Tm tt l thuyt phn nhit, ng lc hc n thi i hc luyn thi i hc

Q mc t Bi 13 14 CNG C HC NH LUT V CNG

I. TM TT L THUYT
1. Khi no c cng c hc?
- Cng c hc dng vi trng hp khi c lc tc dng vo vt v vt
chuyn di theo phng khng vung gc vi phng ca lc.
- Cng c hc ph thuc vo hai yu t: Lc tc dng vo vt v chuyn
di ca vt.
2. Cng thc tnh cng c hc
- Cng thc: A = F.s
Trong : F l lc tc dng vo vt,
S l qung ng vt dch chuyn
- n v cng l Jun (k hiu l J): 1J = 1N.1m = 1N.m
3. nh lut v cng
Khng mt my c n gin no cho li v cng, c li bao nhiu ln v
lc th thit by nhiu ln v ng i v ngc li.
4. Cc loi my c n gin thng gp
- Rng rc c nh: Ch c tc dng i hng ca lc.
- Rng rc ng: Li hai ln v lc, thit hai ln v ng i.
- Mt phng nghing: Li v lc, thit v ng i.
- n by: Li v lc, thit v ng i hoc ngc li.

Bi 16 CNG SUT
I. TM TT L THUYT
1. Cng sut
- bit ngi no hay my no lm vic khe hn (thc hin cng nhanh
hn) ngi ta so snh cng thc hin c trong mt n v thi gian.
- Cng thc hin c trong mt n v thi gian c gi l cng sut.
2. Cng thc tnh cng sut
Cng thc:
A
P
t
Trong : A l cng thc thc hin, t l khon thi
gian thc hin cng A.
3. n v cng sut
Nu cng A l 1J, thi gian t l 1s, th cng sut l:

Tm tt l thuyt phn nhit, ng lc hc n thi i hc luyn thi i hc


1
1
J
P
s
= 1J/s (jun trn giy).
n v cng sut J/s c gi l ot (k hiu W).
1W = 1J/s
1kW (kilot) = 1000W
1MW (mgaot) = 1000kW = 1000000W.
Bi 17 18 C NNG S CHUYN HA V
BO TON C NNG
I. TM TT L THUYT
1. C nng l g?
- khi vt c kh nng sinh cng, ta ni vt c c nng.
- n v ca c nng l Jun (J).
2. Th nng
- C nng ca vt ph thuc vo v tr ca vt so vi mt t gi l th nng
hp dn.
- C nng ca vt ph thuc vo bin dng ca vt gi l th nng n
hi.
- Ch : khi vt nm trn mt t th th nng hp dn ca vt bng khng.
3. ng nng
- C nng ca vt do chuyn ng m c gi l ng nng.
- ng nng ph thuc vo khi lng v vn tc ca vt. Nu vt ng yn
th ng nng ca vt bng khng.
Ch : Th nng v ng nng l hai dng ca c nng.
4. S chuyn ha ca cc c nng
ng nng c th chuyn ha thnh th nng, ngc li th nng c th
chuyn ha thnh ng nng.
5. S bo ton c nng
Trong qu trnh c hc, ng nng v th nng khng t nhin sinh ra v
cng khng t nhin mt i, m ch chuyn ha t dng ny sang dng khc.

Chng II NHIT HC
Bi 20 21 CC CHT C CU TO NH TH NO?
CHUYN NG CA PHN T
I. TM TT L THUYT

Tm tt l thuyt phn nhit, ng lc hc n thi i hc luyn thi i hc

1. Cc cht c cu to nh th no?
- Cc cht c cu to t cc ht ring bit gi l cc nguyn t, phn t.
- Gia cc nguyn t, phn t lun c khong cch.
2. Chuyn ng ca cc nguyn t, phn t
- Cc nguyn t, phn t lun chuyn ng hn n khng ngng.
- Nhit ca vt cng cao th cc nguyn t, phn t cu to nn vt chuyn
ng cng nhanh.
3. Hin tng khuch tn
Khi hai cht lng khc nhau vo cng mt bnh cha, sau mt thi gian
hai cht lng t ha ln vo nhau. Hin tng ny gi l hin tng khuch tn.

Bi 22 NHIT NNG

I.TM TT L THUYT
1. Nhit nng l g?
- Nhit nng ca mt vt l tng ng nng ca cc phn t cu to nn vt.
2. Cc cch lm thay i nhit nng
- Nhit nng ca vt c th thay i bng hai cch: Thc hin cng v truyn
nhit.
3. nhit lng
- Nhit lng l phn nhit nng m vt nhn c hay mt bt i.
- n v ca nhit nng v nhit lng l Jun (k hiu J).

Bi 23 24 DN NHIT I LU BC X NHIT

I. TM TT L THUYT
1. S dn nhit
- Nhit nng c th truyn t vt ny sang vt khc bng hnh thc dn nhit.
- Trong cc cht dn nhit th cht rn dn nhit tt v tt nht l kim loi,
cht lng dn nhit km, cht kh dn nhit km nht.
2. i lu
i lu l s truyn nhit bng cc dng cht lng v cht kh, l hnh
thc truyn nhit ch yu ca cht lng v cht kh.
3. Bc x nhit

Tm tt l thuyt phn nhit, ng lc hc n thi i hc luyn thi i hc

- Bc x nhit l s truyn nhit bng cc tia nhit.
- Bc x nhit c th xy ra c trong chn khng.

Bi 25 NHIT LNG

I. TM TT L THUYT
1. Nhit lng ca mt vt thu vo ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?
- Nhit lng l phn nhit nng m vt nhn c hay mt bt i.
- Nhit lng vt cn thu vo nng ln ph thuc khi lng, tng
nhit ca vt v nhit dung ring ca cht lm vt.
2. Cng thc tnh nhit lng
- Cng thc tnh nhit lng thu vo:
Q mc t

Trong : Q l nhit lng (J); m l khi lng ca vt (kg); t l tng
nhit ca vt(
0
C hoc
0
K)

; C l nhit dung ring ca cht lm vt (J/kg.K).
- Nhit dung ring ca mt cht cho bit nhit lng cn thit lm cho
1kg cht tng thm 1
0
C.
Bi 26 PHNG TRNH CN BNG NHIT
I. TM TT L THUYT
1. Nguyn l truyn nhit
- Nhit truyn t vt c nhit cao hn sang vt c nhit thp hn.
- S truyn nhit xy ra cho n khi nhit ca hai vt cn bng nhau th
ngng li.
- Nhit lng do vt ny ta ra bng nhit lng do vt kia thu vo.
2. Phng trnh cn bng nhit
Nhit lng vt ny ta ra bng nhit lng vt kia thu vo, phng trnh
cn bng nhit l Q
ta ra
= Q
thu vo.

Bi 27 NNG SUT TA NHIT CA NHIN LIU

I. TM TT L THUYT
1. Nng sut ta nhit ca nhin liu l g?
i lng cho bit nhit lng ta ra khi 1kg nhin liu b t chy hon
ton gi l nng sut ta nhit ca nhin liu.
2. Cng thc tnh nhit lng do nhin liu b t chy ta ra
Nhit lng ta ra khi nhin liu b t chy: Q = q.m

Tm tt l thuyt phn nhit, ng lc hc n thi i hc luyn thi i hc

Trong q l nng sut ta nhit ca nhin liu (J/kg); m l khi lng nhin liu
(kg).
Bi 28 29 S BO TON NNG LNG TRONG CC HIN TNG
C V NHIT NG C NHIT

I. TM TT L THUYT
1. S truyn c nng, nhit nng t vt ny sang vt khc
- C nng, nhit nng c th truyn t vt ny sang vt khc, chuyn ha t
dng ny sang dng khc.
2. S chuyn ha gia cc dng c nng, gia c nng v nhit nng
- Cc dng c nng (nh ng nng v th nng) c th chuyn ha qua li
ln nhau.
- C nng v nhit nng c th truyn t vt ny sang vt khc, chuyn ha
t dng ny sang dng khc.
3. S bo ton nhit lng trong cc hin tng c v nhit
Nng lng khng t sinh ra cng khng t mt i, n ch truyn t vt ny
sang vt khc hoc chuyn ha t dng ny sang dng khc.
4. ng c nhit l gi?
ng c nhit l ng c trong mt phn nng lng ca nhin liu b t
chy chuyn ha thnh c nng.
5. ng c n bn k
a) Cu to: ng c gm: xilanh, trong c pittng chuyn ng ln xung c.
Pittng c ni vi trc bng bin v tay quay. Trn trc quay c gn v lng.
Pha trn xilanh c hai van, chng c th ng m t ng khi pittng chuyn ng.
trn xilanh c gn bugi dng bt tia la in t chy hin liu trong xilanh.
b) Chuyn vn: ng c hot ng c bn k
- K th nht: Ht nhin liu
- K th hai: Nn nhin liu
- K th ba: t nhin liu, sinh cng
- K th 4: Thot kh t chy, ng thi tip tc ht nhin liu vo xilanh,
chun b tr li k th nht.
6. Hiu sut ca ng c nhit
Hiu sut ca ng c nhit: H = Trong Q l nhit lng ca nhin liu
khi b t chy, A l phn cng c ch do my to ra.