Solutions in math book titled THE HARD MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD PROBLEMS AND

THEIR SOLTIONS b! Ste"e Dinh# a$k$a$ %o Du& Dien 'ublished b! Autho(House

Solutions for these following Mathematical Olympiad problems used to select the top math students in the
world and nations are in the book titled
The hard Mathematical Olympiad problems and their solutions
by Steve Dinh, a.k.a. Vo Duc Dien published by Authorouse.
!his book will debut soon at Ama"on.com and other sites.
#ote$ Some mathematical symbols cannot be translated into this te%t editor and the reader may find them
missing.
&roblem ' of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound *
&rove that there is no triangle whose altitudes are of lengths +, , and '- units.
&roblem . of the /orean Mathematical Olympiad .--,
A01D is a conve% 2uadrilateral, and A0 3 1D. Show that there e%ists a point M such that 4late% 5frac6A07
61D74 8 4late% 5frac6MA76MD74 8 4late% 5frac6M076M174.
&roblem ' of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--.
!wo circles intersect at points A and 0. !hrough the point 0 a straight line is drawn, intersecting the first
circle at / and the second circle at M. A line parallel to AM is tangent to the first circle at 9. !he line A9
intersects the second circle again at ).
a: &rove that the tangent to the second circle at ) is parallel to A/.
b: &rove that these two tangents are concurrent with /M.
&roblem . of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad .-'-
;et A01 be a triangle and let & denote the midpoint of the side 01. Suppose that there e%ist two points M
and # interior to the sides A0 and A1, respectively such that <AD< 8 <DM< 8 .<D#<, where D is the
intersection point of the lines M# and A&. Show that <A1< 8 <01<.
&roblem . of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--.
=ind the value of sin>'? @ sin>.? @ A @ sin>*B?.
&roblem C of the Austrian Mathematical Olympiad .--'
(n a conve% pentagon, the areas of the triangles A01, A0D, A1D and ADD are all e2ual to the same value
=. Ehat is the area of the triangle 01DF
&roblem C of the (beroGAmerican Mathematical Olympiad 'B**
Show that between all triangles such that the distances from their vertices to a given point & are C, H and ,,
the one with the greatest perimeter has & as incenter.
&roblem . of Iunior 0alkan Mathematical Olympiad 'BB*
;et A01DD be a conve% pentagon such that A0 8 AD 8 1D 8 ', A01 8 DDA 8 B-? and 01 @ DD 8 '.
1ompute the area of the pentagon.
&roblem + of Austrian Mathematical Olympiad .---
(n the acute, nonGisosceles triangle A01 with angle 1 8 J-? let K be the circumcenter, be the
orthocenter and D the intersection of the lines A and 01 Lthat is, the orthogonal proMection of A onto
01:. Show that the Duler line K is the bisector of 0D.
&roblem + of the (nternational Mathematical Olympiad .-'-
;et & be a point inside the triangle A01. !he lines A&, 0& and 1& intersect the circumcircle N of triangle
A01 again at the points /, ; and M, respectively. !he tangent to N at 1 intersects the line A0 at S. Suppose
that S1 8 S&. &rove that M/ 8 M;.
&roblem + of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--B
&rove that, for all positive real numbers x, y and ", +Lx @ y @ z:O P .,Lx>y @ y>" @ z>x:.
&roblem . of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBC
A s2uare piece of toast A01D of side length ' and center O is cut in half to form two e2ual pieces A01 and
1DA. (f the triangle A01 has to be cut into two parts of e2ual area, one would usually cut along the line of
symmetry 0O. owever, there are other ways of doing this. =ind, with Mustification, the length and
location of the shortest straight cut which divides the triangle A01 into two parts of e2ual area.
&roblem J of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--B
!wo circles, of different radius, with centers at 0 and 1, touch e%ternally at A. A common tangent, not
through A, touches the first circle at D and the second at D. !he line through A which is perpendicular to
DD and the perpendicular bisector of 01 meet at =. &rove that 01 8 .A=.
&roblem + of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBH
A01 is a triangle, rightGangled at 1. !he internal bisectors of angles 0A1 and A01 meet 01 and 1A at &
and 9, respectively. M and # are the feet of the perpendiculars from & and 9 to A0. =ind angle M1#.
&roblem . of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB+
(n triangle A01 the point Q lies on 01.
a: Suppose that 0A1 8 B-?, that Q is the midpoint of 01, and that 0AQ is one third of 0A1. Ehat
can you say and prove about triangle A1QF
b: Suppose that 0A1 8 J-?, that Q lies one third of the way from 0 to 1, and that AQ bisects 0A1.
Ehat can you say and prove about triangle A1QF
&roblem C of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBJ
;et A01 be an acute triangle, and let O be its circumcenter. !he circle through A, O and 0 is called S. !he
lines 1A and 10 meet the circle S again at & and 9, respectively. &rove that the lines 1O and &9 are
perpendicular.
&roblem H of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBJ
;et a, b and c be positive real numbers,
a: &rove that +LaO @ bO: R La @ b:O
b: &rove that BLaO @ bO @ cO: R La @ b @ c:O
&roblem J of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBC
!he real numbers %, y satisfy the e2uations
xO S Cx> @ Hx S ', 8 -
yO S Cy> @ Hy @ '' 8 -
=ind x @ y.
&roblem , of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB*
A triangle A01 has 0A1 P 01A. A line A& is drawn so that &A1 8 01A where & is inside the
triangle. A point 9 outside the triangle is constructed so that &9 is parallel to A0, and 09 is parallel to A1.
) is the point on 01 Lseparated from 9 by the line A&: such that &)9 8 01A. &rove that the
circumcircle of TA01 touches the circumcircle of T&9).
&roblem C of the Austrian Mathematical Olympiad .---
Determine all real solutions of the e2uation <<<<<<< x> S x S' < S C < S H < S , < S B < S '' < S 'C < 8 x> S .x S
+*
&roblem ' of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB'
!hree points U, Q and V are given that are, respectively, the circumcenter of a triangle A01, the midGpoint
of 01, and the foot of the altitude from 0 on A1. Show how to reconstruct the triangle A01.
&roblem C of the Austrian Mathematical Olympiad .--.
;et A01D and AD=W be two similar cyclic 2uadrilaterals Llabeled counterGclockwise:. ;et & be the second
point of intersection of the circumcircles of the 2uadrilaterals. Show that & lies on the line 0D.
&roblem ' of the 1anadian Mathematical Olympiad 'B,,
(f fLx: 8 x> @ x, prove that the e2uation +fLa: 8 fLb: has no solutions in positive integers a and b.
&roblem C of the Austrian Mathematical Olympiad .--'
Ee are given a triangle A01 and its circumcircle with midpoint K and radius r. ;et / be the circle with
midpoint K and radius .r, and let cX be the tangent to / that is parallel to c 8 A0 and has the property that
1 lies between c and cX. Analogously, the tangents aX and bX are determined. !he resulting triangle with
sides aX, bX, cX is called triangle AX0X1X. &rove that the lines Moining the midpoints of corresponding sides of
the triangles A01 and AX0X1X pass through a common point.
&roblem ' of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB,
=ind, with proof, all pairs of integers Lx, y: satisfying the e2uation ' @ 'BBJx @ 'BB*y 8 xy.
&roblem B of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB*
!he year 'B,* was YpeculiarZ in that the sum of the numbers formed with the first two digits and the last
two digits is e2ual to the number formed with the middle two digits, i.e., 'B @ ,* 8 B,. Ehat was the last
previous peculiar year, and when will the ne%t one occurF
&roblem * of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB'
;et A01 be a triangle and ; the line through 1 parallel to the side A0. ;et the internal bisector of the angle
at A meet the side 01 at D and the line ; at D, and let the internal bisector of the angle at 0 meet the side
A1 at = and the line ; at W. (f <W=< 8 <DD<, prove that <A1< 8 <01<.
&roblem H of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB-
;et A01 be a rightGangled triangle with rightGangle at A. ;et Q be the foot of the perpendicular from A to
01, and U themidGpoint of Q1. ;et A0 be e%tended to D so that <A0< 8 <0D<. &rove that DQ is
perpendicular to AU.
&roblem ' of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .---
!wo intersecting circles C1 and C2 have a common tangent which touches C1 at & and C2 at 9. !he two
circles intersect at M and #, where # is nearer to &9 than M is. !he line &# meets the circle C2 again at ).
&rove that M9 bisects angle &M).
&roblem J of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .---
!wo intersecting circles C1 and C2 have a common tangent which touches C1 at & and C2 at 9. !he two
circles intersect at M and #, where # is nearer to &9 than M is. &rove that the triangles M#& and M#9
have e2ual areas.
&roblem C of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .---
!riangle A01 has a right angle at A. Among all points & on the perimeter of the triangle, find the position
of & such that
A& @ 0& @ 1& is minimi"ed.
&roblem * of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--'
A triangle A01 has A10 P A01. !he internal bisector of 0A1 meets 01 at D. !he point D on A0 is
such that DD0 8 B-?.
!he point = on A1 is such that 0DD 8 DD=. Show that 0AD 8 =D1.
&roblem H of Austrian Mathematical Olympiad 'B**
!he bisectors of angles 0 and 1 of triangle A01 intersect the opposite sides at points 0[ and 1[,
respectively. Show that the line 0[1[ intersects the incircle of the triangle.
&roblem J of Austrian Mathematical Olympiad 'BB-
A conve% pentagon A01DD is inscribed in a circle. !he distances of A from the lines 01, 1D, DD are a, b, c,
respectively. 1ompute the distance of A from the line 0D.
&roblem C of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--,
;et A01 be a triangle, with an obtuse angle at A. ;et 9 be a point Lother than A, 0 or 1: on the
circumcircle of the triangle, on the same side of chord 01 as A, and let & be the other end of the diameter
through 9. ;et V and E be the feet of the perpendiculars from 9 onto 1A and A0, respectively. &rove that
the triangles &01 and AEV are similar.Note: The circumcircle of the triangle AC is the circle !hich
passes through the "ertices A# and C$
&roblem , of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--C
;et A01 be a triangle and let D be a point on A0 such that +AD 8 A0. !he halfGline \ is drawn on the same
side of A0 as 1, starting from D and making an angle of ] with DA where ]8 A10. (f the circumcircle of
A01 meets the halfGline \ at &, show that &0 8 .&D.
&roblem ' of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB,
# is a fourGdigit integer, not ending in "ero, and )L#: is the fourGdigit integer obtained by reversing the
digits of #^ for e%ample, )LC.,H: 8 H,.C. Determine all such integers # for which )L#: 8 +# @ C.
&roblem ' of IapanXs /yoto Kniversity Dntrance D%am .-'-
Wiven a TA01 such that A0 8., A18'. Abisector of 0A1 intersects 01 at D. (f AD 8 0D, then find the
area of TA01.
&roblem * of the )ussian Mathematical Olympiad .-'-
(n a acute triangle A01, the median, AM, is longer than side A0. &rove that you can cut
triangle A01 into three parts out of which you can construct a rhombus.
&roblem C of the Middle Duropean Mathematical Olympiad .-'-
Ee are given a cyclic 2uadrilateral A01D with a point D on the diagonal A1 such that AD 8 AD and 10 8
1D. ;et M be the center of the circumcircle % of the triangle 0DD. !he circle % intersects the line A1 at
points D and =. &rove that the lines =M, AD and 01 meet at one point.
&roblem ' of the (beroGAmerican Mathematical Olympiad 'BBB
=ind all the positive integers less than '--- such that the cube of the sum of its digits is e2ual to the
s2uare of such integer.
Sample Mathematical Olympiad &roblem
Wiven triangle A01, its orthocenter and its altitude AD, 0D and 1= such that the perimeters of the
triangles A0, A1 and 01 are the same. &rove that triangle A01 is e2uilateral. LThis problem !as
proposed but ne"er used in any competition$:
&roblem C of IapanXs itotsubashi Kniversity Dntrance D%am .-'-
(n the xyz space with O L-, -, -:, take points A on the xGa%is, 0 on the xy plane and 1 on the zGa%is such
that OA1 8 O01 8 2, AO0 8 .2, O1 8 C. #ote that the xGcoordinate of A, the yG coordinate of 0 and
the zGcoordinate of 1 are all positive.
&roblem .+ of the (ranian Mathematical Olympiad .--C
(n an acute triangle A01 points D, D, = are the feet of the altitudes from A, 0 and 1, respectively. A line
through D parallel to D= meets A1 at 9 and A0 at ). ;ines 01 and D= intersect at &. &rove that the
circumcircle of triangle &9) passes through the midpoint of 01.
&roblem H of !aiwan Mathematical Olympiad 'BBB
!he altitudes through the vertices A, 0, 1 of an acute triangle A01 meet the opposite sides at D, D, =,
respectively, and A0 P A1. !he line D= meets 01 at &, and the line through D parallel to D= meets the
lines A1 and A0 at 9 and ), respectively. # is a point on the line 01 such that #9& @ #)& _ '*-`.
&rove that 0# P 1#.
&roblem + of the ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--B
(n figure below, the sector OA0 has radius+ cmand AO0 is a right angle. ;et the semiGcircle with
diameterO0be centered at ( with (I << OA, and (I intersects the semiGcircle at /. (f the area of the shaded
region is ! cm>, find the value of !.
&roblem ' of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad .--'
(n a triangle A01, A0 8.-, A18 .' and 01 8 .B. !he points D and D lie on the line segment 01, with 0D 8
* and D1 8 B. 1alculate the angle DAD.
&roblem 'C of the (ranian Mathematical Olympiad .-'-
(n a triangle A01, ( is the incenter, 0( and 1( cut the circumcircle of A01 at D and =, respectively. M is the
midpoint of D=. C is a circle with diameter D=. (M cuts C at two points ; and / and the arc 01 of
circumcircle of A01 Lnot containing A: at D. &rove that 4late% 5frac6D;76(;74 8 4late% 5frac6D/76(/7.
&roblem + of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB,
;et A01D be a conve% 2uadrilateral. !he midpoints of A0,
01, 1D and DA are &, 9, ) and S, respectively. Wiven that
the 2uadrilateral &9)S has area ', prove that the area of the
2uadrilateral A01D is ..
&roblem ' of the ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .---
;et 1 be the circumcenter of a triangle A01 with A0 P A1 P 01. ;et D be a point on the minor arc 01 of
the circumcircle, and let D and = be points on AD such that A0OD and A1O=. !he lines 0D and 1=
meet at &. &rove that if &0 8 &1 @&O, then 0A1 8 C-?.
&roblem C of 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB-
!he angles A, 0, 1, D of a conve% 2uadrilateral satisfy the relation
cosA @ cos0 @ cos1 @ cosD 8 -. &rove that A01D is a trape"ium L0ritish for trape"oid: or is cyclic.
&roblem C of Austrian Mathematical Olympiad .--H
(n an acuteGangled triangle A01 two circles %1 and %2 are drawn whose diameters are the sides A1 and
01. ;et D be the foot of the altitude hb on A1 and let = be the foot of the altitude ha on 01. ;et ; and # be
the intersections of the line 0D with the circle %1 L; on the line 0D: and let / and M be the intersections of
the line A= with the circle %2L/ on the line A=:. Show that /;M# is a cyclic 2uadrilateral.
&roblem C of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--*
;et A0&1 be a parallelogram such that A0& is an acute triangle. !he circumcircle of triangle A01 meets
the line 1& again at 9. &rove that &9 8 A1 if, and only if, A1& 8 J-?.The circumcircle of a triangle is
the circle !hich passes through its "ertices$
&roblem ' of the Vietnamese Mathematical Olympiad 'BB.
;et A01D be a tetrahedron satisfying
a: A1D @ 01D 8 '*-?, and
b: 0A1 @ 1AD @ DA0 8 A01 @ 10D @ D0A 8 '*-?.
=ind value of LA01: @ L01D: @ L1DA: @ LDA0: if we know A1 @ 10 8 % and A10 8 a. Note: La: denotes
the area of shape a.
&roblem + of the Vietnamese Mathematical Olympiad 'BB-
A triangle A01 is given in the plane. ;et M be a point inside the triangle and AX, 0X, 1X be its proMections on
the sides 01, 1A, A0, respectively. =ind the locus of M for which MAbMAX 8 M0bM0X 8 M1bM1X.
&roblem C of the 1anadian Mathematical Olympiad 'BB-
;et A01D be a conve% 2uadrilateral inscribed in a circle, and let diagonals A1 and 0D meet at Q. !he
perpendiculars from Q meet the sides A0, 01, 1D, DA at Ac, 0c, 1c, Dc, respectively. &rove that <Ac0c< @ <
1cDc< 8 <AcDc< @ <0c1c<. L<Ac0c< is the length of line segment Ac0c, etc.:
&roblem . of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--H
;et x and y be positive integers with no prime factors larger than H. =ind all such x and y which satisfy x>
S y> 8 .% for some nonGnegative integer k.
&roblem , of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBB
;et A01DD= be a he%agon Lwhich may not be regular:, which circumscribes a circle S. L!hat is, S is
tangent to each of the si% sides of the he%agon.: !he circle S touches A0, 1D, D= at their midpoints &, 9,
), respectively. ;et Q, U, V be the points of contact of S with 01, DD, =A, respectively. &rove that &U, 9V
and )Q are concurrent.
&roblem ' of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad .-'-
=ind the least % for which the number .-'- can be e%pressed as the sum of the s2uares of % integers.
&roblem J of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB-
!he sum of two consecutive s2uares can be a s2uare$ for instance, C> @ +> 8 H>.
a: &rove that the sum of m consecutive s2uares cannot be a s2uare for the cases m 8 C, +, H, J.
b: =ind an e%ample of eleven consecutive s2uares whose sum is a s2uare.
&roblem * of the Auckland Mathematical Olympiad .--B
Ehat is the smallest positive integer n, such that there e%ist positive integers a and b, with b obtained
from a by a rearrangement of its digits, so that a S b 8 ''A' Ln digits of 'Xs:F
&roof of 1arnotXs theorem for the obtuse triangle
;et A01 be an arbitrary obtuse triangle. &rove that
DW @ D 8 ) @ r @ D=,
where r and ) are the inradius and circumradius of triangle A01, respectively, D the circumcenter of
triangle A01, D=, DW and D the altitudes to the sides A1, A0 and 01, respectively.
&roblem . of the ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--,
&oints Q, U, V are marked on the sides A0, 01, 1D of the rhombus A01D, respectively, so that QU << AV.
&rove that QV, AU and 0D are concurrent.
&roblem ' of the ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--,
;et D be a point on the side 01 of triangle A01 such that A0 @ 0D 8 A1 @ 1D. !he line segment AD cut
the incircle of triangle A01 at Q and U with Q closer to A. ;et D be the point of contact of the incircle of
triangle A01 on the side 01. Show that
a: DU is perpendicular to AD,
b: QD is .b(M, where ( is the incenter of the triangle A01 and M is the midpoint of 01.
&roblem + of the Dstonian Mathematical Olympiad .--,
(n s2uare A01D, points D and = are chosen in the interior of sides 01 and 1D, respectively. !he line
drawn from = perpendicular to AD passes through the intersection point W of AD and diagonal 0D. A point
/ is chosen on =W such that A/ 8 D=. =ind D/=.
&roblem + of the ong /ong MO !eam Selection !est .--B
!wo circles 1', 1. with different radii are given in the plane, they touch each other e%ternally at !.
1onsider any points A 1' and 0 1., both different from !, such that A!0 8 B-?.
a: Show that all such lines A0 are concurrent.
b: =ind the locus of midpoints of all such segments A0.
&roblem C of !okyo Kniversity Dntrance D%am .--J
Wiven the point &L-, p: on the yGa%is and the line m: y 8 Ltan2:% on the coordinate plane with the origin,
where p P ', - _ & _ pd.. #ow by the symmetric transformation, the line l with slope a as the a%is of
symmetry, the origin O was mapped the point 9 lying on the line y 8 ' in the first 2uadrant and the point
& on the yGa%is was mapped the point ) lying on the line m in the first 2uadrant.
a: D%press tan& in terms of a and p.
b: &rove that there e%ist the point & satisfying the following condition, then find the value of p.
Condition: 'or any & L- _ & _ pd.: the line passing through the origin and is perpendicular to the line l
is y 8 etanL&dC:fx$
&roblem C of the 0elgium =landers Mathematical Olympiad 'BBH
&oints A, 0, 1, D are on a circle with radius (. <A1< 8 <A0< 8 H--, while the ratio between <D1<, <DA<, <
D0< is ', H, ,. =ind (.
&roblem H of /orean Mathematical Olympiad .--J
(n a conve% he%agon A01DD= triangles A01, 1DD, D=A are similar. =ind conditions on these triangles
under which triangle A1D is e2uilateral if and only if so is 0D=.
&roblem H of !aiwan Mathematical Olympiad 'BBH
;et & be a point on the circumscribed circle of TA01 and be the orthocenter of TA01. Also let D, D and
= be the points of intersection of the perpendicular from & to 01, 1A and A0, respectively. (t is known that
the three points D, D and = are
colinear. &rove that the line DD= passes through the midpoint of the line segment &.
&roblem + of the !aiwan Einter 1amp .--'
;et O be the center of e%circle of TA01 touching the side 01 e%ternally. ;et M be the midpoint of A1, &
the intersection point of MO and 01. &rove that A0 8 0&, if 0A1 8 .A10.
&roblem B of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBB
1onsider all numbers of the form Cn> @ n @ ', where n is a positive integer.
a: ow small can the sum of the digits Lin base '-: of such a number beF
b: 1an such a number have the sum of its digits Lin base '-: e2ual to 'BBBF
&roblem J of Kruguay Mathematical Olympiad .--B
(s the sum '@ .@ C@ ... @ .--* divisible by ,F
&roblem C of the Iapanese Mathematical Olympiad 'BBH
(n a conve% pentagon A01DD, let S, ), !, & and 9 be the intersections of A1 and 0D, AD and
0D, A1 and 0D, 1D and 0D, 1D and AD, respectively. (f all of TAS), T0!S, T1&!, TD9& and TD)9 have
the area of ', then find the area of the following pentagons
a: !he pentagon &9)S!.
b: !he pentagon A01DD.
&roblem . of the 1"ech and Slovak Mathematical Olympiad .--.
1onsider an arbitrary e2uilateral triangle /;M, whose vertices /, ; and M lie on the sides A0, 01 and 1D,
respectively, of a given s2uare A01D. =ind the locus of the midpoints of the sides /; of all such triangles
/;M.
(celandXs problem for (nternational Mathematical Olympiad
=or an acute triangle A01, let be the foot of the perpendicular from A to 01. ;et M, # be the feet of the
perpendicular from to A0, A1, respectively. Define lA to be the line through A perpendicular to M# and
similarly define l0 and l1. Show that lA, l0 and l1 pass through a common point O.
&roblem C of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--*
=or arbitrary real number %, define e%f to be the largest integer less than or e2ual to %. =or instance, e.f 8
. and eC.+f 8 C. =ind the value of e'.--*b'--f.
&roblem J of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--,
(f ) is the remainder of ' @ . @ C @ + @ H @ J divided by ,, find the value of ).
Sample problem for the (rish Mathematical Olympiad
&rove that, for every positive integer n which ends in the digit H, .- @ 'H @ * @ J is divisible by .--B.
&roblem '- of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--*
;et e%f be the largest integer not greater than %. (f a 8 eL:f @ 'J, find the value of a.
&roblem C of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--,
.-*.-* 8 *a @ *b @ *c @ *d @ *e @ f, where a, b, c, d, e and f are integers and - g a, b, c, d, e, f g ,. =ind
the value of abbbc @ dbebf.
&roblem , of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--,
(f '+h is divisible by J, where k is an integer, find the largest possible value of %.
&roblem * of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--,
Amongst the seven numbers CJ.+, CJ-.+, CJ-B.+, CJ-BB.+, CJ-BBB.+, CJ-BBBB.+ and CJ-BBBBB.+,
there are n of them that are divisible by C*. =ind the value of n.
&roblem . of the (ranian Mathematical Olympiad .-'-
;et O be the center of the e%circle C of triangle A01 opposite verte% A. Assume C touches A0 and A1 at D
and =, respectively. ;etO0 and O1 intersect D= at & and 9, respectively. ;et M be the intersection of 1&
and 09. &rove that the distance between M and the line 01 is e2ual to the inradius of TA01.
&roblem C of Kruguay Mathematical Olympiad .-'-
(n the triangle A01, angle 0A1 is '.-?, and the point & is on the side 01 is such that angle &A1 is
right. /nowing that A1 8 &0 8 ', calculate the length of side A0.
&roblem ' 0elarusian Mathematical Olympiad .--+ 1ategory 0
!he diagonals AD, 0D, 1= of a conve% he%agon A01DD= meet at point O. =ind the smallest possible area
of this he%agon if the areas of the triangles AO0, 1OD, DO= are e2ual to +, J and B, respectively.
&roblem H of the ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--,
AD, 0D, and 1= are the altitudes of an acute triangle A01. &rove that the feet of the perpendiculars from =
onto the segments A1, 01, 0D and AD lie on the same straight line.
&roblem + of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--J
!wo touching circles S and ! share a common tangent which meets S at A and ! at 0. ;et A& be a
diameter of S and let the tangent from & to ! touch it at 9. Show that A& 8 &9.
&roblem . of Dstonian MO !eam Selection !est .--+
;et O be the circumcenter of the acute triangle A01 and let lines AO and 01 intersect at point /. On sides
A0 and A1, points ; and M are chosen such that /; 8 /0 and /M 8 /1. &rove that the segments ;M and
01 are parallel.
&roblem ' of Kruguay Mathematical Olympiad .--B
Ehat is the highest *Gdigit number ending in .--B and is a multiple of BBF
&roblem + of the ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--,
Wiven triangle A01 with A 8 J-?, A0 ) .--H, A1 ) .--J. 0ob
and 0ill in turn L0ob is the first: cut the triangle along any straight line so that two new triangles with area
more than or e2ual to ' appear. After that an obtusedGangled triangle Lor any of two rightGangled
triangles: is deleted and the procedure is repeated with the remained triangle. !he player loses if he
cannot do the ne%t cutting. Determine, which player wins if both play in the best way.
&roblem + of the 1"echG&olishGSlovak Math 1ompetition .--B
Wiven a circle % and its chord A0 which is not a diameter, let 1 be any point inside the longer arc A0 of %.
Ee denote by / and ; the reflections of A and 0 with respect to the a%es 01 and A1. &rove that the
distance of the midpoints of the line segments /; and A/ is independent of the location of point 1.
&roblem ' of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--J
=ind four prime numbers less than '-- which are factors of C S..
&roblem H of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--J
=or positive real numbers a, b, c, prove that
La> @ b>:> R La @ b @ c:La @ b S c:Lb @ c S a:Lc @ a S b:.
&roblem J of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--J
;et n be an integer. Show that, if . @ . is an integer, then it is a perfect s2uare.
&roblem C of the /orean Mathematical Olympiad .--H
(n a trape"oid A01D with AD << 01, O', O., OC, O+ denote the circles with diameters A0, 01, 1D, DA,
respectively. Show that there e%ists a circle with center inside the trape"oid which is tangent to all the four
circles O', O., OC, O+ if and only if A01D is a parallelogram.
Silicon Valley !ypical Dngineering Iob (nterview &roblem
=ind the area and the perimeter of the circle 1' with diameter of not included in circle 1. with the
diameter of .. 0oth ends of this area are connected to form the diameter of 1'.
&roblem ' of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--,
=ind the value of ...
&roblem . of &an African Mathematical 1ompetition .--+
(s + @ an integerF
&roblem * of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBJ
!wo circles S' and S. touch each other e%ternally at /^ they also touch a circle S internally at A' and A.,
respectively. ;et & be one point of intersection of S with the common tangent to S' and S. at /. !he line
&A' meets S' again at 0', and &A. meets S. again at 0.. &rove that 0'0. is a common tangent to S' and
S..
&roblem ' of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBC
=ind, showing your method, a si%Gdigit integer n with the
following properties$ Li: n is a perfect s2uare, Lii: the number formed by the last three digits of n is e%actly
one greater than the number formed by the first three digits of n. LThus n might loo% li%e 12*12+#
although this is not a s&uare$:
&roblem + of the 0ra"ilian Mathematical Olympiad 'BBH
A regular tetrahedron has side l. Ehat is the smallest % such that the tetrahedron can be passed through a
loop of twice of length %F
&roblem + of the 1"ech and Slovak Mathematical Olympiad .--.
=ind all pairs of real numbers a, b for which the e2uation in the domain of the real numbers x
8 x has two solutions and the sum of them e2uals '..
&roblem ' of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--'
=ind all positive integers m, n, where n is odd, that satisfy @ 8 ...
&roblem ' of the 0ra"ilian Mathematical Olympiad 'BBH
A01D is a 2uadrilateral with a circumcircle center O and an inscribed circle center (. !he diagonals
intersect at S. Show that if two of O, (, S coincide, then it must be a s2uare.
&roblem + of 1hina Mathematical Olympiad 'BB,
;et 2uadrilateral A01D be inscribed in a circle. Suppose lines A0 and D1 intersect at & and lines AD and
01 intersect at 9. =rom 9 construct the two tangents 9D and 9= to the circle where D and = are the points
of tangency. &rove that the three points &, D, = are collinear.
&roblem H of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'B**
A person has seven friends and invites a different subset of three friends to dinner every night for one
week L, days:. (n how many ways can this be done so that all friends are invited at least onceF
&roblem ' of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBJ
1onsider the pair of fourGdigit positive integers LM, #: 8 LCJ--, .H--:. #otice that M and # are both
perfect s2uares, with e2ual digits in two places, and differing digits in the remaining two places.
Moreover, when the digits differ, the digit in M is e%actly one greater than the corresponding digit in
#. =ind all pairs of fourGdigit positive integers LM, #: with these
properties.
&roblem H of 0elarus Mathematical Olympiad 'BB,
(n a trape"oid A01D with A0 k 1D it holds that AD0 @ D01 8 '*-?. &rove that A0b01 8 ADbD1.
&roblem ' of &oland Mathematical Olympiad 'BB,
;et A01D be a tetrahedron with 0AD 8 J-?, 0A1 8 +-?, A0D 8 *-?, A01 8 ,-?. &rove that the
lines A0 and 1D are perpendicular.
&roblem + of &oland Mathematical Olympiad 'BBJ
A01D is a tetrahedron with 0A1 8 A1D, and A0D 8 0D1. Show that A0 8 1D.
&roblem J of ungary Mathematical Olympiad 'BBB
!he midpoints of the edges of a tetrahedron lie on a sphere. Ehat is the ma%imum volume of the
tetrahedronF
&roblem H of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound '*
;et a and b be two lines in the plane, and let 1 be a point as shown in the figure below. Ksing only a
compass and an unmarked straight edge, construct an isosceles right triangle A01, so that A is on line a, 0
is on line b, and A0 is the hypotenuse of triangle A01.
&roblem . of Austrian Mathematical Olympiad .--+
Solve the e2uation 8 ...
Lall the s2uare roots are nonGnegative:
&roblem C of Vietnam Mathematical Olympiad 'BJ.
;et A01D be a tetrahedron. Denote by AX, 0X the feet of the perpendiculars from A and 0, respectively to
the opposite faces. Show that AAX and 00X intersect if and only if A0 is perpendicular to 1D. Do they
intersect if A1 8 AD 8 01 8 0DF
&roblem * of Weorgia MO !eam Selection !est .--H
(n a conve% 2uadrilateral A01D the points & and 9 are chosen on the sides 01 and 1D, respectively so
that 0A& 8 DA9. &rove that the line, passing through the orthocenters of triangles A0& and AD9, is
perpendicular to A1 if and only if the triangles A0& and AD9 have the same areas.
&roblem . of the #ew VealandMO 1amp Selection .-'-
A0 is a chord of lengthJ ina circle of radius H and center O. A s2uare is inscribed in the sector OA0 with
two vertices on the circumference and two sides parallel to A0. =ind the area of the s2uare.
&roblem + of ong /ongMO !eam Selection !est 'BB+
Suppose that yz @ zx @ xy 8 ' and x, y, and z R -. &rove that
xLl S y>:L' S z>: @ yLl S z>:L' S x>: @ zLl S x>:L' S y>: g +.
&roblem H of the (ranian Mathematical Olympiad .---
(n a tetrahedron we know that the sum of angles of all vertices is '*-?. Le.g., for verte% A, we have 0A1
@ 1AD @ DA0 8 '*-?.: &rove that the faces of this tetrahedron are four congruent triangles.
&roblem C of Moldova Mathematical Olympiad .--.
1onsider an angle DD=, and the fi%ed points 0 and 1 on the semiGline D= and the variable point A on
DD. Determine the position of A on DD such that the sum A0 @ A1 is minimum.
&roblem 'H of Moldova Mathematical Olympiad .--.
(n a triangle A01, the bisectors of the angles at 0 and 1 meet the opposite sides 0' and 1', respectively.
;et ! be the midpoint A0' ;ines 0! and 0'1' meet at D and lines A0 and 1D meet at ;. &rove that the
lines !; and 0'1' have a point in common.
&roblem &C !ournament of !owns .--*
Acute triangle A'A.AC is inscribed in a circle of radius .. &rove that one can choose points 0', 0., 0C on
the arcs A'A., A.AC and ACA', respectively, such that the numerical value of the area of the he%agon
A'0'A.0.AC0C is e2ual to the numerical value of the perimeter of the triangle A'A.AC.
&roblem , of Moldova MO !eam Selection !est .--C
!he sides A0 and A1 of the triangle A01 are tangent to the incircle with center ( of the TA01 at the points
M and #, respectively. !he internal bisectors of the TA01 drawn from 0 and 1 intersect the line M# at the
points & and 9, respectively. Suppose that = is the intersection point of the lines 1& and 09. &rove that =(
01.
&roblem .- of (ndonesia MO !eam Selection !est .--B
;et A01D be a conve% 2uadrilateral. ;et M, # be the midpoints of A0, AD, respectively. !he foot of
perpendicular from M to 1D is /, and the foot of perpendicular from # to 01 is ;. Show that if A1, 0D,
M/ and #; are concurrent, then /;M# is a cyclic 2uadrilateral.
&roblem AH !ournament of !owns .--B
;et QUV be a triangle. !he conve% he%agon A01DD= is such that A0, 1D and D= are parallel and e2ual to
QU, UV and VQ, respectively. &rove that the area of triangle with vertices at the midpoints of 01, DD and
=A is no less than the area of triangle QUV.
&roblem 'J of Moldova Mathematical Olympiad .--.
;et A01D be a conve% 2uadrilateral and let # on side AD and M on side 01 be points such that 8 . !he
lines AM and 0# intersect at &, while the lines 1# and DM intersect at 9. &rove that if SA0& @ S1D9 8
SM#&9, then either AD << 01 or # is the midpoint of DA.
&roblem C of ungaryG(srael 0inational 'BB+
!hree given circles have the same radius and pass through a common point &. !heir other points of
pairwise intersections are A, 0, 1. Ee define triangle AX0X1X, each of whose sides is tangent to two of the
three circles. !he three circles are contained in triangle AX0X1X. &rove that the area of triangle AX0X1X is at
least nine times the area of triangle A01.
&roblem .' of Moldova Mathematical Olympiad .--.
;et the triangle AD0' such that DA0' 3 B-?. On the sides of this triangle e%ternally are constructed the
s2uares A01D and A0'1'D' with centers O' and O., respectively. &rove that the circumcircles of the
triangles 0A0', DAD' and O'AO. share a ...
&roblem . of ungaryG(srael 0inational .--'
&oints A, 0, 1 and D lie on a line l# in that order. =ind the locus of points & in the plane for which A&0 8
1&D.
&roblem '' of Moldova Mathematical Olympiad .--.
1onsider a circle iLO, ): and a point & found in the interior of this circle. 1onsider a chord A0 of i that
passes through &. Suppose that the tangents to i at the points A and 0 intersect at 9. ;et M 9A and #
90 such that &M9A and &#90. &rove that the value of @ doesnct depend of choosing the chord A0.
&roblem C of itotsubashi Kniversity Dntrance D%am .-'-
(n the xyz space with OL-, -, -:, take points A on the xGa%is, 0 on the xy plane and 1 on the zGa%is such
that OA1 8 O01 8 &, AO0 8 .&, O1 8 C. #ote that thex coordinate of A, the y coordinate of 0 and
the z coordinate of 1 are all positive. Denote the point that is inside TA01 and is the nearest to O.
D%press the z coordinate of in terms of &.
&roblem + of Moldova Mathematical Olympiad .--J
;et A01DD be a right 2uadrangular pyramid with verte% D and height DO. &oint S divides this height in
the ratio DS$SO 8 m. (n which ratio does the plane eA0Sf divide the lateral area of triangle DD1 of the
pyramid.
&roblem J of !okyo Kniversity Dntrance D%am .-'-
Wiven a tetrahedron with four congruent faces such that OA 8 C, O08 , A0 8 .. Denote by , a plane which
contains three points O, A and 0.
a: ;et be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point 1 to the plane ,. D%press vector O in
terms of vectors OA andO0.
b: =or a real number t with - _ t _ ', let &t, 9t be the points which divide internally the line segments OA,
O0 into t $ ' S t, respectively. Denote by M a plane which is perpendicular to the plane ,. =ind the
sectional area SLt: of the tetrahedron OA01 cut by the plane M.
c: Ehen t moves in the range of - _ t _ ', find the ma%imum value of SLt:.
&roblem + of !okyo Kniversity Dntrance D%am .-'-
(n the coordinate plane with O L-, -:, consider the function C$ y 8 x @ and two distinct points &Lx, y:,
&Lx, y: on C.
a: ;et Li 8 ', .: be the intersection points of the line passing through & Li 8 ', .:, parallel to xGa%is and
the line y 8 x.
Show that the area of TO& and TO& are e2ual.
b: ;et x - x . D%press the area of the figure bounded by the part of x - x - x for C and line segments &O,
&O in terms of y, y .
&roblem ' of !okyo Kniversity Dntrance D%am .-'-
;et the lengths of the sides of a cuboid be denoted a, b and c. )otate the cuboid in B-? the side with
length b as the a%is of the cuboid. Denote by . the solid generated by sweeping the cuboid.
a: D%press the volume of . in terms of a, b and c.
b: =ind the range of the volume of . with a @ b @ c 8 '.
&roblem C of the Vietnamese Mathematical Olympiad 'BB-
A tetrahedron is to be cut by three planes which form a parallelepiped whose three faces and all vertices
lie on the surface of the tetrahedron.
a: 1an this be done so that the volume of the parallelepiped is at least of the volume of the tetrahedronF
b: Determine the common point of the three planes if the volume of the parallelepiped is of the volume of
the tetrahedron.
&roblem . of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'B**
A, 0, 1, D are the vertices of a s2uare, and & is a point on the arc 1D of its circumcircle. &rove that
<&A<> S <&0<> 8 <&0<b<&D< S <&A<b<&1<.
&roblem C of Spain Mathematical Olympiad 'BB+
A tourist ofce was investigating the numbers of sunny and rainy days in a year in each of si% regions. !he
results are partly shown in the following table$
(egion /unny or rainy 0nclassi1ed
A CCJ .B
0 C.' ++
1 CCH C-
D C+C ..
D C.B CJ
= CC- CH
;ooking at the detailed data, an ofcer observed that if one region is e%cluded, then the total number of
rainy days in the other regions e2uals one third of the total number of sunny days in these regions.
Determine which region is e%cluded.
&roblem + of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBC
!wo circles touch internally at M. A straight line touches the inner circle at & and cuts the outer circle at 9
and ). &rove that 9M& 8 )M&.
&roblem , of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BB,
(n the acuteGangled triangle A01, 1= is an altitude, with = on A0, and 0M is a median, with M on 1A.
Wiven that 0M 8 1= and M01 8 =1A, prove that the triangle A01 is e2uilateral.
&roblem .J of (ndia &ostal 1oaching .-'-
;et M be an interior point of a triangle A01 such that AM0 8 'H-?, 0M1 8 '.-?, ;et &, 9, ) be the
circumcenters of the triangles AM0, 0M1, 1MA, respectively. &rove that L&9): R LA01:.
&roblem . of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad 'BBH
;et A01 be a triangle, and D, D, = be the midpoints of 01, 1A, A0, respectively.
&rove that DA1 8 A0D if, and only if, A=1 8 AD0.
&roblem J of the 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .--B
&oints A, 0, 1, D and D lie, in that order, on a circle and the lines
A0 and DD are parallel. &rove that A01 8 B-? if, and only if,
A1> 8 0D> @ 1D>.
&roblem ' of (ndia &ostal 1oaching .-'-
;et g, i be two concentric circles with radii r, ( with r _ (. ;et A01D be a cyclic 2uadrilateral inscribed in
g. (f vector A0
denotes the ray starting from A and e%tending indefinitely in 0Xs direction then let vectors A0, 01, 1D,
DA meet i at the points 1', D', A' and 0', respectively. &rove that R where L.: denotes area.
&roblem + of the (nternational Vhautykov Olympiad .-'-
&ositive integers ', ., . . ., n are written on j blackboard Ln P .:. Dvery minute two numbers are erased and
the least prime divisor of their sum is written. (n the end only the number B, remains. =ind the least n for
which it is possible.
&roblem . of 1ono Sur Olympiad 'BB+
1onsider a circle C with diameter A0 8 '. A point &- is chosen on C, &- 3 A, and starting in &- a se2uence
of points &', &., ... , &n, ... is constructed on C, in the following way$ 9n is the symmetrical point of A with
respect to &n and the straight line that Moins 0 and 9n cuts C at 0 and &n@' Lnot necessary different:.
&rove that it is possible to choose &- such that$
i: &-A0 _ '.
ii: (n the se2uence that starts with &- there are . points, &k and &M, such that triangle A&k&M is e2uilateral.
&roblem J of the (ranian Mathematical Olympiad 'BBH
(n a 2uadrilateral A01D let AX, 0X, 1X and DX be the circumcenters of the triangles 01D, 1DA, DA0
and A01, respectively. Denote by SLQ, UV: the plane which passes through the point Q and is
perpendicular to the line UV. &rove that if AX, 0X, 1X and DX donct lie in a plane, then four planes SLA, 1XDX:,
SL0, AXDX:, SL1, AX0X: and SLD, 0X1X: pass through a common point.
&roblem * of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--*
;et 9 8 logL. S :. =ind the value of 9.
&roblem B of ong /ong Mathematical Olympiad .--*
;et = 8 ' @ . @ . @ . @ A @. and ! 8 . =ind the value of !.
&roblem . of #etherlands Dutch Mathematical Olympiad 'BB*
;et !A01D be a pyramid with top verte% !, such that its base A01D is a s2uare of side length +. (t is given
that, among the triangles !A0, !01, !1D and !DA one can find an isosceles triangle and a rightGangled
triangle. =ind all possible values for the volume of the pyramid.
&roblem J of the Austrian Mathematical Olympiad .--'
Ee are given a semicircle with diameter A0. &oints 1 and D are marked on the semicircle, such that A1 8
1D holds. !he tangent of the semicircle in 1 and the line Moining 0 and D intersect in a point D, and the
line Moining A and D intersects the semicircle in a point =. Show that =D P =1 must hold.
&roblem C of !okyo Kniversity Dntrance D%am .--*
A regular octahedron is placed on a hori"ontal rest. Draw the plan of topGview for the regular octahedron.
;et W', W. be the barycenters of the two faces of the regular octahedron parallel to each other. =ind the
volume of the solid by revolving the regular tetrahedron about the line W'W. as the a%is of rotation.
&roblem . of (ndia &ostal 1oaching .--H
;et _iP be a se2uence of concentric circles such that the se2uence _(P, where ( denotes the radius of
i# is increasing and i ) k as M ) k. ;et A01 be a triangle inscribed in i. D%tend the rays A 0, 01, 1A to
meet i at A, 0 and 1, respectively to form the triangle A01. 1ontinue this process. Show that the se2uence
of triangles _A01P tends to an e2uilateral triangle as n) k.
&roblem C of the (rish Mathematical Olympiad 'B**
A01 is a triangle inscribed in a circle, and D is the midGpoint of the arc subtended by 01 on the side
remote from A. (f through D a diameter DD is drawn, show that the measure of the angle DDA is half the
magnitude of the difference of the measures of the angles at 0 and 1.
&roblem at Art Of the &roblem Solving website .-''
!here is a point & inside a rectangle A01D such that A&D 8 ''-?, &01 8 ,-?, &10 8 C-?. =ind
&AD.
&roblem J of the Vietnamese Mathematical Olympiad 'B*.
;et A01DAX0X1XDX be a cube Lwhere A01D and AX0X1XDX are faces and AAX, 00X, 11X, DDX are edges:.
1onsider the four lines AAX, 01, DX1X and the line Moining the midpoints of 00X and DDX. Show that there is
no line which cuts all the four lines.
&roblem ' of 0ritish Mathematical Olympiad .-''
;et A01 be a triangle and Q be a point inside the triangle. !he lines AQ, 0Q and 1Q meet the circumcircle
of triangle A01 again at &, 9 and ), respectively. 1hoose a point K on Q& which is between Q and &.
Suppose that the lines through K which are parallel to A0 and 1A meet Q9 and Q) at points V and E,
respectively. &rove that the points E, ), 9 and V lie on a circle.
&roblem C of the Vietnamese Mathematical Olympiad 'B*'
A plane r and two points M, # outside it are given. Determine the point A on r for which is minimal.
&roblem H of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound +
!he sides of triangle A01 measure '', .-, and .' units. Ee fold it along &9, 9), )& where &, 9, ) are the
midpoints of its sides until A, 0, 1 coincide. Ehat is the volume of the resulting tetrahedronF
&roblem ' of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound ,
(n trape"oid A01D, the diagonals intersect at D. !he area of triangle A0D is ,., and the area of triangle
1DD is H-. Ehat is the area of trape"oid A01DF
&roblem + of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound ,
(n an attempt to copy down from a board a se2uence of si% positive integers in arithmetic progression, a
student wrote down the five numbers ''C, 'C,, '+B, 'HH, ',C accidentally omitting one. e later discovered
that he also miscopied one of them. 1an you help him and recover the original se2uenceF
&roblem ' of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound 'H
(s it possible to pair off the positive integers ', ., C, . . . ,H- insuch a manner that the sum of each pair of
numbers is a different prime numberF
&roblem H of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound 'C
Armed with Must a compass S no straightedge S draw two circles that intersect at right angle^ that is,
construct overlapping circles in the same plane, having perpendicular tangents at the two points where
they meet.
&roblem + of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound 'H
Suppose that for positive integers a, b, c and x, y, z, the e2uations a> @ b> 8 c> and x> @ y> 8 z> are
satisfied. &rove that
La @ x:> @ Lb @ y:> g Lc @ z:>, and determine when e2uality holds.
&roblem ' of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound ',
!he 'H+Gdigit number, 'B.-.'.. . . . BCB+BH, was obtained by listing the integers from 'B toBH
insuccession. Ee are to remove BH of its digits, so that the resulting number is as large as possible. Ehat
are the first 'B digits of this HBGdigit numberF
&roblem . of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound ',
=ind all pairs of positive integers Lm, n: for which m> S n> 8 'BBH.
&roblem + of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound ',
A man is J years older than his wife. e noticed + years ago that he has been married to her e%actly half of
his life. ow old will he be on their H-
th
anniversary if in '- years she will have spent twoGthirds of her life
married to himF
&roblem ' of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound .'
Determine the missing entries in the magic s2uare shown below, so that the sum of the three numbers in
each of the three rows, in each of the three columns, and along the two maMor diagonals is the same
constant %. Ehat is %F
&roblem H of (nternational Mathematical !alent Search )ound *
Wiven that a, b, x and y are real numbers such that
a @ b 8 .C,
ax @ by 8 ,B,
ax> @ by> 8 .',,
axO @ byO 8 JB'.
Determine ax@ by.
&roblem ' of Uugoslav Mathematical Olympiad .--'
Vertices of a s2uare A01D of side .Hd+ lie on a sphere. &arallel lines passing through points A, 0, 1 and
D intersect the sphere at points AX, 0X, 1X and DX, respectively. Wiven that AAX 8 J, 00X 8 '-, 11X 8 *,
determine the length of the segment DDX.
&roblem ' of !ournament Of !owns 'BBH
&rove that the number +-..-B Lwith at least one "ero: is not a perfect s2uare.