TLH9299

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December 1994
LM124LM224LM324LM2902
Low Power Quad Operational Amplifiers
General Description
The LM124 series consists of four independent high gain
internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers
which were designed specifically to operate from a single
power supply over a wide range of voltages Operation from
split power supplies is also possible and the low power sup-
ply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the
power supply voltage
Application areas include transducer amplifiers DC gain
blocks and all the conventional op amp circuits which now
can be more easily implemented in single power supply sys-
tems For example the LM124 series can be directly operat-
ed off of the standard a5V power supply voltage which is
used in digital systems and will easily provide the required
interface electronics without requiring the additional g15V
power supplies
Unique Characteristics
Y
In the linear mode the input common-mode voltage
range includes ground and the output voltage can also
swing to ground even though operated from only a sin-
gle power supply voltage
Y
The unity gain cross frequency is temperature
compensated
Y
The input bias current is also temperature
compensated
Advantages
Y
Eliminates need for dual supplies
Y
Four internally compensated op amps in a single
package
Y
Allows directly sensing near GND and V
OUT
also goes
to GND
Y
Compatible with all forms of logic
Y
Power drain suitable for battery operation
Features
Y
Internally frequency compensated for unity gain
Y
Large DC voltage gain 100 dB
Y
Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHz
(temperature compensated)
Y
Wide power supply range
Single supply 3V to 32V
or dual supplies g15V to g16V
Y
Very low supply current drain (700 mA)essentially in-
dependent of supply voltage
Y
Low input biasing current 45 nA
(temperature compensated)
Y
Low input offset voltage 2 mV
and offset current 5 nA
Y
Input common-mode voltage range includes ground
Y
Differential input voltage range equal to the power sup-
ply voltage
Y
Large output voltage swing 0V to V
a
b 15V
Connection Diagram
Dual-In-Line Package
TLH92991
Top View
Order Number LM124J LM124AJ LM124J883
LM124AJ883 LM224J LM224AJ LM324J LM324M
LM324AM LM2902M LM324N LM324AN or LM2902N
See NS Package Number J14A M14A or N14A
TLH929932
Order Number LM124AE883 or LM124E883
See NS Package Number E20A
TLH929933
Order Number LM124AW883 or LM124W883
See NS Package Number W14B
LM124A available per JM3851011006
LM124 available per JM3851011005
C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation RRD-B30M115Printed in U S A
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9
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2
4
Typical Performance Characteristics
Input Voltage Range Input Current Supply Current
Voltage Gain Response
Open Loop Frequency
Ratio
Common Mode Rejection
Response
Voltage Follower Pulse
Response (Small Signal)
Voltage Follower Pulse
Response
Large Signal Frequency
Current Sourcing
Output Characteristics
Current Sinking
Output Characteristics
Current Limiting
TLH92993
5
Typical Performance Characteristics (LM2902 only)
Input Current Voltage Gain
TLH92994
Application Hints
The LM124 series are op amps which operate with only a
single power supply voltage have true-differential inputs
and remain in the linear mode with an input common-mode
voltage of 0 V
DC
These amplifiers operate over a wide
range of power supply voltage with little change in perform-
ance characteristics At 25C amplifier operation is possible
down to a minimum supply voltage of 23 V
DC

The pinouts of the package have been designed to simplify

PC board layouts Inverting inputs are adjacent to outputs
for all of the amplifiers and the outputs have also been
placed at the corners of the package (pins 1 7 8 and 14)
Precautions should be taken to insure that the power supply
for the integrated circuit never becomes reversed in polarity
or that the unit is not inadvertently installed backwards in a
test socket as an unlimited current surge through the result-
ing forward diode within the IC could cause fusing of the
internal conductors and result in a destroyed unit
Large differential input voltages can be easily accommo-
dated and as input differential voltage protection diodes are
not needed no large input currents result from large differ-
ential input voltages The differential input voltage may be
larger than V
a
without damaging the device Protection
should be provided to prevent the input voltages from going
negative more than b03 V
DC
(at 25C) An input clamp
diode with a resistor to the IC input terminal can be used
To reduce the power supply drain the amplifiers have a
class A output stage for small signal levels which converts
to class B in a large signal mode This allows the amplifiers
to both source and sink large output currents Therefore
both NPN and PNP external current boost transistors can
be used to extend the power capability of the basic amplifi-
ers The output voltage needs to raise approximately 1 di-
ode drop above ground to bias the on-chip vertical PNP
transistor for output current sinking applications
For ac applications where the load is capacitively coupled
to the output of the amplifier a resistor should be used from
the output of the amplifier to ground to increase the class A
bias current and prevent crossover distortion
Where the load is directly coupled as in dc applications
there is no crossover distortion
Capacitive loads which are applied directly to the output of
the amplifier reduce the loop stability margin Values of
50 pF can be accommodated using the worst-case non-in-
verting unity gain connection Large closed loop gains or
resistive isolation should be used if larger load capacitance
must be driven by the amplifier
The bias network of the LM124 establishes a drain current
which is independent of the magnitude of the power supply
voltage over the range of from 3 V
DC
to 30 V
DC

Output short circuits either to ground or to the positive pow-

er supply should be of short time duration Units can be
destroyed not as a result of the short circuit current causing
metal fusing but rather due to the large increase in IC chip
dissipation which will cause eventual failure due to exces-
sive junction temperatures Putting direct short-circuits on
more than one amplifier at a time will increase the total IC
power dissipation to destructive levels if not properly pro-
tected with external dissipation limiting resistors in series
with the output leads of the amplifiers The larger value of
output source current which is available at 25C provides a
larger output current capability at elevated temperatures
(see typical performance characteristics) than a standard IC
op amp
The circuits presented in the section on typical applications
emphasize operation on only a single power supply voltage
If complementary power supplies are available all of the
standard op amp circuits can be used In general introduc-
ing a pseudo-ground (a bias voltage reference of V
a
2) will
allow operation above and below this value in single power
supply systems Many application circuits are shown which
take advantage of the wide input common-mode voltage
range which includes ground In most cases input biasing is
not required and input voltages which range to ground can
easily be accommodated
6
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
a
e 50 V
DC
)
Non-Inverting DC Gain (0V Input e 0V Output)
TLH92995
R not needed due to temperature
independent I
IN
DC Summing Amplifier
(V
INS
t
0 V
DC
and V
O
t
V
DC
)
TLH92996
Where V
O
e V
1
a V
2
b V
3
b V
4
(V
1
a V
2
) t (V
3
a V
4
) to keep V
O
l 0 V
DC
Power Amplifier
V
O
e 0 V
DC
for V
IN
e 0 V
DC
A
V
e 10
TLH92997
LED Driver
TLH92998
BI-QUAD RC Active Bandpass Filter
f
o
e 1 kHz
Q e 50
A
V
e 100 (40 dB)
TLH92999
7
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
a
e 50 V
DC
) (Continued)
Fixed Current Sources
TLH929910
I
2
e

R1
R2 J
I
1
Lamp Driver
TLH929911
Current Monitor
V
O
e
1V(I
L
)
1A
V
L
s V
a
b 2V
(Increase R1 for I
L
small)
TLH929912
Driving TTL
TLH929913
Voltage Follower
V
O
e V
IN
TLH929914
Pulse Generator
TLH929915
8
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
a
e 50 V
DC
) (Continued)
Squarewave Oscillator
TLH929916
Pulse Generator
TLH929917
High Compliance Current Sink
I
O
e 1 ampvolt V
IN
(Increase R
E
for I
o
small) TLH929918
Low Drift Peak Detector
HIGH Z
IN
LOW Z
OUT
TLH929919
Comparator with Hysteresis
TLH929920
Ground Referencing a Differential Input Signal
V
O
e V
R
TLH929921
9
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
a
e 50 V
DC
) (Continued)
Voltage Controlled Oscillator Circuit
TLH929922
Wide control voltage range 0 V
DC
s V
C
s 2 (V
a
b15 V
DC
)
Photo Voltaic-Cell Amplifier
TLH929923
AC Coupled Inverting Amplifier
TLH929924
A
V
e
R
f
R1
(As shown A
V
e 10)
10
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
a
e 50 V
DC
) (Continued)
AC Coupled Non-Inverting Amplifier
TLH929925
A
V
e 1 a
R2
R1
A
V
e 11 (As shown)
DC Coupled Low-Pass RC Active Filter
TLH929926
f
O
e 1 kHz
Q e 1
A
V
e 2
High Input Z DC Differential Amplifier
TLH929927
For
R1
R2
e
R4
R3
(CMRR depends on this resistor ratio match)
V
O
e 1 a
R4
R3
(V
2
b V
1
)
As shown V
O
e 2(V
2
b V
1
)
11
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
a
e 50 V
DC
) (Continued)
High Input Z Adjustable-Gain
DC Instrumentation Amplifier
TLH929928
If R1 e R5 R3 e R4 e R6 e R7 (CMRR depends on match)
V
O
e 1 a
2R1
R2
(V
2
b V
1
)
As shown V
O
e 101 (V
2
b V
1
)
Using Symmetrical Amplifiers to
Reduce Input Current (General Concept)
TLH929929
Bridge Current Amplifier
For e kk 1 and R
f
ll R
V
O
j V
REF

e
2 J
R
f
R
TLH929930
12
Typical Single-Supply Applications (V
a
e 50 V
DC
) (Continued)
Bandpass Active Filter
TLH929931
f
O
e 1 kHz
Q e 25
13
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
Leadless Chip Carrier Package
Order Number LM124AE883 or LM124E883
NS Package Number E20A
Ceramic Dual-In-Line Package (J)
Order Number LM124J LM124AJ LM124AJ883 LM124J883 LM224J LM224AJ or LM324J
NS Package Number J14A
14
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
SO Package (M)
Order Number LM324M LM324AM or LM2902M
NS Package Number M14A
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
Order Number LM324N LM324AN or LM2902N
NS Package Number N14A
15
L
M
1
2
4

L
M
2
2
4

L
M
3
2
4

L
M
2
9
0
2
L
o
w
P
o
w
e
r
Q
u
a
d
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
A
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
s
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
Ceramic Flatpak Package
Order Number LM124AW883 or LM124W883
NS Package Number W14B
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
NATIONALS PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION As used herein
1 Life support devices or systems are devices or 2 A critical component is any component of a life
systems which (a) are intended for surgical implant support device or system whose failure to perform can
into the body or (b) support or sustain life and whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system or to affect its safety or
with instructions for use provided in the labeling can effectiveness
be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury
to the user
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