xtexb awri iqxt

b"ryz zpyl 2012/

yicii zeaxze dipnex zecdi zece` xwgne zextql
milyexi
2012 xranrvrc ohq12 mrc ,b"ryz elqka g"k
3
mipiipr okez
xrR`xb awri
. . . ...dlild il` aiywd el / ...oxrd jin hp`wrb hk`p ic hl`ee 5
. . . . . . . . . . . (ipizxa .` .w :mbxz) cec xepik / lci qcec 6
ziy`xa / ziy`xa . . . . . . . . . . . . . (xvln .y :mbxz) 8
xag l` /xag ` ev (qehiin .` :mbxz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
qxtd ihtey zehlgd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2012/b"ryz zpyl xtexb oxwn miig lrtn lr qxta mikefd
sedbxa dh'b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ep`yeg hqpx` x"c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
oeneleq dxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
uiaepeiniq ewxn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
zelirt lr 2012/b"ryz zpyl xtexb oxwn dkinzl mikefd
dipnex icedi ly mnler cerize xwg ly mipey minegza
dtexi` gxfne
oixh mixn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
xfiil le`y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
'uiaepeneleq eyh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
xlcpq qixea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
xenlt xfril` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
dipnex i`vei micedi ly zeaxzl inlerd cebi`d ".x.e`.n.w.`" . . 24
2012/b"ryz zpyl xtexb oxwn xwgne micenil zblna mikefd
ipa` zixi` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
w`iaeh dxiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
xlin lii` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
onhiex laiil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4
rinrxRxrR`xb wri xrc oe zepwY ic oe
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xtexb awri y"r qxtd zepwzn 30
rinrxRxrR`xb wri xrc oe oh`rxel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xtexb awri y"r qxt ipzg zniyx 31
5
x r R x b w r i
,oxrd jin hp`wrb hk`p ic hl`ee
oxrhy hin hpiieerb hk`p ic hl`ee
,oxrxh hin oe`
,obrx hin oe`
.obree ic sie` miplfb hin
(oiihy oe oh`y oi`)
- dliNd il` aiWwd El
dlrnln siHd eiakFM
,mWB ax
rnC ax mr
.dOd JxCA xW` mihql lr
(davn ly dliva)
6
x r R x b w r i
7
x t e x b a w r i
(ipizxa .` .w :mbxiz)
8
x r R x b w r i
9
x t e x b a w r i
10
x r R x b w r i
11
x t e x b a w r i
13
qxtd ihtey zehlgd
edil` x"c ,x"ei xhky ewpi x"cn zakxend ,xtexb qxt ly mihteyd zcre .`
,megza miwdaen mixweg ly zrc zeega mb dpiir xy` ,xciw oexd` x"ce ,rlq
lrtn lr 2012/b"ryz zpyl xtexb awri y"r qxta zekfl cg` dt dhilgd
zeaxz megza dcakp dnexz enxz zipebaxd mzelirta xy` miyi`d z` miig
:oldlck ,diehp cid cere ,yicii zeaxz meciwae dipnex zecdi
sedbxa dh'b miavern mda ,zipnexa mixvw mixetiqe mipnex meqxt lr
dipnexa micedid iiga miwxt dlern oepbqae dwc zibelekiqt zeyibxa
.diipyd mlerd zngln ixg` l`xyiae
px` x"c ep`yeg hq mixetiq uaiw mda mixtqde zi`pezird ezcear xear
micedid iig ly mipey mihaid ziyi` dii`x zieefn micrznd ,zepexkife
.mixyrd d`na daeclen ixre zexiira
oeneleq dxe zepezird ,oeyld zexve` zybpd ornl mipyd zax dzelirt lr
mihqwh zpwzd ,mebxz ,d`xed zervn`a mipey mildwl yiciia zextqde
.zitxbeilaia dceare qetcl
uiaepeiniq ewxn xear micrznd miixhpnewec mihxq zpkda ezetzzyd lr
mlxeb z`e dipnexa mipey mifkxna micedid iig z` mi`ad zexecd
.d`eyd ztewza
y"r oxwn dkinza zekfl cg` dt dhilgd xtexb qxt ly mihteyd zcre .a
mnler cerize xwg ly mipey minegza zelirt 2012/b"ryz zpyl xtexb awri
:oldlck dtexi` gxfne dipnex icedi ly
oixh mixn ,ilbp`ixaryicii ,ipeylzlz hwl ly xe`l d`vedl dkinz
mipya ofe`dpqwf dpgna ,yiciia eazkpy ,bxeaqlrcr megp ly eixiyn
.`ean ieeila ,19451944
xfiil le`y zeccenzdn zepenz dlrnd dfgn ly xe`l d`vedl dkinz
.d`eyd zerxe`n mre zeinyihp`d mr dipnex icedi
14
'uiaepeneleq eyh ly ,zpkcerne zagxen ,dycg dxecdn z`vedl dkinz
xtqd Istoria teatrului Evreiesc din Romnia icedid oexh`izd zeclez)
.(dipnexa [yiciia]
xlcpq qixea o`naxy l`igi yicii ixteq lr iceriz hxq zpkdl dkinz
"qxraxy ryicii oet ob`l`p`n" hwiextd zxbqna ,y`n rhprie
.qhxreex`t oereayd ly ezeqga
xenlt xfril` mixn`n uaew meqxtl dkinz Confesiunile unui diplomat
.(hneltic ly mieciee)
".x.e`.n.w.`" ,dipnex i`vei micedi ly zeaxzl inlerd cebi`d cqend
zelirtl dkinz ,yiluiaeail dnly x"c ly ezey`xa ,wizeed ixeaivd
zelirte dipnex icedi ly ixehqidd cerizd xeniye fekix ,seqi`
.ux`a dipnex i`vei axwa zizeaxz
ceqi oeir ixg` ,xtexb qxt ly mihteyd zcre .b oxwd zldpdl ybedy xnega i
awri y"r oxwn xwgne micenil zbln wiprdl cg` dt dhilgd ,micnrend i"r
:oldlck xirvd xecd on mixwegle mihpcehql 2012/b"ryz zpyl xtexb
ipa` zixi` lr zcweyd ,oli`xa dhiqxaipe`a iyily x`ezl zihpcehq
mely ,mkilr mely ly mdizexivia zeegnd xwg" mya xehwec zcear
."xbpif ryedi l`xyie dc`xb miig ,y`
w`iaeh dxiy ziz`eeyde zixar zextql bega ipy x`ezl zihpcehq
dazkpy yiciie zixar dxiy `yepa dfY lr zcweyd ,dtig zhiqxaipe`a
.miyingd zepya l`xyia
xlin lii` .milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a yiciil bega ipy x`ezl hpcehq
onhiex laiil lr cweyd ,oli`xa zhiqxaipe`a iyily x`ezl hpcehq
."zil`xyide zil`xyiux`d dnad lr mkilr mely" `yepa xehwec zcear
15
xtexb oxwn miig lrtn lr qxta mikefd
2/b"ryz zpyl 201
sedbxa dh'b
ziaa dcnl iceqid xtqd zia meiq ixg` .1935a iq`ia y`x`h`h raexa dclep
.iq`ia xgqnl oekiz xtq
mirexi` .sqep cli dl clep l`xyiae dclie dlra mr 1970a ux`l dzlr
dtewzn zepexkif xnyl zpn lr aezkl jxevd z` da exxer diiga miyw
dly oey`xd onexd .xzei zxye`n Ultima ninsoare 1985a rited (oexg` bly)
zagxen dxecdn .'mityx' z`veda 1988a ritede zixarl mbxez okn xg`le
zrdazk z`veda rited zipnexa ef dxivi ly Minimum dwinrn da ,2001a
ixg`e onfa ,iptl ,onexd ygxzn oda zetewzd ly izxagd xe`izd z` zxagnd
onexd .diipyd mlerd zngln Sub zodia sumbra mb ,1991a rited (xcew lfn)
z`veda ok Minimum .
givpdl oevx jezn dxvw dfext aezkl dh'b dkiynd ze`ad mipyd jldna
ly zenlw`zdd iiyw z`e dzclen ux`a dxec zeieeg z` mi`ad zexecd xear
zelaepd uaew 2006a rited jke zghaend ux`l diilrl oey`x xec Pe firul
de ata ly zewcd ,miihnxc miavnl dzeyibx ,icegiid dpepbq (heg lr mixefy)
qxta dzkf `id .zxewiad cvn migayl ekf zeiencd oeit`a ibelekiqtd gezipd
.2007 zpyl 'uiaelewpi
onexd Comorile Arielei dlrn ,2011a mqxtzdy ,(dl`ix` ly zexve`d)
xece dipnexn milerd xec ly han zcewpn ux`a miigd ly zakxen dpenz
meineid iiyw mr mipey zeccenzd ikxc ly ,mixavd mdicli ilra mirexi`e
.zine`l zernyn
16
ep`yeg hqpx` x"c
dxez cenlzae xcga cnl ezeclia .1929a daeclena hyxbp dxiira clep
mipya .zinewnd dlidwd y`x ayei znieqn dtewz yniy eia`e ,hyp`thya
dgtynd dxar 1945a .o`yeheaa icedid oekizd xtqd ziaa cnl 19441941
hpcehq did 19541948 mipya .eicenil z` hqpx` jiynd my ,c`lxa xirl
xtka mipy yely ly ziyrnd dceard aly z` xar ,iq`ia d`etxl dhlewta
wqr 19711967 mipyd oia .zillkd dibxexikd megza dgnzd okn xg`le
xehwec" x`ez zlaw z`xwl iq`ia ztqep ziyrn zenlzyde ipilw xwgna
) "d`etxd ircna D. Sc. .(
dide ezceara oiihvd `ed daeclena zepey mixra mileg izaa mipyd jldna
zexbqna erevwna weqrl jiynd diqptd libl ribdy ixg` mb .dwlgn ldpnl
zr iazka enqxtzd xy` eze`iwa megza miircn mixn`n aezkle zepey
.dl dvegne dipnexa
.e`w`a xira dlidwd creea zeaxz ipiiprl ureik yniy 20061994 mipya
ligzd eziilr ixg` .dtiga ayiizde 2006 zpya ezy` mr ux`l dlr `ed
:ux`a zipnexd zepezira mipehilit mqxtl Minimum, Viata noastra, Ultima
ora, Jurnalul saptamnii, a zeriawa azek `ed 2008 zpyn . Expres Magazin .
mya mixvw mixetiq uaew iq`ia rited 2011a Fata din sala de disectie
zepyn zeihqixened zecefit` xagnd dlrn mda (miznd gezip xcgn dxegad)
oekizd icenil ztewzn mirexi`e zeienc lr zepexkif ok enke ,xirv `texk eiig
.c`lxa xira
xtqd iq`ia rited 2012a Povestiri nepovestite (exteq `ly mixetiq)
mlerd zngln iptl daeclena micedid iig ly ceriz oirn mieedn eiwxty
z` ax oexyika x`zn xagnd .xbazne cli ly di`x zieefn dkldnae diipyd
dxiird icedi ly diitka iepitd z` ,hyp`thya ezecli inia mixet zebibg
mler lr iaihwlewd oexkifd .cere iq`ia mexbetd icd z` ,1941a o`yeheal
rvn`a mb gvpen cer eppi`y .xtqd z` mieelnd zepenze mixei` ze
17
oeneleq dxe
xtq zia meiq xg`l ,1964a .d`ey ilevip mixedl dipaliqpxha 1947a dclep
.milyexia dayiizde dzgtyn mr ux`l dzlr ,dx`neh`qa oekiz
ziztxv zextq mibega milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a dcnl ux`l d`ea mr
qixta iyily x`ezd icenill d`vi 1969a .ipye oey`x x`ezl diteqelite
xwira ,1984 cr dkx`zd my dzedy j` ,ztxv zlynn mrhn dbln zekfa
miincw`d miigd z` dpiit`y zqqezd gexa d`vny axd oiiprd llba
,ze`vxda dtzzyd ef dtewza ."mihpcehqd cxn" ixg` my miil`ehwlhpi`de
xwga zeinegzax zeyibe ,zeycg zeqitz egzet ozxbqnay ,xwgne oeic zeveaw
zicedid zeaxza oiiprd zexxerzd ly dxiee`a ,liawna .dxagde gexd ircn
zextqe oeyl cnll dlgde zirevwn daqd dxar ,minid zyy zngln ixg`
.zi`pezir dceara dwqre ziztxvl zixarn dnbxz ,zixar
mr cgi ,dziide ,zepey zexbqna yicii z`xeda dwqr 19841980 mipyd oia
xy` ,qixta ("litrb") yicii cenill dceb`d icqiin oia ,iwqxeaip wgvi
xecd ipan miax yicii zextqle dtyl axwl egilvd zepeEbnd dizeielirt
zepn` inegzae ,mebxza ,xwgna ,d`xeda weqrl mdn micg` e`iad s`e ,xirvd
.yicii zeaxz mfkxnay mipey
xeniyd inegza zeceara cwnzdl dxe dkiynd 1984 zpya ux`l daey mr
mzybpdae ,mlera mipey mifkxna yiciia exvepy zicedid zeaxzd zexve` ly
,ziztxv ,zixarl yiciin mebxza ,xzid oia ,dwqr `id .miycg mildwl
,mixen zeienlzyda ,oekiza yicii dcnil ,mixn`n xtqn dazk ,zixbpede
uiw iqxewa cnll dpnfed 20021999 mipya .cere mye ci icaerl zeienlzyd
.dyxeeae qixta yiciil miiaiqphpi`
xikad lbqd ixag ly mihwiext reviaa wlg zlhep dxe ,mipyd lk jxe`l
,l"egae ux`a mixg` xwgne hr iyp` lye zixard dhiqxaipe`a yiciil bega
enk ,yiciia zextq zexivi ly zex`en zexecdn ly qetcl dpwzd megza xwira
lrtnd ly ziy`x zkxer zynyn `id ,sqepa .yiciile yiciin minebxz ly ok
ici lr 1993a mwedy ,oeEwn itxbeilaia rcin xb`n - "yicii zepezir gztn"
rcin agxd xeaivl yibpdl dxhna ,zixard dhiqxaipe`d on oxhyxaep .` 'text
zevx`a 19d d`na lgd yiciia enqxtzdy zriazke mipezir ly mpkez lr
mb odipia ,zepey .dipnexa
18
uiaepeiniq ewxn
oezird on xtq zial ribd mxha cer `exwl cnl .1935a ,dipnex ,hqxweaa clep
lecbd ipnexd Universul elhedy "diitkd zcear" zxbqna eia` glyp eil`y ,
xtq ziaa ligzd eicenil z` .dxiaa diipyd mlerd zngln onfa micedid lr
zkxrna cenll jiynd dnglnd ixg` .zipnexae zixara ecnl ea ,icedi iceqi
.dlklka ipy x`ezl dkfy cr dlibxd
ite`e ikepig jxr ilra miixhpnewec mihxq witnk ezcear z` ligzd ewxn
izlynnd mihxqd otle`a izlenrz Alexandru Sahia dpy 20 jyna .hqxweaa
.mihxq 30 eci zgzn e`vi
,zikepigd difieelha cin cearl ligzde ezgtyn mr ux`l dlr 1980a
52 i`libl zcreind "zerztdd zakx" dxcqd z` xvi `ed .jxd libl zeeva
difieelhd ly "jxd libl replewd ziiyrz" zxbqna .dxcqa zeipkez 350 miiae
"oeqxbled qlip" ,"uer ux`n mqewd" ,"ald" :zeipkezd ewted miwdy zikepigd
micreind "dhilwe dilr"e "oeixeb oa" mihxqa zelew witne i`na did `ed .cere
.jepigd zkxrnl
diaxqa ,dipnex icedi z`ey lr hxq zeyrl drvdd z` dlrd `ed 1995a
z` ,i`nak xpxh ohlef mr ,witde jxr `ed ,dlawzd drvddy xg`l .dpiaeweae
miqxt xtqnl dkf ,l"gae ux`a oxwed hxqd ."mepidibd dixhqipqpxh" hxqd
xvie xpxh ohlef mr cearl jiynd `ed dglvdd on ccern .dxwed zeze`e
,iq`i :dipnexa zeifkxn zelidwa micedid iigl miycwend miixhpnewec mihxq
dpey`xl mipecip mihxqd on dyiya .cere d`icxe` ,hbiq ,iedexec ,uiaepx'v
zexaw iza zeawra" :dipnex icedi z`ey zeclezn miwxt zil`efieeice` dicna
uiaepx'v" ,"gnvz ux`n zn`" ,"...x`ypy dn" ,"mze` xtq in" ,"migkyp
milaihqta epxwed dl` mihxq mb ."zn`l xwy oia iq`ia mexbxetd" ,"iailay
zinlerd zixa ipa ly izxweid qxta 1999a ekf mitzeyd ipy .miqxtl ekfe
.sxecqz`n slee dclid y"r
q drax` eiykr cr mqxte daizkl dpt ewxn ze`lnbl ez`ivi ixg` lr mixt
:dipnexa micedid iig Dovada, Adagio, Noua China, Mall .
19
xtexb oxwn dkinzl mikefd 2/b"ryz zpyl 201
cerize xwg ly mipey minegza zelirt lr
dtexi` gxfne dipnex icedi ly mnler
oixh mixn
.bxeanda dzgtyn mr dxxebzd 1983a lgd .1975a ,oilet ,aewxwa dclep
zixard dhiqxaipe`a yiciie diteqelit dcnle 1996a ux`l dzlr mixn
mipya .qix`ta dzyr `id yiciia ipy x`ezl dicenil z` .milyexia
dpkda dtzzyde dipnxbae dilbp`a ,ztxva yiciil dxen dziid 20031998
.2002a qix`ta xe`l `viy iztxvyicii oelind ly qetcl
yiciil bega iyily x`ezl dicenil z` dligzde ux`l day `id 2004a
dipte d`eya zeqpzdd" ,dly xwgnd zcear .milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a
,ziplet ,yicii) zepgne ze`hbn zipeyl axd dxiyd ziixlwtq`a miizeaxz axd
x`eza dze` dzkif ,jehpiiy l`igi 'text ly ezkxcda ,"(zixare zipnxb
mxh mziaxny ,mihqwh 1000k ly qetxew siwn xwgnd .2012 zpya xehwec
zervn`a ribdl zpn lr l"egae ux`a mipey mipeikx`n ehwel md ;enqxtzd
axwa zepey zeveaw ly ozeqpzd ly xzei daeh dpadl mda deeynd oeird
.d`eyd ini` mr ccenzdl evl`py micedid
ziae aia` lz zhiqxaipe`a yicii cnll dligzd `id ,dicenill liawna
.aia` lz zhiqxaipe`a yiciil uiw iqxewa zcnln `id 2006 f`n .mkilr mely
ocq ac oekna jehpiiy l`igi 'Rext ly xwgn zihphqiq`k dzr zynyn mixn
z` liknd uaew qetcl dpikn ezi` cgie milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a
xirv d`ey levip ,xrlbixhy ikcxn xteqd oia yiciia zwzxnd zeazkzdd
mipyd jldna wxeieipa wieeiil .d lebcd xxeynd oial ,qixta xxebznd
.19521945 zeperhd
,ipeylzlz hwl meqxt lr zcaer mixn ,dly xehwecd zcearl jynda
mipya ofe`dpqwf dpgna yiciia eazkpy ,bxeaqlrcr megp ly eixiyn
lr `eana deEli hwlde ,ilbp`e ixar mebxza mb eritei mixiyd .19451944
.d`eya dxiy zaizk zrtez
20
xfiil le`y
,okn xg`l .oekizae iceqi xtq ziaa cnl mb my ,1936a ,dipnex ,iq`ia clep
opkznke zyexg izaa qcpdnk ely dxiixwd jldnae ,dqcpd icenil cnl
.df diiyrz spra zepekn ziipae lihqwhd megza mlzyd mipey mihwiext
milebc mixenn yicii zextq cnl mb `l` ,ziaa yicii xaic wx `l xfiil le`y
ax dnxz dtprd mzelirt xy` ,`x`w wivi`e lwpxt xfril` ,exira zvtdl ze
.diipyd mlerd zngln ixg` dipnexa yicii zeaxz
ixg` .zipnexae yiciia zextq zexivi `exwl le`y dpdp ezecli ini f`n
jezn ,elld zetyd izya milyne mixiy aezkl lgd `ed ,2003a ux`l eziilr
heytd avwnd .zepey zeaiqpa eizeaygn z`e eizeybx z` `hal oevxe jxev
.wc xened yeg xkip mwlgae ,innre lilw ite` eixiyl mipwn dxidad dtyde
iaia`lzd oeneia enqxtzd eixiyn dying qrp rhvrl lr ,xvw xetiqe
i`yxeed zrdazka rited ,xcga oey`xd meia icedi cli ly eizeieeg q`c
hx`ee ryicii .
mya azky dfgn Exodul icedi ly zicegiid mzeccenzdn zepenz dlrn
,dixhqipqpxhl miyexibd :d`eyd zerxe`n mre zeinyihp`d mr dipnex
dlt`d dtewza mlaq awr .diitk zecearl geliy ,zeend zeakxe minexbet
deewn xfiil le`y .l`xyi ux`l ribdle dipnex z` aefrl milevipd mit`ey
.hxql ezkitdl e` oexh`izd zna lr ezelrdl jynda `iai dfgnd meqxty
21
'uiaepeneleq eyh
eicenil jynd .icedi iceqi xtq ziaa cnl my ,dipnex ,o`yweta 1934a clep
cenll lgd okn xg`l .hqxweaa 'dxehlew' icedid oekizd xtq ziaa eid
.hqxweaa dhiqxaipe`a zextqe dixehqid
zepezira caerd xrepl zecreind zeazk ,ieca mya ,mqxtl ligzd xirv liba
izeaxz ite` zlra dziidy zepezird xear mixn`n azk jk xg`e zineid
wleq 1956 seqa miizlynnihp` mirexi`a ezeaxernl cyg lya .izextqe
lr xvw onfl xvrpe ,dhiqxaipe`d on mb jk ,ihqipenewd xrepd oebx` zexeyn
.zepezira mqxtl eilr xq`p znieqn dtewz .'dh`hixewq'd ici
jldna .aia` lz zhiqxaipe`a oxtqk cearl ligzde ux`l dlr 1964a
zipnexd dtya ux`a dritend zepezira mipeEbn mi`yep lr azk `ed mipyd
.ef dtya mipey mineqxt ly jxerk yniye
mirexi`e zeienc milrnd ,ixehqid ite` ilra micg` mixtq xaig `ed
aexwde wegxd xara dipnex icedi ly zeaxzde dxagd iign miizernyn
tq ite` ilra mivaw ok enke ,zizxby izla han zcewpn .ihqixelwlete izex
:xikfdl ozip mdipia
Istoria Evreilor din Romnia, Romnia Judaica, Istoria Holocaustului din
Romnia: Transnistria, Transilvania de Nord, Mircea Eliade si Evreii, Un
carturar evreu-calugar: N. Steinhardt, Istoria Teatrului Evreiesc din
Romnia, Shalom Alechem si Menahem Mendel Romanul unui om de
afaceri, 5000 ani de umor evreiesc.
ly y`x ayei ynyn `ed Centrul Cultural Israeliano-Romn l"end ldpne
Editura TESU .eixtq aex z` mqxt ea ,
xtqd ly ,zpkcerne zagxen ,dycg dxecdn meqxtl oikdl lgd dpexg`l
Istoria teatrului Evreiesc din Romnia ,(dipnexa icedid oexh`izd zeclez)
.zepenze mixei` ieeila
22
xlcpq qixea
eicenil z` miiq 1975a .zevrend zixaa f` ,diaxqa ,ulaa 1950a clep
,diaclen ly zipetniqd zxenfza xpk dide apiyiw ly dwiqenl oeixehaxqpewa
.deewqena iwxeb y"r zextql oeknd ly yiciil dwlgna cnl jynda j`
zrdazka yiciia mixetiq mqxtl ligzd `ed cp`lniid yihree`q
1992a ux`l eziilr cr 1990n .zkxrnl sxhvd dxdnae 1981a (deewqen)
zrd azk ly iciid wlgd ly jxerd mb did lew xrfcpe` dze`a .apiyiwa
.diaclen ly zine`ld difieelhd ixeciya yiciia zipkez dgpd dtewz
yiciia miclil zrazk `ivede jxr l`xyia hiiwoe`cpiw 1998 f`n .
oereayd ly iy`x jxerk ynyn `ed 1999 i`n f`ne wxeieipa xlcpq xxebzn
qhxreex`t ldwl miyibp mdipy ,ely eicxd zeipkez lye (yiciia dxecdnd)
,jiixhq` icpb mr cgia ,jxer `ed ,2007 i`na lgd .hpxhpi`a elek mlera agxd
zrd azk z` mb htpewev ic .
mdipia ,dxiye dfext ixtq dryz xlcpq mqxt 20101986 mipyd oia xrc
mrpexa xrhl` ,(1994 ,aia`lY) oxrieh ,(1997 ,milyexi) mrpet jrlrRr rpixb
ocrob ,(2003 ,oilxra) obie` ic hk`nx`t h`d mleb xrc oree .(2004 ,milyexi)
,oexg`d extq oexMif on oet qrwipee`eecnl icedi ly mzenc z` dlrnd ,
,zilbp`l enbxez eizexivi .xtexb oxw zkinza ,2011a mqxtzd ,diaxqa
.miaeyg miizextq miqxt xtqna dkf `ede ,zipnexe zixar ,zipnxb ,ziztxv
exg`d mipya azk xlcpq icedi lr miixhpnewec mihxq xtqnl eixpvq zep
l`igi ,yicii ixteq ipy lr iceriz hxq oikdl opkzn dzre dpiaeweae diaxqa
"qxraxy ryicii oet ob`l`p`n" hwiextd zxbqna ,y`n rhprie o`naxy
oereayd ly ezeqga qhxreex`t .
23
xenlt xfril`
miiq ,1960a ux`l eziilr iptl .1929a ,dipaliqpxha mexca dxiira clep
mqxt `ed .'felw ly dhiqxaipe`a ziqex zeaxzae diteqelita ipy x`ez icenil
oereaya ziteqelit zextq ly zxewiae miiteqelit mi`yep lr mixn`n xtqn
Tribuna .'felwa ritedy ,
milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a 1964a milyd hxehwecd icenil z`
mipya ,dtexi` gxfnl dwlgna iy`x xfer did 1969 cr .uegd cxynl sxhvde
1975 cr ,jyndae ,bxeapqwelae diblaa l`xyi zexixbya zxiy 19731969
mipebx`l dwlgna mipey miciwtz `lin 19911977 mipya .elqe`a zexixbya
19941991 mipya .ztxvae zipihld dwixn`a l`xyi zeiexixbya ,miine`lpia
uegd zexy urei ,2001 cr ,jk xg`e ,qixta ewqpe` cil l`xyi xixby did
.dtexi`a icedi yekx zxfgdl
,zepey zetya ,miax mixwgne mixn`n mqxt xenlt xfril` ,mipyd jldna
z` mitwynd ,zeizextq ze'fhxetx ode ,ueg zeipicne diteqelit ly mi`yepa
1994a ze`lnbl ez`ivi xg`l .zepey zevx`a ezedya zexiyrd eizeieeg
:mixtqd z` zixara mqxt dncwd byen lr ,ceklna ebph ,ogana zecici
ly epnein xndlil zyxt ,dzbe xcxd ,bpiql ly mzpyn itl dixehqida
.jiiy axern
,xtqd 'felw zhiqxaipe` z`veda rited 2002 zpya Convergente
diplomatice si culturale xenlty revwnk dihneltic lr ze`vxd uawnd ,
.'felwa dpicnd ircnl dhlewta xiard
extq ,milyexi ,lnxk z`veda mqxtzd 2010a :ayr enk miryx gexta
zexehhwic izy lva mixerp ztewza dipnexa ezecli zepy z` xagnd dlrn ea ,
ezexbazd zepy z`e ewqpehp` lyxnd zbdpda zihqiytiv`pd zepcexd
ihqil`ix Fnnd ite`d lra ,df xeaig meqxt .iwiaylead iekicd xhyn ikygna
.xtexb oxwn dkinzl dkf ,iyi`
z`veda ,iq`ia mqxtzd dpyd Institutul European xenlt xfril` ly extq ,
Confesiunile unui diplomat miax mixn`n evaew ea ,(hneltic ly miieciee)
iaia` lzd oegxia mqxt xagndy Minimum .2011 cre 2001 mipyd oia
ly mihaida dqepn hneltic ly ziyi` han zcewpn mipc mipeyd mixn`nd
.zicedi zedfe zeinyihp` ,zine`lpia zeipicn
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micedi ly zeaxzl inlerd cebi`d - .x.e`.n.w.`
dipnex i`vei
zelirt ldpn dpy dze` f`ne ,aia`lza 1980a cqep caeknd ixeaivd cqend
ly ezey`xa ,cebi`d .dipnex zecdi zeaxz xwge dvtd ,getih aiaq zipebax
zeizeaxz zeieqpkzd oebx`a micgein mibyidl ribd ,yiluiaeail dnly x"c
mirbepd mi`yep epecip oda ,dzaiaqe aia`lza mitzzyn zeax zeiztewz
dpyi cebi`d oerna .'eke xe`l mi`veid miycg mixtq ,dipnex zecdi ly dxarl
.mi`xew ze`n da mixwany ,zipnexa xwira ,zety yya dxiyr diixtq
ipebx`e gex iyp` mr miqgid ewcdzde ekld ,dipnexa xhynd iepiy f`n
mipeikx`l dyib zpzip ,rcin itelig ly zelert eniiwzd ;miipnex zeaxz
lrt .x.e`.n.w.` oky ,cgeina aeyg df haid .ok iptl mixebq eidy dipnexa
lr miixewn zecerze mixneg ly xeniye seqi` megza mipyd jxe`l dcnzda
on miax mixweg ynyn .x.e`.n.w.` ly xiyrd oeikx`d .dipnex icedi ly mxar
.dipnex icedi ly mxar xwgl rbepd lka mlerd one ux`d
25
xtexb oxwn xwgne micenil zblna mikefd
b"ryz zpyl / 2 201
ipa` zixi`
yicii zxaec daiaqa dlcb j` ,onizn elry mixedl 1964a wxa ipaa dclep
.oey`x x`ezl "obe zia" zepal milyexi zllkna j"pze zilbp` dcnl .zixbpede
mze` ,oli`xa zhiqxaipe`a jepigl dwlgna dzyr ipyd x`ezd icenil z`
oeyll miqxew mb dgwl `id ipy x`ezl dicenil zxbqna .zepiihvda dniiq
.yicii
dybd llek ,deewz gzta "oexeyi" ziptle`a zilbp` z`xeda zwqer zixi`
mr zextql dwlgna iyily x`ezl zcnel `id liawna .zedeab zenxa zexbal
.yiciil dnbna oli`xa zhiqxaipe`a l`xyi
mely ly mdizexivia zeegnd xwg" :`ed zcwey `id dilr dfzd zcear my
myiil zywan `id ."xbpif ryedi l`xyie dc`xb miig ,y` mely ,mkilr
a illkd zeegnd xwg megzn dae`yd ,zipycg dibelecezn ef dcear zxbqn
miritend zeegnd ibeq ik dgpd jezn .yicii zextqa miifkxn mihqwh lr oeica
ozeide izxeywzd ociwtz lya obx`n ceqi mieedn mipey miizextq mihqwha
oeit`a zepeEbnd odizeiernyn z` oegal ie`xd on ,ilelin izla ih`et irvn`
lr zelret odyk ,xirvd e` xbeand xecl zekiiyd zeienc ly zicedid ozedf
.mipey miizeaxzmiizxag mixywd rwx
26
w`iaeh dxiy
dxiird on 1934a dxcgl eribd dia` cvn miaqd .dxcga 1983a dclep
yicii xeaic zxeqn lr exny ,ux`d icili mdy s` ,dixed .dipnexa y`x`l`w
.ziaa
dhiqxaipe`ay ze`lwgl dhlewta miigilra ircna oey`x x`ezl dcnl
megza cearl dticrd `id ,z`f mr cgi .2007a x`ezd z` dniiqe zixard
oezira itxbd aevird aixrn .mitqep zenewnae
zixar zextql bega ipy x`ezl micenil dligzde dtigl dxar 2010a
liawna .daill cgeina aexw didy megz ,dtig zhiqxaipe`a ziz`eeyde
d`xed zxferk ,dtig zhiqxaipe`a mihpcehqd oezir zkxerk dyniy dicenill
zhiqxaipe`a hkd oe`ifena zitxb zavrne dkixcnke ontixa dl`x` x"c ly
.meid cr zcaer `id my ,dtig
zhiqxaipe`a miizpy miqxewa yiciia mb dxiy dnlzyd zepexg`d miizpya
dfz oikdl dzpeek oky ,aia`lz zhiqxaipe`a miiaiqphpi` uiw iqxewae dtig
l`xyi zpicna eazkpy zixar dxiye zicii dxiy oia iz`eeyd xwgn dfkxnay
'text ly mziigpda ,"z`xwl"e "l`xyi bpei" zxeag lr ybca ,miyingd zepya
zixard dhiqxaipe`dn jehpiiy l`igi 'texte dtig zhiqxaipe`n acoa dvip
.milyexia
27
xlin lii`
zevx`a ddy xyr cr ray libn .ocxid wnray rxfzia ueaiwa 1984a clep
icenil z` miiq ,ux`l eaey ixg` .zicedid zepkeqa eia` zcear awr zixad
deeily weqir ,xrep jixcnk ,jepig liga dyr i`avd ezexiy z` .ueaiwa oekizd
.xira od ueaiwa od jynda mb eze`
bega milyexia zixard dhiqxaipe`a 2008a oey`x x`ezl cenll lgd
x`ezd meiq xg`l .dixehqidl xtqd zia ly "mipiihvnd zipkez"ae dixehqidl
ipy x`ezl cenll ligzd ,miizpy jyna yicii oeyl icenile ,2011a zepiihvda
zexkidd z` winrdl oevx jezn zixard dhiqxaipe`a yiciil jnqend zipkeza
`id lii` ly ezpeek .dtexi` gxfn zecdi ly izeaxzde izxagd mlerd mr
on zexewn lr zeknzqd jez ,z`f zecdi lr ixehqid xwgna jynda weqrl
.ux`a mixwegd ici lr elvep mxh maexy ,yiciia dtprd zepezird
diixtqd ly zixehqid zepezirl dwlgna caer `ed eicenill liawna
ynyn `ed sqepa .yicii zepezir ly divhibicd megz lr i`xg`k ,zine`ld
.ixxd gp laei x"c ly xwgn xfer
28
onhiex laiil
eicenil z` miiq 1985a .1963a ,mini mze`a zevrend zixa ,ulaa clep
.apiyiwa zizklnnd dhiqxaipe`a oey`x x`ezl
ly yiciil dnbna ipy x`ezl cnl .cecy`a ayiizde ux`l dlr 1990a
dyn" `yep lr dfz azke oli`xa zhiqxaipe`a l`xyi mr zextql dwlgnd
.1995 zpya x`ezd z` miiq ."ezxivie eiig onhl`
fkxn ,"mkilr mely zia" ly xikfnk ynyn `ed ,meid cre 1995 zpya lgd
.oxhyxaep .` 'text ici lr ldepnd ,aia` lza aeyg yicii cenile zeaxz
zhiqxaipe`a l`xyi mr zextql dwlgna iyily x`ezl dzr cnel laiil
mely" `yepa xehwec zcear lr ,odk ozp x"c ly eziigpda ,cweye ,oli`xa
dvnn xe`iz `ed exwgn zxhn ."zil`xyide zil`xyiux`d dnad lr mkilr
dnal ecaery ,mkilr mely ly zecg` zexivi exary mileblbd ly hxetne
oeic jez ,epini cre mixyrd d`nd ziy`xn lgd ,ux`a yiciiae zixara elrede
zepey zetewz mipiit`nd miizepn`e miibeleiveq ,miibele`ici` mihaida
.oexh`izd mlera miifkxn mixveie minfi ly oznexza zecwnzde
29
rinrxRxrR`xb wri xrc oe zepwY ic oe
oet ehtie` oe` dxivi ic okxhyevxrhpe` fi` rinrxR xrc oet liv xrc
oi` oe`) xraxy ryirxard oe` ryicii owihenxrc ev .mehpcii oyiprnex
o` oi` xrc` ,yiprnex oi` ot`yrb oa`d rklree ,xraxy jie` ol`tm`pqie`
dxivi qprnree ,(ux`lueg oi` xrc` l`xUi oi` j`xRy xrcnrxt xrxrcp`
ev .mehpcii oyiprnex mrpet xrhyev owihqb mrc xrhpe` hkxhy
yx`t ohin bl`txrc hin oarbrbR` jif oa`d rklree ,qxryx`t owihenxrc o
rklree ,xraxy xrc` ,mehpcii oyiprnex mrpet rhkiyrb ic xrc` oarl q`c
oyiprnex mrc oet ohxreexehlew ic f` ,bpet`y xriif hin hxrhyrba oa`d
.wl`t xrfcpe` oet xehlew xrwiclleM xrc oi` oxree oq`lyrbp` ol`f mehpcii
l"f xtexb awri y"r qxtd zepwzn
mixteq ccerl ,dipnex zecdi ly dzxivi z` qp lr zelrdl :qxtd zexhn
zifrel dtya exviy mixteq mb llkd on mi`vei mixwnae) zixarae yiciia
e` dipnex zecdi ly zipgexd dnexzd z` dhilan mzxiviy (l"egae ux`a
dxeywd xwgn zceara dglvda ewqry mixweg ccerl ,dipnex zecdi ini ixacl
enxz mzcearay mixagn e` dipnex zecdi ini ixacl e` dipnex zecdi iigl
oia dixteq zxivi z`e dipnex zecdi ly zeaxzd ikxr z` lilkdle hiladl
.epnr zeaxz ly mikxrd
30
rinrxRxrR`xb wri xrc oe oh`rxe`l
xtexb awri y"r qxt ipzg zniyx
2012 - 1971
dirny ipa`
x"c axd ,wgvi iqtl`
awri oixtl`
wgvi ivx`
lexw qpia
dnly lwia
dh'b sedbxa
oe`il yihxa
ei'bxq `icpxa
awri xlb
dnly cec
ikcxn uipec
`bxy xad
x"c ,hqpx` ep`yed
a`f o`i'vel uiaewyxd
dnly oncle
miig onciif
cecdyn hiig
eleq xg
slee xeanh
ohlef xpxh
jexa oihwxh
le`y lnxk
ewpi qeilei
l`kin iwqeeiwpi
xece`iz `ialoiihypal
diph ewqpiael
wgvi ocel
yildnly uiaeail
yildix` yiaiil
ilehp` oiil
dyn xhqnl
xcpqkl` ocexin
qeixn ewxin
iwin wixn` iqexn
ozp wxn
dpyey oniep
dxe oeneleq
ewxn uiaepeiniq
edil` xbpiclqrlq
qixea xlcpq
irlwl` dpi'b o`ihqq
xcpqkl` ht`fltr
dix` bxaphqxit
xfril` xenlt
mdxa` xlt
(wgvi) w`qi` ult
lexw onclt
awri oncixt
mgpn enxt
xfril` lwpxt
xy` dlew
miig oefpiax
xehwie eqex
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dwp` xiny
xcpqkl` h`lalbity
zeaxzl inlerd cebi`d - .x.e`.n.w.`
dipnex i`vei micedi ly
xehlew ryicii - yicii zeaxzl dxagd
ht`ylrfrb
ocq ac lrtn
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