xtexb awri iqxt

a"ryz zpyl 2011/

yicii zeaxze dipnex zecdi zece` xwgne zextql
milyexi
2011 xranrvrc ohq21 mrc ,a"ryz elqka d"k
3
mipiipr okez
qxtd ihtey zehlgd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
zeaxz zelirt lr cecir qxta mikefd zecqen
dipnex i`vei micedi ly zeaxzl inlerd cebi`d - .x.e`.n.w.` . . 6
ht`ylrfrbxehlew ryicii - yicii zeaxzl dxagd . . . . . . 7
ocq ac lrtn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- yicii xtql fkxnd Yiddish Book Center . . . . . . . . . . 9
dxivid cecirl qxta mikefd zeaxz ilirte mixweg ,mixvei
qtl` wgvi x"c axd i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
`icpxa ei'bxq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
xlb awri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
oncle dnly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
xpxh ohlef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
oihwxh jexa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
iwqeeiwpi l`kin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
oiil ilehp` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
oniep dpyey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
xbpiclqrlq edil` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
bxaphqxit dix` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
cenile xwgn zeblna mikefd mihpcehq
ic`iped xeane'f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
yxid (leelree) a`f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
dtlee dwax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
cxbepie zicedi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
oixh mixn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
onhex eb`ic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4
rinrxRxrR`xb wri xrc oe zepwY ic oe
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xtexb awri y"r qxtd zepwzn 30
rinrxRxrR`xb wri xrc oe oh`rxe`l
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xtexb awri y"r qxt ipzg zniyx 31
5
qxtd ihtey zehlgd
,rlq edil` x"c ,x"ei - xhky x"cn zakxend ,xtexb qxt ly mihteyd zcre
xt wiprdl dhilgd ,xciw oexd` x"ce on cenile xwgn zeblna zekfle cecir iq
miwqerd mihpcehqe mixvei ,zecqen 2011/a"ryz zpyl xtexb awri y"r oxwd
.dtexi` gxfne dipnex icedi zecleze yicii zeaxz xwge getih ,xeniya
zecqend ekf zeaxz zelirt lr cecir qxta :
dipnex i`vei micedi ly zeaxzl inlerd cebi`d - .x.e`.n.w.` lr -
xwgl dnexze ux`a dipnex i`vei axwa mipy jxe`l zizeaxz zelirt
.dipnexa micedid zeclez
ht`ylrfrbxehlew ryicii - yicii zeaxzl dxagd dzcnzd lr -
zelirt milyexia yicii iade` ly on`p xeaivl mipy jxe`l rivdl
.dztya zizeki`e dxiyr zizeaxz
ocq ac lrtn lr - zixard dhiqxaipe`a yicii zextq xwgl dxczwd cil
meqxt ,xeniy ,yicii zeaxze zextq xwg megza zvxnpde dtprd ezelirt
zexecd aexiwe ,mipey mildwl micreind mipeebn mihqwh ly dvtde
.mipey dxivi ibeql mixirvd
yicii xtql fkxnd - Yiddish Book Center itl` zwixq lrtn lr -
wiprdl zpn lr hpxhpi`d zyxl mz`lrde yiciia enqxtzdy mixtq
.elek mlera agxd xeaivl mdil` ziyteg dyib
6
zeaxzd ilirte mixwegd ,mixveid ekf dxivid cecir qxta :
iqtl` wgvi x"c axd gxfna zeciqgd xwg megza diixetd ezcear lr -
.dipnexa zeciqgd xwgl eznexze dtexi`
`icpxa ei'bxq extqa c`lxa zlidwa micedid iig ly dgvpde xwg lr -
."danixhq"
xlb awri .dipnex icedi zeclez xwgl daeygd eznexz lr -
oncle dnly icedi z`ey - iq`i wiz ,ize` gvip `l dlewxc" extq meqxt lr -
."dnlredy dipnex
xpxh ohlef micedid iig ly ipeifieelhde ireplewd cerizl eznexz lr -
.cgeina d`eyd ztewzae ,llka dipnexa
oihwxh jexa xeaigd ly zagxend zixard dxecdnd ly xe`l d`ved lr -
."`"k-f"h ze`na dipe`be dipnex ipaxl dictelwivp`"
iwqeeiwpi l`kin oyix`hqid otie` wilawixev xrp `" xtqd meqxt lr -
."lxebocii
oiil ilehp` q`a on` xnfk mipy jxe`l zizeki`de dtprd ezelirt lr -
.yiciia zilwiqend zeaxzd ly dxyrde meciw ornl oehixa
oniep dpyey zxeqnd z` xeivae azka migivpnd mixtq dyely meqxt lr -
.dpiaewea oetv icedi ly zizeaxzd
xbpiclqrlq edil` dlrnd ,"minelr onei - ztezd xg`" xtqd meqxt lr -
ux`a yxzydl zexg` zevx` lye dixhqipqpxh inezi ly wa`nd z`
.d`eyd ixg`
bxaphqxit dix` getih ,xeniyl mipy zexyr jyna zipebaxd ezelirt lr -
eznexze mipey mixeaiv axwa zicedid dwiqend zexve` ly dvtde
.milyexia yicii zeaxzl dxagd zeipkezl dcakpd
7
mihpcehqd ekf cenile xwgn zeblna :
ic`iped xeane'f ely dfzd zcear z` milynd hytcean ipy x`ezl hpcehq -
"d`xid cenr" ,dixbpeda oey`x icedi zrazk lr xwgn - l`xyia
.xbpifly sqei `aiwr 'x xe`l `ivedy
yxid (leelree) a`f miinegzax micenila oey`x x`ezl hpcehq -
.yicii zeaxza zegnzd mr milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a
dtlee dwax ,milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a iyily x`ezl zihpcehq -
."dlkydd zextqa mid zerqne mid" lr xehwec zcear zazekd
cxbepie zicedi zazekd ,oli`xa zhiqxaipe`a iyily x`ezl zihpcehq -
agxnd oia dwifd lr :ytpd zenedze xird iagxn" lr xehwec zcear
,xbpif i"i ly mip`nexa ocae`e zepqxd ,xekip ly zeieeg aevirl ipaxe`d
."dlxt 'ie oea`x 'i ,dc`xb 'g ,xbpifqiaya 'i
oixh mixn zxwegd ,milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a iyily x`ezl zihpcehq -
dazkpy (ziplete zipnxb ,zixar ,yicii) zipeylaxd zixiyd dxivid z`
.diipyd mlerd zngln zepya zepgnae ze`hba
onhex eb`ic azekd ,milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a iyily x`ezl hpcehq -
.xk`neye o`biyfc ly yiciia ipexh`izd lrtnd lr xehwec zcear
9
zeaxz zelirt lr cecir qxta mikefd zecqen
a"ryz zpyl xtexb oxwn 2011/
micedi ly zeaxzl inlerd cebi`d - .x.e`.n.w.`
dipnex i`vei
zelirt ldpn dpy dze` f`ne ,aia`lza 1980a cqep caeknd ixeaivd cqend
ly ezey`xa ,cebi`d .dipnex zecdi zeaxz xwge dvtd ,getih aiaq zipebax
zeizeaxz zeieqpkzd oebx`a micgein mibyidl ribd ,yiluiaeail dnly x"c
mirbepd mi`yep epecip oda ,dzaiaqe aia`lza mitzzyn zeax zeiztewz
d miycg mixtq ,dipnex zecdi ly dxarl dpyi cebi`d oerna .'eke xe`l mi`vei
.mi`xew ze`n da mixwany ,zipnexa xwira ,zety yya dxiyr diixtq
ipebx`e gex iyp` mr miqgid ewcdzde ekld ,dipnexa xhynd iepiy f`n
mipeikx`l dyib zpzip ,rcin itelig ly zelert eniiwzd ;miipnex zeaxz
lrt .x.e`.n.w.` oky ,cgeina aeyg df haid .ok iptl mixebq eidy dipnexa
lr miixewn zecerze mixneg ly xeniye seqi` megza mipyd jxe`l dcnzda
on miax mixweg ynyn .x.e`.n.w.` ly xiyrd oeikx`d .dipnex icedi ly mxar
.dipnex icedi ly mxar xwgl rbepd lka mlerd one ux`d
10
hty`lrfrbxehlew ryicii - yicii zeaxzl dxagd
.milyexi ziixir ly dkinzae zeqga zlretd dzenr `id yicii zeaxzl dxagd
ldw xear zizeki`e dxiyr zizeaxz zelirt dpy 35 df zniiwzn dzxbqna
ly milrtdax y`x ayei ,uipec ikcxn .dztya "oeylrn`n" ixaec ly on`p
,mixteq mze`l dna reay icin miwiprn ,xeqn mixfer zeev mr cgi ,dxagd
zeaxz zexve` getihe xeniyy dincw` iyp` ,mixweg ,xeaiv iyp` ,mi`pezir
lr ,zipxcene ziqlw yicii zextq lr ze`vxdd .maill miaexw ux`a yicii
,epiniae xara zeicedid zelidwd iig lr ,l`xyi ibg lr ,xelwlete dwiqen
.ax oiiprl zekef zizepn` zipkez ieeila
zixan miycg milere miwize ,d`ey ilevip ,mi`lnib maexa md dzenrd ixag
reawd ldwd l` ,z`f mr cgi .dwixn` mexce oetv zevx`n e` xaryl zevrend
xirvd xecd ipae l"egn mixiiz zeaexw mizrl mitxhvn reay icn qpkznd
l` rceezdl zexyt`de dngd dxiee`d on mipdpd ,yicii zeaxze oeyl iaaeg
.mi`yep ly agx oeebn
11
ocq ac lrtn
2002 zpya cqep dtexi` gxfn zecdie yicii icenil ,yicii xwgl ocq ac lrtn
dhiqxaipe`a yicii zextq xwgl dxczwd on jehpiiy l`igi xeqtext ici lr
zextqe oeyl icenil megza mincwzn mihpcehq szyl jxevl dprnk ,zixard
reviae oepkza (mihpxehwechqete mihpxehwec ,xnb zecear iazek) yicii
.yicii zeaxz zeclez itpr xgana xwgne d`xedl geeh ikex` mihwiext
odizetewzl ocq ac zexb` meqxt `id ocq ac lrtn ly jex` geehl dxhnde
.eiazk geztine
mitqep mineqxte ,mixtq dpeny ocq ac lrtn mqxt zepexg`d mipyd jldna
mixiy" xrlqrv l`eny ly extq xe`l `vi 2011 hqebe`a .dpkda mi`vnp
ciia miclil mixie`n dpkde dkixr ly mipexg` mialya mi`vnp ."zixarae yi
yxenxn lr xwgn ,zixarl mebxz ieeila yiciia mibel`ice mibelepen xtq qetcl
revia ly mincwzn mialya `vnpd sqep hwiext .uxwoxw mgpn x"c ly hbiq
dbede i`pezird ,xteqd zexb` ly (dyely jezn) oey`xd jxkd meqxt `ed
.zexrde `ean ieeila ,xlbixhy ikcxn zercd
exarei ,ipey`x oein xg`l ,xy` miihxt mipeikx` xtqn elivd lrtnd ixag
zeyxl ecnrei my ,milyexia zine`ld diixtqa mipeikx`de cidiazk zwlgnl
oeikx`d zine`ld dixtqd zeyxl exared eiykr cr .dzeaxze yicii ixweg
.bxacleb ilile edil` ly ihxtd mpeikx`n wlge xlbixhy ikcxn ly ihxtd
zpn lr dwinrn ziyi` dkxcdl mikef mincwzn mihpcehq ,lrtnd zxbqna
mihwiextd reviaa lreta mitzzyn mdn wlge ,mdixwgn reviaa mze` mcwl
.mipeyd
12
yicii xtql fkxnd Yiddish Book Center
80d zepya zixad zevx`a iwqp`l oexd` ici lr cqepy ,yicii xtql fkxnd
mixtq ly dvtde oein ,seqi`l gilvn lrtnl dxdna jtd ,dxary d`nd ly
elvip ,mixirv miyp` ly dveaw icia ldpzdy ,df lrtn zekfa .yicii oeyla
e`) jynda exknp xb`nd on miax miwzer .mipey mibeqn mixtq oeilink dilkn
llek ,mlera zepey zevx`a zeixeaive zei`hiqxaipe` zeixtql (dpzna epzip
l` rceezdl miycg mildwe zexecl xyt`l zpn lr ,oti e` oiq ,dtexi` gxfn
.yicii zextq zexve`
,miihxt minxeze miicqnn minxeb ly aicp reiqae ,dibelepkhd zegztzd mr
zllekd ,bxalitq oaihq y"r zilhibicd diixtqd z` 90d zepya fkxnd miwd
hpxhpi`d zyxl dlrd fkxnd zepexg`d mipya .miax ze`ivnixwi mineqxt mb
ziyteg dyib cg` lkl xyt`l zpn lr ,ewxqpy dl`n mikxk 11,000 jxra
.mdil`
13
zeaxz ilirte mixweg ,mixvei
xtexb oxwn dxivid cecir qxta mikefd
a"ryz zpyl 2011/
iqtl` wgvi x"c axd
l"dva oivwk zxiy .xeb iciqgn zqqean dgtyna aia` lza 1929a clep
lretd ly lretd cre xag did .l"khnd ly zeaxzd zcre x"eik yniye
"ei ,igxfnd miax miixeaiv miciwtz `line zixa ipa ly zivx`d dvrend x
'xgyd' zllkna dvxne oli`xa zhiqxaipe`a xika dvxn xara did .mitqep
.aia` lz ziixir ly
;zi`ncw` dxeva zeiciqgd zeitxbeiad fekix megza wqry oey`xd `ed
zecleza eze`iwa lya .zepeivl zeciqgd oia xywa dwqr ely xehwecd zcear
axwa dax dkxrde dxkdl ,oeixehqidk od mkg cinlzk od ,dkf `ed zeciqgd
itl`e ze`nl micakp mikxr cgii zeciqgl dictelwivp`ae eixtqa .mipey mibeg
mipyd jldna dkf `ed .migkyp eid ezcear ilely mipenl` miciqg ly zeienc
ly zipxez zextql wew axd qxte dlynnd y`x qxt mdipia ,mipey miqxta
.aia` lz ziixir
zipax dbdpdde ziciqgd drepzd xwgl mb zeax mxz iqtl` wgvi x"c axd
z`veda ,"dipnexa zeciqgd" xtqd z` mqxt `ed ,1973a .dipnex zecdi ly
eze`a agxene jynd xtqa wqer `ed xeaivd zyixc it lre ,aia` lz ,'dlebq'
ze`na dipe`be dipnex ipaxl dictelwivp`" ly ircn jxerk yniy `ed .`yep
xe`l z`vl cnerd ,'uiaewyxd a`fo`i'vele oihwxh jexa z`n ,"`"k-f"h
.aexwa
14
`icpxa ei'bxq
xtqd ziaa dligz cnl `ed .miilrp zepg eia`l did my ,1933a c`lxaa clep
`vi okn xg`l .ipnex oekiz xtq zia miiq dnglnd ixg`e dlidwd ly icedid
care c`lxal ay x`ezd meiq mr .dqcpd icenil dwipkhileta cnl my ,iq`il
.1974a ezgtyn mr ux`l eziilr cr xira
mr .diilvxda zi`avd diiyrza zeixg` ilra miciwtza yniy l`xyia
ezeida cer ligzd day ,zihqivilaet zelirtl xfg `ed ,1992a diqptl ez`ivi
dtya zriazkae dipnexa zriazka mipey mixn`n meqxt caln .hpcehq
iigl mirbepd miixehqid zexewne ceriz xezi`a weqrl lgd ,l`xyia zipnexd
ilra mre dipnexa mixweg mr mixyw xvi `ed .c`lxa icedi zeaxzle dlidwd
ly xwira ,xira icedid xard zgvpd z` mcwl zpn lr ezcled xira miciwtz
.1977 zpya dnc`d yrxa (lecbd zqpkd zia hrnl) lilk eaxgpy zqpkd iza
extq ,dipnex ,iq`ia mqxtzd 2010a Strmba `ean ixac mr ,(dnewrd)
lr miiyi` zepexkif xagnd dlrn df itxbeiaehe` onex iwxta .waep diexb ly
,diipyd mlerd zngln ixg`e iptl c`lxaa eiiga zeieygxzd lre ezgtyn
mr mdiqgi z` ,mdilk`ne mdibdpn lr micedid ly miigd gxe` z` x`zn
`ld miayezd on e`viy my iyp` ly mdizeiencl mieew hhxyn s`e ,miicedi
dlidwd iiga wqer ,qetca dzr `vnpd ,`icpxa ei'bxq ly sqep xtq .dlidwd
.dipnexa zicedid
15
xlb awri
liawnae ycew icenil dxez cenlza cnl .1930a ,dipnex ,ielq`e dxiira clep
,oeyld z`xed ly dlernd dhiyd zekfa .dlidwd ly xtqd ziaa zixar cnl
ezeida ,1947 zpya ,mipy xtqn xeark .dixea lr zixar rci 10 liba xak
witqd `ed .icedid xtqd ziaa zixar cnll ligzd ,zipnex diqpnib cinlz
.1951 uxna ux`l dlry iptl iq`ia dwipkhileta cg` xhqnixh cenll
ziaa okn xg`le ,ekra "igxfn" xtq ziaa dxenk dpen `ed ,e`ea mr cin
,inelya xtq zia ldpnk yniy 1956 zpya lgd .dixdp zxarna izcd xtqd
,mixen zkxcda wqr ,micrende mibgd z`xedl zexaeg xaig ,deewz gztae
milyd 1970-1964 mipyd oia ."jepigd"e "jepigd cd"a mixn`n mqxtl lgde
lr xwgn ,ely xehwecd zcear z` .oli`xa zhiqxaipe`a ipye oey`x x`ez
.1982 zpya milyd ,dipnexa zicedid dlidwd
xlb awri oeixehqidd dlrd mipyd jldna mqxty miaxd mixn`nde mixtqa
mixeaig yicwdy oey`xd xwegd did `ed .dipnex zecdi xwgl dcakp dnexz
,zelidwd zepwz z` mqxt ,dipnexa zeicxtqde zeifpky`d zelidwd dpanl
zexag mr d`eeyd jez ,ciiazkn dwcvle cqgl ,dxeawl zeyecwd zexagd
,"dipnexa micxtqd micedid" :eixtq oia .zexg`e oilet zelidwa zeyecw
.dlidw ly dzriwye dzginv" ;1983 ,jepigd cxyne oli`xa zhiqxaipe`
- m"alnd" ;1985 ,aia` lz ,zyxen ,"dipnexa micxtqde mifpky`d micedid
;2000 ,cel ,axbnd zecdi zexe` ,"hyxweaa dnxetxae dlkyda ewa`n
zecdi zexe` ,"1944-1940 ,d`eyd ztewza dipnex icedi ly zipgexd dcinrd"
.2003 ,cel ,axbnd
16
oncle dnly
z` .1948a ux`l elr ,dipnex ,iq`i icili ,eixed .1956a l`xyia clep
mipy xtqn car xicq zexyn exexgy ixg` .cwy zxiiqa dyr i`avd ezexy
miwd s`e ihxt xwegk caer 1983a lgd .l`xyi zxhyn ly awrnd zcigia
zynd zexiwg cxyn .zeakxen zexiwga mizrl sz
.ihxt xwege mgelk ely miigd oeiqip z` mix`znd mixtq dyely mqxt `ed
;zinvr d`veda ,2000a mqxtzd "ihxt yla ly eizelilr - mec` lrey" xtqd
;fenz z`veda ,2003a mqxtzd "rytn sg ly epegvpe ewa`n - qpxa qenr"
,2010a mqxtzd ,"424 digi cwy zxiiq ingel ly mxetiq - gvpl cwy"
.dilc ueaiw ly "zkxrn" z`veda
- eze` gvip `l dlewxc" extq z` l"pd d`veda oncle dnly mqxt 2010a
lr xwgn zepy ray riwyd `ed ea ,"dnlredy dipnex icedi z`ey ,iq`i wiz
jez ,dipnex icedi z`eya ifkxn rxe`n ,iq`ia mexbetd zr wiecna crzl zpn
xxerl eilry yg `ed ,ipyd xecd oak .ihxt xwegk epeiqipa yeniy dyer `edy
mixeyr jyna dyhyehy dipnex icedi z`eyl agxd xeaivd axwa al zneyz
mebxze zeiecr ziiab zervn`a .mlerae l`xyia mb `l` dipnexa wx `l
zakx ly dlelqn xefgyl mdipia ,miycg miielibl ribd `ed miiceriz zexewn
leaba dvineliyxlw xira dxvre 1941 ipeia iq`in d`viy dpey`xd zeend
.dixblea
ine`lpiad oeknd y`x ,onxheb dla x"c ici lr zircn dkixr xar xtqd
ixg` .'mye ci' zkinza ,xzid oia ,dzkf xe`l ez`vede ,'mye ci'a d`eyd xwgl
xagnd hwily sqep rcin .miax micd xxer `ed ,2001 zpya zxeywzl ribdy
mei z`xwl z`vl zppkeznd d`ad dxecdnl qpkii xtql eaibdy milevip itn
.2012a d`eyd
17
xpxh ohlef
,mi`yep oeebn lr miixhpnewec mihxq ieniaa wqr my ,1932a dipnexa clep
.micaekn miqxtl ekf mwlgy
zxbqna erevwna zizxivid ezceara jiynd 1988a ux`l eziilr ixg`
zeclez lr miwxt 14 zlra dxcq ,xzid oia ,miiae azk `ed .zikepigd difieelhd
dpey`xl dpiev ef dxcqa .dpy icn zxceyn oiicry ,zipxcend dtewza micedid
xviy ztqep dxcq .l`xyi zpicn oiipale zepeivl dipnexn diilrd ly dznexz
micedid iigl zycwen ,miixhpnewec mihxq 12 da ,zikepigd difieelhd cear
dyiya .cere d`cxe` ,hbiq ,iedexec ,uiaepx'v ,iq`i ,dipnexa zeifkxn zelidwa
icedi z`ey zeclezn miwxt zil`efieeice` dicna dpey`xl mipecip mihxqd on
dkf ef ezcear lr .zeend zeakx ,iq`ia mexbetd ,dixhqipqpxhl yexibd :dipnex
.l"egae ux`a milaihqta miqxta xveid
zipnexd dtya l`xyi lew ixeciya xeh lra xpxh ohlef did mipy ray jyna
.l`xyile zecdil mirbepd zepn`de zeaxzd megza mi`yep dlrd ezxbqnae
zexiwq 60n xzei l`xyia zipnexa mi`veid mipey zriazka mqxt s` `ed
i`vei mil`xyi mixteq ly mzxivi lr xwira ,zextq zxewia ly mixn`ne
z`veda .dipnex Cartea romaneasca dxiy ixtq ipy xe`l e`vi hyxweaa
zxeqnle ,micedid zeaxz iyp`l eaexa ycwen oexg`d df ,azky zeqn uaewe
z`veda rited dpexg`l .zicedid Hasefer xen` aexwae ,dfext uaew
.zeqn uaew d`ved dze`a mqxtzdl
18
oihwxh jexa
xg`le ,hyx`weaae ezcled xira xtq ziaa cnl .1928a ,dipnex ,iq`ia clep
dpnp ,oihwxh wgvi ,eig` .hyx`wea ly ipkhiletd oekna miincw` micenil okn
.'dnexhq' diipe`d lr 1942 zpya etqpy militrnd mr
zrdazka reaw szzyn `ed .1950a l`xyil dlr oihwxh jexa Realitatea
evreiasca oereayae ,hyx`weaa `veid , Jurnalul saptamnii lza `veid ,
mixtqd z`ved ly zecdi ipiiprl ureik ynyn `ed .aia` Hasefer
dxezd znkegn" :ely miaeyg mixeaig drax` enqxtzd ef d`veda .hyx`weaa
mbeviie zeik"pzd zeiencd oelin" ;(2003a diipy dxecdn) 2000a ,"zeciqgde
2002a ,ewqpihphqpew .q dwixeie xeqtext mr zetzeya azkpy ,"zepn`a
;2004a "icedid mrd inkg zevr - zea` iwxt" ;(2007a diipy dxecdn)
o`i'vel mr zetzeya azkpy ,"21-16 ze`nd ,ipnexd agxna zeipax zeiegkep"
zixard dxecdnd .2009 zpyl xtexb awri qxta dkfe 2008a ,'uiaewyxd a`f
zgz 'wew axd cqen' z`veda xe`l z`vl zcner df aeyg xtq ly zagxend
."`"k-f"h ze`na dipe`be dipnex ipaxl dictelwivp`" myd
zipnexd dtya mixteqd zecg`zd ly lretd creea xag `ed oihwxh jexa
obq ,l`xyia dipnex icedi oe`ifen zpkda wqerd lretd creea xag ,l`xyia
.ray x`aa 'dnexhq' oe`ifen `iyp
19
iwqeeiwpi (lkin) l`kin
a my cnl .dhil ,dpaewa 1926a clep uext cr mkilr mely y"r diqpnib
ixg` .htpl ipkh oekna cnl my ,ohqiwafe`l hlnp dnglnd ztewza .dnglnd
diilrl cr erevwna car .dpliee zhiqxaipe`a dlklk icenil cnl ,`hill eaey
.1990a ux`l
.yicii zeaxz ly getihe xeniy megza iwqeeiwpi l`kin lrt mipyd lk jyna
lniid yihree`q"a yiciia mixn`n mqxte azk `ed qwl`t"ae (deewqen) "cp
ziqexd zepezira micedi mi`yep zece` lr azk ok enke (dyx`e) "rnihy
ielba `hazdl zexyt`d el dpzip ux`l eziilr ixg` wx ,z`f mr .zi`hilde
etqp mkezn 95% jxray `hil icedi ly mlxeb lr xwira ,miae`k mi`yep lr
.yicii oeyl ly aevrd dlxeb lre ,d`eya
mixn`n mqxtle aezkl lgd `ed ,mipn`p miixehqid zexewna oeir xg`l
xtqa dpexg`l eqpek mixn`nd .mlerae ux`a zriazka ziqexae yiciia mipey
,wieeiil .d z`veda mqxtzdy ,"lxebocii oyix`hqid otie` wilawixev xrp `"
ihiiaeqd oehlydy zexifbd lr miwxte miiyi` zepexkif mb llek xtqd .aia` lz
.yicii zeaxz cbpe micedid cbp lirtd
20
oiil ilehp`
mipyd oia .1964a dwiqenl xtq zia miiq .dpi`xwe` ,wviipec xira clep
dixe`izde gevipd ,zizepn`d dxiyd megza ddeab dlkyd ykx 1970-1965
elld minegza mlzydl jiynd 1975-1970 mipyd oia .zilwiqend
zilwee dwiqenl dllkna eicenil z` miiq 1979a .aiiw ly oeixehaxqpewa
liawna .zipenxdlitd zxenfzae ,dxte`a oleqk car 1985 zpya lgd .wviipeca
mixiy ly zeipkez dlrd `ed da ,dphw dna cqii mb `ed .lew gezitl dxen did
.yiciia
xnfk zilwiqen dxiixwa oiil ilehp` jiynd 1991a ux`l eziilr ixg`
sxhvd od enke aia` lza dxte` irtena szzyd `ed .jxren oehixaq`a
meciwe getihl zcgein dnexz dlrd `ed .zepfg zeipkeza my ireci mipfgl
icil e`a mday ,yiciia miax mihxvpewe zeipkeza eizerteda ux`a yicii zeaxz
ly x`ehxtxd .dwinrnd zilwiqend ezeignene ilwee rvank epexyik iehia
i`wiqend mr ,2002 f`n ,dlertd seziy zekfa agxzde jld yiciia oiil ilehp`
dwiqen ly zexivi oeebn ly yiciil ceaira dgnznd ,htflt` xcpqkl`
zeipkeza adlp ldw ipta riten `ed ,yiciia miixewn mixiy caln .ziq`lw
ly zizepne` dxiy ,miphiletp mixiy ,zeqpnex ,zexte`n zeix` zellekd
.cere oiihypiaex ,iwqaewii'v ,bixb ,oeqlcpn ,hxaey
21
oniep dpyey
'awri zia' zyx ly micli oba dcnl my ,dipnex ,uiaepx'va 1931a dclep
mr dyxeb 1941a .xiivl dad` xirv libn .yicii dziid da cenild ztyy
ehba etqp dig` ipye dia` ,miywd mi`pzd oiba .dixhqipqpxhl dzgtyn
1950-1946 mipya .uiaepx'vl dni` mr dxfg ,1944a ,xexgyd ixg` .c`yxa
oexyk z` elib my ,hyxweaa hxe` xtq zial dribde minezi iza oia dccp
.dly xeivd
jez xiivl dxfg 1966a .dgtyn dniwde dni` mr cgi ux`l dzlr 1950a
ipy qxtl dzkf 1976a .zyegp ihixgza mb dwqre ,zepey zewipkha yeniy
iptl ebbgpy itk ,l`xyi ibg" `yepa zyegp hixgz lr xard zygnd megza
.l`xyia milqtde mixiivd zceb`a dxagk dlawzd 1978a ."d`eyd
miicedi milnqa zeivifetnew zxivia dzegnzd dzkf zcgein dkxrdl
ixveil jyndd xec z` zbviink zaygp `ide xiip zexfbn zepn` zxbqna
lrne zekexrz 50ka dtzzyd mipyd jldna .zeizxeqn zeicedi xiip zexfbn
.l"egae ux`a mipe`ifena zeievn dizecearn 100
zepexkf ,dixhqipqpxh z`ey ,zeend zklnna zecli" dxtq mqxtz 2006a
oetva micrene mibg" :mitqep mixeaig ipy enqxtzd 2011a ."xeivae azka
"xiip zexfbn ,xeivae azka zecli zepexkf ceriz ,(dipnex oetv) dpiaewea
."dpiaewea oetvn zixar/yiciia xelwlete zexn`"e
22
xbpiclqrlq edil`
q"diaa ok enke 'dxez cenlz'ae 'xcg'a cnl .dipnex ,hxiq xira 1930a clep
icedi mr yxeb ,dxFbcqa eaq lv` gx`zdy zra ,1941 eizqa .ipnexd innrd
ly ezgtyn .dxihqipqpxhl zeen zcirva myne (diaxqaa) hWlEwxnl dxiird
ehbl apbzdle dxiiyd on ,mitqep miyxebn mr cgi ,gexal dgilvd edil`
.ze`ix zwlcn xhtp 1943a ;ipnxb diitk dpgnl glype qtzp eia` .c`yxa
.iq`il minezik exared xexgyd ixg`e ehbd i`pza ecxy dphwd ezeg`e edil`
.hyt`ceal ribd dzi` ,hyx`weaa militrn zveawl jk xg` sxhvd edil`
miig' militrnd ziip` lr ux`l `vi ,dilhi`a 'epialq zia'a ddy jynda
,edil` .oiqixtwl hcpnd zepehly ici lr elbed militrnd j` ,'aexefelx`
ux`l ribd xac ly eteqae 'mikixcnl xpinq'a my cnl ,zixara ahid hlyy
.1947 eizqa
.'deewzgzt zelretdwyn' i`lwgd xtqd zia ziinipta care cnl dligz
dpnzd 1975a .ux`a mipey zenewna zikepig dceare d`xedl dpt jynda
,1964a milyexil e`ea mr .milyexia miiceqi xtq iza ipy ly ldpnl edil`
xteqd lr dfz zaizka ipy x`ez milyd my ,zixard dhiqxaipe`a cenll lgd
.oncixt awri xxeynd lr xehwec zceara iyily x`eze 'uiaewxa c"i ipeylecd
:mixtq ipy meqxtl liaed df aeyg yicii xveia edil` ly ixwgnd weqird
,"l`xyil dixhqipqpxhn"e ,e"pyz ,(mikxk ipy) "dhlra hhex rexw xzin"
.2009 zpyl 'oiihyted cec' qxta eze` dkif s`y ,b"qyz
,eixwgn meqxt xg`l ,ok lr ;eixerp f`n zihqixhla daizka mb wqer edil`
iyigq" .qetcl mzpwzdle ,dfexte dxiy ,mifepb ciiazk znlydl dptzd
mipy ray" onexd ,2007a rited zexgae mixerp ixiy hwl ,"dixhqipqpxh
mixetiq uaewe 2009a "d`ey mezi zepeibd" mixiyd xgan ,2008a "ixg`
- ztezd xg`" extq mqxtzdl jled aexwa .2010a "ztxehn zeity" mixvw
.dixg` cine d`eyd zepya dipnexa micedid lxeb z` dlrnd ,"minelr onei
23
bxaphqxit dix`
xtqd zia meiq ixg` .xepika obip xirv libn .1912a ,oilet ,a'v`keqa clep
cnll lgd 22 liba .dyx`e ly oeixehaxqpewa dwiqen cenll `vi iceqid
xira zeldwn izy lr gvip s`e ,a'v`keqa 'dpai' xtqd ziaa dxnife dwiqen
.zixarae yiciia exyy
z` xearl zeax el riiq exepik .zevrend zixal gxa `ed dnglnd uext mr
exzep `l ezclen xiray oeeik ,oiletl eaey xg`l .zeywd dnglnd zepy
cnile zeienlzyd xar `ed my .zizgz difly ,ji'fal`ea ayiizd `ed ,micedi
zeldwn izy lr gvip `ed ,liawna .dxnife dwiqen uxt l"i y"r xtq ziaa
mr mirten dlrd `ed .dphw zixnw zxenfz miwd s`e zipleta yelye yiciia
.wihxiarb ikcxne xbp`n wivi` ly mixiy
.(v"rn) zeixeaiv zecearl zwlgna mipy 28k care l`xyil dlr 1950a
ipeyld xnegd zpkda wqry zeeva szzydl onfed `ed ,diqptl `viy xg`l
xryicii xrc oet jeaxrhxree xrqiexb"d ly iyingd jxkl qpkidl xen` didy
dceard ."j`xRy mipyla zxaga ,df aeyg i`pelin lrtna mipy ray jyna
z` dwinrdy ,daidln dieeg bxaphqxit dix` xear dziid ,ax oeiqip ilra
.ad` dky yiciid zty mr ezexkid
zelirta ux`a jiynd `ed j` ,oiletn `viy drya cer mxged exepik
ly dirvane dipbx`nn did mipy zexyr jyna .yiciia dtpr zilwiqen
,milyexia yicii zeaxzl dxagd ly miireayd miybtna zizepn`d zipkezd
efkxnay ,df beg ly rtend .ihnxc beg ,mixag mr cgi ,miwd s` dzxbqnay
miveaiwa ,mipecrena dlredyk dax dglvdl dkf ,wihxiab ikcxn ly mixiy
agxzde jld ely x`ehxtxd ,mipyd jldna .dpicnd iagx lka zea` izaae
.mitqep miax mixiyl
mr yiciia l`xyi lew zeipkeza zeax minrt szzyd bxaphqxit dix`
,mixn`n xtqn mb mqxt my ,wxeieipa "qhxreext"a erited mwlgy ,mixetiq
.mixiyl azky zepibpn ly mieeze
24
xtexb oxwn xwgne micenil zeblna mikefd
a"ryz zpyl 2011/
ic`iped xeane'f
lgd 2005a .2004a diqpnibd icenil z` miiq my ,1985a hytceaa clep
zxbqna .hytceaa cpxel yeehe` zhiqxaipe`a zilbp`e zecdid ircn cenll
zewinrn zerici ykxe zixar oeyla mlzyd zecdid ircna ipy x`ezl eicenil
yniye mewna zicedid dlidwd iiga lirt did `ed .yicii zeaxze oeyla
ly micedid dipt z` xikdl ick l"egn eribdy micedi mixiizl jixcnk
xz`a miicedi mi`yep lr zeiepyxte mixn`n mqxt `ed ,liawna .hytcea
.ixbped hpxhpi`
zaiyia cnle zecdia eizerici z` milydl ick l`xyil `a `ed 2009a
znlyd lr dzr cwey `ed .ziaihaxqpewd daiyid ly uiwd qxewae dxez xe`n
mixicp mixnega riizqn `edy jez milyexia ipy x`ezl ely xnbd zcear
,dixbpeda oey`x icedi zrazk `ed dceard `yep .zine`ld diixtqa miievnd
f"kxz-e"kxz mipya xbpifly sqei `aiwr 'x xe`l `ivedy ,"d`xid cenr"
zxhn .bxeayxt zaiyia xteq mzgd ly ecinlz didy zra ,(1867-1866)
axrna dbedpd zcgeind zicedid oeyla qtcedy ,zrdazk ly mipkzd gezip
dxhle`d mxfd ly zizeaxzd dixehqida reci izla ot xi`dl `id ,dixbped
.iqwecezxe`
25
yxid (leelree) a`f
jpgzde ,zi`hil yicii zxaecd ,ziciqg dgtyna 1981a wxeieipa clep
sipqa ddbde dkixra wqre 2001a ux`l dlr .`xieewq zeciqg ly zecqena
.divilba aexeceg ipax zeclezl 'zea` icqg xkef' oeknd ly milyexi
,dagx zillk dlkyd yekxl dxhna zepey zexbqna cnl 2007 zpya lgd
ircn lelqn milyd 2010-2009 zpya .zecdid ircne gexd rcn megza xwira
xyt`y xac ,zixard dhiqxaipe`d ly miincw` mcwd micenill fkxna gexd
lr ybc mr miinegzax micenill oey`x x`ezl hpcehqk 2010a myxidl el
.yicii oeyl megza mb mlzyn `edy jez ,dixehqide jepig
2010 mipya ,ob znxa mi`lnbd oecrena yicii cnil 2008e 2007 mipya
meik .milyexia ziztxvd drabd q"pznae uilxa zetyl xtqd ziaa 2011e
qpkd ze`vxd uaew ly xe`l d`veda jehpiiy l`igi 'textl zeax riiqn `ed
d`n oeivl 2009 xanvca obx` zixard dhiqxaipe`a ocq ac lrtny ine`lpiad
.uiaepx'v zcire f`n yicii zepy
26
dtlee dwax
zecdie zixar oey`x x`ezl dcnl 2003-1999 mipya .1981a dilbp`a dclep
2006-2003 mipya dcnl ,ux`l dziilr ixg` .dilbp`a cxetqwe` zhiqxaipe`a
dniiq eze` ,milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a yiciil bega ipy x`ezl
mia rqnd aih`x`p" `yepd lr dly zizeki`d xnbd zcear .zepiihvda
.lhxa dlae dnly y"r qxta dze` dzkif "zncwend dlkyda ikepig irvn`k
jepigl xtqd ziaa ,od`w lxeq 'text ly xwgn zxfer dziid dwax
yicii z`xedae 'mye ci'a dkxcda ,dkixre mebxz dwqr ,zixard dhiqxaipe`a
.miligznl
xelwlete yicii ,zixar zextql bega iyily x`ezl dcnl `id ,liawna
lr xehwec zcear lr zcwey `id zepexg`d mipya .zixard dhiqxaipe`a
gzpl zywan `id ef dceara ."dlkydd zextqa mid zerqne mid" `yepd
yiciia e` zixara eazkpy mihqwh zizeaxzeiveqe zixehqid ,zizextq dpigan
xi`n ,mixtq xken ilcpn ,wic n"` ,oitl lcpn ici lr ,1899-1782 mipyd oia
zegztzda cgein lwyn ilra mihad mitwyn md ik dgpd jezn ,cere uiawiiy
.dtexi` zecdi axwa dlkydd mxf
27
cxbepie zicedi
zilbp`e zixar zextq dcnl oey`x x`ezl .1952a aia` lza dclep
ipyd x`ezd icenil z` zepiihvda dniiq r"yza .oli`xa zhiqxaipe`a
ipy x`ez zlra `id sqepa .yiciia zegnzd mr ,cqen eze`a l`xyi mr zextqa
z`xeda dwqr mipyd jldna .milyexia 'blew exeh ly dgelya icedi jepiga
zeipkez zriawl jepigd cxyn ly dcreea dtzzyd ,zilbp`e zixar zextq
mixen zeienlzyd zxbqna dzvxd ,miizcd xtqd izaa zextqa micenil
.zexg`e
:ytpd zenedze xird iagxn" epid zicedi zcwey dilr xehwecd zcear `yep
ocae`e zepqxd ,xekip ly zeieeg aevirl ipaxe`d agxnd oia dwifd lr
xwgnd ."dlxt 'ie oea`x 'i ,dc`xb 'g ,xbpifqiaya 'i ,xbpif i"i lyn mip`nexa
z` ,zepey zeixwgn zeyiba yeniye zinegzax zelkzqda ,oegal ywan
zexexa zeqitz lra ,ipxnyizxeqn mlern xarnd ly zizextqd zetwzydd
,xbzd z`ixwe wtqd `ed ripnd gekd eay dpzyne gezt mlerl ,zei`cee
dliaen mizrle dnfeie diipa zxyan mizrly zedf yabl hxtd z` ul`nd
.izaiaqe invr qxdl
28
oixh mixn
.bxeanda dzgtyn mr dxxebzd 1983a lgd .1975a ,oilet ,aewxwa dclep
z` .zixard dhiqxaipe`a yiciie diteqelit dcnle 1996a ux`l dzlr
dxen dziid 2003-1998 mipya .qix`ta dzyr `id yiciia ipy x`ezl dicenil
-yicii oelind ly qetcl dpkda dtzzyde dipnxbe dilbp` ,ztxva yiciil
iyily x`ezl dicenil z` dligzd 2004a .2002a qix`ta xe`l `viy iztxv
zhiqxaipe`a yicii cnll dligzd liawnae ,milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a
yiciil uiw iqxewa zcnln `id 2006 f`n .mkilr mely ziae aia` lz
.aia` lz zhiqxaipe`a
oegal zywan ,jehpiiy l`igi 'text ly ezkxcda ,dly xehwecd zcear
zipnxba ,zixara ,yiciia) zipeylaxd zixiyd dxivid z` iz`eeyd hana
xwgnd .diipyd mlerd zngln zepya zepgnae ze`hba dazkpy (zipletae
ehwel md ;enqxtzd mxh mziaxny ,mihqwh 1000k ly qetxew siwn
mda deeynd oeird zervn`a ribdl zpn lr l"egae ux`a mipey mipeikx`n
evl`py micedid axwa zepey zeveaw ly ozeqpzd ly xzei daeh dpadl
.d`eyd ini` mr ccenzdl
29
onhex eb`ic
oekizae 'dilvxd' icedi xtq ziaa cnl .1972a ,dpihpbx` ,qxii` qep`eaa clep
zpn lr ux`l dlr 1995a j` ,replewl xtq ziaa cenll ligzd .inewnd "hx`'
.dhiqxaipe`a cenll
,milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a jnqen x`ezl eicenil z` yiciil mibega
:yiciia dazkpy ,ely xnbd zcear .2005a miiq ,iz`eeyde icedi xelwletle
mrpet rivwexhqp`w xryix`hrx xrc ev - l`xUizpicn oi` xrh`rhyicii"
xtqna ebiic z` dzkif ,"rilinxehlew owik`xRypii` o` oi` xrh`rhyicii
.miqxt
a oexh`izd" `yepd lr xehwec zcear zaizk lr cwey `ed zepexg`d mipy
,"1988-1948 ,zelawzd ,zeaxz zxewia ,rten - xk`neye o`biyfc ly ixih`qd
jehpiiy l`igi 'texte mwexofg zilb 'text zkxcda . oexh`izd iig lr xwgnd
zety raya oeebne ax ipeikx` xneg lr qqazn dyrnl dkld eldpzdy itk
mixveid ipy ly zilxh`izd dxiixwa zepeyd zepgzd ixg` aewrl xyt`nd
.l`xyi zpicna xwirae zevrend zixaa ,oileta minqxetnd
ebiic ,mixn`n meqxtle miqpka zetzzydl ,xwgnd megza ezelirtl liawna
miipycg mipn` mr dlert seziy jez ,zinegzaxd dxivid ghya lirt
obx` ,q`e`n d`l mr cgi dlrdy zebvd miiae azk `ed .dl dvegne l`xyia
.miagx micdl ekfy milyexia 'miiley zxrd' zveaw ly miizpy zepn` irexi`
dincw`a miinegzpia micenill bega uegd on dvxnk ynyn `ed ,2006 f`n
.l`lva aevire zepn`l
30
rinrxRxrR`xb wri xrc oe zepwY ic oe
oe ehie` oe` dxivi ic okxhyevxrhpe` fi` rinrxR xrc oe liv xrc
oi` oe`) xraxy ryirxard oe` ryicii owihenxrc ev .mehpcii oyiprnex
o` oi` xrc` ,yiprnex oi` o`yrb oa`d rklree ,xraxy jie` ol`m`pqie`
dxivi qprnree ,(ux`lueg oi` xrc` l`xUi oi` j`xRy xrcnrx xrxrcp`
ev .mehpcii oyiprnex mrpe xrhyev owihqb mrc xrhpe` hkxhy
oyx` ohin bl`xrc hin oarbrbR` jif oa`d rklree ,qxryx` owihenxrc
rklree ,xraxy xrc` ,mehpcii oyiprnex mrpe rhkiyrb ic xrc` oarl q`c
oyiprnex mrc oe ohxreexehlew ic f` ,bpe`y xriif hin hxrhyrba oa`d
.wl` xrfcpe` oe xehlew xrwiclleM xrc oi` oxree oq`lyrbp` ol`f mehpcii
l"f xtexb awri y"r qxtd zepwzn
mixteq ccerl ,dipnex zecdi ly dzxivi z` qp lr zelrdl :qxtd zexhn
zifrel dtya exviy mixteq mb llkd on mi`vei mixwnae) zixarae yiciia
ccerl ,dipnex zecdi ly zipgexd dnexzd z` dhilan mzxiviy (l"egae ux`a
ixacl e` dipnex zecdi iigl dxeywd xwgn zceara dglvda ewqry mixweg
ikxr z` lilkdle hiladl enxz mzcearay mixagn e` dipnex zecdi ini
.epnr zeaxz ly mikxrd oia dixteq zxivi z`e dipnex zecdi ly zeaxzd
31
rinrxRxrR`xb wri xrc oe oh`rxe`l
xtexb awri y"r qxt ipzg zniyx
2011 - 1971
dirny ipa`
x"c axd ,wgvi iqtl`
awri oixtl`
wgvi ivx`
lexw qpia
dnly lwia
oe`il yihxa
ei'bxq `icpxa
awri xlb
dnly cec
kcxn uipec i
`bxy xad
a`f o`i'vel uiaewyxd
dnly oncle
miig onciif
cecdyn hiig
eleq xg
slee xeanh
ohlef xpxh
jexa oihwxh
le`y lnxk
ewpi qeilei
l`kin iwqeeiwpi
xece`iz `ialoiihypal
diph ewqpiael
wgvi ocel
yildnly uiaeail
yildix` yiaiil
ilehp` oiil
dyn xhqnl
xcpqkl` ocexin
qeixn ewxin
iwin wixn` iqexn
ozp wxn
dpyey oniep
edil` xbpiclqrlq
qixea xlcpq
irlwl` dpi'b o`ihqq
xcpqkl` ht`fltr
dix` bxaphqxit
xfril` xenlt
mdxa` xlt
(wgvi) w`qi` ult
lexw onclt
awri oncixt
mgpn enxt
xfril` lwpxt
xy` dlew
miig oefpiax
xehwie eqex
dwp` xiny
xcpqkl` h`lalbity
zeaxzl inlerd cebi`d - .x.e`.n.w.`
dipnex i`vei micedi ly
xehlew ryicii - yicii zeaxzl dxagd
`ylrfrb ht
ocq ac lrtn
- yicii xtql fkxnd Yiddish Book Center