0 30,000 60,000 15,000

Feet
Legend
Jointing Mapped in Tunnels
Minor Fracturing Mapped in Tunnels
Faulting and Gouge Mapped in Tunnels
LCSN Earthquake Epicenters with 5km Zone of Uncertainty
Isachsen & McKendree (1977) Brittle Structure
EarthSat (1997) Fracture
Jacobi (2002) Proposed Fault (Location Approximate)
Projected Possible Faults
County Line
WOH Watershed Boundary
Water Tunnel Alignments w/Existing 1000' Buffer
NYCDEP WOH Non-Watershed Infrastructure Impact Evaluation
Figure 1
Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc.
Salem, New Hampshire
December 21, 2011
1:250,000
Cannonsville Reservoir
Pepacton Reservoir
Neversink Reservoir
Rondout Reservoir
West Delaware Tunnel
East Delaware Tunnel
Neversink Tunnel
NYC WATERSHEDSegment with West and East Delaware Water Tunnels
Tis DEP map (2011) shows the seismicity surrounding the two Delaware tunnels which are almost entirely outside the protected area. Seven
extensive fault lines (Jacobis three and an additional four) cross the reservoirs and the two tunnels. Almost three dozen symbols line the tunnels
to indicate fractures discovered during construction.
Te DEP recognizes the Bowland Study (UK) as proof that fracking can reach a nearby fault and can trigger a seismic event and in a region
of low seismicity and the fault was unknown. (Jan 2012) Excessive lubrication of faults and fractures with highly pressurized hydraulic
fracturing fuids, bolstered by repeated hydrofracturing episodes, may result in fault activation and bedrock settlement [earthquakes]. (P. Rubin,
Hydroquest, Jan 2012)
Te seven known faults and also the many brittle structures or fractures shown throughout the map in green and yellow (from 1977 and 1997
mapping) could be seismic in another way. Tey could be superhighways rapidly conducting pressurized fracking fuid signifcant distances
across topographic and groundwater divides to the aquifers and streams that recharge the many reservoirs at the edges of the Watershed. Te
concept of ofset from water supplies (e.g., 4000 f) is entirely inappropriate for this kind of contaminant transport. (A. Palmer, March 2012)
Tis would be true of anywhere in NYS.
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