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Identification & Individualisation

Identification
What is it?
1
Looking at it
Chemical or
biological tests








2
Identification & Individualisation
Identification
What is it?
Classification?
1
2
Class characteristics
3
Identification & Individualisation
Identification
E.g. A shoe
What type?
2
What brand?
1
Mens or
ladiesshoe?
3
4
Identification & Individualisation
Identification
E.g. A fibre
Cotton,
wool, nylon?
What kind of fibre?
E.g. A shoe
1








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Identification & Individualisation
Identification
What calibre bullet?
2
What kind of bullet?
E.g. A bullet
1
E.g. A fibre
E.g. A shoe
6
Identification & Individualisation
Individualisation
Narrowing class to one
1
Identification
What is it?
Classification?
1
2
7
Identification & Individualisation
E.g. A shoe
Identify whose shoe it is
Not always possible to do so
Identify shoe brand
















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Identification & Individualisation
Who is the
manufacturer?
1
E.g. Clothing
Individualisation
Fingerprints?
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Identification & Individualisation
Serial number?
1
2
E.g. Clothing
Individualisation
E.g. Tool
10
Identification & Individualisation
Individualisation
Trace elements
or impurities?
E.g. Of chemical origin
1
E.g. Clothing
E.g. Tool
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Identification & Individualisation
Individualisation
Blood type?
E.g. Of chemical origin
1
E.g. Tool
E.g. Biological samples
DNA analysis
2
E.g. Clothing
12
Forensic
evidence
Fibres
Hair
Blood
Broken glass
Fibres
Paint
Fingerprints
Shoeprints
Comparison leading to Association
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Reconstruction Re-enactment
Understanding
past events
Re-do one of
the events
1
2
Part of reconstruction
1
Reconstruction & Re-enactment
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2005 London Bombings
July 7 bombings
4 bombs exploded
on public transport
52 people killed
After the bombing
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2005 London Bombings
July 21
Abandoned bomb found
Terrorists arrested
Failed repeat bombing
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2005 London Bombings
Abandoned bomb found
How the bombs
were constructed
What the bombs
were made of
2
1
Detonator
Home made
explosive
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Bombers
Four attempted to detonate their bombs
One abandoned his bomb
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Bombers
Numerous forensic and CCTV evidence
Defense
Motive
Cannot claim those people
were not the bombers
Hoax bombs
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Mens Rea
What was their intention?
Built for hoaxes?
Built to cause destruction?
Use forensic science to determine if bombs were
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Mens Rea
Reconstructed bomb
Re-enactment of explosion
Intention to cause death and destruction
Not a hoax
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George Smith
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George Smith
Marry women
Steal their money
Murder them
1
2
3
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Smiths wives
Took a bath
Had an epileptic fit
Drowned
No sign of struggle
or bruising
Died the same way
Bathtub
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Brides in the Bath
Married seven women
Question Drowned accidentally?
Murdered?
Three died
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Brides in the Bath
If murder by drowning
Leaves a lot of bruising
No signs of bruising
Should have a violent struggle
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Sir Bernard Spilsbury
Re-enactment Female divers
Pull their feet
Heads went underwater
Unconscious
No struggle
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Gareth Williams
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Gareth Williams
Cryptographer working
for British Intelligence
Found in his apartment
in August 2010
Dead for 9 days
30
Investigation found
No signs of a struggle
No traces of poisoning
2
1
No sign of asphyxiation
3
In the bath
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Evidence
Body found
in sports bag
Padlocked on
the outside
2
1
3
81 x 48 cm
Sports bag
32
Gareth Williams
Yoga experts unable to lock and
padlock ownself from the outside
Re-enactment
Question
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkirbdxzkq8
Locked by someone else?