nh lut Kichp 1 di dng vc t:
S phc c 2 dng:
Dng s M:
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Dng i s:
Nhn s phc vi P
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Z = R +PX
M un ca tng tr phc k hiu l z:
Tng dn phc:
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Ta c: P = URI = RI2
n v ca cng sut tc dng l W (ot) hoc KW
DNG IN HNH SIN TRONG NHNH THUN IN CM
Khi dng in i = IMaxsinWt qua in cM L (hnh 2.6.a), in p trn in cM:
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L gi l cM khng.
Biu din vct dng in I v in p UL (hnh 2.6.b)
Hnh 2.6
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Ta c:
Kt lun:
T th vct ta c:
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Trong :
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Hnh 2.8.2
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Cng sut tc dng P c th c tnh bng tng cng sut tc dng trn cc in tr
ca cc nhnh ca Mch in:
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(*)
Mt khc cng sut phn khng QC ca t:
(**)
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Hnh 3.2
(A)
in p phc nhnh CD:
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Mc song song
Cc tng tr Z1, Z2, Z3 c Mc song song
p dng nh lut kichp 1 ti nt A:
(1)
Mc khc :
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c:
Ta c: Yt = Y1 +Y2 +Y3
Kt lun: Tng dn tng ng ca cc nhnh song song bng tng cc tng dn cc
phn t trn cc nhnh.
Cng thc tng qut:
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Bin i sao - taM gic (Y - delta) v taM gic sao ( delta -Y)
Bin i t hnh sao sang taM gic (Y - delta):
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Bi tp:
Cho Mch in nh hnh v 3.4
Cho bit:
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Hnh 3.4
Gii Mch n bng phng php dng in nhnh
Mch in c 2 nt (n = 2) v 3 nhnh (M =3)
Chn chiu dng in nhnh I1,I2 , I3 v chiu dng cho vng a, b ( hnh 3.4)
Vit phng trnh Kichp 1 cho nt B:
Vng b:
Kt lun
Nhc iM ca phng php dng in nhnh l gii h nhiu phng trnh vi nhiu
n s.
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Vng b:
Nhnh 2:
Nhnh 3:
Kt lun
Phng php dng in vng c u iM l gii h t phng trnh, t n s hn phng
php dng in nhnh, thng c s dng gii bi ton Mch in phc tp
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Hnh 3.6
Chng Minh cng thc tng qut :
Nhnh 2:
Nhnh 3:
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Thay s vo ta c:
Nhnh 1 :
Nhnh 2:
Nhnh 3:
Kt lun:
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Phng php in p hai nt thch hp gii cho Mch in c nhiu nhnh nhng ch c
hai nt.
Thut ton:
Ch cho ngun 1 lM vic, cc ngun 2,3,...n ngh. Gii Mch th nht
ny tM thnh phn I1 ca dng I cn tM
Tip tc vi cc ngn 2,3, ..n., ta tM c cc thnh phn I2,I3, ...In ca I.
Khi c n ngun cng lM vic, dng I cn tM l: I = I1 +I2 +I3 +I4 +........+ In.
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MCH IN BA PHA
MCH IN BA PHA
KHI NIM CHUNG V MCH IN BA PHA
Vic truyn ti in nng bng Mch in ba pha tit kiM c dy dn hn vic truyn
ti bng dng in Mt pha ng thi h thng in ba pha c cng sut ln hn
ng c in ba pha c cu to n gin v c tnh tt hn ng c Mt pha.
to ra ngun in ba pha ta dng My pht in ng b ba pha.
Ta xt cu to ca My pht in ng b ba pha n gin :
Phn tnh gM 6 rnh, trong cc rnh t ba dy qun AX, BY, CZ c cng s vng dy
v lch nhau Mt gc 2p/3 trong khng gian.
Dy qun AX gi l pha A, dy qun BY gi l pha B, dy qun CZ l pha C.
Phn quay l naM chM vnh cu c 2 cc N S
eA+eB+eC=0 hoc
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Ta c:
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V ln:
UAB = UBC = UCA = Ud =
Up
V pha, in p dy UAB , UBC , UCA lch pha nhau Mt gc 1200 v vt trc in
p pha tng ng Mt gc 300 .
Nt B:
Nt C':
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T th hnh 4.3.b ta c :
IA = I B = I C = I d
IAB = IBC = ICA = Ip
V tr s dng in dy ta c :
V pha, dng in dy IA, IB, IC lch pha nhau Mt gc 1200 v chM pha so vi dng
in pha tng ng Mt gc 300
Cng sut tc dng ba pha vit theo i lng dy, p dng cho c trng hp ni sao
v ni taM gic i xng:
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Ti ni hnh sao: Id = Ip
Dng in dy:
Khi c xt tng tr ng dy
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Dng in dy Id:
Dng in pha ca ti :
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Hnh 4.6.1.a
Dng phng php in p hai nt, in p gia hai iM trung tnh O v O:
trong YA= 1/ZA; YB=1/ ZB; YC=1/ ZC; Y0=1/ Z0 l tng dn phc cc pha ti v dy
trung tnh .
V ngun i xng:
Pha B:
Pha C:
Nu xt n tng tr Zd ca cc dy dn pha
Phng php tnh ton vn nh trn nhng vi:
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Pha B:
Pha C:
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Hnh 4.6.2
Ngun in c in p dy l UAB, UBC, UCA
Nu khng xt tng tr cc dy dn pha (Zd =0) in p t ln cc pha ti l in p
dy ngun. Dng in trn cc pha ti:
Ti nt B:
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Ti nt C:
Cch ni ng c in ba pha
Khi thit k ngi ta quy nh in p cho Mi dy qun. V d ng c ba pha c
in p nh Mc cho Mi dy qun pha l 220V (Up =220), do trn nhn hiu ca
ng c ghi l d/Y ~ 220/380 V . Nu ta ni ng c vo lM vic Mng in c in
p dy l 380 V th ng c phi ni hnh sao
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Tuy nhin lc chn thit b trong sinh hot, ta cn chn in p thit b bng in p
pha.
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O LNG IN
O LNG IN
NHNG KHI NIM CHUNG V O LNG IN
nh ngha
o lng l Mt qu trnh nh gi nh lng i lng cn o vi n v ca i
lng o
Phn loi cch thc hin php o
o trc tip
Cch o M kt qu nhn c trc tip t Mt php o duy nht
o gin tip
Cch o M kt qu c suy ra t s phi hp kt qu ca nhiu php o dng nhiu
cch o trc tip
Sai s tng i
T s gia sai s tuyt i v gi tr o c tnh bng phn trM:
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XM l tr s nh Mc ca thang o tng ng
Sai s phng ph p
Sai s sinh ra do s khng hon thin ca phng php o v s khng chnh xc biu
thc l thuyt cho ta kt qu ca i lng o
Sai s thit b
Sai s ca thit b o s dng trong php o, lin quan n cu trc, tnh trng ca dng
c o
Sai s ch qua n
Sai s gy ra do ngi s dng. V d nh Mt kM, do cu th, do c lch
Sai s h thn g
Thnh phn sai s ca php o lun khng i hay l thay i c quy lut khi o nhiu
ln Mt i lng o
Cp chnh xc ca dng c o
C CU BIN I IN C
nh ngha
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C cu kiu t in
C cu kiu in t
C cu kiu in ng
C cu kiu cM ng
C cu kiu tnh in
C CU O KIU T IN
Cu to
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Ch to o dng in v in p Mt chiu: vn k, M pe k.
o cc dng, p tr s nh nh: in k, MiliMpek, Milivolk.
o in tr : M Mt, MgMt
Ch to ng h vn nng.
C CU O KIU IN T
Cu to
C cu gM 2 loi chnh: kiu cun dy phng v kiu cun dy trn
Ta xt c cu kiu cun dy phng nh hnh 5.2.2
-
Li thp (2)
B phn cn du (4)
Hnh 5.2.2
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Nguyn l lM vic
Khi cho dng in cn o I vo cun dy 1, l st t 3 s b y lM kiM quay i Mt
gc a. Trong cun dy c tch ly nng lng t trng:
WM = LI2 /2
L: in cM ca cun dy
Mi quan h gia gc lch ca kiM ch th a vi dng in cn o I:
a = SI2
S: nhy ca c cu o
c. c iM v ng dng
u iM :
- o c dng xoay chiu v Mt chiu
- Kh nng qu ti ln do tit din dy qun ln, o c dng v p ln
- Cu to n gin
Nhc iM :
- T trng bn thn yu, b nh hng ca t trng ngoi. Do tn hao phu c v t
tr, nn chnh xc khng cao, nhy thp.
- Thang o chia khng u.
ng dng: Ch to cc aMpe k v vn k Mt chiu v xoay chiu
C CU O KIU IN NG
Cu to
- Phn tnh l cun dy (1 ) gM hai na cun dy t cnh nhau to ra khong
khng gian c t trng tng i u, qun dy tit din ln.
- Phn ng l cun dy (2 ) c tit din nh t trong lng cun dy tnh.
Ngoi ra cn c l xo v b phn cn du
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Nguyn l lM vic
Dng in cn o c a vo cun dy 1( I1) v 2 (I2) to nn 2 t trng y nhau,
gy nn MMen quay. Nng lng t trng tch ly trong 2 cun dy:
WM = L1I12/2 +L2I22/2 + MI1.I2
L1,L2 : in cM ca hai cun dy; M: h cM gia hai cun dy
Mi quan h gia gc lch kiM ch th a vi 2 dng in cn o:
a = S. I1 I2
trong S l nhy ca c cu o
Nu I1= I2 =I suy ra a =S I2
c iM v ng dng
u iM :
- Khng c li thp nn khng c tn hao st t, nn chnh xc cao, ch to dng c
o vi cp chnh xc n 0.05.
- o c dng Mt chiu v xoay chiu.
Nhc iM :
- Cun dy (2) c tit din nh, nn kh nng qu ti kM.
- Cu to phc tp
- T trng ca c cu o b nh hng bi t trng ngoi.
ng dng:
Ch to vn k, aMpe k Mt chiu v xoay chiu v ch to dng c o
cng sut (ot k) l ch yu .
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C CU O KIU CM NG
Cu to ( hnh v 5.2.4)
-
Hnh 5.2.4
Nguyn l lM vic
Cho dng in I1 v I2 vo hai cun dy (2) v(3) sinh ra t thng fi1 v fi2 lch nhau
gc y . MMen lM cho a nhM quay: Mq = Cfi.fi1.fi2 siny
Hai cun dy phn tnh ln lt o dng I v in p U cho nn:
fi1 ~U ; fi2 ~I ; gc lch pha P gia U v I ( v U nhanh pha so vi fi1 gc 90 , I cng
pha vi fi2 ) cho nn P = y+900
Mq = Cfi.fi1.fi2 sin xp x y KU.I.cosP = KP
Nh vy MMen quay t l vi cng sut P M ti tiu th .
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c iM v ng dng
- iu kin MMen quay l phi c hai t trng
- MMen quay ph thuc tn s dng in
- Ch lM vic trong Mch in xoay chiu
ng dng: Ch to cng t o in nng
O DNG IN V O IN P
O DNG IN
o dng in bng cch Mc aMpe k ni tip vi ph ti c dng in cn o chy
qua. in tr trong ca aMpe k cng nh cng tt
M rng thang o Mt chiu, ngi ta dng in tr sn (shunt) Rs ni song song
vi c cu o
Ta c I = IS+IA
K = I/IA = RA /RS + 1
K: h s M rng thang o.
Thay i RS ta c cc h s M rng thang o khc nhau
RA /RS = 9;99; 999 suy ra K = 10;100;1000;...
Dng i qua c cu ch bng 1/10; 1/100;1/1000; .. vi dng cn o.
o dng xoay chiu dng cc aMpeMt in t hay in ng.
Vi dng xoay chiu ta dng My bin dng M rng thang o.
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AMpeMt in t M rng thang o bng cch chia cun dy tnh ra nhiu on bng
nhau v tu thuc vic Mc ni tip hay song song ( hnh 5.3.1.b )
Khi cn o dng xoay chiu bng dng c o t in ngi ta phi chnh lu dng xoay
chiu thnh Mt chiu
Hnh 5.3.1.b
O IN P
o in p ngi ta dng vn k Mc song song vi Mch in c in p cn o.
kt qu o chnh xc th in tr vn k cng ln cng tt.
M rng thang o bng cch Mc thM in tr ph ni tip vi vn k
Gi k= U/UV : h s M rng thang o.
k = U/UV = 1+Rp/Rv
Thay i Rp c th t c cc gi tr k khc nhau
Khi o in p U ln M rng thang o ngi ta dng My bin p in p.
O CNG SUT
Dng c o cng sut l Ot k (ot Mt), n v ca cng sut l Ot (W).
O CNG SUT TRONG MCH IN SIN MT PHA
Ot Mt hay dng c o cng sut thng ch to theo c cu kiu in ng
Nguyn l hot ng:
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O IN TR
o gin tip
o in tr ta dng AMpe k o dng in I v vnk o in p U.
in tr cn o: Rx = U/I
Ta c Rx +RA = U/I, in tr aMpek gy sai s php o.
Ta c: I = U/Rx + U/Rv suy ra Rx = 1/ (I/U 1/Rv)
in tr vn k gy nn sai s php o, dng o in tr c gi tr nh
o bng M k (hnh 5.5.2)
Hnh 5.5.2
M k dng o cc in tr c gi tr nh
Cu to:
- Ngun pin E
- C cu ch th kiu t in Rcc
- Rbt - in tr dng iu chnh v tr khng.
- Rx - in tr cn o
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Cu o in tr
in tr cn o l Rx l Mt nhnh ca cu, cc in tr R1, R2, R3 c th iu chnh
c. iu chnh cc in tr R1, R2, R3 cho in k G ch khng, cu cn bng:
Rx/R2 = R3/R1 suy ra Rx =R2. R3/R1
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Chuyn i o lng
Chc nng bin cc i lng cn o khc nhau thnh cc i lng in
C nhiu cch chuyn i:
Chuyn i in tr
Chuyn i in t
Chuyn i in dung
Chuyn i nhit in
Mt vi b chuyn i:
Chuyn i in tr
-
Bin tr
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Chuyn i in tr lc cng
Hnh 5.6.1.c
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Hnh 5.6.1.d
eM hn hai thanh kiM loi khng ng cht I v II, nhit t1 v t0 khc nhau dn n
xut hin sc in ng trong Mch gi l sc nhit in ng
Tr s sc nhit in ng ph thuc chnh lch nhit hai u t1, t0 . C cu dng
o nhit .
MT S MCH O LNG CC I LNG KHNG IN
o ng sut
Ta dn chuyn i in tr lc cng ln iM cn o v l Mt nhnh ca Mch cu nh
hnh 5.6.2.a
S bin thin ca in p ra trn ng cho c khuch i v a vo c cu o
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Hnh 5.6.2.a
o s di chuyn ( nh hnh 5.6.2.b)
Hnh 5.6.2.b
S di chuyn ca vt th dn n s thay i khong cch 2 bn cc ca t C, dn n
thay i in dung C, bin thin in p v tn hiu c a ra c cu o. C cu o s
c khc vch khong di chuyn tng ng.
O LNG S
Nguyn l ca ch th s
i lng o x(t) sau khi qua b bin i thnh xung (BX). S xung c c a
vo b M ha (MH) c s 2 sau n b gii M (GM) v a ra b hin s nh
hnh 5.7.1
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Hnh 5.7.1
Thit b hin s
C nhiu loi thit b hin s quang hc khc nhau nhng dng ph bin nht l b
hin s bng LED ghp 7 thanh v loi tinh th lng. it pht quang l cht bn dn
pht sng khi t vo in p Mt chiu, cn tinh th lng di tc dng ca in p s
chuyn pha t trng thi trong sut sang trng thi M v ta c th nhn thy Mu sc
nn ng sau.
Tinh th lng tiu th cng sut rt nh (0,1Ma Mt thanh) cn it pht quang l
10MA.
Cc thit b k thut s dng M c s 2. c thng tin o th hin ra bn ngoi ta
bin i M c s 2 thnh M c s 10
Hnh 5.7.2
Thit b lM nhiM v ny l b gii M
Ngi ta s dng 7 vch t a n g b tr nh hnh 5.7.2 . Nu tt c cc vch u sng
ta nhn c s 8.
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My in
KHI NIM CHUNG V MY IN
KHI NIM CHUNG V MY IN
NH NGHA V PHN LOI
nh ngha
My in l thit b in t, nguyn l lM vic da vo hin tng cM ng in t.
My in dng bin i dng nng lng nh c nng thnh in nng (My pht
in) hoc ngc li bin i in nng thnh c nng (ng c in), hoc dng
bin i thng s in nng nh bin i in p, dng in (My bin p, My bin
dng), tn s (My bin tn).
Phn loi
My in c nhiu loi v c nhiu cch phn loi khc nhau, v d phn loi theo cng
sut, theo cu to, theo chc nng, theo loi dng in, theo nguyn l lM vic v.v
Trong chng ny phn loi da theo nguyn l bin i nng lng nh sau:
My in tnh
My in tnh l My in lM vic da vo hin tng cM ng in t do s bin
thin t thng gia cc cun dy khng c s chuyn ng tng i vi nhau
My in c phn quay
Nguyn l lM vic da vo hin tng cM ng in t, lc in t, do t trng v
dng in ca cc cun dy c chuyn ng tng i vi nhau
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NH LUT CM NG IN T
Trng hp t thng fi bin thin xuyn qua vng dy
Khi t thng fi bin thin xuyn qua vng dy dn, trong vng dy s xut hin sc in
ng cM ng e tnh theo cng thc: e = - dfi/dt
Chiu sc in ng cM ng c xc nh theo quy tc vn nt chai
Cun dy c W vng, sc in ng cM ng ca cun dy: e = - W.dfi /dt
Trng hp thanh dn chuyn ng trong t trng
I: cng dng in
L: chiu di thanh dn
FI: lc in t
Chiu lc in t FI xc nh bng quy tc bn tay tri
NH LUT MCH T
Mch t l Mch khp kn dng dn t thng (trong My in Mch t l li thp)
Nu H l cng t trng do Mt tp hp dng in i1,i2,......,in to ra v nu C l
ng cong kn trong khng gian:
74/151
Vt liu dn in
Dy qun My in thng bng ng hoc nhM, tit din trn hoc ch nht.
Khi c yu cu c bit, ngi ta dng cc hp kiM ng, nhM hoc dng thp
Vt liu dn t
Vt liu dn t dng ch to cc b phn ca Mch t, ngi ta dng cc vt liu st
t lM Mch t: thp l k thut in, thp l thng, thp c, thp rn.
on Mch t c t thng bin i vi tn s 50hz thng dng thp l k thut in
dy 0.35 0.5 MM, trong thnh phn thp c t 2 5 % Si .
on Mch t c t trng khng i, thng dng thp c, thp rn.
Vt liu cch in
Vt liu cch in dng cch ly cc b phn dn in v khng dn in, hoc cch ly
cc b phn dn in vi nhau trong My in.
Cht cch in ca My in gM 4 nhM:
Cht hu c thin nhin nh giy, vi la
75/151
PHT NNG V LM MT MY IN
Cc loi tn hao trong My in:
-
Tn hao do Ma st
MY BIN P
MY BIN P
KHI NIM CHUNG CA MY BIN P
bin i in p (dng in) ca dng xoay chiu t gi tr cao n gi tr thp hoc
ngc li ta dng My bin p.
NH NGHA V CC LNG NH MC
nh ngha
My bin p l thit b in t tnh, lM vic theo nguyn tc cM ng in t, dng
bin i h thng in xoay chiu (U1, I1,fi) thnh (U2, I2,fi)
u vo ca My bin p ni vi ngun in gi l s cp. u ra ni vi ti gi l th
cp .
Cc lng nh Mc
-
in p nh Mc
Dng in nh Mc
Cng sut nh Mc
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78/151
79/151
Hnh 7.2.2
Khi My bin p c ti, di tc ng ca sc in ng e2, c dng in th cp I2
cung cp in cho ti.
T thng fi bin thin hnh sin fi = fiMax sinWt
Ta c:
80/151
Hnh 7.3.a
7.3.1. Phng trnh cn bng in p trn dy qun s cp
p dng nh lut Kichp 2 dng phc cho Mch in hnh 7.3.b :
trong X1 = L1 W
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Hnh 7.3.b
7.3.2. Phng trnh cn bng in p trn dy qun th cp
p dng nh lut Kichp 2 dng phc cho Mch in hnh 7.3.c :
Hnh 7.3.c
Trong X2 = L2.W
S THAY TH MY BIN P
T cc phng trnh cn bng in t ta xy dng M hnh Mch in cho My bin p.
S thay th l s in phn nh y qu trnh nng lng trong My bin p,
ta c h phng trnh:
Trong :
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Hnh 7.4.a
CH KHNG TI CA MY BIN P
L ch M pha th cp h Mch v pha s cp c t vo in p.
c iM ch khng ti ca My bin p
Dng in khng ti I0
Ta c : I0 = U1/ z0
Tng tr z0 rt ln v th I0 rt nh:
Xthxp xXo
H s cng sut khng ti: cosP0 = P0/(U1MI0 ) = 0.1 0.3
CH NGN MCH CA MY BIN P
L ch M pha th cp b ni tt li v pha s cp vn t vo in p. y l tnh
trng s c.
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Thng s dy qun
R1 =R2 = Rn /2
X1 =X2 =Xn/2
Bit h s bin p, tnh c thng s th cp cha quy i.
R2=R2/k2 ;X2=X2/k2
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CH C TI CA MY BIN P
Ch c ti l ch trong dy qun s cp ni vi ngun in p nh Mc, dy
qun th cp ni vi ti.
H s ti :
kt = I2/I2M= I1/I1M
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Hnh 7.8.1
T s in p dy trong 4 trng hp c bn:
Ni Y/Y:
88/151
U/d:
d/U:
d/d:
89/151
CC MY BIN P C BIT
MY BIN P T NGU
Bin p t ngu cn c gi l My t bin p
My bin p t ngu Mt pha thng c cng sut nh, c dng trong cc phng th
nghiM v trong cc thit b lM ngun c kh nng iu chnh c in p u ra
theo yu cu.
My bin p t ngu Mt pha gM c dy qun thp p (s vng dy W2 ) l Mt phn
ca dy qun cao p (s vng dy W1) ( hnh 7.10.1 )
Ta c: U1/U2=W1/W2 hay l U2 = U1.W1/W2
Hnh 7.10.1
Ta thay i v tr tip iM trt a, s thay i c in p U2.
My t bin p c tit din li thp b hn My bin p thng thng nhng vn M
bo cng sut
My t bin p trong cun thp p l Mt phn cun cao p cho nn tit kiM c
dy dn, v giM c tn hao.
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Hnh 7.10.2.a
My bin dng in
Dng bin i dng in xoay chiu ln xung dng in nh o lng v Mt s
Mc ch khc.
V dng in th cp nh hn dng in s cp nn s vng dy th cp nhiu hn s
vng dy s cp. Tit din dy qun th cp nh hn tit din dy s cp
i vi My bin dng khng c h Mch th cp.
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Hnh 7.10.2.b
92/151
MY IN KHNG NG B
MY IN KHNG NG B
KHI NIM CHUNG
My in khng ng b l loi My in c phn quay, lM vic vi in xoay chiu,
theo nguyn l cM ng in t, c tc quay ca rto khc vi tc quay ca t
trng.
My in khng ng b c tnh thun nghch, c th lM vic ch ng c in
v My pht in. My pht in khng ng b c c tnh lM vic khng tt nn t
c dng.
ng c in khng ng b c cu to v vn hnh n gin, g thnh r, lM vic tin
cy nn c s dng nhiu trong sn xut v i sng.
ng c in khng ng b gM cc loi: ng c ba pha, hai pha v Mt pha.
CU TO CA MY IN KHNG NG B BA PHA
GM hai phn chnh:
Phn tnh ( Stator: Stato, xtato)
Phn quay ( Rotor: Rto)
Hnh 8.2
PHN TNH ( STATO)
Phn tnh gM cc b phn l li thp v dy qun, ngoi ra c v My v np My
(hnh 8.2.1.a)
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Hnh 8.2.1.a
Li thp
Li thp stato hnh tr do cc l thp k thut in c dp rnh bn trong, ghp li vi
nhau to thnh cc rnh theo hng trc. Li thp c p vo trong v My
(hnh 8.2.1.b)
Hnh 8.2.1.b
Dy qun ba pha
Dy qun stato lM bng dy dn in c bc cch in (dy in t) c t trong
cc rnh ca li thp. Dng in xoay chiu ba pha chy trong ba dy qun ba pha stato
s to ra t trng quay. Dy qun ba pha c th ni sao hoc taM gic
V My
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Hnh 8.2.2.b
Rto dy qun gM li thp v dy qun.
95/151
Hnh 8.3.1.a
Cn c vo chiu dng in ta v c chiu t trng theo quy tc vn nt chai, dy
qun to ra t trng p Mch c hai cc ( p=1; p l s i cc), t trng ny c
phng khng i, nhng c chiu v ln bin thin hnh sin theo thi gian.
Tng t ta t dy qun AX trn 4 rnh to ra t trng 4 cc p Mch ( p=2).
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Tc t trng quay
T thng ca t trng quay xuyn qua dy qun bin thin hnh sin v c bin bng
3/2 t thng cc i ca Mt pha
fiMax = 3/2 fipMax
98/151
NGUYN L LM CA MY IN KHNG NG B
Nguyn l lM vic ca ng c in khng ng b ba pha:
Khi ta cho dng in ba pha tn s fi vo ba dy qun stato s to ra t trng quay vi
tc l n1 = 60fi/p.
T trng quay ct cc thanh dn ca dy qun rto v cM ng cc sc in ng. V
dy qun rto ni kn Mch, nn sc in ng cM ng s sinh ra dng in trong cc
thanh dn rto.
Lc tc dng tng h gia t trng quay ca My vi thanh dn Mang dng in
rto, ko rto quay vi tc n < n1 v cng chiu vi n1
Hnh 8.4
Tc quay ca rto n lun lun nh hn tc t trng quay n1 v tc bng nhau
th trong dy qun rto khng cn sc in ng v dng in cM ng, cho nn lc
in t bng khng.
H s trt ca tc : s = (n1-n)/n1
Tc ca ng c : n= 60fi/p. (1-s) (vng/pht)
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100/151
Hnh 8.6
M MEN QUAY CA NG C KHNG NG B BA PHA
MMen in t Mt ng vai tr MMen quay:
M = Mt = Pt/W1= Pt.p/W
W1: tn s gc ca t trng quay ; W: tn s gc dng in stato; p l s i cc t
101/151
Ta c :
a)
b)
Hnh 8.7
ng c s lM vic iM Mq =Mc ( hnh 8.7.b )
102/151
c iM ca MMen quay:
a. MMen t l vi bnh phng in p M~U12, nu U1 thay i, MMen ng c thay
i rt nhiu.
b. MMen c tr s cc i MMax ng vi gi tr ti hn sth
c. MMen M My MMM
M MY NG C IN KHNG NG B BA PHA
103/151
M My ng c lng sc
M My trc tip
Phng php ng trc tip ng c in vo li in.
Khuyt iM ca phng php ny l dng in M My ln, lM tt in p Mng
in rt nhiu. Phng php ny dng c khi cng sut Mng in (hoc ngun in)
ln hn cng sut ng c rt nhiu.
Dng My t bin p
104/151
ng c in lng sc c c tnh M My tt
ng c in lng sc rnh su
105/151
Loi ng c ny, rnh rto hp v su (chiu su bng 10-12 ln chiu rng rnh). Khi
c dng in cM ng trong thanh dn rto, t thng tn rto phn b. T thng tn
Mc vng vi an di thanh dn nhiu hn on trn.
Do lc M My, in khng tn pha di ln, dng in tp trung pha trn thanh dn
gn Ming rnh lM s phn b dng in tp trung nhiu pha Ming rnh, tit din
dn in ca thanh coi nh b nh i, in tr rto R2 tng ln s lM tng MMen M
My.
Khi M My xong, tn s dng in rto nh, tc dng trn b yu i, in tr rto giM
xung nh bnh thng.
ng c in lng sc kp
Rto ca ng c c hai lng sc, cc thanh dn ca lng sc ngoi (cn gi l lng sc
M My) c tit din nh v in tr ln
Lng sc trong c tit din ln hn in tr nh. Nh trn khi M My dng in tp
trung lng sc ngoi c in tr ln, MMen M My ln. Khi lM vic bnh thng,
dng in li phn b u c hai lng sc, in tr lng sc ngoi nh xung.
ng c in rnh su v lng sc kp c c tnh M My tt, nhng v t thng tn
ln, nn h s cng sut cosP thp hn ng c lng sc thng thng.
IU CHNH TC NG C IN KHNG NG B
Tc ca ng c in khng ng b : n = 60fi/p. (1-s) (vng/pht)
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107/151
Trong P1 l cng sut tc dng (in) ng c tiu th bin i sang cng sut c
P2. Q1 l cng sut phn khng M ng c tiu th to ra t trng cho My.
Khi ti tng, cng sut P1 tng v cosP c tng ln t n gi tr nh Mc cosP= 0,8
- 0,9.
Khi qu ti dng in vt nh Mc, t thng tn tng, Q1 tng; do cosP li giM
xung.
Cc ng c tuyn c th hin trn hnh v 8.10
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Hnh 8.10
NG C IN KHNG NG B MT PHA
T trng dng in hnh sin Mt pha
Dng in xoay chiu Mt pha khng to ra t trng quay.
Do s bin thin ca dng in, chiu v tr s t trng thay i, nhng phng ca t
trng khng i. T trng ny gi l t trng p Mch.
Phn tch t trng p Mch thnh hai t trng quay, quay ngc chiu nhau cng
tn s quay n1 v bin bng Mt na bin t trng p Mch.
Trong t trng quay c chiu quay trng vi chiu quay rto, gi l t trng quay
thun B+, cn t trng c chiu quay ngc chiu quay rto gi l t trng quay
ngc B-
ng c Mt pha
V cu to stato ch c dy qun Mt pha, rto thng l lng sc.
loi ng c ny, ngoi dy qun chnh, cn c dy qun ph.
Dy qun ph c th thit k lM vic ch lc M My (gi l ng c 1 pha khng
ngM t), hoc lM vic thng trc (ng c 1 pha ngM t).
Dy qun ph t trong cc rnh stato, sao cho sinh ra Mt t thng lch vi t thng
chnh Mt gc 900 trong khng gian. Dng in dy qun ph v dy qun chnh sinh
ra t trng quay to ra MMen M My.
dng in trong dy qun ph lch pha vi dng in trong dy qun chnh Mt gc
900, phi ni tip vi dy qun ph Mt t in C.
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MY IN NG B
MY IN NG B
Cng dng
Ch My pht
My pht in ng b l ngun in chnh ca li in quc gia, trong ng c s
cp l cc tua bin hi, tuabin kh hoc tuabin nc. ( hnh 9.1.2 )
Hnh 9.1.2
cc li in cng sut nh, My pht in ng b c ko bi cc ng c izen
hoc xng, c th lM vic n l hoc hai ba My lM vic song song
Ch ng c
ng c ng b cng sut ln c s dng trong cng nghip luyn kiM, khai thc
M, thit b lnh, truyn ng cc My bM, nn kh, qut gi .v.v.
111/151
112/151
Hnh 9.2.2.a
Hai u ca dy qun kch t ni vi hai vng trt t u trc, thng qua hai chi
than ni vi ngun 1 chiu.
C hai loi: rto cc t n v rto cc li
Rto cc li
Dng My c tc thp, c nhiu i cc. Rto cc li dy qun kch t qun xung
quanh thn cc t
Rto cc n
Thng dng My c tc cao 3000v/ph c Mt i cc. Rto cc n dy qun kch
t c t n trong cc rnh.
113/151
Dy qun ba pha stato c t lch nhau trong khng gian Mt gc 1200 in, cho nn
sc in ng cc pha lch nhau gc pha 1200
Trong dy qun stato xut hin Mt ngun in ba pha i xng
Khi dy qun stato ni vi ti, trong cc dy qun c dng in ba pha:
iA = IMax sinWt
iB = IMaxsin(Wt 1200)
iC = IMaxsin(Wt 2400)
Dng in ba pha c to ra ging nh My in khng ng b s to nn t trng
quay, vi tc l n1 = 60fi/p (n = 60fi/p =n1), ng bng tc quay n ca rto.
Do My in ny gi l My in ng b .
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Hnh 9.4.a
Ti thun cM
T thng phn ng fi ngc chiu fi0 gi l phn ng phn ng dc trc kh t, c tc
dng lM giM t trng tng (hnh 9.4.b)
Hnh 9.4.b
Ti thun dung
T thng phn ng fi cng chiu fi0, gi l phn ng phn ng dc trc tr t c tc
dng lM tng t trng tng.
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Hnh 9.4.c
Ti bt k
Phn tch t trng phn ng thnh hai thnh phn:
Thnh phn ngang trc lM lch hng t trng tng
Thnh phn dc trc kh t hoc tr t ty theo tnh cht ca ti (hnh 9.4.d)
Hnh 9.4.d
Phn ng phn ng ca My pht in ng b va ph thuc vo dng in ti I (
ln b) va ph thuc vo tnh cht ca ti ( thun tr, thun cM v thun dung).
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Xb =Xd=Xq gi l in khng ng b.
Phng trnh cn bng in p:
CC NG C TNH CA MY PHT IN NG B
c tnh khng ti
U0 = E0 = fi(Ikt) khi Iti =0, n =const ( fi=const)
Ta c: Eo= 4,44fi.W1.kdq.fio = K.fio
c tnh khng ti l ng fi0 =fi(Ikt), gi l ng cong t ha vt liu st t
c tnh ngoi ca My pht in ng b
Mi quan h gia in p U trn cc My pht v dng in ti I khi tnh cht ti cosPt
khng i, tn s fi v dng in kch t Ikt khng i
U = fi(I) khi Ikt =const, n= const (fi=const) , cosPt =const
c tnh ngoi ca My pht ph thuc tnh cht ca ti
c tnh iu chnh ca My pht in ng b
Mi quan h gia dng in kch t vi dng in ti in p U bng in p nh Mc,
tn s fi v tnh cht ti khng i.
Ikt = fi(I) khi U =const, n= const ( fi =const), cosPt =const
117/151
NG C IN NG B
Nguyn l lM vic
Khi cho dng in ba pha Ia, Ib, Ic vo ba dy qun stato, dng in ba pha stato s
sinh ra t trng quay vi tc n1 = 60fi/p
Khi cho dng in Mt chiu vo dy qun rto, rto bin thnh Mt naM chM in
Khi t trng stato quay vi tc n1, lc tc dng y s ko rto quay vi
tc n = n1
Phong trnh in p ca ng c in ng b:
M My ng c in ng b
Mun ng c lM vic, phi to MMen M My quay rto ng b vi t trng
quay stato.
Trn cc Mt cc t rto, ngi ta t cc thanh dn, c ni ngn Mch nh lng sc
ng c khng ng b ( hnh 9.6.2)
Hnh 9.6.2
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My b ng b
ng c in ng b lM vic ch khng ti v dng in kch t iu chnh qu
kch thch ng c pht ra cng sut phn khng vi Mc ch nng cao h s cng
sut li in.
Cng sut phn khng: Q= MU (E0cosq-U)/Xb M E0 ph thuc Ikt
Tng Ikt suy ra tng E0 suy ra Q >0 ng c pht ra cng sut phn khng vo li in,
ng c lM vic qu kch thch.
H s cng sut li in cosPL
Tng Ikt suy ra tng Q suy ra giM QLsuy ra cosPL tng v ngc li
119/151
MY IN MT CHIU
MY IN MT CHIU
CU TO CA MY IN MT CHIU
My in Mt chiu bao gM stato vi cc t, rto v c gp vi chi than
120/151
Hnh 10.1.2.a
Li thp v dy qun
Li thp hnh tr, lM bng cc l thp k thut in ghp li vi nhau.
Cc l thp k thut in c l thng gi v rnh t dy qun phn ng.
Mi phn t ca dy qun phn ng c nhiu vng dy, hai u ni vi hai phin gp.
Cc phin gp t trn c gp
C gp v chi than
C gp gM cc phin gp bng ng c ghp cch in, c dng hnh tr
, c gn u trc rto. Cc u dy ca phn t dy qun rto ni vi phin gp.
Chi than lM bng than graphit, cc chi than c t cht ln c gp nh l xo
NGUYN L LM VIC CA MY PHT V NG C IN MT CHIU
NGUYN L LM VIC CA MY PHT IN MT CHIU
Ta xt My pht in Mt chiu c dy qun phn ng gM hai thanh dn ab v cd ch
ni vi hai phin gp 1 v 2 ( hnh 10.2.1)
Khi ng c s cp quay phn ng, cc thanh dn ca dy qun phn ng ct t trng
ca cc t, cM ng cc sc in ng. Chiu sc in ng c xc nh bng quy
tc bn tay phi.
Trn thanh dn ab sc in ng c chiu t a n b.
Trn thanh dn cd chiu sc in ng t c n d .
Khi phn ng quay c na vng, v tr ca hai thanh dn phn t v hai phin gp
thay i cho nhau. Sc in ng trong thanh dn i chiu nhng chiu dng in
Mch ngoi khng i.
C gp v chi than ng vai tr b chnh lu dng in I ra ti c chiu khng i.
Phng trnh cn bng in p:
U = E R I
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Hnh 10.2.2
Khi phn ng quay c na vng, v tr hai thanh dn v hai phin gp 1 v 2 i ch
cho nhau, i chiu dng in trong cc thanh dn v chiu lc tc dng khng i cho
nn ng c c chiu quay khng i
Khi ng c quay, cc thanh dn ct t trng v sinh ra sc in ng cM ng Etrong
dy qun rto
Phng trnh in p ng c in Mt chiu:
U = E + R I
v= pDn/60 (2)
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Khi My in c ti, dng in I trong dy qun phn ng (rto) sinh ra t trng phn
ng .Tc dng ca t trng phn ng ln t trng cc t gi l phn ng phn ng.
T trng trong My l t trng tng hp ca t trng cc t v t trng phn ng
.
Hu qu ca phn ng phn ng
T trng trong My b bin dng
ng trung tnh hnh hc AB n v tr Mi gi l trung tnh vt l A1B1 vi gc lch
thng nh v lch theo chiu quay ca rto khi l My pht in, v ngc chiu quay
ca rto khi l ng c in.
Khi ti ln, dng in phn ng ln, t trng phn ng ln, t thng fi ca My b
giM xung, ko theo sc in ng phn ng E giM, in p My pht U giM .
ch ng c, t thng giM lM cho MMen quay giM, v tc ng c thay
i
khc phc hu qu trn, ngi ta dng cc t ph v dy qun b .
T trng cc t ph v dy qun b ngc chiu vi t trng phn ng nhM trit
tiu t trng phn ng .
Nguyn nhn c kh
S tip xc gia c gp v chi in khng tt, do c gp khng trn, khng nhn, chi
than khng ng quy cch, rung ng ca chi than do c nh khng tt hoc lc l
xo khng t st chi in vo c gp .
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Nguyn nhn in t
Khi rto quay lin tip c phn t chuyn i t Mch nhnh ny sang Mch nhnh
khc. trong phn t i chiu y s xut hin cc sc in ng sau:
Sc in ng t cM eL, do s bin thin dng in trong phn t i chiu .
Sc in ng h cM eM, do s bin thin dng in ca cc phn t i
chiu khc ln cn .
Sc in ng eq do t trng phn ng gy ra
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127/151
Hnh 10.7.1
iu chnh tc
E = U - RI = kE n.fisuy ra n = (U - RI)/ kE fi
128/151
ng c tnh c n = fi(M)
n = (U - RI)/ kEfi (1)
Mt khc: Mt = kM I fi (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c:
n= U/ kEfi - RM/ (kM kEfi2)
ThM in tr Rp vo Mch phn ng th ta c:
n= U/ kEfi - (R +Rp )M/ (kM kEfi2)
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c tnh lM vic
Cc ng quan h gia tc n, MMen M, dng in phn ng I v hiu sut h theo
cng sut c trn trc P2
ng c in kch t song song c c tnh c cng, v tc hu nh khng i khi
cng sut trn trc P2 thay i, chng c dng nhiu trong My ct kiM loi, My
cng c .
NG C MT CHIU KCH T NI TIP
iu chnh tc ta c th iu chnh t thng, Mc bin tr iu chinh song song
vi dy qun kch t ni tip.
ng c tnh c n = fi(M)
Khi My khng bo ho, dng in phn ng I v t thng fi t l vi nhau:
I = kI fi (1)
Ta c: M=kM I fi = kM kI fi2 (2)
NG C IN MT CHIU KCH T HN HP
Cc dy qun kch t c th ni thun (t trng hai dy qun cng chiu) lM tng t
thng, hoc ni ngc lM giM t thng
c tnh c ca ng c kch t hn hp khi ni thun ( ng 1) s l trung bnh gia
c tnh c ca ng c kch t song song (ng 2) v ni tip (ng 3)
Cc ng c lM vic nng n, dy qun kch t ni tip l dy qun kch t chnh, cn
dy qun kch t song song l ph v c ni thun .
Dy qun kch t song song M bo tc ng c khng tng qu ln khi MMen
nh.
ng c kch t hn hp c dy qun kch t ni tip l kch t ph, v ni ngc, c
c tnh c rt cng l ng 4, ngha l tc quay hu nh khng i khi MMen
thay i .
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Th nghim K thut in
TH NGHIM K THUT IN
TH NGHIM K THUT IN
TH NGHIM 1: MCH IN HNH SIN MT PHA
MC CH V DNG C TH NGHIM
Mc ch th nghiM
Hiu c s phn b dng in, in p v s thay i gc pha do tnh cht ca ti
trong Mch in phn nhnh v khng phn nhnh.
Dng c th nghiM
Bng 1
NI DUNG TH NGHIM
Mch R L C ni tip
Trnh t thao tc
Mc Mch in Mch R L C ni tip
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Bng 2
Da vo kt qu o c v gin vct khi Mch Mang tnh cM, Mch Mang tnh
dung.
Sinh vin phi v gin vct khi Mch Mang tnh cM
Sinh vin phi v gin vct khi Mch Mang tnh dung
- Sau khi gio vin kiM tra Mch in, chnh nM vn ca BAT theo chiu
kiM ng h c in p ra l 60V (V4 = 60V).
- ng cu dao CD cung cp in cho BAT
- Thay i t C v cun L sao cho Mch Mang tnh cM ( IL > IC ).
- Ly s liu ghi vo bng 3
- Thay i t C v cun cM L sao cho Mch Mang tnh dung ( IC > IL).
- Ly s liu ghi vo bng 3
Bng 3
Da vo s liu o c v gin vct khi Mch Mang tnh cM, Mch Mang tnh
dung. Sinh vin phi v gin vc t khi Mch Mang tnh cM v gin vc t khi
Mch Mang tnh dung
TH NGHIM 2 : MCH IN HNH SIN BA PHA
MC CH V DNG C TH NGHIM
Mc ch th nghiM
Dng c th nghiM
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Bng 4
NI DUNG TH NGHIM
Mch in hnh sin 3 pha ph ti i xng ni taM gic
- Mc s Mch in ph ti i xng ni taM gic
- Sau khi gio vin kiM tra Mch in, ng cu dao CD.
- Ly s liu ghi vo bng 5.
- Da vo s liu bng 5 v th vct
Bng 5
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NI DUNG TH NGHIM
Th nghiM khng ti
Mc Mch in cho My bin p ch khng ti
- iu chnh nM vn BAT v v tr 0 ( ngc chiu kiM ng h).
- Sau khi gio vin kiM tra Mch in ng cu dao CD cung cp in cho BAT.
- Chnh nM vn BAT theo chiu kiM ng h c in p ra l 110V
(V10 = 110V ).
- Theo di a ca cng t quay 1 vng ht bao nhiu giy.
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Th nghiM c ti
- Mc s Mch in My bin p ch ngn Mch
- Xoay nM vn BAT v v tr 0.
- Sau khi gio vin kiM tra xong, ng cu dao CD cung cp in cho BAT
- Vn nM vn ca BAT theo chiu kiM ng h khi V2 = 220V
- Gi nguyn nM vn ca BAT
- Thay i RPT bng cch thay i s lng bng n (ng cng tc K)
- Cc s liu o c ghi vo bng 10.
- Da vo kt qu o c tnh cc thng s cn li ri ghi vo bng 10.
- Cng thc tnh cc thng s c ti :
P2 = U2 I2 cosP
P1 = U1 I1 cosP
h = P2/P1.100%
Bng 10
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Theo kt qu bng 10, sinh vin phi dng c tnh ngoi ca MBA, t a ra nhn
xt v cht lng ca MBA.
Nhn xt ca sinh vin:
Sinh vin phi v ng c tnh ngoi
TH NGHIM 4: NG C KHNG NG B BA PHA
MC CH V DNG C TH NGHIM
Mc ch th nghiM
TM hiu cu to ca ng c khng ng b r to lng sc ba pha.
KiM tra s b cht lng Mt ng c, xc nh cc u dy ra bit cch
u Mt ng c 3 pha
3 . Tp u dy, khi ng v i chiu quay ng c hai cch u sao v
u taM gic
Dng c th nghiM
Bng 11
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NI DUNG TH NGHIM
TM hiu cu to ng c
M np ng c xeM cu to dy qun ca stato v rto lng sc
KiM tra c kh
Dng tay quay trc ng c xeM c b kt trc, bi c b r, Mn hay khng ?
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Hnh 11.4.2.a
o in tr ba cun dy stato
Dng ng h DVM ( ng h s) giai o in tr o in tr ba cun dy AX,
BY, CZ.
Ghi cc gi tr in tr ca ba cun dy stato: RAX = RBY = RCZ =
Nu RAX = RBY = RCZ th tt
Nu RAX RBY RCZ th dy qun stato b chM, c s c, phi sa cha.
Ch :
Hai u dy ca Mt cun c Mt gi tr in tr no ( khong vi M ti vi chc
M). cn hai u dy khc cun c in tr bng .
V d AY, BX, CX c in tr bng
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Hnh 11.4.2.c
- Khi xc nh AX, BY i v tr cun BY v cun CZ xc nh C,Z nh hnh
11.4.2.d
Hnh 11.4.2.d
fi. Cho ng c chy th
Mc Mch in theo s hnh 11.4.2.e ( ng c u sao)
Ghi cc gi tr : IA = IB = IC =
Nu IA = IB = IC v ng c quay khng c ting l tt.
Ch cho php IA , IB , IC lch nhau 15%
Dng in khng ti I0 tnh theo phn trM IM ca ng c 3 pha tra theo bng 12
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Bng 12
Ch :
Dng in khi ng (Ik) v cng sut khi ng (Pk) l dng in v cng sut ngay
ti thi iM va ng cu dao, cn quan st ngay.
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o chiu ng c
i v tr 2 pha A, B, gi nguyn pha C
Phn nhn xt ca sinh vin:
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NI DUNG TH NGHIM
TM hiu cu to ng c
M np ng c xeM cu to dy qun ca stato v rto lng sc
KiM tra c kh
Dng tay quay trc ng c xeM c b kt trc, bi c b r, Mn hay khng ?
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Hnh 11.5.2.b
Bt cng tc ca DVM ( ng h s) ti v tr W
o in tr hai cun dy A1A2 v B1B2, hnh 11.5.2.b ang o in tr ca B1B2
Ghi gi tr ca chng vo bng 1 v kt lun cun no l cun chy, cun no l cun
Bng 1
o chiu ng c 1 pha.
Mun o chiu ng c 1 pha ta o u cun chy hoc o u cun
Quan st chiu quay ca ng c
ng c c o chiu quay khng? C Khng
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Tham gia ng gp
Ti liu: Bi ging k thut in
Bin tp bi: Nguyn Tun Hng
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/bcf310d1
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: NHNG KHI NIM C BN V MCH IN
Cc tc gi: Nguyn Tun Hng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/4fc98a4f
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: DNG IN HNH SIN
Cc tc gi: Nguyn Tun Hng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/f308b96e
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: CC PHNG PHP PHN TCH MCH IN
Cc tc gi: Nguyn Tun Hng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/2885e7b1
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: MCH IN BA PHA
Cc tc gi: Nguyn Tun Hng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/7a42f0f8
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: O LNG IN
Cc tc gi: Nguyn Tun Hng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/94788422
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: KHI NIM CHUNG V MY IN
Cc tc gi: Nguyn Tun Hng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/1fc19041
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