BY BC THIT K TRANG WEB N TNG V HIU QU

Mc d vic thit k trang web i hi phi c nhiu kh nng v m thut, tuy nhin vn c th
a ra mt qu trnh thit k c th gip bn tng kh nng to ra cc trang web hiu qu v n
tng. C th nhiu ngi s cho rng vic a ra cc bc trong qu trnh thit k s lm mt i
qu trnh sng to, iu ny c l ng i vi nhng nh thit k gii, nhng ngi c qu trnh
thit k v sng to ca ring h. Nhng vi nhng ngi khng c o to bi bn v thc hnh
nhiu th vic nghin cu xem ngi khc thit k v ng dng cc bc nh th no c th s
gip ch rt nhiu cho h.
Bc 1 : Phn tch ngi dng v t nh gi chnh mnh
Nu bn khng bit ngi dng d nh l ai, th tt c vic thit k, cho d c c thc hin k
lng n u cng ch dn n tht bi. Bn cn phi bit cc thng tin v ngi dng nh trnh
, s thch, cc lnh vc quan tm, cu hnh trang thit b, phn mm, trnh a ra mt trang
web v tch s.
Bn cng cn phi phn tch cc mi quan tm v kh nng ca chnh bn. Bn c kh nng thit k
cc trang web c hiu qu v n tng khng? Bn c trnh chuyn mn to ra c cc
trang c lng thng tin phong ph da trn cc ti nguyn sn c khng?
Sau y l mt s k thut gip cho bc ny :
1. M t mc tiu: Hy xc nh chnh xc mc tiu ca trang ny mt cch ngn gn. Mc
tiu cn c m t mt cch sc tch, r rng, khng qu rm r, chi tit.
2. Xc nh vn gii quyt: T m t mc tiu bc trn, nu ra cc vn cn gii quyt
t c mc tiu, tm tt phng php gii quyt, ...
3. Xc nh ngi dng: Lit k cc c im ca khch hng nh tui tc, ngh nghip, gii
tnh, thu nhp, trnh , vng c tr, cu hnh trang thit b, phn mm, vo mt danh
sch phn tch v x l sau ny.
4. Lit k cc ngun ti nguyn: Bn c sn nhng g hon thnh cng vic c v mt trang
thit b, cng c phn mm, v c v trnh chuyn mn ? Bn c th lm c nhng
g, v bn s nh gip nhng g ?
5. Xy dng bng tin thc hin: Xc nh thi gian cn hon thnh sn phm vi cc ti
nguyn sn c, thi gian cn thc hin tng bc ca qu trnh,
Bc 2 : Thit k cc chc nng v cu trc trang
C th lc ny bn rt mun ngi ngay vo my v bt tay vo vic xy dng trang web nhng
ng vi! Hy dnh thi gian cho vic thit k cc chc nng v cu trc ca cc trang chnh, v
y l bc quan trng nht trong qu trnh thit k. Sau y l mt s hng dn thc hin
bc ny :
1. Chn cch lm vic sao cho c th phc tho thit k mt cch thoi mi: Bn c th dng
bt v s trn giy, hay c th dng cc chng trnh my tnh phc tho. Tuy
nhin vic s dng cc chng trnh my tnh c th s lm hn ch nng sut lm vic v
cc cng c c sn thng b gii hn.
2. Vic thit k nn i t tru tng n c th: Vic a ra cc chi tit ngay t u c th s
lm mt i tng quan ca vn . Phi xc nh khung ca chc nng trc ri sau mi
la chn ni dung in vo.
Bc 3 : Tm cch trnh by n tng v hiu qu
Ngay c mt cu trc tt nht cng s tht bi nu vic trnh by thng tin khng trc quan v n
tng. Mt cch trnh by c n tng v hiu qu c nh gi khng ch bng cch trng n nh
th no m cn xem n ng gp nh th no vo qu trnh t mc tiu ban u.
Sau y l mt s cch tm ra ngun cung cp cho cc trnh by tt:
1. a ra cng nhiu cch trnh by t kh nng ca chnh bn. Lun quan st v su tp cc
trnh by tt ot gii, c nhiu ngi cng nhn, hay cc trnh by m bn thch, ...
2. Lun cp nht cc thay i v cng ngh web. Bn nn lun c cc ti liu mi nht v
HTML, cng nh cc thng tin v cc dng tp tin v cc thit b mi c h tr bi cc
nh sn xut.
3. Lun ghi nh: i tng nh gi cch trnh by l ngi dng ch khng phi bn.
4. Th cng nhiu gii php cng tt v hy ghi nhn cc nhn xt, phn hi ca nhng ngi
cng tc hon chnh thit k.
Bc 4 : Xy dng ni dung
L mt ngi thit k trang web, bn c th c hoc khng chu trch nhim to ni dung (nh vn
bn, hnh nh, m thanh, video, ..). V vic to ni dung thng khng th i n lc thit k hnh
thnh, bn c th tin hnh cc bc sau m bo rng ni dung v thit k ca bn l tng
thch vi nhau:
1. Sa i, hiu chnh cc ni dung c hoc cc ni dung m bn c quyn sa.
2. Xin h tr v c vn ca nhng chuyn gia i vi cc ch ngoi lnh vc chuyn mn
ca bn.
3. Thit lp ng dy lin lc gia bn (ngi thit k) v nhng ngi to ni dung. a ra
cc qui c, cc c t cho ni dung nh mi trng h tr, nh dng tp tin, cch nn, qui
c t tn tp tin,
4. m bo cng nhiu thng tin cng tt. Cn phi c s kt hp cht ch gia vn bn v
ha, hnh nh, m thanh trong ni dung.
5. To mt cu trc cy th mc hp l cho ni dung v thng xuyn sao lu m bo an
ton.
Bc 5 : Thit k v kim tra khung trang web
Trong khi ang tin hnh xy dng ni dung, y l lc kim tra cc chc nng v cu trc c
xy dng trong bc 2 xem n hot ng nh th no. y l bc m bn chuyn cc m t v
chc nng, v thit k ban u sang mt th hin l cc trang web c th. Sau y l mt s hng
dn thc hin bc ny :
1. Lin lc vi ngi qun tr server xem vic t chc cc tp tin nh th no v cc c t
no c sn. Cho ngi qun tr bit cc loi tp tin no m bn ang s dng cha c h
tr.
2. S dng cc lin kt trong cc trang ti cc cu trc th mc tng t nh cu trc th mc
trn server.
3. Ghi nhn cc nh thng c dng trong vic truy xut cc trang thng thng a vo
cache. Bng cch ny bn c th tng tc truy xut cc trang.
4. Th nghim trn server kim tra xem n hot ng ng nh thit k hay khng.
Bc 6 : a ni dung vo
Trong trng hp tt nht, cc khung dnh cho vn bn v ha s c in vo bng ni dung
thc s ca n mt cch d dng v n khp. Tuy nhin iu ny him khi xy ra v mt l, hnh
nh v vn bn a vo c th khng va vi khung thit k dnh cho n nh d nh ban u. Cn
phi thm mt s thao tc na mi c th thc hin xong chuyn ny.
vic a ni dung vo tht s n gin, n khp, cn phi gi mi lin lc tt gia cc thnh
vin lin quan nh ngi thit k, ngi minh ha, ngi vit ni dung, ngi bin tp, v ngi
qun tr server, Sau y l mt s hng dn cho vic thc hin tt bc ny :
1. Trc tin hy cho cc trang hot ng cc b, ring l d kim tra, hiu chnh, nh gi,
...
2. Lm vic theo module, ngha l cho nhm cc trang lin quan nhau hot ng tri chy
trc khi m rng ra.
3. ng ngi thay i mt quyt nh thit k trc . C th bn gi nh sai, hoc l
cng ngh thay i vo lc a ni dung vo,
Bc 7 : Kim tra v nh gi
Cc trang hiu qu nht l kt qu ca vic thit k v nh gi cn thn. Mt web site tr gi na
triu la c th c n 70% tng chi ph dnh cho vic thit k v nh gi. Sau y l mt s
bc thc hin vic ny:
1. Kim tra hot ng ca cc lin kt ni b v cc ngun ti nguyn.
2. Kim tra chnh xc ca cc lin kt ngoi. Khng c g t hn l cc lin kt vi cc
trang bn ngoi khng cn tn ti na, hoc l c chuyn n ni khc, hoc l khng cn
ph hp na.
3. Th cc trang vi nhiu trnh duyt khc nhau. Thc hin iu ny kim tra tnh tng
thch ca trang vi cc trnh duyt, xem th thit k trang tn dng ht cc h tr ca
trnh duyt cha,
4. Th cc trang bng nhiu cch kt ni khc nhau. Th xem vic hin th cc trang c nh
hng nh th no nu kt ni bng mng cc b, ng kt ni tc cao, ng in
thoi,
5. Th cc trang tnh trng mc truy cp cao. Nu server ca bn chy tt trong cc gi
cao im th nhng gi khc c th chp nhn c.
6. Th cc trang vi nhiu dng ngi dng khc nhau. Nu trang ca bn cp v cc mi
quan tm chung th hy tranh th th trang web vi nhng ng s, bn b, Hy ghi ch
v quan st. C th bn s khng cn thay i phin bn ca trang web nhng bn s cn cc
thng tin v trang lin tc c cp nht ha.
Trn y l cc bc gip bn c th to cc trang web tt. Chc cc bn thnh cng.

L nh Duy
ldduy@fit.hcmuns.edu.vn