 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 
 

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

 ‫؟‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  .١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢

 K ‫א‬ .٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  .٤

 K‫א‬

      ‫א‬   ‫א‬   .٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫؟؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?




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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J     ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬


،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

               -٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٧

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬-٨

 K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 K ‫א‬


‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺭ‬ 
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻭﻕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬


< êÏèçŠjÖ]<s船]<†‘^ß 

E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬


 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

 J W‫א‬

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

‫א‬،‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬   

  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   

‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

      E‫א‬  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K?‫א‬‫א‬?

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬ -١

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬ -٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W ‫א‬ -٣

    F ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬-٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١

  ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J W  

     ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 W‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٧

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٨

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬J 

 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-‫ﺃ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-‫ﺏ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ECONOMIC FACTORS  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١

POLITICAL & LEGAL FACTORS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢

 SOCIAL FACTORS‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣

 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤

 COMPETITIVE FACTORS‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥

 DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٦

 NATURAL FACTORS ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٧

 MEDIA‫א‬ .٨
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬-٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، W‫א‬-٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W

 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١

 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 F    E ‫א‬ ‫א‬   F    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ -٤

 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٥

 K‫א‬-٦

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬          ‫א‬

 W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬  W-١

 
  ‫א‬      W‫א‬-٢
     
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  W‫א‬-٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    

‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E‫א‬ F ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 KEF‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،    ‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬W

 ‫א‬  ،        ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  

‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K 

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬     

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-‫ﺃ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-‫ﺏ‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

        K‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

K          ‫א‬

      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   

 K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  .٦
 K‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

     ‫א‬     ‫א‬    

 K?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬        ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    -١

 K‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 J W

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 KJ ‫א‬-١

 KJ ‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬-٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W ‫ א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫ א‬-٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W ‫ א‬-٣

‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ،      ‫א‬

 K

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W‫ א‬-٤

    ‫א‬ 

      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ J W ‫ א‬-٥

         ‫א‬   ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬

‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J W ‫א‬  -٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬J J ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬   F

 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ، E ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬

  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬       

 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬-٢

 KJ ‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫؛‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K-١

 K ‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

 W

?‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?

>>>‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ J   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     J  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫؟‬‫א‬ •

 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫؟‬‫א‬ •
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬ •

 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J ٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٦


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K-١

 K‫א‬-٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١

 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫؛‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ .١

 ‫א‬‫א‬ .٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 ‫א‬ .٤
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ 

‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬ 

‫ﺣﻀﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ 
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ‬


‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ �ﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W

F ‫א‬‫א‬ J W ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،E‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬       K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

،،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 J W‫א‬W‫א‬

  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬،

،   ‫א‬   

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 J W‫א‬

 KEEXPOSUREF‫ א‬.١

KEATTENTIONF‫א‬‫ א‬.٢

‫א‬     .٣

EINTERPRETATIONF

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ،  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

     ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  WE‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ،    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ .١

 KEF‫א‬ .٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 ‫א‬ .٤


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ W ،‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    KE‫א‬ ‫א‬F 

 J 
 J ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   

  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬J ١

‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 ‫א‬J ٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬J ٧

 W‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬      

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬W‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬‫?א‬?‫א‬?K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬  .١

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬  .٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬  .٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬  .٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

  ،        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬-١

 ‫א‬-٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬-٥

‫א‬‫א‬-٦
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫؟‬‫א‬

     ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    

،

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬-١

 ‫א‬-٢

 ‫א‬-٣

     ‫؟‬ ‫א‬  ‫؟‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬-٤

 ‫؟‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٢

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫؟‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

  ‫א‬ E‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬      ‫א‬     K‫א‬   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬

 Convenience Goods 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 Shopping Goods.

 Specialty Goods

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 Raw Materials‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Installations‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Components‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Operating Supplies‫א‬

 Accessory Equipment

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

    ‫א‬‫א‬      ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 W‫א‬

  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬

 ‫א‬-١

 ‫א‬-٢

 ‫א‬-٣

 ‫א‬-٤

 ‫א‬-٥

‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 J WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WIncubation Stage‫א‬W

‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 WIntroduction Stage‫א‬W

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      -٢

 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٥

 WGrowth Stage‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (٣

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 WMaturity Stage‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬

 J W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬-٥

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬

 WDecline Stage‫א‬W

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 

 J W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٥

- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﺎﺡ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬    

    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١

     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  .٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 K‫א‬

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  .٤

K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬          ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

??‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ (١

 K‫א‬‫א‬ (٢

 K‫א‬‫( א‬٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

         ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬ J ،

‫א‬   K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬-١

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬-٢

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،EBrand MarkF ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E Brand Name F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ETrade NameF ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E Trade MarkF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 


 ‫א‬‫א‬

  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬-١

‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ -٢

 K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ -٣

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫؛‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥

 K

      ‫א‬     ‫א‬ -٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬   

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢

 ‫א‬ .٣

 K‫א‬ .٤

  ‫؛‬             .٥

‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦

    .٧
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   

 K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

- ٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?

 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬        ‫א‬   K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 J W

 K‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬-٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬-١

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬-٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬  W‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     W‫א‬-٤

‫א‬      ،    

،‫א‬ 

     ،‫א‬     

‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ، ٢٠٠  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ١٥٠   ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬?

 ?EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬-٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬-٤

،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬  

  ،  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F

E‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬        

 J W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١

 K‫א‬‫א‬.٢

 K‫א‬.٣

 K‫א‬ .٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥

 K‫א‬‫ א‬.٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬.٧




 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 

‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K    ‫؛‬ 

 K‫א‬٪١٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬   

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ،‫א‬،

‫א‬       E

  F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  K    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  

K ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬،‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬W

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬      

‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

 K-١

 K-٢

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K

   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻴﺎل‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬

‫‪- ٨٨ -‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻴﺎل‬
‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺇﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ‬
‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻴﺎل‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬

‫‪- ٨٩ -‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣




  ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬    

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬     F ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K  ‫א‬ 

 K ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬           ‫א‬    

 K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬

PRICE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬COLLUSION

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

                 

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  -٤

 K

‫א‬  ‫א‬    E‫א‬ 

 
   ‫א‬ F ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١

 K‫א‬-٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬       ، ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬   K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

‫א‬‫א‬-٤

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬      ‫א‬    F    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 E‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 W‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬J E F‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬-٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬١٥١‫א‬،

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٣  ٣  ١  ١ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  ١  ٢  ٢  ‫א‬
 ٥  ٢  ٣  ٣ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ١  ٥  ٤  ٤ 
 ‫א‬
 ٢  ٤  ٥  ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

  ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  J ‫א‬‫א‬

 J W?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬J ٣

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬

 J W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬J 

 K‫א‬J 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J 

 KE‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

   ،          ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ،   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬

     ، ‫א‬        ، ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬        ‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

      

       ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬    ‫א‬       ‫א‬  

‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬

‫ﻤﻨـﺘِـﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻨـﺘِـﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻨـﺘِـﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻨـﺘِـﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬

‫ﺍﻟـﻭﻜﻴـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻭﻜﻴـل‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺯﻉ‬ - ١٠٥ - ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺯﻉ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W


 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   

  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫؟‬       F   ‫א‬   

‫א‬،‫א‬
- ١٠٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   

   ، ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   

 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٨
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫• א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?

 ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬-١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

?‫א‬? J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

      ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    

 K‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   J W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

     ‫א‬      ‫א‬       ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٧

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٨

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٩

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  

 W

 J W‫א‬J ١

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬?

 K?

 J WE‫א‬F‫א‬J ٢

 W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?

 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 J W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?

 K?‫א‬

 W‫א‬J ٤

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?

 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J W     ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬-٣

 K‫א‬-٤

 K‫א‬-٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ‫א‬    F  ‫א‬  

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬

    ‫א‬     ،     

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 J W‫א‬J ٤

‫؛‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J W‫א‬J ٥

‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ J  J ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

       ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
       ‫א‬  
       ‫א‬
      ‫א‬
      E‫א‬F‫א‬
       ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K    

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

      ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬،.١

 E١٩٩٤L١٤١٤KKWF


 ،‫א‬، .٢

 E١٩٨٥L١٤٠٥‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬F


 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ .٣

 E١٩٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬F

1. Berkowitz , Eric N. and Kerin , Roger A. and Rudelius, William

Marketing (St. Louis , Missouri : Times Mirror / Mosby College Publishing
1986)

2. Bove’e , Courttand and Houston , Michael and Thill , John Marketing,

Second Edition (New York, N. Y. : McGraw-Hill Book Company , 1995)

3. Brassington , Frances and Pettitt , Stephen Principles of Marketing

(London , U.K. : Pitman Publishing , 1997)

4. Cunningham , William and Cunningham Isabella and Swift Christopher

Marketing A Managerial Approach , Second Edition (Cincinati , Ohio :
South-Western Publishing 1987)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  

5. Evans , Joel R. and Berman , Barry Marketing , Third Edition (New York,
N. Y. : Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987)

6. Gravens , David W. and Woodruff , Robert B. Marketing (Reading ,

M.A. : Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. , 1986)

7. Hill , Elizabeth and O’sullivan Marketing (Edinburgh Gate , U. K. :

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8. Kotler , Philip and Armstrong , Gary Marketing , An Introduction Third

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9. Kotler , Philip and Armstrong , Gary Marketing , An Introduction Fifth

Edition (Englewood cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1991)

10.Kotler , Philip and McDougall , Gordon H. G. Marketing Essentials

Canadian Edition (Scarborough, Ontario : Prentice-Hall Canada Inc. , 1985)

11.Kotler , Philip Principles of Marketing (Englewood cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-

Hall Inc. , 1980)
12.Kurtz , David and Boone , Louis Marketing, Third Edition (New York, N.
Y. : The Dryden Press, 1987)

13.Lancaster , Geoff and Reynolds , Paul Marketing (Jordan Hill, Oxford :

Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd , 1995)

14.Mandell , Maurice Marketing , Third Edition (Englewood cliffs, N. J. :

Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1985)

15.McCarthy , E. Jerome and Perreauit , William D. Essentials of

Marketing , Fourth Edition (Homewood , ILL. : Irwin , 1988)

16.Rachman , David J. Marketing Today , Second Edition (New York, N. Y.

: The Dryden Press, 1988)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  

17.Runyon , Kenneth The Practice of Marketing (Columbus , Ohio : Charles

E. Merrill Publishing Company ,1982)

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Western College Publishing 1995)

19.Stanton , William J. and Futrell , Charles Fundamentals of Marketing

Eighth Edition (New York, N. Y. : McGraw-Hill Book Company , 1987)

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