IPC1860

THE I NDI AN PENAL CODE, 1860
ACT NO. 45 OF 1860 1*

[ 6t h Oct ober , 1860. ]

CHAPTER I

I NTRODUCTI ON

CHAPTER I

I NTRODUCTI ON

Pr eambl e. - WHEREAS i t i s expedi ent t o pr ovi de a gener al Penal Code
f or 2*[ I ndi a] ;

I t i s enact ed as f ol l ows: - -

1.

Ti t l e and ext ent of oper at i on of t he Code.

1. Ti t l e and ext ent of oper at i on of t he Code. - - Thi s Act shal l be
cal l ed t he I ndi an Penal Code, and shal l 3*[ ext end t o t he whol e of
I ndi a 4*[ except t he St at e of J ammu and Kashmi r ] ] .

2.

Puni shment of of f ences commi t t ed wi t hi n I ndi a.

2. Puni shment of of f ences commi t t ed wi t hi n I ndi a. - - Ever y per son
shal l be l i abl e t o puni shment under t hi s Code and not ot her wi se f or
ever y act or omi ssi on cont r ar y t o t he pr ovi si ons t her eof , of whi ch he
shal l be gui l t y wi t hi n 5*[ I ndi a] 6****.

3.

Puni shment of of f ences commi t t ed beyond, but whi ch by l aw may be t r i ed
wi t hi n, I ndi a.

3. Puni shment of of f ences commi t t ed beyond, but whi ch by l aw may
be t r i ed wi t hi n, I ndi a. - - Any per son l i abl e, by any 7*[ I ndi an l aw] ,
t o be t r i ed f or an of f ence commi t t ed beyond 5*[ I ndi a] shal l be
deal t wi t h accor di ng t o t he pr ovi si ons of t hi s Code f or any act
commi t t ed beyond 5*[ I ndi a] i n t he same manner as i f such act had
been commi t t ed wi t hi n 5*[ I ndi a] .

4.

Ext ensi on of Code t o ext r a- t er r i t or i al of f ences.

8*[ 4. Ext ensi on of Code t o ext r a- t er r i t or i al of f ences. - - The
pr ovi si ons of t hi s Code appl y al so t o any of f ence commi t t ed by- -

9*[ ( 1) any ci t i zen of I ndi a i n any pl ace wi t hout and
beyond I ndi a;

( 2) any per son on any shi p or ai r cr af t r egi st er ed i n I ndi a
wher ever i t may be. ]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. The Act has been amended i n i t s appl i cat i on t o Madr as by
Madr as Act 25 of 1960, U. P. by U. P. Act s 31 of 1961, 29 of 1970
and 47 of 1975, Andhr a Pr adesh by Andhr a Pr adesh Act 16 of 1968,
Mahar asht r a by Mahar asht r a Act 19 of 1971, Mysor e by Mysor e Act 8
of 1972, West Bengal by West Bengal Act 42 of 1973.

The Act has been ext ended t o Goa, Daman and Di u wi t h
modi f i cat i ons by Reg. 12 of 1962, s. 3 and Sch. , ext ended t o and
br ought i nt o f or ce i n Dadr a and Nagar Havel i by Reg. 6 of 1963,
s. 2 and Sch. I ( w. e. f . 1- 7- 1965) and t o Laccadi ve, Mi ni coy and
Ami ndi vi I sl ands by Reg. 8 of 1965, s. 3 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 1- 10-
1967) .

The Act comes i nt o f or ce i n Pondi cher r y vi de Reg. 7 of 1963,
s. 3 and Sch. I ( w. e. f . 1- 10- 1963) .

2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he whol e of
I ndi a except Par t B St at es" .

3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " t ake ef f ect * * * t hr oughout
Br i t i sh I ndi a" . The wor ds and f i gur es " on and f r omt he f i r st day
of May, 1861" occur r i ng bet ween t he wor ds " ef f ect " and
" t hr oughout " wer e r ep. by Act 12 of 1891.

4. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " except Par t B
St at es" .

5. Subs. by s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or " t he St at es" .

6. The wor ds and f i gur es " on or af t er t he sai d f i r st day of May,
1861" omi t t ed by Act 12 of 1891.

7. Subs. by t he A. O. 1937, f or " l aw passed by t he Gover nor - Gener al
of I ndi a i n Counci l " .

8. Subs. by Act 4 of 1898, s. 2, f or t he or i gi nal s. 4.

9. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or t he or i gi nal cl s. ( 1) t o ( 4) .

102

Expl anat i on.

Expl anat i on. - - I n t hi s sect i on t he wor d " of f ence" i ncl udes ever y
act commi t t ed out si de 1*[ I ndi a] whi ch, i f commi t t ed i n 1*[ I ndi a] woul d
be puni shabl e under t hi s Code.

2*[ I l l ust r at i on]

3***A, 4*[ who i s 5*[ a ci t i zen of I ndi a] ] , commi t s a mur der i n
Uganda. He can be t r i ed and convi ct ed of mur der i n any pl ace i n
1*[ I ndi a] i n whi ch he may be f ound.

6* * * * *

5.

Cer t ai n l aws not t o be af f ect ed by t hi s Act .

7*[ 5. Cer t ai n l aws not t o be af f ect ed by t hi s Act . - - Not hi ng i n
t hi s Act shal l af f ect t he pr ovi si ons of any Act f or puni shi ng mut i ny
and deser t i on of of f i cer s, sol di er s, sai l or s or ai r men i n t he ser vi ce
of t he Gover nment of I ndi a or t he pr ovi si on of any speci al or l ocal
l aw. ]

CHAPTER I I

GENERAL EXPLANATI ONS

CHAPTER I I

GENERAL EXPLANATI ONS

6.

Def i ni t i ons i n t he Code t o be under st ood subj ect t o except i ons.

6. Def i ni t i ons i n t he Code t o be under st ood subj ect t o
except i ons. - - Thr oughout t hi s Code ever y def i ni t i on of an of f ence,
ever y penal pr ovi si on and ever y i l l ust r at i on of ever y such def i ni t i on
or penal pr ovi si on, shal l be under st ood subj ect t o t he except i ons
cont ai ned i n t he Chapt er ent i t l ed " Gener al Except i ons" , t hough t hose
except i ons ar e not r epeat ed i n such def i ni t i on, penal pr ovi si on, or
i l l ust r at i on.

I l l ust r at i ons

( a) The sect i ons, i n t hi s Code, whi ch cont ai n def i ni t i ons of
of f ences, do not expr ess t hat a chi l d under seven year s of age cannot
commi t such of f ences; but t he def i ni t i ons ar e t o be under st ood subj ect
t o t he gener al except i on whi ch pr ovi des t hat not hi ng shal l be an
of f ence whi ch done by chi l d under seven year s of age.

( b) A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , wi t hout war r ant , appr ehends Z who has
commi t t ed mur der . Her e A i s not gui l t y of t he of f ence of wr ongf ul
conf i nement ; f or he was bound by l aw t o appr ehend Z, and t her ef or e t he
case f al l s wi t hi n t he gener al except i on whi ch pr ovi des t hat " not hi ng
i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a per son who i s bound by l aw t o do i t " .

7.

Sense of expr essi on once expl ai ned.

7. Sense of expr essi on once expl ai ned. - - Ever y expr essi on whi ch i s
expl ai ned i n any par t of t hi s Code, i s used i n ever y par t of t hi s Code
i n conf or mi t y wi t h t he expl anat i on.

8.

Gender .

8. Gender . - - The pr onoun " he" and i t s der i vat i ves ar e used of any
per son, whet her mal e or f emal e.

9.

Number .

9. Number . - - Unl ess t he cont r ar y appear s f r omt he cont ext , wor ds
i mpor t i ng t he si ngul ar number i ncl ude t he pl ur al number , and wor ds
i mpor t i ng t he pl ur al number i ncl ude t he si ngul ar number .

10.

" Man" . " Woman" .

10. " Man" . " Woman" . - - The wor d " man" denot es a mal e human bei ng of
any age; t he wor d " woman" denot es a f emal e human bei ng of any age.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .

2. Subs. by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I , f or " I l l ust r at i ons" .

3. The br acket s and l et t er `6( a) ' omi t t ed by s. 3 and Sch. I I , i bi d.

4. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " a cool i e, who i s a Nat i ve I ndi an
subj ect " .

5. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " a Br i t i sh subj ect of I ndi an
domi ci l e" .

6. I l l ust r at i ons ( b) , ( c) and ( d) wer e r ep. by t he A. O. 1950.

7. Subs. , i bi d. , f or t he f or mer s. 5.

103

11.

" Per son" .

11. " Per son" . - - The wor d " per son" i ncl udes any Company or
Associ at i on or body of per sons, whet her i ncor por at ed or not .

12.

" Publ i c" .

12. " Publ i c" . - - The wor d " publ i c" i ncl udes any cl ass of t he publ i c
or any communi t y.

13.

[ Def i ni t i on of " Queen" . ] Rep. by t he A. O. 1950.

14.

" Ser vant of Gover nment " .

1*[ 14. " Ser vant of Gover nment " . - - The wor ds " ser vant of
Gover nment " denot e any of f i cer or ser vant cont i nued, appoi nt ed or
empl oyed i n I ndi a by or under t he aut hor i t y of Gover nment . ]

15.

[ Def i ni t i on of " Br i t i sh I ndi a" . ] Rep. by t he A. O. 1937.

16.

Def i ni t i on of " Gover nment of I ndi a" . ] Rep. , i bi d.

17.

" Gover nment " .

2*[ 17 " Gover nment " . - - The wor d " Gover nment " denot es t he Cent r al
Gover nment or t he Gover nment of a 3****St at e. ]

18.

" I ndi a" .

4*[ 18. " I ndi a" . - - " I ndi a" means t he t er r i t or y of I ndi a excl udi ng
t he St at e of J ammu and Kashmi r . ]

19.

" J udge" .

19. " J udge" . - - The wor d " J udge" denot es not onl y ever y per son who
i s of f i ci al l y desi gnat ed as a J udge, but al so ever y per son.

who i s empower ed by l aw t o gi ve, i n any l egal pr oceedi ng, ci vi l
or cr i mi nal , a def i ni t i ve j udgment , or a j udgment whi ch, i f not
appeal ed agai nst , woul d be def i ni t i ve, or a j udgment whi ch, i f
conf i r med by some ot her aut hor i t y, woul d be def i ni t i ve, or

who i s one of a body of per sons, whi ch body of per sons i s
empower ed by l aw t o gi ve such a j udgment .


( a) A col l ect or exer ci si ng j ur i sdi ct i on i n a sui t under Act 10 of
1859, i s a J udge.

( b) A Magi st r at e exer ci si ng j ur i sdi ct i on i n r espect of a char ge
on whi ch he has power t o sent ence t o f i ne or i mpr i sonment wi t h or
wi t hout appeal , i s a J udge.

( c) A member of a panchayat whi ch has power , under 5*Regul at i on
VI I , 1816, of t he Madr as Code, t o t r y and det er mi ne sui t , i s a J udge.

( d) A Magi st r at e exer ci si ng j ur i sdi ct i on i n r espect of a char ge
on whi ch he has power onl y t o commi t f or t r i al t o anot her Cour t , i s
not a J udge.

20.

" Cour t of J ust i ce" .

20. " Cour t of J ust i ce" . - - The wor ds " Cour t of J ut si ce" denot e a
J udge who i s empower ed by l aw t o act j udi ci al l y al one, or a body of
J udges whi ch i s empower ed by l aw t o act j udi ci al l y as a body, when
such J udge or body of J udges i s act i ng j udi ci al l y.

I l l ust r at i on

A Panchayat act i ng under 5*Regul at i on VI I , 1816, of t he Madr as
Code, havi ng power t o t r y and det er mi ne sui t s, i s a Cour t of J ust i ce.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or s. 14.

2. Subs. , i bi d. , f or s. 17.

3. The wor ds and l et t er " Par t A" omi t t ed by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and
Sch.

4. Subs. by s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or s. 18.

5. Rep. by t he Madr as Ci vi l Cour t s Act , 1873 ( 3 of 1873) .

104

21.

" Publ i c ser vant " .

21. " Publ i c ser vant " . - - The wor ds " publ i c ser vant " denot e a per son
f al l i ng under any of t he descr i pt i ons her ei naf t er f ol l owi ng, namel y: - -

1* * * * *

Second. - - Ever y Commi ssi oned Of f i cer i n t he Mi l i t ar y,
2*[ Naval or Ai r ] For ces 3*[ 4**** of I ndi a] ;

5*[ Thi r d. - - Ever y J udge i ncl udi ng any per son empower ed by
l aw t o di schar ge, whet her by hi msel f or as a member of any body
of per sons. any adj udi cat or y f unct i ons; ]

Four t h. - - Ever y of f i cer of a Cour t of J ust i ce
6*[ ( i ncl udi ng a l i qui dat or , r ecei ver or commi ssi oner ) ] whose dut y
i t i s, as such of f i cer , t o i nvest i gat e or r epor t on any mat t er of
l aw or f act , or t o make, aut hent i cat e, or keep any document , or
t o t ake char ge or di spose of any pr oper t y, or t o execut e any
j udi ci al pr ocess, or t o admi ni st er any oat h, or t o i nt er pr et , or
t o pr eser ve or der i n t he Cour t , and ever y per son speci al l y
aut hor i zed by a Cour t of J ust i ce t o per f or many of such dut i es;

Fi f t h. - - Ever y j ur yman, assessor , or member of a panchayat
assi st i ng a Cour t of J ust i ce or publ i c ser vant ;

Si xt h. - - Ever y ar bi t r at or or ot her per son t o whomany cause
or mat t er has been r ef er r ed f or deci si on or r epor t by any Cour t
of J ust i ce, or by any ot her compet ent publ i c aut hor i t y;

Sevent h. - - Ever y per son who hol ds any of f i ce by vi r t ue of
whi ch he i s empower ed t o pl ace or keep any per son i n conf i nement ;

Ei ght h. - - Ever y of f i cer of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] whose dut y i t
i s, as such of f i cer , t o pr event of f ences, t o gi ve i nf or mat i on of
of f ences, t o br i ng of f ender s t o j ust i ce, or t o pr ot ect t he publ i c
heal t h, saf et y or conveni ence;

Ni nt h. - - Ever y of f i cer whose dut y i t i s as such of f i cer , t o
t ake, r ecei ve, keep or expend any pr oper t y on behal f of 7*[ t he
Gover nment ] , or t o make any sur vey, assessment or cont r act on
behal f of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] , or t o execut e any r evenue-
pr ocess, or t o i nvest i gat e, or t o r epor t , on any mat t er af f ect i ng
t he pecuni ar y i nt er est s of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] , or t o make.
aut hent i cat e or keep any document r el at i ng t o t he pecuni ar y
i nt er est s of 7*[ t he Gover nment ] , or t o pr event t he i nf r act i on
of any l aw f or t he pr ot ect i on of t he pecuni ar y i nt er est s of
7*[ t he Gover nment ] 8****;

Tent h. - - Ever y of f i cer whose dut y i t i s, as such of f i cer , t o
t ake, r ecei ve, keep or expend any pr oper t y, t o make any sur vey or
assessment or t o l evy any r at e or t ax f or any secul ar common
pur pose of any vi l l age, t own or di st r i ct , or t o make,
aut hent i cat e or keep any document f or t he ascer t ai ni ng of t he
r i ght s of t he peopl e of any vi l l age, t own or di st r i ct ;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Cl . Fi r st omi t t ed by t he A. O. 1950.

2. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " or Naval " .

3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " of t he Queen whi l e ser vi ng under
any Gover nment i n Br i t i sh I ndi a or t he Cr own Repr esent at i ve" .

4. The wor ds " of t he Domi ni on" omi t t ed by t he A. O. 1950.

5. Subs. by Act 40 of 1964, s. 2, f or cl . Thi r d.

6. I ns. by s. 2, i bi d.

7. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he Cr own" .

8. Cer t ai n wor ds omi t t ed by Act 40 of 1964, s. 2.

105

1*[ El event h. - - Ever y per son who hol ds any of f i ce i n vi r t ue
of whi ch he i s empower ed t o pr epar e, publ i sh, mai nt ai n or r evi se
an el ect or al r ol l or t o conduct an el ect i on or par t of an
el ect i on; ]

2*[ Twel f t h. - - Ever y per son- -

( a) i n t he ser vi ce or pay of t he Gover nment or
r emuner at ed by f ees or commi ssi on f or t he per f or mance of any
publ i c dut y by t he Gover nment ;

( b) i n t he ser vi ce or pay of a l ocal aut hor i t y, a
cor por at i on est abl i shed by or under a Cent r al , Pr ovi nci al or
St at e Act or a Gover nment company as def i ned i n sect i on 617
of t he Compani es Act , 1956 ( 1 of 1956) . ]

I l l ust r at i on

A Muni ci pal Commi ssi oner i s a publ i c ser vant .

Expl anat i on 1. - - Per sons f al l i ng under any of t he above
descr i pt i ons ar e publ i c ser vant s, whet her appoi nt ed by t he Gover nment
or not .

Expl anat i on 2. - - Wher ever t he wor ds " publ i c ser vant " occur , t hey
shal l be under st ood of ever y per son who i s i n act ual possessi on of t he
si t uat i on of a publ i c ser vant , what ever l egal def ect t her e may be i n
hi s r i ght t o hol d t hat si t uat i on.

3*[ Expl anat i on 3. - - The wor d " el ect i on" denot es an el ect i on f or
t he pur pose of sel ect i ng member s of any l egi sl at i ve, muni ci pal or
ot her publ i c aut hor i t y, of what ever char act er , t he met hod of sel ect i on
t o whi ch i s by, or under , any l aw pr escr i bed as by el ect i on. ]

4* * * * *

22.

" Movabl e pr oper t y" .

22. " Movabl e pr oper t y" . - - The wor ds " movabl e pr oper t y" ar e
i nt ended t o i ncl ude cor por eal pr oper t y of ever y descr i pt i on, except
l and and t hi ngs at t ached t o t he ear t h or per manent l y f ast ened t o
anyt hi ng whi ch i s at t ached t o t he ear t h.

23.

" Wr ongf ul gai n" .

23. " Wr ongf ul gai n" . - - " Wr ongf ul gai n" i s gai n by unl awf ul means
of pr oper t y t o whi ch t he per son gai ni ng i s not l egal l y ent i t l ed.

" Wr ongf ul l oss" .

" Wr ongf ul l oss" . - - " Wr ongf ul l oss" i s t he l oss by unl awf ul means
of pr oper t y t o whi ch t he per son l osi ng i t i s l egal l y ent i t l ed.

Gai ni ng wr ongf ul l y. Losi ng wr ongf ul l y.

Gai ni ng wr ongf ul l y. Losi ng wr ongf ul l y. - - A per son i s sai d t o gai n
wr ongf ul l y when such per son r et ai ns wr ongf ul l y, as wel l as when such
per son acqui r es wr ongf ul l y. A per son i s sai d t o l ose wr ongf ul l y when
such per son i s wr ongf ul l y kept out of any pr oper t y, as wel l as when
such per son i s wr ongf ul l y depr i ved of pr oper t y.

24.

" Di shonest l y" .

24. " Di shonest l y" . - - Whoever does anyt hi ng wi t h t he i nt ent i on of
causi ng wr ongf ul gai n t o one per son or wr ongf ul l oss t o anot her
per son, i s sai d t o do t hat t hi ng " di shonest l y" .

25.

" Fr audul ent l y" .

25. " Fr audul ent l y" . - - A per son i s sai d t o do a t hi ng f r audul ent l y
i f he does t hat t hi ng wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud but not ot her wi se.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 39 of 1920, s. 2.

2. Subs. by Act 40 of 1964, s. 2, f or cl . Twel f t h, i ns. by Act 2 of
1958, s. 2.

3. I ns. by Act 39 of 1920, s. 2.

4. Expl anat i on 4 i ns. by Act 2 of 1958, s. 2, omi t t ed by Act 40 of
1964, s. 2.

106

26.

" Reason t o bel i eve" .

26. " Reason t o bel i eve" . - - A per son i s sai d t o have " r eason t o
bel i eve" a t hi ng, i f he has suf f i ci ent cause t o bel i eve t hat t hi ng but
not ot her wi se.

27.

Pr oper t y i n possessi on of wi f e, cl er k or ser vant .

27. Pr oper t y i n possessi on of wi f e, cl er k or ser vant . - - When
pr oper t y i s i n t he possessi on of a per son' s wi f e, cl er k or ser vant , on
account of t hat per son, i t i s i n t hat per son' s possessi on wi t hi n t he
meani ng of t hi s Code.

Expl anat i on. - - A per son empl oyed t empor ar i l y or on a par t i cul ar
occasi on i n t he capaci t y of a cl er k, or ser vant , i s a cl er k or ser vant
wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.

28.

" Count er f ei t " .

28. " Count er f ei t " . - - A per son i s sai d t o " count er f ei t " who causes
one t hi ng t o r esembl e anot her t hi ng, i nt endi ng by means of t hat
r esembl ance t o pr act i se decept i on, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat
decept i on wi l l t her eby be pr act i sed.

1*[ Expl anat i on 1. - - I t i s not essent i al t o count er f ei t i ng t hat
t he i mi t at i on shoul d be exact .

Expl anat i on 2. - - When a per son causes one t hi ng t o r esembl e
anot her t hi ng, and t he r esembl ance i s such t hat a per son mi ght be
decei ved t her eby, i t shal l be pr esumed, unt i l t he cont r ar y i s pr oved,
t hat t he per son so causi ng t he one t hi ng t o r esembl e t he ot her t hi ng
i nt ended by means of t hat r esembl ance t o pr act i se decept i on or knew i t
t o be l i kel y t hat decept i on woul d t her eby be pr act i sed. ]

29.

" Document " .

29. " Document " . - - The wor d " document " denot es any mat t er expr essed
or descr i bed upon any subst ance by means of l et t er s, f i gur es or mar ks,
or by mor e t han one of t hose means, i nt ended t o be used, or whi ch may
be used, as evi dence of t hat mat t er .

Expl anat i on 1. - - I t i s i mmat er i al by what means or upon what
subst ance t he l et t er s, f i gur es or mar ks ar e f or med, or whet her t he
evi dence i s i nt ended f or , or may be used i n, a Cour t of J ust i ce, or
not .


A wr i t i ng expr essi ng t he t er ms of a cont r act , whi ch may be used
as evi dence of t he cont r act , i s a document .

A cheque upon a banker i s a document .

A power - of - at t or ney i s a document .

A map or pl an whi ch i s i nt ended t o be used or whi ch may be used
as evi dence, i s a document .

A wr i t i ng cont ai ni ng di r ect i ons or i nst r uct i ons i s a document .

Expl anat i on 2. - - What ever i s expr essed by means of l et t er s,
f i gur es or mar ks as expl ai ned by mer cant i l e or ot her usage, shal l be
deemed t o be expr essed by such l et t er s, f i gur es or mar ks wi t hi n t he
meani ng of t hi s sect i on, al t hough t he same may not be act ual l y
expr essed.

I l l ust r at i on

A wr i t es hi s name on t he back of a bi l l of exchange payabl e t o
hi s or der . The meani ng of t he endor sement as expl ai ned by mer cant i l e
usage, i s t hat t he bi l l i s t o be pai d t o t he hol der . The endor sement
i s a document , and must be const r ued i n t he same manner as i f t he
wor ds " pay t o t he hol der " or wor ds t o t hat ef f ect had been wr i t t en
over t he si gnat ur e.

30.

" Val uabl e secur i t y" .

30. " Val uabl e secur i t y" . - - The wor ds " val uabl e secur i t y" denot e a
document whi ch i s, or pur por t s t o be, a document wher eby any l egal
r i ght i s cr eat ed, ext ended, t r ansf er r ed, r est r i ct ed, ext i ngui shed or
r el eased, or who her eby any per son acknowl edges t hat he l i es under
l egal l i abi l i t y, or has not a cer t ai n l egal r i ght .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 1 of 1889, s. 9, f or t he or i gi nal Expl anat i on.

107

I l l ust r at i on

A wr i t es hi s name on t he back of a bi l l of exchange. As t he
ef f ect of t hi s endor sement i s t o t r ansf er t he r i ght t o t he bi l l t o any
per son who may become t he l awf ul hol der of i t , t he endor sement i s a
" val uabl e secur i t y" .

31.

" A wi l l " .

31. " A wi l l " . - - The wor ds " a wi l l " denot e any t est ament ar y
document .

32.

Wor ds r ef er r i ng t o act s i ncl ude i l l egal omi ssi ons.

32. Wor ds r ef er r i ng t o act s i ncl ude i l l egal omi ssi ons. - - I n ever y
par t of t hi s Code, except wher e a cont r ar y i nt ent i on appear s f r omt he
cont ext , wor ds whi ch r ef er t o act s done ext end al so t o i l l egal
omi ssi ons.

33.

" Act " . " Omi ssi on" .

33. " Act " . " Omi ssi on" . - - The wor d " act " denot es as wel l as ser i es
of act s as a si ngl e act : t he wor d " omi ssi on" denot es as wel l a ser i es
of omi ssi ons as a si ngl e omi ssi on.

34.

Act s done by sever al per sons i n f ut her ance of common i nt ent i on.

1*[ 34. Act s done by sever al per sons i n f ut her ance of common
i nt ent i on. - - When a cr i mi nal act i s done by sever al per sons i n
f ur t her ance of t he common i nt ent i on of al l , each of such per sons i s
l i abl e f or t hat act i n t he same manner as i f i t wer e done by hi m
al one. ]

35.

When such an act i s cr i mi nal by r eason of i t s bei ng done wi t h a
cr i mi nal knowl edge or i nt ent i on.

35. When such an act i s cr i mi nal by r eason of i t s bei ng done wi t h
a cr i mi nal knowl edge or i nt ent i on. - - Whenever an act , whi ch i s cr i mi nal
onl y by r eason of i t s bei ng done wi t h a cr i mi nal knowl edge or
i nt ent i on, i s done by sever al per sons, each of such per sons who j oi ns
i n t he act wi t h such knowl edge or i nt ent i on i s l i abl e f or t he act i n
t he same manner as i f t he act wer e done by hi m al one wi t h t hat
knowl edge or i nt ent i on.

36.

Ef f ect caused par t l y by act and par t l y by omi ssi on.

36. Ef f ect caused par t l y by act and par t l y by omi ssi on. - - Wher ever
t he causi ng of a cer t ai n ef f ect , or an at t empt t o cause t hat ef f ect ,
by an act or by an omi ssi on, i s an of f ence, i t i s t o be under st ood
t hat t he causi ng of t hat ef f ect par t l y by an act and par t l y by an
omi ssi on i s t he same of f ence.

I l l ust r at i on

A i nt ent i onal l y causes Z' s deat h, par t l y by i l l egal l y omi t t i ng t o
gi ve Z f ood, and par t y by beat i ng Z. A has commi t t ed mur der .

37.

Co- oper at i on by doi ng one of sever al act s const i t ut i ng an of f ence.

37. Co- oper at i on by doi ng one of sever al act s const i t ut i ng an
of f ence. - - When an of f ence i s commi t t ed by means of sever al act s,
whoever i nt ent i onal l y co- oper at es i n t he commi ssi on of t hat of f ence by
doi ng any one of t hose act s, ei t her si ngl y or j oi nt l y wi t h any ot her
per son, commi t s t hat of f ence.


( a) A and B agr ee t o mur der Z by sever al l y and at di f f er ent t i mes
gi vi ng hi m smal l doses of poi son. A and B admi ni st er t he poi son
accor di ng t o t he agr eement wi t h i nt ent t o mur der Z. Z di es f r omt he
ef f ect s t he sever al doses of poi son so admi ni st er ed t o hi m. Her e A and
B i nt ent i onal l y co oper at e i n t he commi ssi on of mur der and as each of
t hemdoes an act by whi ch t he deat h i s caused, t hey ar e bot h gui l t y of
t he of f ence t hough t hei r act s ar e separ at e.

( b) A and B ar e j oi nt j ai l or s, and as such have t he char ge of Z,
a pr i soner , al t er nat i vel y f or si x hour s at a t i me. A and B, i nt endi ng
t o cause Z' s deat h, knowi ngl y co- oper at e i n causi ng t hat ef f ect by
i l l egal l y omi t t i ng, each dur i ng t he t i me of hi s at t endance, t o f ur ni sh
Z wi t h f ood suppl i ed t o t hemf or t hat pur pose. Z dues of hunger . Bot h
A and B ar e gui l t y of t he mur der of Z.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 1, f or t he or i gi nal sect i on.

108

( c) A, a j ai l or , has t he char ge of Z, a pr i soner . A, i nt endi ng t o
cause Z' s deat h, i l l egal l y omi t s t o suppl y Z wi t h f ood; i n consequence
of whi ch Z i s much r educed i n st r engt h, but t he st ar vat i on i s not
suf f i ci ent t o cause hi s deat h. A i s di smi ssed f r omhi s of f i ce, and B
succeeds hi m. B, wi t hout col l usi on or co- oper at i on wi t h A, i l l egal l y
omi t s t o suppl y Z wi t h f ood, knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o
cause Z' s deat h. Z di es of hunger . B i s gui l t y of mur der , but , as A
di d not co- oper at e wi t h B. A i s gui l t y onl y of an at t empt t o commi t
mur der .

38.

Per sons concer ned i n cr i mi nal Act may be gui l t y of di f f er ent
of f ences.

38. Per sons concer ned i n cr i mi nal Act may be gui l t y of di f f er ent
of f ences. - - Wher e sever al per sons ar e engaged or concer ned i n t he
commi ssi on of a cr i mi nal act , t hey may be gui l t y of di f f er ent of f ences
by means of t hat act .

I l l ust r at i on

A at t acks Z under such ci r cumst ances of gr ave pr ovocat i on t hat
hi s ki l l i ng of Z woul d be onl y cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o
mur der . B, havi ng i l l - wi l l t owar ds Z and i nt endi ng t o ki l l hi m, and
not havi ng been subj ect t o t he pr ovocat i on, assi st s A i n ki l l i ng Z.
Her e, t hough A and B ar e bot h engaged i n causi ng Z' s deat h, B i s
gui l t y of mur der , and A i s gui l t y onl y of cul pabl e homi ci de.

39.

" Vol unt ar i l y" .

39. " Vol unt ar i l y" . - - A per son i s sai d t o cause an ef f ect
" vol unt ar i l y" when he causes i t by means wher eby he i nt ended t o cause
i t , or by means whi ch, at t he t i me of empl oyi ng t hose means, he knew
or had r eason t o bel i eve t o be l i kel y t o cause i t .

I l l ust r at i on

A set s f i r e, by ni ght , t o an i nhabi t ed house i n a l ar ge t own, f or
t he pur pose of f aci l i t at i ng a r obber y and t hus causes t he deat h of a
per son. Her e, A may not have i nt ended t o cause deat h; and may even be
sor r y t hat deat h has been caused by hi s act ; yet , i f he knew t hat he
was l i kel y t o cause deat h, he has caused deat h vol unt ar i l y.

40.

" Of f ence" .

1*[ 40. " Of f ence" . - - Except i n t he 2*[ Chapt er s] and sect i ons
ment i oned i n cl auses 2 and 3 of t hi s sect i on, t he wor d " of f ence"
denot es a t hi ng made puni shabl e by t hi s Code.

I n Chapt er I V, 3*[ Chapt er VA] and i n t he f ol l owi ng sect i ons,
namel y, sect i ons 4*[ 64, 65, 66, 5*[ 67] , 71] , 109, 110, 112, 114, 115,
116, 117, 187, 194, 195, 203, 211, 213, 214, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225,
327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 347, 348, 388, 389 and 445, t he wor d
" of f ence" denot es a t hi ng puni shabl e under t hi s Code, or under any
speci al or l ocal l aw as her ei naf t er def i ned.

And i n sect i ons 141, 176, 177, 201, 202, 212, 216 and 441, t he
wor d " of f ence" has t he same meani ng when t he t hi ng puni shabl e under
t he speci al or l ocal l aw i s puni shabl e under such l aw wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or a t er m of si x mont hs or upwar ds, whet her wi t h or
wi t hout f i ne. ]

41.

" Speci al l aw" .

41. " Speci al l aw" . - - A " speci al l aw" i s a l aw appl i cabl e t o a
par t i cul ar subj ect .

42.

" Local l aw" .

42. " Local l aw" . - - A " l ocal l aw" i s a l aw appl i cabl e onl y t o a
par t i cul ar par t of 6* [ 7**** 8*[ I ndi a] ] .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2. Subs. by Act 8 of 1930, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " chapt er " .

3. I ns. by Act 8 of 1913, s. 2.

4. I ns. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 1.

5. I ns. by Act 10 of 1886, s. 21 ( 1) .

6. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " Br i t i sh I ndi a" .

7. The wor ds " t he t er r i t or i es compr i sed i n" wer e r ep. by Act 48 of
1952, s. 3 and Sch. I I .

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

109

43.

" I l l egal " .

" Legal l y bound t o do" .

43. " I l l egal " . " Legal l y bound t o do" . - - The wor d " i l l egal " i s
appl i cabl e t o ever yt hi ng whi ch i s an of f ence or whi ch i s pr ohi bi t ed by
l aw, or whi ch f ur ni shes gr ound f or a ci vi l act i on; and a per son i s
sai d t o be " l egal l y bound t o do" what ever i t i s i l l egal i n hi mt o
omi t .

44.

" I nj ur y" .

44. " I nj ur y" . - - The wor d " i nj ur y" denot es any har m what ever
i l l egal l y caused t o any per son, i n body, mi nd, r eput at i on or pr oper t y.

45.

" Li f e" .

45. " Li f e" . - - The wor d " l i f e" denot es t he l i f e of a human bei ng,
unl ess t he cont r ar y appear s f r omt he cont ext .

46.

" Deat h" .

46. " Deat h" . - - The wor d " deat h" denot es t he deat h of a human bei ng
unl ess t he cont r ar y appear s f r omt he cont ext .

47.

" Ani mal " .

47. " Ani mal " . - - The wor d " ani mal " denot es any l i vi ng cr eat ur e,
ot her t han a human bei ng.

48.

" Vessel " .

48. " Vessel " . - - The wor d " vessel " denot es anyt hi ng made f or t he
conveyance by wat er of human bei ngs or of pr oper t y.

49.

" Year " .

" Mont h" .

49. " Year " . " Mont h" . - - Wher ever t he wor d " year " or t he wor d
" mont h" i s used, i t i s t o be under st ood t hat t he year or t he mont h i s
t o be r eckoned accor di ng t o t he Br i t i sh cal endar .

50.

" Sect i on" .

50. " Sect i on" . - - The wor d " sect i on" denot es one of t hose por t i ons
of a Chapt er of t hi s Code whi ch ar e di st i ngui shed by pr ef i xed numer al
f i gur es.

51.

" Oat h" .

51. " Oat h" . - - The wor d " oat h" i ncl udes a sol emn af f i r mat i on
subst i t ut ed by l aw f or an oat h, and any decl ar at i on r equi r ed or
aut hor i zed by l aw t o be made bef or e a publ i c ser vant or t o be used f or
t he pur pose of pr oof , whet her i n a Cour t of J ust i ce or not .

52.

" Good f ai t h" .

52. " Good f ai t h" . - - Not hi ng i s sai d t o be done or bel i eved i n
" good f ai t h" whi ch i s done or bel i eved wi t hout due car e and at t ent i on.

52A.

" Har bour " .

1*[ 52A. " Har bour " . - - Except i n sect i on 157, and i n sect i on 130
i n t he case i n whi ch t he har bour i s gi ven by t he wi f e or husband of
t he per son har bour ed, t he wor d " har bour " i ncl udes t he suppl yi ng a
per son wi t h shel t er , f ood, dr i nk, money, cl ot hes, ar ms, ammuni t i on or
means of conveyance, or t he assi st i ng a per son by any means, whet her
of t he same ki nd as t hose enumer at ed i n t hi s sect i on or not , t o evade
appr ehensi on. ]

CHAPTER I I I

OF PUNI SHMENTS

CHAPTER I I I

OF PUNI SHMENTS

53.

Puni shment s.

53. Puni shment s. - - The puni shment s t o whi ch of f ender s ar e l i abl e
under t he pr ovi si ons of t hi s Code ar e- -

Fi r st . - - Deat h;

2*[ Secondl y. - - I mpr i sonment f or l i f e; ]

3* * * * *

Four t hl y. - - I mpr i sonment , whi ch i s of t wo descr i pt i ons,
namel y: -

( 1) Ri gor ous, t hat i s wi t h har d l abour ;

( 2) Si mpl e;

Fi f t hl y. - - For f ei t ur e of pr oper t y;

Si xt hl y. - - Fi ne.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 8 of 1942. s. 2.

2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " Secondl y. - -
Tr anspor t at i on; " ( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .

3. " Thi r dl y, - Penal ser i t ude; " was r ep. by Act 17 of 1949, s. 2
( w. e. f . 6- 4- 1949) .

110

53A.

Const r uct i on of r ef er ence t o t r anspor t at i on.

1*[ 53A. Const r uct i on of r ef er ence t o t r anspor t at i on. - - ( 1)
Subj ect t o t he pr ovi si ons of sub- sect i on ( 2) and sub- sect i on ( 3) , any
r ef er ence t o " t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e" i n any ot her l aw f or t he t i me
bei ng i n f or ce or i n any i nst r ument or or der havi ng ef f ect by vi r t ue
of any such l aw or of any enact ment r epeal ed shal l be const r ued as a
r ef er ence t o " i mpr i sonment f or l i f e" .

( 2) I n ever y case i n whi ch a sent ence of t r anspor t at i on f or a
t er mhas been passed bef or e t he commencement of t he Code of Cr i mi nal
Pr ocedur e ( Amendment ) Act , 2*[ 1955] , ( 26 of 1955) , t he of f ender
shal l be deal t wi t h i n t he same manner as i f sent enced t o r i gor ous
i mpr i sonment f or t he same t er m.

( 3) Any r ef er ence t o t r anspor t at i on f or a t er m or t o
t r anspor t at i on f or any shor t er t er m( by what ever name cal l ed) i n any
ot her l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce shal l be deemed t o have been
omi t t ed.

( 4) Any r ef er ence t o " t r anspor t at i on" i n any ot her l aw f or t he
t i me bei ng i n f or ce shal l , -

( a) i f t he expr essi on means t r anspor t at i on f or l i f e, be
const r ued as a r ef er ence t o i mpr i sonment f or l i f e;

( b) i f t he expr essi on means t r anspor t at i on f or any shor t er
t er m, be deemed t o have been omi t t ed. ]

54.

Commut at i on of sent ence of deat h.

54. Commut at i on of sent ence of deat h. - - I n ever y case i n whi ch
sent ence of deat h shal l have been passed, 3*[ t he appr opr i at e
Gover nment ] may, wi t hout t he consent of t he of f ender , commut e t he
puni shment f or any ot her puni shment pr ovi ded by t hi s Code.

55.

Commut at i on of sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or l i f e.

55. Commut at i on of sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. - - I n ever y
case i n whi ch sent ence of 4*[ i mpr i sonment ] f or l i f e shal l have been
passed, 5[ t he appr opr i at e Gover nment ] may, wi t hout t he consent of t he
of f ender , commut e t he puni shment f or i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng f our t een year s.

55A.

Def i ni t i on of " appr opr i at e Gover nment " .

6*[ 55A. Def i ni t i on of " appr opr i at e Gover nment " . - - I n sect i ons
f i f t y- f our and f i f t y- f i ve t he expr essi on " appr opr i at e Gover nment "
means, -

( a) i n cases wher e t he sent ence i s a sent ence of deat h or i s
f or an of f ence agai nst any l aw r el at i ng t o a mat t er t o whi ch t he
execut i ve power of t he Uni on ext ends, t he Cent r al Gover nment ; and

( b) i n cases wher e t he sent ence ( whet her of deat h or not ) i s
f or an of f ence agai nst any l aw r el at i ng t o a mat t er t o whi ch t he
execut i ve power of t he St at e ext ends, t he Gover nment of t he St at e
wi t hi n whi ch t he of f ender i s sent enced. ]

56.

56. [ Sent ence of Eur opeans and Amer i cans t o penal ser vi t ude.
Pr ovi so as t o sent ence f or t er mexceedi ng t en year s but not f or l i f e. ]
Rep. by t he Cr i mi nal Law ( Removal of Raci al Di scr i mi nat i ons) Act , 1949
( 17 of 1949) ( w. e. f . 6- 4- 1949) .

57.

Fr act i ons of t er ms of puni shment .

57. Fr act i ons of t er ms of puni shment . - - I n cal cul at i ng f r act i ons
of t er ms of puni shment , 4[ i mpr i nsonment ] f or l i f e shal l be r eckoned as
equi val ent t o 4[ i mpr i sonment ] f or t went y year s.

58.

58. [ Of f ender s sent enced t o t r anspor t at i on how deal t wi t h unt i l
t r anspor t ed. ] Rep. by t he Code of Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e ( Amendment ) Act ,
1955 ( 26 of 1955) , s. 117 and Sch.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .

2. Subs. by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I , f or " 1954" .

3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he Cent r al Gover nment or t he
Pr ovi nci al Gover nment of t he Pr ovi nce wi t hi n whi ch t he of f ender
shal l have been sent enced" .

4. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on"
( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .

5. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he pr ovi nci al Gover nment of t he
Pr ovi nce wi t hi n whi ch t he of f ender shal l have been sent enced" .

6. Subs. , i bi d, f or s. 55A whi ch had been i ns. by t he A. O. 1937.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

111

59.

59. [ Tr anspor t at i on i nst ead of i mpr i sonment . ] Rep. by t he Code of
Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e ( Amendment ) Act , 1955 ( 26 of 1955) s. 117 and Sch. ,
( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .

60.

Sent ence may be ( i n cer t ai n cases of i mpr i sonment ) whol l y or par t l y
r i gor ous or si mpl e.

60. Sent ence may be ( i n cer t ai n cases of i mpr i sonment ) whol l y or
par t l y r i gor ous or si mpl e. - - I n ever y case i n whi ch an of f ender i s
puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may be of ei t her descr i pt i on, i t
shal l be compet ent t o t he Cour t whi ch sent ences such of f ender t o
di r ect i n t he sent ence t hat such i mpr i sonment shal l be whol l y
r i gor ous, or t hat such i mpr i sonment shal l be whol l y si mpl e or ] t hat
any par t of such i mpr i sonment shal l be r i gor ous and t he r est si mpl e.

61.

61. [ Sent ence of f or f ei t ur e of pr oper t y. ] Rep. by t he I ndi an
Penal Code ( Amendment ) Act , 1921 ( 16 of 1921) , s. 4.

62.

62. [ For f ei t ur e of pr oper t y, i n r espect of of f ender s puni shabl e
wi t h deat h, t r anspor t at i on or i mpr i sonment . ] Rep. , by s. 4 i bi d.

63.

Amount of f i ne.

63. Amount of f i ne. - - Wher e no sum i s expr essed t o whi ch a f i ne
may ext end, t he amount of f i ne t o whi ch t he of f ender i s l i abl e i s
unl i mi t ed, but shal l not be excessi ve.

64.

Sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne.

64. Sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne. - - 1*[ I n
ever y case of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment as wel l as f i ne,
i n whi ch t he of f ender i s sent enced t o a f i ne, whet her wi t h or wi t hout
i mpr i sonment ,

and i n ever y case of an of f ence puni shabl e 2*[ wi t h
i mpr i sonment or f i ne, or ] wi t h f i ne onl y, i n whi ch t he of f ender i s
sent enced t o a f i ne. ]

i t shal l be compet ent t o t he Cour t whi ch sent ences such of f ender
t o di r ect by t he sent ence t hat , i n def aul t of payment of t he f i ne, t he
of f ender shal l suf f er i mpr i sonment f or a cer t ai n t er m, whi ch
i mpr i sonment shal l be i n excess of any ot her i mpr i sonment t o whi ch he
may have been sent enced or t o whi ch he may be l i abl e under a
commut at i on of a sent ence.

65.

Li mi t t o i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne, when i mpr i sonment and
f i ne awar dabl e.

65. Li mi t t o i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne, when
i mpr i sonment and f i ne awar dabl e. - - The t er mf or whi ch t he Cour t di r ect s
t he of f ender t o be i mpr i soned i n def aul t of payment of a f i ne shal l
not exceed one- f our t h of t he t er mof i mpr i sonment whi ch i s t he maxi mum
f i xed f or t he of f ence, i f t he of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment
as wel l as f i ne.

66.

Descr i pt i on of i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne.

66. Descr i pt i on of i mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne. - - The
i mpr i sonment whi ch t he Cour t i mposes i n def aul t of payment of a f i ne
may be of any descr i pt i on t o whi ch t he of f ender mi ght have been
sent enced f or t he of f ence.

67.

I mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne, when of f ence puni shabl e wi t h
f i ne onl y.

67. I mpr i sonment f or non- payment of f i ne, when of f ence puni shabl e
wi t h f i ne onl y. - - I f t he of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h f i ne onl y,
3*[ t he i mpr i sonment whi ch t he Cour t i mposes i n def aul t of payment of
t he f i ne shal l be si mpl e, and] t he t er mf or whi ch t he Cour t di r ect s
t he of f ender t o be i mpr i soned, i n def aul t of payment of f i ne, shal l
not exceed t he f ol l owi ng scal e, t hat i s t o say, f or any t er m not
exceedi ng t wo mont hs when t he amount of t he f i ne shal l not exceed
f i f t y r upees, and f or any t er m not exceedi ng f our mont hs when t he
amount shal l not exceed one hundr ed r upees, and f or any t er m not
exceedi ng si x mont hs i n any ot her case.

68.

I mpr i sonment t o t er mi nat e on payment of f i ne.

68. I mpr i sonment t o t er mi nat e on payment of f i ne. - - The
i mpr i sonment whi ch i s i mposed i n def aul t of payment of a f i ne shal l
t er mi nat e whenever t hat f i ne i s ei t her pai d or l evi ed by pr ocess of
l aw.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 2, f or " i n ever y case i n whi ch an
of f ender i s sent enced t o a f i ne" .

2. I ns, by Act 10 of 1886, s. 21( 2) .

3. I ns by Act 8 of 1882, s. 3.

112

69.

Ter mi nat i on of i mpr i sonment on payment of pr opor t i onal par t of f i ne.

69. Ter mi nat i on of i mpr i sonment on payment of pr opor t i onal par t
of f i ne. - - I f , bef or e t he expi r at i on of t he t er mof i mpr i sonment f i xed
i n def aul t of payment , such a pr opor t i on of t he f i ne be pai d or l evi ed
t hat t he t er mof i mpr i sonment suf f er ed i n def aul t of payment i s not
l ess t han pr opor t i onal t o t he par t of t he f i ne st i l l unpai d, t he
i mpr i sonment shal l t er mi nat e.

I l l ust r at i on

A i s sent enced t o a f i ne of one hundr ed r upees and t o f our
mont hs' i mpr i sonment i n def aul t of payment . Her e, i f sevent y- f i ve
r upees of t he f i ne be pai d or l evi ed bef or e t he expi r at i on of one
mont h of t he i mpr i sonment . A wi l l be di schar ged as soon as t he f i r st
mont h has expi r ed. I f sevent y- f i ve r upees be pai d or l evi ed at t he
t i me of t he expi r at i on of t he f i r st mont h, or at any l at er t i me whi l e
A cont i nues i n i mpr i sonment . A wi l l be i mmedi at el y di schar ged. I f
f i f t y r upees of t he f i ne be pai d or l evi ed bef or e t he expi r at i on of
t wo mont hs of t he i mpr i sonment . A wi l l be di schar ged as soon as t he
t wo mont hs ar e compl et ed. I f f i f t y r upees be pai d or l evi ed at t he
t i me of t he expi r at i on of t hose t wo mont hs, or at any l at er t i me whi l e
A cont i nues i n i mpr i sonment , A wi l l be i mmedi at el y di schar ged.

70.

Fi ne l evi abl e wi t hi n si x year s, or dur i ng i mpr i sonment . Deat h not t o
di schar ge pr oper t y f r oml i abi l i t y.

70. Fi ne l evi abl e wi t hi n si x year s, or dur i ng i mpr i sonment . Deat h
not t o di schar ge pr oper t y f r oml i abi l i t y. - - The f i ne, or any par t
t her eof whi ch r emai ns unpai d, may be l evi ed at any t i me wi t hi n si x
year s af t er t he passi ng of t he sent ence, and i f , under t he sent ence,
t he of f ender be l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment f or a l onger per i od t han si x
year s, t hen at any t i me pr evi ous t o t he expi r at i on of t hat per i od; and
t he deat h of t he of f ender does not di schar ge f r omt he l i abi l i t y any
pr oper t y whi ch woul d, af t er hi s deat h, be l egal l y l i abl e f or hi s
debt s.

71.

Li mi t of puni shment of of f ence made up of sever al of f ences.

71. Li mi t of puni shment of of f ence made up of sever al of f ences. - -
Wher e anyt hi ng whi ch i s an of f ence i s made up of par t s, any of whi ch
par t s i s i t sel f an of f ence, t he of f ender shal l not be puni shed wi t h
t he puni shment of mor e t han one of such hi s of f ences, unl ess i t be so
expr essl y pr ovi ded.

1*[ Wher e anyt hi ng i s an of f ence f al l i ng wi t hi n t wo or mor e
separ at e def i ni t i ons of any l aw i n f or ce f or t he t i me bei ng by whi ch
of f ences ar e def i ned or puni shed, or

wher e sever al act s, of whi ch one or mor e t han one woul d by i t sel f
or t hemsel ves const i t ut e an of f ence, const i t ut e, when combi ned, a
di f f er ent of f ence,

t he of f ender shal l not be puni shed wi t h a mor e sever e puni shment
t han t he Cour t whi ch t r i es hi m coul d awar d f or any one of such
of f ences] .


( a) A gi ves Z f i f t y st r okes wi t h a st i ck. Her e A may have
commi t t ed t he of f ence of vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o Z by t he whol e
beat i ng, and al so by each of t he bl ows whi ch make up t he whol e
beat i ng. I f A wer e l i abl e t o puni shment f or ever y bl ow, he mi ght be
i mpr i soned f or f i f t y year s, one f or each bl ow. But he i s l i abl e onl y
t o one puni shment f or t he whol e beat i ng.

( b) But , i f , whi l e A i s beat i ng Z, Y i nt er f er es, and A
i nt ent i onal l y st r i kes Y, her e, as t he bl ow gi ven t o Y i s no par t of
t he act wher eby A vol unt ar i l y causes hur t t o Z, A i s l i abl e t o one
puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o Z, and t o anot her f or t he
bl ow gi ven t o Y.

72.

Puni shment of per son gui l t y of one of sever al of f ences, t he j udgment
st at i ng t hat i t i s doubt f ul of whi ch.

72. Puni shment of per son gui l t y of one of sever al of f ences, t he
j udgment st at i ng t hat i t i s doubt f ul of whi ch. - - I n al l cases i n whi ch
j udgment i s gi ven t hat a per son i s gui l t y of one of sever al of f ences
speci f i ed i n t he j udgment , but t hat i t i s doubt f ul of whi ch of t hese
of f ences he i s gui l t y, t he of f ender shal l be puni shed f or t he of f ence
f or whi ch t he l owest puni shment i s pr ovi ded i f t he same puni shment i s
not pr ovi ded f or al l .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns by Act 8 of 1882, s, 4.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

113

73.

Sol i t ar y conf i nement .

73. Sol i t ar y conf i nement . - - Whenever any per son i s convi ct ed of an
of f ence f or whi ch under t hi s Code t he Cour t has power t o sent ence hi m
t o r i gor ous i mpr i sonment , t he Cour t may, by i t s sent ence, or der t hat
t he of f ender shal l be kept i n sol i t ar y conf i nement f or any por t i on or
por t i ons of t he i mpr i sonment t o whi ch he i s sent enced, not exceedi ng
t hr ee mont hs i n t he whol e, accor di ng t o t he f ol l owi ng scal e, t hat i s
t o say- -

a t i me not exceedi ng one mont h i f t he t er mof i mpr i sonment shal l
not exceed si x mont hs:

a t i me not exceedi ng t wo mont hs i f t he t er mof i mpr i sonment shal l
exceed si x mont hs and 1*[ shal l not exceed one] year :

a t i me not exceedi ng t hr ee mont hs i f t he t er mof i mpr i sonment
shal l exceed one year .

74.

Li mi t of sol i t ar y conf i nement .

74. Li mi t of sol i t ar y conf i nement . - - I n execut i ng a sent ence of
sol i t ar y conf i nement , such conf i nement shal l i n no case exceed
f our t een days at a t i me, wi t h i nt er val s bet ween t he per i ods of
sol i t ar y conf i nement of not l ess dur at i on t han such per i ods; and when
t he i mpr i sonment awar ded shal l exceed t hr ee mont hs, t he sol i t ar y
conf i nement shal l not exceed seven days i n any one mont h of t he whol e
i mpr i sonment awar ded, wi t h i nt er val s bet ween t he per i ods of sol i t ar y
conf i nement of not l ess dur at i on t han such per i ods.

75.

Enhanced puni shment f or cer t ai n of f ence under Chapt er XI I or Chapt er
XVI I af t er pr evi ous convi ct i on.

2*[ 75. Enhanced puni shment f or cer t ai n of f ences under Chapt er
XI I or Chapt er XVI I af t er pr evi ous convi ct i on. - - Whoever , havi ng been
convi ct ed, -

( a) by a Cour t i n 3*[ I ndi a] , of an of f ence puni shabl e
under Chapt er XI I or Chapt er XVI I of t hi s Code wi t h i mpr i sonment
of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mof t hr ee year s or upwar ds, 4****

4* * * * *

shal l be gui l t y of any of f ence puni shabl e under ei t her of t hose
Chapt er s wi t h l i ke i mpr i sonment f or t he l i ke t er m, shal l be subj ect
f or ever y such subsequent of f ence t o 5*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or
t o i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
t en year s. ]

CHAPTER I V

GENERAL EXCEPTI ONS

CHAPTER I V

GENERAL EXCEPTI ONS

76.

Act done by a per son bound, or by mi st ake of f act bel i evi ng hi msel f
bound, by l aw. - -

76. Act done by a per son bound, or by mi st ake of f act bel i evi ng
hi msel f bound, by l aw. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a
per son who i s, or who by r eason of a mi st ake of f act and not by r eason
of a mi st ake of l aw i n good f ai t h bel i eves hi msel f t o be, bound by l aw
t o do i t .


( a) A, a sol di er , f i r es on a mob by t he or der of hi s super i or
of f i cer , i n conf or mi t y wi t h t he commands of t he l aw. A has commi t t ed
no of f ence.

( b) A, an of f i cer of a Cour t of J ust i ce, bei ng or der ed by t hat
Cour t t o ar r est Y, and af t er due enqui r y, bel i evi ng Z t o be Y, ar r est s
Z. A has commi t t ed no of f ence.

77.

Act of J udge when act i ng j udi ci al l y.

77. Act of J udge when act i ng j udi ci al l y. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence
whi ch i s done by a J udge when act i ng j udi ci al l y i n t he exer ci se of any
power whi ch i s, or whi ch i n good f ai t h he bel i eves t o be, gi ven t o hi m
by l aw.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 5, f or " be l ess t han a" .



4. The wor d " or " at t he end of cl . ( a) and cl . ( b) wer e omi t t ed by
s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d.

5. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or
l i f e" ( w. e. f . 1- 1- 1956) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

114

78.

Act done pur suant t o t he j udgment or or der of Cour t .

78. Act done pur suant t o t he j udgment or or der of Cour t . - - Not hi ng
whi ch i s done i n pur suance of , or whi ch i s war r ant ed by t he j udgment
or or der of , a Cour t of J ust i ce, i f done whi l st such j udgment or or der
r emai ns i n f or ce, i s an of f ence, not wi t hst andi ng t he Cour t may have
had no j ur i sdi ct i on t o pass such j udgment or or der , pr ovi ded t he
per son doi ng t he act i n good f ai t h bel i eves t hat t he Cour t had such
j ur i sdi ct i on.

79.

Act done by a per son j ust i f i ed, or by mi st ake of f act bel i evi ng
hi msel f , j ust i f i ed, by l aw.

79. Act done by a per son j ust i f i ed, or by mi st ake of f act
bel i evi ng hi msel f , j ust i f i ed, by l aw. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s
done by any per son who i s j ust i f i ed by l aw, or who by r eason of a
mi st ake of f act and not by r eason of a mi st ake of l aw i n good f ai t h,
bel i eves hi msel f t o be j ust i f i ed by l aw, i n doi ng i t .

I l l ust r at i on

A sees Z commi t what appear s t o A t o be a mur der . A, i n t he
exer ci se, t o t he best of hi s j udgment exer t ed i n good f ai t h, of t he
power whi ch t he l aw gi ves t o al l per sons of appr ehendi ng mur der er s i n
t he f act , sei zes Z, i n or der t o br i ng Z bef or e t he pr oper aut hor i t i es.
A has commi t t ed no of f ence, t hough i t may t ur n out t hat Z was act i ng
i n sel f - def ence.

80.

Acci dent i n doi ng a l awf ul act .

80. Acci dent i n doi ng a l awf ul act . - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch
i s done by acci dent or mi sf or t une, and wi t hout any cr i mi nal i nt ent i on
or knowl edge i n t he doi ng of a l awf ul act i n a l awf ul manner by l awf ul
means and wi t h pr oper car e and caut i on.

I l l ust r at i on

A i s at wor k wi t h a hat chet ; t he head f l i es of f and ki l l s a man
who i s st andi ng by. Her e, i f t her e was no want of pr oper caut i on on
t he par t of A, hi s act i s excusabl e and not an of f ence.

81.

Act l i kel y t o cause har m, but done wi t hout cr i mi nal i nt ent , and t o
pr event ot her har m.

81. Act l i kel y t o cause har m, but done wi t hout cr i mi nal i nt ent ,
and t o pr event ot her har m. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence mer el y by r eason of
i t s bei ng done wi t h t he knowl edge t hat i t i s l i kel y t o cause har m, i f
i t be done wi t hout any cr i mi nal i nt ent i on t o cause har m, and i n good
f ai t h f or t he pur pose of pr event i ng or avoi di ng ot her har mt o per son
or pr oper t y.

Expl anat i on. - I t i s a quest i on of f act i n such a case whet her t he
har mt o be pr event ed or avoi ded was of such a nat ur e and so i mmi nent
as t o j ust i f y or excuse t he r i sk of doi ng t he act wi t h t he knowl edge
t hat i t was l i kel y t o cause har m.


( a) A, t he capt ai n of a st eamvessel , suddenl y and wi t hout any
f aul t or negl i gence on hi s par t , f i nds hi msel f i n such a posi t i on
t hat , bef or e he can st op hi s vessel , he must i nevi t abl y r un down a
boat B, wi t h t went y or t hi r t y passenger s on boar d, unl ess he changes
t he cour se of hi s vessel , and t hat , by changi ng hi s cour se, he must
i ncur r i sk of r unni ng down a boat C wi t h onl y t wo passenger s on boar d,
whi ch he may possi bl y cl ear . Her e, i f A al t er s hi s cour se wi t hout any
i nt ent i on t o r un down t he boat C and i n good f ai t h f or t he pur pose of
avoi di ng t he danger t o t he passenger s i n t he boat B, he i s not gui l t y
of an of f ence, t hough he may r un down t he boat C by doi ng an whi ch he
knew was l i kel y t o cause t hat ef f ect , i f i t be f ound as a mat t er of
f act t hat t he danger whi ch he i nt ended t o avoi d was such as t o excuse
hi mi n i ncur r i ng t he r i sk of r unni ng down C.

( b) A, i n a gr eat f i r e, pul l s down houses i n or der t o pr event t he
conf l agr at i on f r om spr eadi ng. He does t hi s wi t h t he i nt ent i on i n good
f ai t h of savi ng human l i f e or pr oper t y. Her e, i f i t be f ound t hat t he
har mt o be pr event ed was of such a nat ur e and so i mmi nent as t o excuse
A' s act , A i s not gui l t y of t he of f ence.

115

82.

Act of a chi l d under seven year s of age.

82. Act of a chi l d under seven year s of age. - - Not hi ng i s an
of f ence whi ch i s done by a chi l d under seven year s of age.

83.

Act of a chi l d above seven and under t wel ve of i mmat ur e
under st andi ng.

83. Act of a chi l d above seven and under t wel ve of i mmat ur e
under st andi ng. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a chi l d above
seven year s of age and under t wel ve, who has not at t ai ned suf f i ci ent
mat ur i t y of under st andi ng t o j udge of t he nat ur e and consequences of
hi s conduct on t hat occasi on.

84.

Act of a per son of unsound mi nd.

84. Act of a per son of unsound mi nd. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch
i s done by a per son who, at t he t i me of doi ng i t , by r eason of
unsoundness of mi nd, i s i ncapabl e of knowi ng t he nat ur e of t he act , or
t hat he i s doi ng what i s ei t her wr ong or cont r ar y t o l aw.

85.

Act of a per son i ncapabl e of j udgment by r eason of i nt oxi cat i on caused
agai nst hi s wi l l .

85. Act of a per son i ncapabl e of j udgment by r eason of
i nt oxi cat i on caused agai nst hi s wi l l . - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch i s
done by a per son who, at t he t i me of doi ng i t , i s, by r eason of
i nt oxi cat i on, i ncapabl e of knowi ng t he nat ur e of t he act , or t hat he
i s doi ng what i s ei t her wr ong, or cont r ar y t o l aw: pr ovi ded t hat t he
t hi ng whi ch i nt oxi cat ed hi m was admi ni st er ed t o hi m wi t hout hi s
knowl edge or agai nst hi s wi l l .

86.

Of f ence r equi r i ng a par t i cul ar i nt ent or knowl edge commi t t ed by one
who i s i nt oxi cat ed.

86. Of f ence r equi r i ng a par t i cul ar i nt ent or knowl edge commi t t ed
by one who i s i nt oxi cat ed. - - I n cases wher e an act done i s not an
of f ence unl ess done wi t h a par t i cul ar knowl edge or i nt ent , a per son
who does t he act i n a st at e of i nt oxi cat i on shal l be l i abl e t o be
deal t wi t h as i f he had t he same knowl edge as he woul d have had i f he
had not been i nt oxi cat ed, unl ess t he t hi ng whi ch i nt oxi cat ed hi mwas
admi ni st er ed t o hi mwi t hout hi s knowl edge or agai nst hi s wi l l .

87.

Act not i nt ended and not known t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h or gr i evous
hur t , done by consent .

87. Act not i nt ended and not known t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h or
gr i evous hur t , done by consent . - - Not hi ng whi ch i s not i nt ended t o
cause deat h, or gr i evous hur t , and whi ch i s not known by t he doer t o
be l i kel y t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , i s an of f ence by r eason of
any har m whi ch i t may cause, or be i nt ended by t he doer t o cause, t o
any per son, above ei ght een year s of age, who has gi ven consent ,
whet her expr ess or i mpl i ed, t o suf f er t hat har m; or by r eason of any
har mwhi ch i t may be known by t he doer t o be l i kel y t o cause t o any
such per son who has consent ed t o t ake t he r i sk of t hat har m.

I l l ust r at i on

A and Z agr ee t o f ence wi t h each ot her f or amusement . Thi s
agr eement i mpl i es t he consent of each t o suf f er any har mwhi ch, i n t he
cour se of such f enci ng, may be caused wi t hout f oul pl ay; and i f A,
whi l e pl ayi ng f ai r l y, hur t s Z, A commi t s no of f ence.

88.

Act not i nt ended t o cause deat h, done by consent i n good f ai t h f or
per son' s benef i t .

88. Act not i nt ended t o cause deat h, done by consent i n good
f ai t h f or per son' s benef i t . - - Not hi ng, whi ch i s not i nt ent ed t o cause
deat h, i s an of f ence by r eason of any har mwhi ch i t may cause, or be
i nt ended by t he doer t o cause, or be known by t he doer t o be l i kel y t o
cause, t o any per son f or whose benef i t i t i s done i n good f ai t h, and
who has gi ven a consent , whet her expr ess or i mpl i ed t o suf f er t hat
har m, or t o t ake t he r i sk of t hat har m.

I l l ust r at i on

A, a sur geon, knowi ng t hat a par t i cul ar oper at i on i s l i kel y t o
cause t he deat h of Z, who suf f er s under t he pai nf ul compl ai nt , but not
i nt endi ng t o cause Z' s deat h, and i nt endi ng, i n good f ai t h, Z' s
benef i t , per f or ms t hat oper at i on on Z, wi t h Z' s consent . A has
commi t t ed no of f ence.

89.

Act done i n good f ai t h f or benef i t of chi l d or i nsane per son, by or by
consent of guar di an.

89. Act done i n good f ai t h f or benef i t of chi l d or i nsane per son,
by or by consent of guar di an. - - Not hi ng whi ch i s done i n good f ai t h f or
t he benef i t of a per son under t wel ve year s of age, or of unsound mi nd,
by or by consent , ei t her expr ess or i mpl i ed, of t he guar di an or ot her
per son havi ng l awf ul char ge of t hat per son, i s an of f ence by r eason of
any har mwhi ch i t may cause, or be i nt ended by t he doer t o cause or be
known by t he doer t o be l i kel y t o cause t o t hat per son: Pr ovi ded-

116

Pr ovi sos.

Pr ovi sos. - Fi r st . - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he
i nt ent i onal causi ng of deat h, or t o t he at t empt i ng t o cause
deat h;

Secondl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he doi ng
of anyt hi ng whi ch t he per son doi ng i t knows t o be l i kel y t o cause
deat h, f or any pur pose ot her t han t he pr event i ng of deat h or
gr i evous hur t , or t he cur i ng of any gr i evous di sease or
i nf i r mi t y;

Thi r dl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he
vol unt ar y causi ng of gr i evous hur t , or t o t he at t empt i ng t o cause
gr i evous hur t , unl ess i t be f or t he pur pose of pr event i ng deat h
or gr i evous hur t , or t he cur i ng of any gr i evous di sease or
i nf i r mi t y;

Four t hl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he
abet ment of any of f ence, t o t he commi t t i ng of whi ch of f ence i t
woul d not ext end.

I l l ust r at i on

A, i n good f ai t h, f or hi s chi l d' s benef i t wi t hout hi s chi l d' s
consent , has hi s chi l d cut f or t he st one by a sur geon knowi ng i t t o be
l i kel y t hat t he oper at i on wi l l cause t he chi l d' s deat h, but not
i nt endi ng t o cause t he chi l d' s deat h. A i s wi t hi n t he except i on, i n as
much as hi s obj ect was t he cur e of t he chi l d.

90.

Consent known t o be gi ven under f ear or mi sconcept i on.

90. Consent known t o be gi ven under f ear or mi sconcept i on. - - A
consent i s not such a consent as i s i nt ended by any sect i on of t hi s
Code, i f t he consent i s gi ven by a per son under f ear of i nj ur y, or
under a mi sconcept i on of f act , and i f t he per son doi ng t he act knows,
or has r eason t o bel i eve, t hat t he consent was gi ven i n consequence of
such f ear or mi sconcept i on; or

Consent of i nsane per son.

Consent of i nsane per son. - i f t he consent i s gi ven by a per son
who, f r om unsoundness of mi nd, or i nt oxi cat i on, i s unabl e t o
under st and t he nat ur e and consequence of t hat t o whi ch he gi ves hi s
consent ; or

Consent of chi l d.

Consent of chi l d. - unl ess t he cont r ar y appear s f r omt he cont ext , i f
t he consent i s gi ven by a per son who i s under t wel ve year s of age.

91.

Excl usi on of act s whi ch ar e of f ences i ndependent l y of har mcause.

91. Excl usi on of act s whi ch ar e of f ences i ndependent l y of har m
cause. - - The except i ons i n sect i ons 87, 88 and 89 do not ext end t o act s
whi ch ar e of f ences i ndependent l y of any har mwhi ch t hey may cause, or
be i nt ended t o cause, or be known t o be l i kel y t o cause, t o t he per son
gi vi ng t he consent , or on whose behal f t he consent i s gi ven.

I l l ust r at i on

Causi ng mi scar r i age ( unl ess caused i n good f ai t h f or t he pur pose
of savi ng t he l i f e of t he woman) i s of f ence i nexpedi ent l y of any har m
whi ch i t may cause or be i nt ended t o cause t o t he woman. Ther ef or e, i t
i s not an of f ence " by r eason of such har m" ; and t he consent of t he
woman or of her guar di an t o t he causi ng of such mi scar r i age does not
j ust i f y t he act .

92.

Act done i n good f ai t h f or benef i t of a per son wi t hout consent .

92. Act done i n good f ai t h f or benef i t of a per son wi t hout
consent . - Not hi ng i s an of f ence by r eason of any har mwhi ch i t may
causes t o a per son f or whose benef i t i t i s done i n good f ai t h, even
wi t hout t hat per son' s consent , i f t he ci r cumst ances ar e such t hat i t
i s i mpossi bl e f or t hat per son t o si gni f y consent , or i f t hat per son i s
i ncapabl e of gi vi ng consent , and has no guar di an or ot her per son i n
l awf ul char ge of hi mf r omwhomi t i s possi bl e t o obt ai n consent i n
t i me f or t he t hi ng t o be done wi t h benef i t : Pr ovi ded-

Pr ovi sos.

117

Pr ovi sos. - Fi r st . - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he
i nt ent i onal causi ng of deat h or t he at t empt i ng t o cause deat h;

Secondl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he doi ng
of anyt hi ng whi ch t he per son doi ng i t knows t o be l i kel y t o cause
deat h, f or any pur pose ot her t han t he pr event i ng of deat h or
gr i evous hur t , or t he cur i ng of any gr i evous di sease or
i nf i r mi t y;

Thi r dl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he
vol unt ar y causi ng of hur t , or t o t he at t empt i ng t o cause hur t ,
f or any pur pose ot her t han t he pr event i ng of deat h or hur t ;

Four t hl y. - That t hi s except i on shal l not ext end t o t he
abet ment of any of f ence, t o t he commi t t i ng of whi ch of f ence i t
woul d not ext end.


( a) Z i s t hr own f r omhi s hor se, and i s i nsensi bl e. A, a sur geon,
f i nds t hat Z r equi r es t o be t r epanned. A, not i nt endi ng Z' s deat h, but
i n good f ai t h, f or Z' s benef i t , per f or ms t he t r epan bef or e Z r ecover s
hi s power of j udgi ng f or hi msel f . A has commi t t ed no of f ence.

( b) Z i s car r i ed of f by a t i ger . A f i r es at t he t i ger knowi ng i t
t o be l i kel y t hat t he shot may ki l l Z, but not i nt endi ng t o ki l l Z,
and i n good f ai t h i nt endi ng Z' s benef i t . A' s bal l gi ves Z a mor t al
wound. A has commi t t ed no of f ence.

( c) A, a sur geon, sees a chi l d suf f er an acci dent whi ch i s l i kel y
t o pr ove f at al unl ess an oper at i on be i mmedi at el y per f or med. Ther e i s
not t i me t o appl y t o t he chi l d' s guar di an. A per f or ms t he oper at i on i n
spi t e of t he ent r eat i es of t he chi l d, i nt endi ng, i n good f ai t h, t he
chi l d' s benef i t . A has commi t t ed no of f ence.

( d) A i s i n a house whi ch i s on f i r e, wi t h Z, a chi l d. Peopl e
bel ow hol d out a bl anket . A dr ops t he chi l d, f r om t he house- t op,
knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he f al l may ki l l t he chi l d, but not
i nt endi ng t o ki l l t he chi l d, and i nt endi ng, i n good f ai t h, t he chi l d' s
benef i t . Her e, even i f t he chi l d i s ki l l ed by t he f al l , A has
commi t t ed no of f ence.

Expl anat i on. - Mer e pecuni ar y benef i t i s not benef i t wi t hi n t he
meani ng of sect i ons 88 89 and 92.

93.

Communi cat i on made i n good f ai t h.

93. Communi cat i on made i n good f ai t h. - - No communi cat i on made i n
good f ai t h i s an of f ence by r eason of any har mt o t he per son t o whom
i t i s made, i f i t i s made f or t he benef i t of t hat per son.

I l l ust r at i on

A, a sur geon, i n good f ai t h, communi cat es t o a pat i ent hi s
opi ni on t hat he cannot l i ve. The pat i ent di es i n consequence of t he
shock. A has commi t t ed no of f ence, t hough he knew i t t o be l i kel y t hat
t he communi cat i on mi ght cause t he pat i ent ' s deat h.

94.

Act t o whi ch a per son i s compel l ed by t hr eat s.

94. Act t o whi ch a per son i s compel l ed by t hr eat s. - - Except
mur der , and of f ences agai nst t he St at e puni shabl e wi t h deat h, not hi ng
i s an of f ence whi ch i s done by a per son who i s compel l ed t o do i t by
t hr eat s, whi ch, at t he t i me of doi ng i t , r easonnabl y cause t he
appr ehensi on t hat i nst ant deat h t o t hat per son wi l l ot her wi se be t he
consequence: Pr ovi ded t he per son doi ng t he act di d not of hi s own
accor d, or f r oma r easonabl e appr ehensi on of har mt o hi msel f shor t of
i nst ant deat h, pl ace hi msel f i n t he si t uat i on by whi ch he became
subj ect t o such const r ai nt .

Expl anat i on 1. - A per son who, of hi s own accor d, or by r eason of a
t hr eat of bei ng beat en, j oi ns a gang of dacoi t s, knowi ng t hei r
char act er , i s not ent i t l ed t o t he benef i t of t hi s except i on, on t he
gr ound of hi s havi ng been compel l ed by hi s associ at es t o do anyt hi ng
t hat i s an of f ence by l aw.

118

Expl ant i on 2. - A per son sei zed by a gang of dacoi t s, and f or ced,
by t hr eat of i nst ant deat h, t o do a t hi ng whi ch i s an of f ence by l aw;
f or exampl e, a smi t h compel l ed t o t ake hi s t ool s and t o f or ce t he door
of a house f or t he dacoi t s t o ent er and pl under i t , i s ent i t l ed t o t he
benef i t of t hi s except i on.

95.

Act causi ng sl i ght har m.

95. Act causi ng sl i ght har m. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence by r eason
t hat i t causes, or t hat i t i s i nt ended t o cause, or t hat i t i s known
t o be l i kel y t o cause, any har m, i f t hat har mi s so sl i ght t hat no
per son of or di nar y sense and t emper woul d compl ai n of such har m.

Of t he Ri ght of Pr i vat e Def ence

96.

Thi ngs done i n pr i vat e def ence.

96. Thi ngs done i n pr i vat e def ence. - - Not hi ng i s an of f ence whi ch
i s done i n t he exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.

97.

Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body and of pr oper t y.

97. Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body and of pr oper t y. - - Ever y
per son has a r i ght , subj ect t o t he r est r i ct i ons cont ai ned i n sect i on
99, t o def end-

Fi r st . - - Hi s own body, and t he body of any ot her per son,
agai nst any of f ence af f ect i ng t he human body;

Secondl y. - - The pr oper t y, whet her movabl e or i mmovabl e, of
hi msel f or of any ot her per son, agai nst any act whi ch i s an
of f ence f al l i ng under t he def i nt i on of t hef t , r obber y, mi schi ef
or cr i mi nal t r espass, or whi ch i s an at t empt t o commi t t hef t ,
r obber y, mi schi ef or cr i mi nal t r espass.

98.

Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst t he act of a per son of unsound mi nd,
et c.

98. Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst t he act of a per son of
unsound mi nd, et c. - - When an act whi ch woul d ot her wi se be a cer t ai n
of f ence, i s not t hat of f ence, by r eason of t he yout h, t he want of
mat ur i t y of under st andi ng, t he unsoundness of mi nd or t he i nt oxi cat i on
of t he per son doi ng t hat act , or by r eason of any mi sconcept i on on t he
par t of t hat per son, ever y per son has t he same r i ght of pr i vat e
def ence agai nst t hat act whi ch he woul d have i f t he act wer e t hat
of f ence.


( a) Z, under t he i nf l uence of madness, at t empt s t o ki l l A; Z i s
gui l t y of no of f ence. But A has t he same r i ght of pr i vat e def ence
whi ch he woul d have i f Z wer e sane.

( b) A ent er s by ni ght a house whi ch he i s l egal l y ent i t l ed t o
ent er . Z, i n good f ai t h, t aki ng A f or a house- br eaker , at t acks A. Her e
Z, by at t acki ng A under t hi s mi sconcept i on, commi t s no of f ence. But A
has t he same r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst Z, whi ch he woul d have
i f Z wer e not act i ng under t hat mi sconcept i on.

99.

Act s agai nst whi ch t her e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.

99. Act s agai nst whi ch t her e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence. - -
Ther e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst an act whi ch does not
r easonabl y cause t he appr ehensi on of deat h or of gr i evous hur t , i f
done, or at t empt ed t o be done, by a publ i c ser vant act i ng i n good
f ai t h under col our of hi s of f i ce, t hough t hat act may not be st r i ct l y
j ust i f i abl e by l aw.

Ther e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst an act whi ch does
not r easonabl y cause t he appr ehensi on of deat h or of gr i evous hur t , i f
done, or at t empt ed t o be done, by t he di r ect i on of a publ i c ser vant
act i ng i n good f ai t h under col our of hi s of f i ce t hough t hat di r ect i on
may not be st r i ct l y j ust i f i abl e by l aw.

Ther e i s no r i ght of pr i vat e def ence i n cases i n whi ch t her e i s
t i me t o have r ecour se t o pr ot ect i on of t he publ i c aut hor i t i es.

Ext ent t o whi ch t he r i ght may be exer ci sed.

Ext ent t o whi ch t he r i ght may be exer ci sed. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e
def ence i n no case ext ends t o t he i nf l i ct i ng of mor e har mt han i t i s
necessar y t o i nf l i ct f or t he pur pose of def ence.

119

Expl anat i on 1. - A per son i s not depr i ved of t he r i ght of pr i vat e
def ence agai nst an act done, or at t empt ed t o be done, by a publ i c
ser vant , as such, unl ess he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve, t hat t he
per son doi ng t he act i s such publ i c ser vant .

Expl anat i on 2. - A per son i s not depr i ved of t he r i ght of pr i vat e
def ence agai nst an act done, or at t empt ed t o be done, by t he di r ect i on
of a publ i c ser vant , unl ess he knows, or has r eason t o bel i eve, t hat
t he per son doi ng t he act i s act i ng by such di r ect i on, or unl ess such
per son st at es t he aut hor i t y under whi ch he act s, or i f he has
aut hor i t y i n wr i t i ng, unl ess he pr oduces such aut hor i t y, i f demanded.

100.

When t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body ext ends t o causi ng
deat h.

100. When t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body ext ends t o
causi ng deat h. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body ext ends,
under t he r est r i ct i ons ment i oned i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on, t o t he
vol unt ar y causi ng of deat h or of any ot her har mt o t he assai l ant , i f
t he of f ence whi ch occasi ons t he exer ci se of t he r i ght be of any of t he
descr i pt i ons her ei naf t er enumer at ed, namel y: -

Fi r st . - Such an assaul t as may r easonabl y cause t he
appr ehensi on t hat deat h wi l l ot her wi se be t he consequence of such
assaul t ;

Secondl y. - Such an assaul t as may r easonabl y cause t he
appr ehensi on t hat gr i evous hur t wi l l ot her wi se be t he consequence
of such assaul t ;

Thi r dl y. - An assaul t wi t h t he i nt ent i on of commi t t i ng r ape;

Four t hl y. - An assaul t wi t h t he i nt ent i on of gr at i f yi ng
unnat ur al l ust ;

Fi f t hl y. - An assaul t wi t h t he i nt ent i on of ki dnappi ng or
abduct i ng;

Si xt hl y. - An assaul t wi t h t he i nt ent i on of wr ongf ul l y
conf i ni ng a per son, under ci r cumst ances whi ch may r easonabl y
cause hi mt o appr ehend t hat he wi l l be unabl e t o have r ecour se t o
t he publ i c aut hor i t i es f or hi s r el ease.

101.

When such r i ght ext ends t o causi ng any har mot her t han deat h.

101. When such r i ght ext ends t o causi ng any har m ot her t han
deat h. - - I f t he of f ence be not of any of t he descr i pt i ons enumer at ed i n
t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on, t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body
does not ext end t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng of deat h t o t he assai l ant ,
but does ext end, under t he r est r i ct i ons ment i oned i n sect i on 99, t o
t he vol unt ar y causi ng t o t he assai l ant of any har mot her t han deat h.

102.

Commencement and cont i nuance of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he
body.

102. Commencement and cont i nuance of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence
of t he body. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of t he body commences as
soon as a r easonabl e appr ehensi on of danger t o t he body ar i ses f r oman
at t empt or t hr eat t o commi t t he of f ence t hough t he of f ence may not
have been commi t t ed; and i t cont i nues as l ong as such appr ehensi on of
danger t o t he body cont i nues.

103.

When t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y ext ends t o causi ng
deat h.

103. When t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y ext ends t o
causi ng deat h. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y ext ends,
under t he r est r i ct i ons ment i oned i n sect i on 99, t o t he vol unt ar y
causi ng of deat h or of any ot her har m t o t he wr ong- doer , i f t he
of f ence, t he commi t t i ng of whi ch, or t he at t empt i ng t o commi t whi ch,
occasi ons t he exer ci se of t he r i ght , be an of f ence of any of t he
descr i pt i ons her ei naf t er enumer at ed, namel y: -

Fi r st . - Robber y;

Secondl y. - House- br eaki ng by ni ght ;

Thi r dl y. - Mi schi ef by f i r e commi t t ed on any bui l di ng, t ent or
vessel , whi ch bui l di ng, t ent or vessel i s used as a human
dwel l i ng, or as a pl ace f or t he cust ody of pr oper t y;

Four t hl y. - Thef t , mi schi ef , or house- t r espass, under such
ci r cumst ances as may r easonabl y cause appr ehensi on t hat deat h or
gr i evous hur t wi l l be t he consequence, i f such r i ght of pr i vat e
def ence i s not exer ci sed.

120

104.

When such r i ght t o causi ng any har mot her t han deat h.

104. When such r i ght t o causi ng any har mot her t han deat h. - - I f
t he of f ence, t he commi t t i ng of whi ch, or t he at t empt i ng t o commi t
whi ch occasi ons t he exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence, be
t hef t , mi schi ef , or cr i mi nal t r espass, not of any of t he descr i pt i ons
enumer at ed i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on, t hat r i ght does not ext end
t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng of deat h, but does ext end, subj ect t o t he
r est r i ct i ons ment i oned i n sect i on 99, t o t he vol unt ar y causi ng t o t he
wr ong- doer of any har mot her t han deat h.

105.

Commencement and cont i nuance of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of
pr oper t y.

105. Commencement and cont i nuance of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence
of pr oper t y. - - The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y commences when
a r easonabl e appr ehensi on of danger t o t he pr oper t y commences.

The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y agai nst t hef t cont i nues
t i l l t he of f ender has ef f ect ed hi s r et r eat wi t h t he pr oper t y or ei t her
t he assi st ance of t he publ i c aut hor i t i es i s obt ai ned, or t he pr oper t y
has been r ecover ed.

The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y agai nst r obber y
cont i nues as l ong as t he of f ender causes or at t empt s t o cause t o any
per son deat h or hur t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt or as l ong as t he f ear of
i nst ant deat h or of i nst ant hur t or of i nst ant per sonal r est r ai nt
cont i nues.

The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y agai nst cr i mi nal
t r espass or mi schi ef cont i nues as l ong as t he of f ender cont i nues i n
t he commi ssi on of cr i mi nal t r espass or mi schi ef .

The r i ght of pr i vat e def ence of pr oper t y agai nst house- br eaki ng
by ni ght cont i nues as l ong as t he house- t r espass whi ch has been begun
by such house- br eaki ng cont i nues.

106.

Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst deadl y assaul t when t her e i s r i sk of
har mt o i nnocent per son.

106. Ri ght of pr i vat e def ence agai nst deadl y assaul t when t her e
i s r i sk of har m t o i nnocent per son. - - I f i n t he exer ci se of t he r i ght
of pr i vat e def ence agai nst an assaul t whi ch r easonabl y causes t he
appr ehensi on of deat h, t he def ender be so si t uat ed t hat he cannot
ef f ect ual l y exer ci se t hat r i ght wi t hout r i sk of har mt o an i nnocent
per son, hi s r i ght of pr i vat e def ence ext ends t o t he r unni ng of t hat
r i sk.

I l l ust r at i on

A i s at t acked by a mob who at t empt t o mur der hi m. He cannot
ef f ect ual l y exer ci se hi s r i ght of pr i vat e def ence wi t hout f i r i ng on
t he mob, and he cannot f i r e wi t hout r i sk of har mi ng young chi l dr en who
ar e mi ngl ed wi t h t he mob. A commi t s no of f ence i f by so f i r i ng he
har ms any of t he chi l dr en.

CHAPTER V

OF ABETMENT

CHAPTER V

OF ABETMENT

107.

Abet ment of a t hi ng.

107. Abet ment of a t hi ng. - - A per son abet s t he doi ng of a t hi ng,
who-

Fi r st . - I nst i gat es any per son t o do t hat t hi ng; or

Secondl y. - Engages wi t h one or mor e ot her per son or per sons
i n any conspi r acy f or t he doi ng of t hat t hi ng, i f an act or
i l l egal omi ssi on t akes pl ace i n pur suance of t hat conspi r acy, and
i n or der t o t he doi ng of t hat t hi ng; or

Thi r dl y. - I nt ent i onal l y ai ds, by any act or i l l egal omi ssi on,
t he doi ng of t hat t hi ng.

Expl anat i on 1. - A per son who, by wi l f ul mi sr epr esent at i on, or by
wi l f ul conceal ment of a mat er i al f act whi ch he i s bound t o di scl ose,
vol unt ar i l y causes or pr ocur es, or at t empt s t o cause or pr ocur e, a
t hi ng t o be done, i s sai d t o i nst i gat e t he doi ng of t hat t hi ng.

I l l ust r at i on

A, a publ i c of f i cer , i s aut hor i zed by a war r ant f r oma Cour t of
J ust i ce t o appr ehend Z, B, knowi ng t hat f act and al so t hat C i s not Z,
wi l f ul l y r epr esent s t o A t hat C i s Z, and t her eby i nt ent i onal l y causes
A t o appr ehend C. Her e B abet s by i nst i gat i on t he appr ehensi on of C.

121

Expl anat i on 2. - Whoever , ei t her pr i or t o or at t he t i me of t he
commi ssi on of an act , does anyt hi ng i n or der t o f aci l i t at e t he
commi ssi on of t hat act , and t her eby f aci l i t at es t he commi ssi on
t her eof , i s sai d t o ai d t he doi ng of t hat act .

108.

Abet t or .

108. Abet t or . - - A per son abet s an of f ence, who abet s ei t her t he
commi ssi on of an of f ence, or t he commi ssi on of an act whi ch woul d be
an of f ence, i f commi t t ed by a per son capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an
of f ence wi t h t he same i nt ent i on or knowl edge as t hat of t he abet t or .

Expl anat i on 1. - The abet ment of t he i l l egal omi ssi on of an act may
amount t o an of f ence al t hough t he abet t or may not hi msel f be bound t o
do t hat act .

Expl anat i on 2. - To const i t ut e t he of f ence of abet ment i t i s not
necessar y t hat t he act abet t ed shoul d be commi t t ed, or t hat t he ef f ect
r equi si t e t o const i t ut e t he of f ence shoul d be caused.


( a) A i nst i gat es B t o mur der C. B r ef uses t o do so. A i s gui l t y
of abet t i ng B t o commi t mur der .

( b) A i nst i gat es B t o mur der D. B i n pur suance of t he i nst i gat i on
st abs D. D r ecover s f r omt he wound. A i s gui l t y of i nst i gat i ng B t o
commi t mur der .

Expl anat i on 3. - I t i s not necessar y t hat t he per son abet t ed shoul d
be capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an of f ence, or t hat he shoul d have t he
same gui l t y i nt ent i on or knowl edge as t hat of t he abet t or , or any
gui l t y i nt ent i on or knowl edge.


( a) A, wi t h a gui l t y i nt ent i on, abet s a chi l d or a l unat i c t o
commi t an act whi ch woul d be an of f ence, i f commi t t ed by a per son
capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an of f ence, and havi ng t he same i nt ent i on
as A. Her e A, whet her t he act be commi t t ed or not , i s gui l t y of
abet t i ng an of f ence.

( b) A, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of mur der i ng Z, i nst i gat es B, a chi l d
under seven year s of age, t o do an act whi ch causes Z' s deat h. B, i n
consequence of t he abet ment , does t he act i n t he absence of A and
t her eby causes Z' s deat h. Her e, t hough B was not capabl e by l aw of
commi t t i ng an of f ence, A i s l i abl e t o be puni shed i n t he same manner
as i f B had been capabl e by l aw of commi t t i ng an of f ence, and had
commi t t ed mur der , and he i s t her ef or e subj ect t o t he puni shment of
deat h.

( c) A i nst i gat es B t o set f i r e t o a dwel l i ng- house. B, i n
consequence of t he unsoundness of hi s mi nd, bei ng i ncapabl e of knowi ng
t he nat ur e of t he act , or t hat he i s doi ng what i s wr ong or cont r ar y
t o l aw, set s f i r e t o t he house i n consequence of A' s i nst i gat i on. B
has commi t t ed no of f ence, but A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng t he of f ence of
set t i ng f i r e t o a dwel l i ng- house, and i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment
pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence.

( d) A, i nt endi ng t o cause a t hef t t o be commi t t ed, i nst i gat es B
t o t ake pr oper t y bel ongi ng t o Z out of Z' s possessi on. A i nduces B t o
bel i eve t hat t he pr oper t y bel ongs t o A. B t akes t he pr oper t y out of
Z' s possessi on, i n good f ai t h, bel i evi ng i t t o be A' s pr oper t y. B,
act i ng under t hi s mi sconcept i on, does not t ake di shonest l y, and
t her ef or e does not commi t t hef t . But A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng t hef t ,
and i s l i abl e t o t he same puni shment as i f B had commi t t ed t hef t .

Expl anat i on 4. - The abet ment of an of f ence bei ng an of f ence, t he
abet ment of such an abet ment i s al so an of f ence.

I l l ust r at i on

A i nst i gat es B t o i nst i gat e C t o mur der Z. B accor di ngl y
i nst i gat es C t o mur der Z, and C commi t s t hat of f ence i n consequence of
B' s i nst i gat i on. B i s l i abl e t o be puni shed f or hi s of f ence wi t h t he
puni shment f or mur der ; and, as A i nst i gat ed B t o commi t t he of f ence, A
i s al so l i abl e t o t he same puni shment .

122

Expl anat i on 5. - I t i s not necessar y t o t he commi ssi on of t he
of f ence of abet ment by conspi r acy t hat t he abet t or shoul d concer t t he
of f ence wi t h t he per son who commi t s i t . I t i s suf f i ci ent i f he engages
i n t he conspi r acy i n pur suance of whi ch t he of f ence i s commi t t ed.

I l l ust r at i on

A concer t s wi t h B a pl an f or poi soni ng Z. I t i s agr eed t hat A
shal l admi ni st er t he poi son. B t hen expl ai ns t he pl an t o C ment i oni ng
t hat a t hi r d per son i s t o admi ni st er t he poi son, but wi t hout
ment i oni ng A' s name. C agr ees t o pr ocur e t he poi son, and pr ocur es and
del i ver s i t t o B f or t he pur pose of i t s bei ng used i n t he manner
expl ai ned. A admi ni st er s t he poi son; Z di es i n consequence. Her e,
t hough A and C have not conspi r ed t oget her , yet C has been engaged i n
t he conspi r acy i n pur suance of whi ch Z has been mur der ed. C has
t her ef or e commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on and i s l i abl e
t o t he puni shment f or mur der .

108A.

Abet ment i n I ndi a of of f ences out si de I ndi a.

1*[ 108A. Abet ment i n I ndi a of of f ences out si de I ndi a. - - A per son
abet s an of f ence wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s Code who, i n 2*[ I ndi a] ,
abet s t he commi ssi on of any act wi t hout and beyond 2*[ I ndi a] whi ch
woul d const i t ut e an of f ence i f commi t t ed i n 2*[ I ndi a] .

I l l ust r at i on

A, i n 2*[ I ndi a] , i nst i gat es B, a f or ei gner i n Goa, t o commi t a
mur der i n Goa, A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng mur der . ]

109.

Puni shment of abet ment i f t he act abet t ed i s commi t t ed i n consequence
and wher e no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made f or i t s puni shment .

109. Puni shment of abet ment i f t he act abet t ed i s commi t t ed i n
consequence and wher e no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made f or i t s
puni shment . - - Whoever abet s any of f ence shal l , i f t he act abet t ed i s
commi t t ed i n consequence of t he abet ment , and no expr ess pr ovi si on i s
made by t hi s Code f or t he puni shment of such abet ment , be puni shed
wi t h t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence.

Expl anat i on. - An act or of f ence i s sai d t o be commi t t ed i n
consequence of abet ment , when i t i s commi t t ed i n consequence of t he
i nst i gat i on, or i n pur suance of t he conspi r acy, or wi t h t he ai d whi ch
const i t ut es t he abet ment .


( a) A of f er s a br i be t o B, a publ i c ser vant , as a r ewar d f or
showi ng A some f avour i n t he exer ci se of B' s of f i ci al f unct i ons. B
accept s t he br i be. A has abet t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n sect i on 161.

( b) A i nst i gat es B t o gi ve f al se evi dence. B, i n consequence of
t he i nst i gat i on, commi t s t hat of f ence. A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng t hat
of f ence, and i s l i abl e t o t he same puni shment as B.

( c) A and B conspi r e t o poi son Z. A, i n pur suance of t he
conspi r acy, pr ocur es t he poi son and del i ver s i t t o B i n or der t hat he
may admi ni st er i t t o Z. B, i n pur suance of t he conspi r acy, admi ni st er s
t he poi son t o Z i n A' s absence and t her eby causes Z' s deat h. Her e B i s
gui l t y of mur der . A i s gui l t y of abet t i ng t hat of f ence by conspi r acy,
and i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment f or mur der .

110.

Puni shment of abet ment i f per son abet t ed does act wi t h di f f er ent
i nt ent i on f r omt hat of abet t or .

110. Puni shment of abet ment i f per son abet t ed does act wi t h
di f f er ent i nt ent i on f r om t hat of abet t or . - - Whoever abet s t he
commi ssi on of an of f ence shal l , i f t he per son abet t ed does t he act
wi t h a di f f er ent i nt ent i on or knowl edge f r omt hat of t he abet t or , be
puni shed wi t h t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence whi ch woul d have
been commi t t ed i f t he act had been done wi t h t he i nt ent i on or
knowl edge of t he abet t or and wi t h no ot her .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Added by Act 4 of 1898, s. 3.

2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s, 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .

123

111.

Li abi l i t y of abet t or when one act abet t ed and di f f er ent act done.

111. Li abi l i t y of abet t or when one act abet t ed and di f f er ent act
done. - - When an Act i s abet t ed and a di f f er ent act i s done, t he abet t or
i s l i abl e f or t he act done, i n t he same manner and t o t he same ext ent
as i f he had di r ect l y abet t ed i t :

Pr ovi so.

Pr ovi so. - - Pr ovi ded t he act done was a pr obabl e consequence of t he
abet ment , and was commi t t ed under t he i nf l uence of t he i nst i gat i on, or
wi t h t he ai d or i n pur suance of t he conspi r acy whi ch const i t ut ed t he
abet ment .


( a) A i nst i gat es a chi l d t o put poi son i nt o t he f ood of Z, and
gi ves hi m poi son f or t hat pur pose. The chi l d, i n consequence of t he
i nst i gat i on, by mi st ake put s t he poi son i nt o t he f ood of Y, whi ch i s
by t he si de of t hat of Z. Her e i f t he chi l d was act i ng under t he
i nf l uence of A' s i nst i gat i on, and t he act done was under t he
ci r cumst ances a pr obabl e consequence of t he abet ment , A i s l i abl e i n
t he same manner and t o t he same ext ent as i f he had i nst i gat ed t he
chi l d t o put t he poi son i nt o t he f ood of Y.

( b) A i nst i gat es B t o bur n Z' s house. B set s f i r e t o t he house
and at t he same t i me commi t s t hef t of pr oper t y t her e. A, t hough gui l t y
of abet t i ng t he bur ni ng of t he house, i s not gui l t y of abet t i ng t he
t hef t ; f or t he t hef t was a di st i nct act , and not a pr obabl e
consequence of t he bur ni ng.

( c) A i nst i gat es B and C t o br eak i nt o an i nhabi t ed house at
mi dni ght f or t he pur pose of r obber y, and pr ovi des t hemwi t h ar ms f or
t hat pur pose. B and C br eak i nt o t he house, and bei ng r esi st ed by Z,
one of t he i nmat es, mur der Z. Her e, i f t hat mur der was t he pr obabl e
consequence of t he abet ment , A i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment pr ovi ded
f or mur der .

112.

Abet t or when l i abl e t o cumul at i ve puni shment f or act abet t ed and f or
act done.

112. Abet t or when l i abl e t o cumul at i ve puni shment f or act abet t ed
and f or act done. - - I f t he act f or whi ch t he abet t or i s l i abl e under
t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on i s commi t t ed i n addi t i on t o t he act
abet t ed, and const i t ut e a di st i nct of f ence, t he abet t or i s l i abl e t o
puni shment f or each of t he of f ences.

I l l ust r at i on

A i nst i gat es B t o r esi st by f or ce a di st r ess made by a publ i c
ser vant . B, i n consequence r esi st s t hat di st r ess. I n of f er i ng t he
r esi st ance, B vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t t o t he of f i cer
execut i ng t he di st r ess. As B has commi t t ed bot h t he of f ence of
r esi st i ng t he di st r ess, and t he of f ence of vol unt ar i l y causi ng
gr i evous hur t , B i s l i abl e t o puni shment f or bot h t hese of f ences; and,
i f A knew t hat B was l i kel y vol unt ar i l y t o cause gr i evous hur t i n
r esi st i ng t he di st r ess A wi l l al so be l i abl e t o puni shment f or each of
t he of f ences.

113.

Li abi l i t y of abet t or f or an ef f ect caused by t he act abet t ed di f f er ent
f r omt hat i nt ended by t he abet t or .

113. Li abi l i t y of abet t or f or an ef f ect caused by t he act abet t ed
di f f er ent f r om t hat i nt ended by t he abet t or . - - When an act i s abet t ed
wi t h t he i nt ent i on on t he par t of t he abet t or of causi ng a par t i cul ar
ef f ect , and an act f or whi ch t he abet t or i s l i abl e i n consequence of
t he abet ment , causes a di f f er ent ef f ect f r omt hat i nt ended by t he
abet t or , t he abet t or i s l i abl e f or t he ef f ect caused, i n t he same
manner and t o t he same ext ent as i f he had abet t ed t he act wi t h t he
i nt ent i on of causi ng t hat ef f ect , pr ovi ded he knew t hat t he act
abet t ed was l i kel y t o cause t hat ef f ect .

I l l ust r at i on

A i nst i gat es B t o cause gr i evous hur t t o Z. B, i n consequence of
t he i nst i gat i on, causes gr i evous hur t t o Z. Z di es i n consequence.
Her e, i f A knew t hat t he gr i evous hur t abet t ed was l i kel y t o cause
deat h, A i s l i abl e t o be puni shed wi t h t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or
mur der .

114.

Abet t or pr esent when of f ence i s commi t t ed.

114. Abet t or pr esent when of f ence i s commi t t ed. - - Whenever any
per son who i f absent woul d be l i abl e t o be puni shed as an abet t or , i s
pr esent when t he act or of f ence f or whi ch he woul d be puni shabl e i n
consequence of t he abet ment i s commi t t ed, he shal l be deemed t o have
commi t t ed such act or of f ence.

124

115.

Abet ment of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e- i f
of f ence i s not commi t t ed.

115. Abet ment of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment
f or l i f e- - i f of f ence not commi t t ed. - Whoever abet s t he commi ssi on of an
of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , shal l ,
i f t hat of f ence be not commi t t ed i n consequence of t he abet ment , and
no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made by t hi s Code f or t he puni shment of such
abet ment , be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o
f i ne:

i f act causi ng har mbe done i n consequence.

i f act causi ng har m be done i n consequence. - - and i f any act f or
whi ch t he abet t or i s l i abl e i n consequence of t he abet ment , and whi ch
causes hur t t o any per son, i s done, t he abet t or shal l be l i abl e t o
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
f our t een year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

I l l ust r at i on

A i nst i gat es B t o mur der Z. The of f ence i s not commi t t ed. I f B
had mur der ed Z, he woul d have been subj ect t o t he puni shment of deat h
or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] . Ther ef or e A i s l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s and al so t o a f i ne; and, i f
any hur t be done t o Z i n consequence of t he abet ment , he wi l l be
l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f our t een year s,
and t o f i ne.

116.

Abet ment of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment - - i f of f ence be not
commi t t ed.

116. Abet ment of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment - - i f
of f ence be not commi t t ed. - - Whoever abet s an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment shal l , i f t hat of f ence be not commi t t ed i n consequence of
t he abet ment , and no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made by t hi s Code f or t he
puni shment of such abet ment , be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of any
descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er mpr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence; or wi t h
such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, or wi t h bot h;

i f abet t or or per son abet t ed be a publ i c ser vant whose dut y i t i s t o
pr event of f ence.

i f abet t or or per son abet t ed be a publ i c ser vant whose dut y i t i s
t o pr event of f ence. - - and i f t he abet t or or t he per son abet t ed i s a
publ i c ser vant , whose dut y i t i s t o pr event t he commi ssi on of such
of f ence, t he abet t or shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of any
descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
one- hal f of t he l ongest t er mpr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, or wi t h such
f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h bot h.


( a) A of f er s a br i be t o B, a publ i c ser vant , as a r ewar d f or
showi ng. A some f avour i n t he exer ci se of B' s of f i ci al f unct i ons. B
r ef uses t o accept t he br i be. A i s puni shabl e under t hi s sect i on.

( b) A i nst i gat es B t o gi ve f al se evi dence. Her e, i f B does not
gi ve f al se evi dence, A has never t hel ess commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned
i n t hi s sect i on, and i s puni shabl e accor di ngl y.

( c) A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , whose dut y i t i s t o pr event r obber y,
abet s t he commi ssi on of r obber y. Her e, t hough t he r obber y be not
commi t t ed, A i s l i abl e t o one- hal f of t he l ongest t er mof i mpr i sonment
pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence, and al so t o f i ne.

( d) B abet s t he commi ssi on of a r obber y by A, a pol i ce- of f i cer ,
whose dut y i t i s t o pr event t hat of f ence. Her e t hough t he r obber y be
not commi t t ed, B i s l i abl e t o one- hal f of t he l ongest t er m of
i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence of r obber y, and al so t o f i ne.

117.

Abet t i ng commi ssi on of of f ence by t he publ i c or by mor e t han t en
per sons.

117. Abet t i ng commi ssi on of of f ence by t he publ i c or by mor e t han
t en per sons. - - Whoever abet s t he commi ssi on of an of f ence by t he publ i c
gener al l y or by any number or cl ass of per sons exceedi ng t en, shal l be
puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may
ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

125

I l l ust r at i on

A af f i xes i n a publ i c pl ace a pl acar d i nst i gat i ng a sect
consi st i ng of mor e t han t en member s t o meet at a cer t ai n t i me and
pl ace, f or t he pur pose of at t acki ng t he member s of an adver se sect ,
whi l e engaged i n a pr ocessi on. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n
t hi s sect i on.

118.

Conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or
i mpr i sonment f or l i f e.

118. Conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or
i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. - - Whoever i nt endi ng t o f aci l i t at e or knowi ng i t
t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an
of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] ,

vol unt ar i l y conceal s, by any act or i l l egal omi ssi on, t he
exi st ence of a desi gn t o commi t such of f ence or makes any
r epr esent at i on whi ch he knows t o be f al se r espect i ng such desi gn,

i f of f ence be commi t t ed- i f of f ence be not commi t t ed.

i f of f ence be commi t t ed- i f of f ence be not commi t t ed. - - shal l , i f
t hat of f ence be commi t t ed, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or , i f t he
of f ence of not commi t t ed, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on, f or
a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s; and i n ei t her case shal l al so
be l i abl e t o f i ne.

I l l ust r at i on

A, knowi ng t hat dacoi t y i s about t o be commi t t ed at B, f al sel y
i nf or ms t he Magi st r at e t hat a dacoi t y i s about t o be commi t t ed at C, a
pl ace i n an opposi t e di r ect i on, and t her eby mi sl eads t he Magi st r at e
wi t h i nt ent t o f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of t he of f ence. The dacoi t y
i s commi t t ed at B i n pur suance of t he desi gn. A i s puni shabl e under
t hi s sect i on.

119.

Publ i c ser vant conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence whi ch i t i s hi s
dut y t o pr event .

119. Publ i c ser vant conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence whi ch i t
i s hi s dut y t o pr event . - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant i nt endi ng t o
f aci l i t at e or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby f aci l i t at e
t he commi ssi on of an of f ence whi ch i t i s hi s dut y as such publ i c
ser vant t o pr event ,

exi st ence of a desi gn t o commi t such of f ence, or makes any
r epr esent at i on whi ch he knows t o be f al se r espect i ng such desi gn.

i f of f ence be commi t t ed.

i f of f ence be commi t t ed. - - shal l , i f t he of f ence be commi t t ed, be
puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of any descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he
of f ence, f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one- hal f of t he l ongest t er m
of such i mpr i sonment , or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t hat
of f ence, or wi t h bot h;

i f of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h deat h, et c.

i f of f ence be puni shabl e wi t h deat h, et c. - - or , i f t he of f ence be
puni shabl e wi t h deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en
year s;

i f of f ence be not commi t t ed.

i f of f ence be not commi t t ed. - - or , i f t he of f ence be not
commi t t ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of any descr i pt i on
pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h
par t of t he l ongest t er mof such i mpr i sonment or wi t h such f i ne as i s
pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h bot h.

I l l ust r at i on

A, an of f i cer of pol i ce, bei ng l egal l y bound t o gi ve i nf or mat i on
of al l desi gns t o commi t r obber y whi ch may come t o hi s knowl edge, and
knowi ng t hat B desi gns t o commi t r obber y, omi t s t o gi ve such
i nf or mat i on, wi t h i nt ent t o f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of t hat of f ence.
her e A has by an i l l egal omi ssi on conceal ed t he exi st ence of B' s
desi gn and i s l i abl e t o puni shment accor di ng t o t he pr ovi si on of t hi s
sect i on.

120.

Conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment .

120. Conceal i ng desi gn t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever , i nt endi ng t o f aci l i t at e or knowi ng i t t o be
l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence
puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment ,

exi st ence of a desi gn t o commi t such of f ence, or makes any
r epr esent at i on whi ch he knows t o be f al se r espect i ng such desi gn,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

126

i f of f ence be commi t t ed- i f of f ence be not commi t t ed.

i f of f ence be commi t t ed- i f of f ence be not commi t t ed- - shal l , i f
t he of f ence be commi t t ed, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he
descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
one- f our t h, and, i f t he of f ence be not commi t t ed, t o one- ei ght , of t he
l ongest t er m of such i mpr i sonment , or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded
f or t he of f ence, or wi t h bot h.

CHAPTER VA

CRI MI NAL CONSPI RACY

1*[ CHAPTER VA

CRI MI NAL CONSPI RACY

120A.

Def i ni t i on of cr i mi nal conspi r acy.

120A. Def i ni t i on of cr i mi nal conspi r acy. - - When t wo or mor e
per sons agr ee t o do, or cause t o be done, -

( 1) an i l l egal act , or

( 2) an act whi ch i s not i l l egal by i l l egal means, such an
agr eement i s desi gnat ed a cr i mi nal conspi r acy:

Pr ovi ded t hat no agr eement except an agr eement t o commi t an
of f ence shal l amount t o a cr i mi nal conspi r acy unl ess some act besi des
t he agr eement i s done by one or mor e par t i es t o such agr eement i n
pur suance t her eof .

Expl anat i on. - I t i s i mmat er i al whet her t he i l l egal act i s t he
ul t i mat e obj ect of such agr eement , or i s mer el y i nci dent al t o t hat
obj ect .

120B.

Puni shment of cr i mi nal conspi r acy.

120B. Puni shment of cr i mi nal conspi r acy. - - ( 1) Whoever i s a par t y
t o a cr i mi nal conspi r acy t o commi t an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h,
2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mof t wo
year s or upwar ds, shal l , wher e no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s
Code f or t he puni shment of such a conspi r acy, be puni shed i n t he same
manner as i f he had abet t ed such of f ence.

( 2) Whoever i s a par t y t o a cr i mi nal conspi r acy ot her t han a
cr i mi nal conspi r acy t o commi t an of f ence puni shabl e as af or esai d shal l
be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot
exceedi ng si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne or wi t h bot h. ]

CHAPTER VI

OF OFFENCES AGAI NST THE STATE

CHAPTER VI

OF OFFENCES AGAI NST THE STATE

121.

Wagi ng, or at t empt i ng t o wage war , or abet t i ng wagi ng of war , agai nst
t he Gover nment of I ndi a.

121. Wagi ng, or at t empt i ng t o wage war , or abet t i ng wagi ng of
war , agai nst t he Gover nment of I ndi a. - - Whoever wages war agai nst t he
3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , or at t empt s t o wage such war , or abet s t he
wagi ng of such war , shal l be puni shed wi t h deat h, or
4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] 5*[ and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne] .

6*[ I l l ust r at i on. ]

7***A j oi ns an i nsur r ect i on agai nst t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] .
A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.

8* * * * *
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 8 of 1913, s. 3.

2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on" .

3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Queen" .

4. Subs. by Act of 1955 s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or
l i f e" .

5. Subs. by Act 16 of 1921, s. 2, f or " and shal l f or f ei t al l hi s
pr oper t y" .

6. Subs. by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I , f or " I l l ust r at i ons" .

7. The br acket s and l et t er " ( a) " omi t t ed by s. 3 and Sch. I I , i bi d.

8. I l l us t r at i on ( b) r ep. by t he A. O. 1950.

127

121A.

Conspi r acy t o commi t of f ences puni shabl e by sect i on 121.

1*[ 121A. Conspi r acy t o commi t of f ences puni shabl e by sect i on
121. - - Whoever wi t hi n or wi t hout 2*[ I ndi a] conspi r es t o commi t any
of t he of f ences puni shabl e by sect i on 121, 3*** or conspi r es t o
over awe, by means of cr i mi nal f or ce or t he show of cr i mi nal f or ce,
4*[ t he Cent r al Gover nment or any St at e Gover nment 5***] , shal l be
puni shed wi t h 6*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, 7*[ and shal l al so
be l i abl e t o f i ne] .

Expl anat i on. - To const i t ut e a conspi r acy under t hi s sect i on, i t i s
not necessar y t hat any act or i l l egal omi ssi on shal l t ake pl ace i n
pur suance t her eof . ]

122.

Col l ect i ng ar ms, et c. , wi t h i nt ent i on of wagi ng war agai nst t he
Gover nment of I ndi a.

122. Col l ect i ng ar ms, et c. , wi t h i nt ent i on of wagi ng war agai nst
t he Gover nment of I ndi a. - - Whoever col l ect s men, ar ms or ammuni t i on or
ot her wi se pr epar es t o wage war wi t h t he i nt ent i on of ei t her wagi ng or
bei ng pr epar ed t o wage war agai nst t he 8*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] ,
shal l be puni shed wi t h 9*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, 10*[ and shal l
al so be l i abl e t o f i ne] .

123.

Conceal i ng wi t h i nt ent t o f aci l i t at e desi gn t o wage war .

123. Conceal i ng wi t h i nt ent t o f aci l i t at e desi gn t o wage war . - -
Whoever , by any act , or by any i l l egal omi ssi on, conceal s t he
exi st ence of a desi gn t o wage war agai nst t he 8*[ Gover nment of
I ndi a] , i nt endi ng by such conceal ment t o f aci l i t at e, or knowi ng i t t o
be l i kel y t hat such conceal ment wi l l f aci l i t at e, t he wagi ng of such
war , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

124.

Assaul t i ng Pr esi dent , Gover nor , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o compel or
r est r ai n t he exer ci se of any l awf ul power .

124. Assaul t i ng Pr esi dent , Gover nor , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o compel
or r est r ai n t he exer ci se of any l awf ul power . - - Whoever , wi t h t he
i nt ent i on of i nduci ng or compel l i ng t he 11*[ Pr esi dent ] of I ndi a, or
12*[ Gover nor 13***] of any St at e, 14*** 15*** 16*** t o exer ci se or
r ef r ai n f r omexer ci si ng i n any manner any of t he l awf ul power s of such
17*[ Pr esi dent or 12*[ Gover nor 13*] ,

assaul t s or wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ns, or at t empt s wr ongf ul l y t o
r est r ai n, or over awes, by means of cr i mi nal f or ce or t he show of
cr i mi nal f or ce, or at t empt s so t o over awe, such 17*[ Pr esi dent or 12***
[ Gover nor 13***] ,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. S. 121A i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 4.


3. The wor ds " or t o depr i ve t he Queen of t he sover ei gnt y of t he
Pr ovi nces or of any par t t her eof " omi t t ed by t he A. O. 1950.

4. Subs. by t he A. O. 1937, f or " t he G. of I . or any L. G. " .

5. The wor ds " or t he Govt . of Bur ma" r ep. by t he A. O. 1948.

6. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on
f or l i f e or any shor t er t er m" .

7. I ns. by Act 16 of 1921, s. 3.


f or l i f e" .

10. Subs. by Act 16 of 1921, s. 2, f or " and shal l f or f ei t al l hi s
pr oper t y" .

11. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Gover nor Gener al " .

12. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " Gover nor " .

13. The wor ds " or Raj pr amukh" omi t t ed by t he Adapt at i on of Laws ( No.
2) Or der , 1956.

14. The wor ds " or a Leut enant - Gover nor " r ep. by t he A. O. 1937.

15. The wor ds " or a Member of t he Counci l of t he Gover nor Gener al of
I ndi a" r ep. by t he A. O. 1948.

16. The wor ds " or of t he Counci l of any Pr esi dency" r ep. by t he A. O.
1937.

17. The or i gi nal wor ds " Gover nor Gener al , Gover nor , Li eut enant -
Gover nor or Member of Counci l " have successi vel y been amended by
t he A. O. 1937, A. O. 1948 and A. O. 1950 t o r ead as above.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

128

shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o
f i ne.

124A.

Sedi t i on.

1*[ 124A. Sedi t i on. - - Whoever by wor ds, ei t her spoken or wr i t t en,
or by si gns, or by vi si bl e r epr esent at i on, or ot her wi se, br i ngs or
at t empt s t o br i ng i nt o hat r ed or cont empt , or exci t es or at t empt s t o
exci t e di saf f ect i on t owar ds, 2***t he Gover nment est abl i shed by l aw i n
3*[ I ndi a] , a 4***shal l be puni shed wi t h 5*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , t o
whi ch f i ne may be added, or wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o
t hr ee year s, t o whi ch f i ne may be added, or wi t h f i ne.

Expl anat i on 1. - The expr essi on " di saf f ect i on" i ncl udes di sl oyal t y
and al l f eel i ngs of enmi t y.

Expl anat i on 2. - Comment s expr essi ng di sappr obat i on of t he measur es
of t he Gover nment wi t h a vi ew t o obt ai n t hei r al t er at i on by l awf ul
means, wi t hout exci t i ng or at t empt i ng t o exci t e hat r ed, cont empt or
di saf f ect i on, do not const i t ut e an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

Expl anat i on 3. - Comment s expr essi ng di sappr obat i on of t he
admi ni st r at i ve or ot her act i on of t he Gover nment wi t hout exci t i ng or
at t empt i ng t o exci t e hat r ed, cont empt or di saf f ect i on, do not
const i t ut e an of f ence under t hi s sect i on. ]

125.

Wagi ng war agai nst any Asi at i c Power i n al l i ance wi t h t he Gover nment
of I ndi a.

125. Wagi ng war agai nst any Asi at i c Power i n al l i ance wi t h t he
Gover nment of I ndi a. - - Whoever wages war agai nst t he Gover nment of any
Asi at i c Power i n al l i ance or at peace wi t h t he 6*[ Gover nment of
I ndi a] or at t empt s t o wage such war , or abet s t he wagi ng of such war ,
shal l be puni shed wi t h 7*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , t o whi ch f i ne may
be added, or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o seven year s, t o whi ch f i ne may be added, or wi t h f i ne.

126.

Commi t t i ng depr edat i on on t er r i t or i es of Power at peace wi t h t he
Gover nment of I ndi a.

126. Commi t t i ng depr edat i on on t er r i t or i es of Power at peace wi t h
t he Gover nment of I ndi a. - - Whoever commi t s depr edat i on, or makes
pr epar at i ons t o commi t depr edat i on, on t he t er r i t or i es of any Power i n
al l i ance or at peace wi t h t he 6*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , shal l be
ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne and t o
f or f ei t ur e of any pr oper t y used or i nt ended t o be used i n commi t t i ng
such depr edat i on, or acqui r ed by such depr edat i on.

127.

Recei vi ng pr oper t y t aken by war or depr edat i on ment i oned i n sect i ons
125 and 126.

127. Recei vi ng pr oper t y t aken by war or depr edat i on ment i oned i n
sect i ons 125 and 126. - Whoever r ecei ves any pr oper t y knowi ng t he same
t o have been t aken i n t he commi ssi on of any of t he of f ences ment i oned
i n sect i ons 125 and 126, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so
be l i abl e t o f i ne and t o f or f ei t ur e of t he pr oper t y so r ecei ved.

128.

Publ i c ser vant vol unt ar i l y al l owi ng pr i soner of st at e or war t o
escape.

128. Publ i c ser vant vol unt ar i l y al l owi ng pr i soner of st at e or war
t o escape. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant and havi ng t he cust ody of
any St at e pr i soner or pr i soner of war , vol unt ar i l y al l ows such
pr i soner t o escape f r omany pl ace i n whi ch such pr i soner i s conf i ned,
shal l be puni shed wi t h 7*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l
al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 4 of 1898, s. 4, f or t he or i gi nal s. 124A whi ch had
been i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 5.
2. The wor ds " Her Maj est y or " r ep. by t he A. O. 1950. The wor ds " or
t he Cr own Repr esent at i ve" i ns. af t er t he wor d " Maj est y" by t he
A. O. 1937 wer e r ep. by t he A. O. 1948.
4. The wor ds " or Br i t i sh Bur ma" i ns. by t he A. O. 1937 r ep. by t he
A. O. 1948.
l i f e or any shor t er t er m" .
f or l i f e" .

129

129.

Publ i c ser vant negl i gent l y suf f er i ng such pr i soner t o escape.

129. Publ i c ser vant negl i gent l y suf f er i ng such pr i soner t o
escape. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant and havi ng t he cust ody of any
St at e pr i soner or pr i soner of war , negl i gent l y suf f er s such pr i soner
t o escape f r omany pl ace of conf i nement i n whi ch such pr i soner i s
conf i ned, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

130.

Ai di ng escape of , r escui ng or har bour i ng such pr i soner .

130. Ai di ng escape of , r escui ng or har bour i ng such pr i soner . - -
Whoever knowi ngl y ai ds or assi st s any St at e pr i soner or pr i soner of
war i n escapi ng f r oml awf ul cust ody, or r escues or at t empt s t o r escue
any such pr i soner , or har bour s or conceal s any such pr i soner who has
escaped f r oml awf ul cust ody, or of f er s or at t empt s t o of f er any
r esi st ance t o t he r ecapt ur e of such pr i soner shal l be puni shed wi t h
1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o
f i ne.

Expl anat i on. - A St at e pr i soner or pr i soner of war , who i s
per mi t t ed t o be at l ar ge on hi s par ol e wi t hi n cer t ai n l i mi t s i n
2*[ I ndi a] , i s sai d t o escape f r oml awf ul cust ody i f he goes beyond t he
l i mi t s wi t hi n whi ch he i s al l owed t o be at l ar ge.

CHAPTER VI I

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO THE ARMY, [ NAVY AND AI R FORCE]

CHAPTER VI I

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO THE ARMY, 3*[ NAVY AND AI R FORCE]

131.

Abet t i ng mut i ny, or at t empt i ng t o seduce a sol di er , sai l or or ai r man
f r omhi s dut y.

131. Abet t i ng mut i ny, or at t empt i ng t o seduce a sol di er , sai l or
or ai r man f r omhi s dut y. - - Whoever abet s t he commi t t i ng of mut i ny by an
of f i cer , sol di er , 4*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 5*[ Navy or Ai r
For ce] of t he 6*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] or at t empt s t o seduce any such
of f i cer , sol di er , 4*[ sai l or or ai r man] f r om hi s al l egi ance or hi s
dut y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h
year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

7*[ Expl anat i on. - I n t hi s sect i on t he wor ds " of f i cer " , 8*
[ " sol di er " , 9*[ " sai l or " ] and " ai r man" ] i ncl ude any per son subj ect t o
t he 10*[ Ar my Act , 11*[ t he Ar my Act , 1950 ( 46 of 1950) ] , 9*[ t he Naval
Di sci pl i ne Act , 12***t he I ndi an Navy ( Di sci pl i ne) Act , 1934 ( 34 of
1934) ] 13*[ t he Ai r For ce Act or 14*[ t he Ai r For ce Act , 1950 ( 45 of
1950) ] ] , as t he case may be] . ]

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
3. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " and Navy" .
4. Subs. by s. 2 and Sch. I , i bi d. , f or " or sai l or " .
5. Subs. by s. 2 and sch. I , i bi d. , f or " or Navy" .
6. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950 f or " Queen" .
7. I ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 6.
8. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " and sol di er " .
9. I ns. by Act 25 of 1934, s. 2 and Sch.
10. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " Ar t i cl es of War
f or t he bet t er gover nment of Her Maj est y' s Ar my, or t o t he
Ar t i cl es of War cont ai ned i n Act No. 5 of 1869" .
11. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he I ndi an Ar my Act ,
1911" .
12. The wor ds " or t hat Act as modi f i ed by" wer e r ep. by t he A. O.
1950.
13. Subs. by Act 14 of 1932, s. 130 and Sch. , f or " or t he Ai r For ce
Act " .
14. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he I ndi an Ai r For ce
Act , 1932" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

130

132.

Abet ment of mut i ny, i f mut i ny i s commi t t ed i n consequence t her eof .

132. Abet ment of mut i ny, i f mut i ny i s commi t t ed i n consequence
t her eof . - - Whoever abet s t he commi t t i ng of mut i ny by an of f i cer ,
sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of
t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , shal l , i f mut i ny be commi t t ed i n
consequence of t hat abet ment , be puni shed wi t h deat h or wi t h
4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a

133.

Abet ment of assaul t by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man on hi s super i or
of f i cer , when i n execut i on of hi s of f i ce.

133. Abet ment of assaul t by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man on hi s
super i or of f i cer , when i n execut i on of hi s of f i ce. - - Whoever abet s an
assaul t by an of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my,
2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , on any super i or
of f i cer bei ng i n t he execut i on of hi s of f i ce, shal l be puni shed wi t h
t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

134.

Abet ment of such assaul t , i f t he assaul t commi t t ed.

134. Abet ment of such assaul t , i f t he assaul t commi t t ed. - - Whoever
abet s an assaul t by an of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he
Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , on any
super i or of f i cer bei ng i n t he execut i on of hi s of f i ce, shal l , i f such
assaul t be commi t t ed i n consequence of t hat abet ment be puni shed wi t h
seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

135.

Abet ment of deser t i on of sol di er , sai l or or ai r man.

135. Abet ment of deser t i on of sol di er , sai l or or ai r man. - -
Whoever , abet s t he deser t i on of any of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or
ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment
of I ndi a] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

136.

Har bour i ng deser t er .

136. Har bour i ng deser t er . - - Whoever , except as her ei naf t er
except ed, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat an of f i cer ,
sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r For ce] of
t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , has deser t ed, har bour s such of f i cer ,
sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h
f i ne or wi t h bot h.

Except i on. - Thi s pr ovi si on does not ext end t o t he case i n whi ch
t he har bour i s gi ven by a wi f e t o her husband.

137.

Deser t er conceal ed on boar d mer chant vessel t hr ough negl i gence of
mast er .

137. Deser t er conceal ed on boar d mer chant vessel t hr ough
negl i gence of mast er . - - The mast er or per son i n char ge of a mer chant
vessel , on boar d of whi ch any deser t er f r omt he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or Ai r
For ce] of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] i s conceal ed, shal l , t hough
i gnor ant of such conceal ment , be l i abl e t o a penal t y not exceedi ng
f i ve hundr ed r upees, i f he mi ght have known of such conceal ment but
f or some negl ect of hi s dut y as such mast er or per son i n char ge, or
but f or some want of di sci pl i ne on boar d of t he vessel .

138.

Abet ment of act of i nsubor di nat i on by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man.

138. Abet ment of act of i nsubor di nat i on by sol di er , sai l or or
ai r man. - Whoever abet s what he knows t o be an act of i nsubor di nat i on by
an of f i cer , sol di er , 1*[ sai l or or ai r man] , i n t he Ar my, 2*[ Navy or ai r
For ce] , of t he 3*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] , shal l , i f such act of
i nsubor di nat i on be commi t t ed i n consequence of t hat abet ment , be
ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

138A.

[ Repeal ed. ]

138A. [ Appl i cat i on of f or egoi ng sect i ons t o t he I ndi an Mar i ne
Ser vi ce. ] Rep. by t he Amendi ng Act , 1934 ( 35 of 1934) , s. 2 and Sch.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " or sai l or " .

2. Subs. by s. 2 and Sch. I , i bi d. , f or " or Navy" .


l i f e" .

131

139.

Per sons subj ect t o cer t ai n Act s.

139. Per sons subj ect t o cer t ai n Act s. - - No per son subj ect t o 1*
[ t he Ar my Act , 2*[ t he Ar my Act , 1950 ( 46 of 1950) ] , t he Naval
Di sci pl i ne Act , 3*[ 4***t he I ndi an Navy ( Di sci pl i ne) Act , 1934 ( 34
of 1934) ] , 5*[ t he Ai r For ce Act or 6*[ t he Ai r For ce Act , 1950
( 45 of 1950) ] ] ] , i s subj ect t o puni shment under t hi s Code f or any of
t he of f ences def i ned i n t hi s Chapt er .

140.

Wear i ng gar b or car r yi ng t oken used by sol di er , sai l or or ai r man.

140. Wear i ng gar b or car r yi ng t oken used by sol di er , sai l or or
ai r man. - - Whoever , not bei ng a sol di er , 7*[ sai l or or ai r man] i n t he
Mi l i t ar y, 8*[ Naval or Ai r ] ser vi ce of t he 9*[ Gover nment of I ndi a] ,
wear s any gar b or car r i es any t oken r esembl i ng any gar b or t oken used
by such a sol di er , 7*[ sai l or or ai r man] wi t h t he i nt ent i on t hat i t may
be bel i eved t hat he i s such a sol di er , 7*[ sai l or or ai r man] , shal l be
ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed
r upees, or wi t h bot h.

CHAPTER VI I I

OF OFFENCES AGAI NST THE PUBLI C TRANQUI LLI TY

CHAPTER VI I I

OF OFFENCES AGAI NST THE PUBLI C TRANQUI LLI TY

141.

Unl awf ul assembl y.

141. Unl awf ul assembl y. - - An assembl y of f i ve or mor e per sons i s
desi gnat ed an " unl awf ul assembl y" , i f t he common obj ect of t he per sons
composi ng t hat assembl y i s-

Fi r st . - To over awe by cr i mi nal f or ce, or show of cr i mi nal
f or ce, 10*[ t he Cent r al or any St at e Gover nment or Par l i ament
or t he Legi sl at ur e of any St at e] , or any publ i c ser vant i n t he
exer ci se of t he l awf ul power of such publ i c ser vant ; or

Second. - To r esi st t he execut i on of any l aw, or of any l egal
pr ocess; or

Thi r d. - To commi t any mi schi ef or cr i mi nal t r espass, or ot her
of f ence; or

Four t h. - By means of cr i mi nal f or ce, or show of cr i mi nal
f or ce, t o any per son t o t ake or obt ai n possessi on of any
pr oper t y, or t o depr i ve any per son of t he enj oyment of a r i ght of
way, or of t he use of wat er or ot her i ncor por eal r i ght of whi ch
he i s i n possessi on or enj oyment , or t o enf or ce any r i ght or
supposed r i ght ; or

Fi f t h. - By means of cr i mi nal f or ce, or show of cr i mi nal
f or ce, t o compel any per son t o do what he i s not l egal l y bound t o
do, or t o omi t t o do what he i s l egal l y ent i t l ed t o do.

Expl anat i on. - An assembl y whi ch was not unl awf ul when i t
assembl ed, may subsequent l y become an unl awf ul assembl y.

142.

Bei ng member of unl awf ul assembl y.

142. Bei ng member of unl awf ul assembl y. - - Whoever , bei ng awar e of
f act s whi ch r ender any assembl y an unl awf ul assembl y, i nt ent i onal l y
j oi ns t hat assembl y, or cont i nues i n i t , i s sai d t o be a member of an
unl awf ul assembl y.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I , f or " any Ar t i cl es of
War f or t he Ar my or Navy of t he Queen, or f or any par t of such
Ar my or Navy" .

2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he I ndi an Ar my Act ,
1911" .

3. I ns. by Act 35 of 1934, s. 2 and Sch.

4. The wor ds " or t hat Act as modi f ed by" r ep. by t he A. O. 1950.

5, Subs. by Act 14 of 1932, s. 130 and Sch. , f or " or t he Ai r For ce
Act " .

6. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he I ndi an Ai r For ce
Act , 1932" .

7. I ns. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Sch. I .

8. Subs. by s. 2 and Sch. I , i bi d. , f or " or Naval " .


10. Subs. , i bi d. , f or " t he Cent r al or any Pr ovi nci al Gover nment or
Legi sl at ur e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

132

143.

Puni shment .

143. Puni shment . - - Whoever i s a member of an unl awf ul assembl y,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m
whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

144.

J oi ni ng unl awf ul assembl y ar med wi t h deadl y weapon.

144. J oi ni ng unl awf ul assembl y ar med wi t h deadl y weapon. - -
Whoever , bei ng ar med wi t h any deadl y weapon, or wi t h anyt hi ng whi ch,
used as a weapon of of f ence, i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, i s a member of
an unl awf ul assembl y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or
wi t h bot h.

145.

J oi ni ng or cont i nui ng i n unl awf ul assembl y, knowi ng i t has been
commanded t o di sper se.

145. J oi ni ng or cont i nui ng i n unl awf ul assembl y, knowi ng i t has
been commanded t o di sper se. - - Whoever j oi ns or cont i nues i n an unl awf ul
assembl y, knowi ng t hat such unl awf ul assembl y has been commanded i n
t he manner pr escr i bed by l aw t o di sper se, shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext ent t o t wo
year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

146.

Ri ot i ng.

146. Ri ot i ng. - - Whenever f or ce or vi ol ence i s used by an unl awf ul
assembl y, or by any member t her eof , i n pr osecut i on of t he common
obj ect of such assembl y, ever y member of such assembl y i s gui l t y of
t he of f ence of r i ot i ng.

147.

Puni shment f or r i ot i ng.

147. Puni shment f or r i ot i ng. - - Whoever i s gui l t y of r i ot i ng, shal l
be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

148.

Ri ot i ng, ar med wi t h deadl y weapon.

148. Ri ot i ng, ar med wi t h deadl y weapon. - - Whoever i s gui l t y of
r i ot i ng, bei ng ar med wi t h a deadl y weapon or wi t h anyt hi ng whi ch, used
as a weapon of of f ence, i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, shal l be puni shed
wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

149.

Ever y member of unl awf ul assembl y gui l t y of of f ence commi t t ed i n
pr osecut i on of common obj ect .

149. Ever y member of unl awf ul assembl y gui l t y of of f ence
commi t t ed i n pr osecut i on of common obj ect . - - I f an of f ence i s commi t t ed
by any member of an unl awf ul assembl y i n pr osecut i on of t he common
obj ect of t hat assembl y, or such as t he member s of t hat assembl y knew
t o be l i kel y t o be commi t t ed i n pr osecut i on of t hat obj ect , ever y
per son who, at t he t i me of t he commi t t i ng of t hat of f ence, i s a member
of t he same assembl y, i s gui l t y of t hat of f ence.

150.

Hi r i ng, or conni vi ng at hi r i ng, of per sons t o j oi n unl awf ul assembl y.

150. Hi r i ng, or conni vi ng at hi r i ng, of per sons t o j oi n unl awf ul
assembl y. - - Whoever hi r es or engages, or empl oyes, or pr omot es, or
conni ves at t he hi r i ng, engagement or empl oyment of any per son t o j oi n
or become a member of any unl awf ul assembl y, shal l be puni shabl e as a
member of such unl awf ul assembl y, and f or any of f ence whi ch may be
commi t t ed by any such per son as a member of such unl awf ul assembl y i n
pur suance of such hi r i ng, engagement or empl oyment , i n t he same manner
as i f he had been a member of such unl awf ul assembl y, or hi msel f had
commi t t ed such of f ence.

151.

Knowi ngl y j oi ni ng or cont i nui ng i n assembl y of f i ve or mor e per sons
af t er i t has been commanded t o di sper se.

151. Knowi ngl y j oi ni ng or cont i nui ng i n assembl y of f i ve or mor e
per sons af t er i t has been commanded t o di sper se. - - Whoever knowi ngl y
j oi ns or cont i nues i n any assembl y of f i ve or mor e per sons l i kel y t o
cause a di st ur bance of t he publ i c peace, af t er such assembl y has been
l awf ul l y commanded t o di sper se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h
f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

Expl anat i on. - I f t he assembl y i s an unl awf ul assembl y wi t hi n t he
meani ng of sect i on 141, t he of f ender wi l l be puni shabl e under sect i on
145.

152.

Assaul t i ng or obst r uct i ng publ i c ser vant when suppr essi ng r i ot , et c.

152. Assaul t i ng or obst r uct i ng publ i c ser vant when suppr essi ng
r i ot , et c. - - Whoever assaul t s or t hr eat ens t o assaul t , or obst r uct s or
at t empt s t o obst r uct , any publ i c ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s dut y
as such publ i c ser vant , i n endeavour i ng t o di sper se an unl awf ul
assembl y, or t o suppr ess a r i ot or af f r ay, or uses, or t hr eat ens, or
at t empt s t o use cr i mi nal f or ce t o such publ i c ser vant , shal l be

133

153.

Want onl y gi vi ng pr ovocat i on wi t h i nt ent t o cause r i ot - i f r i ot i ng be
commi t t ed: i f not commi t t ed.

153. Want onl y gi vi ng pr ovocat i on wi t h i nt ent t o cause r i ot - - i f
r i ot i ng be commi t t ed: i f not commi t t ed. - Whoever mal i gnant l y, or
want onl y by doi ng anyt hi ng whi ch i s i l l egal , gi ves pr ovocat i on t o any
per son i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such pr ovocat i on wi l l
cause t he of f ence of r i ot i ng t o be commi t t ed, shal l , i f t he of f ence of
r i ot i ng be commi t t ed i n consequence of such pr ovocat i on, be puni shed
one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h, and i f t he of f ence of r i ot i ng be
not commi t t ed, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m

153A.

Pr omot i ng enmi t y bet ween di f f er ent gr oups on gr ound of r el i gi on, r ace,
pl ace of bi r t h, r esi dence, l anguage, et c. , and doi ng act s pr ej udi ci al
t o mai nt enance of har mony.

1*[ 153A. Pr omot i ng enmi t y bet ween di f f er ent gr oups on gr ound of
r el i gi on, r ace, pl ace of bi r t h, r esi dence, l anguage, et c. , and doi ng
act s pr ej udi ci al t o mai nt enance of har mony. - - ( 1) Whoever -

( a) by wor ds, ei t her spoken or wr i t t en, or by si gns or by
vi si bl e r epr esent at i ons or ot her wi se, pr omot es or at t empt s t o
pr omot e, on gr ounds of r el i gi on, r ace, pl ace of bi r t h, r esi dence,
l anguage, cast e or communi t y or any ot her gr ound what soever ,
di shar mony or f eel i ngs of enmi t y, hat r ed or i l l - wi l l bet ween
di f f er ent r el i gi ous, r aci al s, l anguage or r egi onal gr oups or
cast es or communi t i es, or

( b) commi t s any act whi ch i s pr ej udi ci al t o t he mai nt enance
of har mony bet ween di f f er ent r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or
r egi onal gr oups or cast es or communi t i es, and whi ch di st ur bs or
i s l i kel y t o di st ur b t he publ i c t r anqui l l i t y, 2*[ or ]

2*[ ( c) or gani zes any exer ci se, movement , dr i l l or ot her
si mi l ar act i vi t y i nt endi ng t hat t he par t i ci pant s i n such act i vi t y
shal l use or be t r ai ned t o use cr i mi nal f or ce or vi ol ence or
knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he par t i ci pant s i n such act i vi t y
wi l l use or be t r ai ned t o use cr i mi nal f or ce or vi ol ence, or
par t i ci pat es i n such act i vi t y i nt endi ng t o use or be t r ai ned t o
use cr i mi nal f or ce or vi ol ence or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat
t he par t i ci pant s i n such act i vi t y wi l l use or be t r ai ned t o use
cr i mi nal f or ce or vi ol ence, agai nst any r el i gi ous, r aci al ,
l anguage or r egi onal gr oup or cast e or communi t y and such
act i vi t y f or any r eason what soever causes or i s l i kel y t o cause
f ear or al ar mor a f eel i ng of i nsecur i t y amongst member s of such
r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal gr oup or cast e or
communi t y, ]

shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s,
or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

( 2) Of f ence commi t t ed i n pl ace of wor shi p, et c. - - Whoever commi t s
an of f ence speci f i ed i n sub- sect i on ( 1) i n any pl ace of wor shi p or i n
any assembl y engaged i n t he per f or mance of r el i gi ous wor shi p or
r el i gi ous cer emoni es, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may
ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. ]

153B.

I mput at i ons, asser t i ons pr ej udi ci al t o nat i onal i nt egr at i on.

2*[ 153B. I mput at i ons, asser t i ons pr ej udi ci al t o nat i onal
i nt egr at i on. - - ( 1) Whoever , by wor ds ei t her spoken or wr i t t en or by
si gns or by vi si bl e r epr esent at i ons or ot her wi se, -

( a) makes or publ i shes any i mput at i on t hat any cl ass of
per sons cannot , by r eason of t hei r bei ng member s of any
communi t y, bear t r ue f ai t h and al l egi ance t o t he Const i t ut i on of
I ndi a as by l aw est abl i shed or uphol d t he sover ei gnt y and
i nt egr i t y of I ndi a, or

( b) asser t s, counsel s, advi ses, pr opagat es or publ i shes t hat
any cl ass of per sons by r eason of t hei r bei ng member s of any
communi t y be deni ed, or depr i ved of t hei r r i ght s as ci t i zens of
I ndi a, or
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 35 of 1969, s. 2, f or s. 153A.

2. I ns. by Act 31 of 1972, s. 2.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

134

( c) makes or publ i shes and asser t i on, counsel , pl ea or
appeal concer ni ng t he obl i gat i on of any cl ass of per sons, by
r eason of t hei r bei ng member s of any r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage
or r egi onal gr oup or cast e or communi t y, and such asser t i on,
counsel , pl ea or appeal causes or i s l i kel y t o cause di shar mony
or f eel i ngs of enmi t y or hat r ed or i l l - wi l l bet ween such member s
and ot her per sons,

shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s,
or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

( 2) Whoever commi t s an of f ence speci f i ed i n sub- sect i on ( 1) , i n
any pl ace of wor shi p or i n any assembl y engaged i n t he per f or mance of
r el i gi ous wor shi p or r el i gi ous cer emoni es, shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e
t o f i ne] .

154.

Owner or occupi er of l and on whi ch an unl awf ul assembl y i s hel d.

154. Owner or occupi er of l and on whi ch an unl awf ul assembl y i s
hel d. - - Whenever any unl awf ul assembl y or r i ot t akes pl ace, t he owner
or occupi er of t he l and upon whi ch such unl awf ul assembl y i s hel d, or
such r i ot i s commi t t ed, and any per son havi ng or cl ai mi ng an i nt er est
i n such l and, shal l be puni shabl e wi t h f i ne not exceedi ng one t housand
r upees, i f he or hi s agent or manager , knowi ng t hat such of f ence i s
bei ng or has been commi t t ed, or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve i t i s l i kel y
t o be commi t t ed, do not gi ve t he ear l i est not i ce t her eof i n hi s or
t hei r power t o t he pr i nci pal of f i cer at t he near est pol i ce- st at i on,
and do not , i n t he case of hi s or t hei r havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat
i t was about t o be commi t t ed, use al l l awf ul means i n hi s or t hei r
power t o pr event i t and, i n t he event of i t s t aki ng pl ace, do not use
al l l awf ul means i n hi s or t hei r power t o di sper se or suppr ess t he
r i ot or unl awf ul assembl y.

155.

Li abi l i t y of per son f or whose benef i t r i ot i s commi t t ed.

155. Li abi l i t y of per son f or whose benef i t r i ot i s commi t t ed. - -
Whenever a r i ot i s commi t t ed f or t he benef i t or on behal f of any
per son who i s t he owner or occupi er of any l and r espect i ng whi ch such
r i ot t akes pl ace or who cl ai ms any i nt er est i n such l and, or i n t he
subj ect of any di sput e whi ch gave r i se t o t he r i ot , or who has
accept ed or der i ved any benef i t t her ef r om, such per son shal l be
puni shabl e wi t h f i ne, i f he or hi s agent or manager , havi ng r eason t o
bel i eve t hat such r i ot was l i kel y t o be commi t t ed or t hat t he unl awf ul
assembl y by whi ch such r i ot was commi t t ed was l i kel y t o be hel d, shal l
not r espect i vel y use al l l awf ul means i n hi s or t hei r power t o pr event
such assembl y or r i ot f r omt aki ng pl ace, and f or suppr essi ng and
di sper si ng t he same.

156.

Li abi l i t y of agent of owner or occupi er f or whose benef i t r i ot i s
commi t t ed.

156. Li abi l i t y of agent of owner or occupi er f or whose benef i t
r i ot i s commi t t ed. - - Whenever a r i ot i s commi t t ed f or t he benef i t or on
behal f of any per son who i s t he owner or occupi er of any l and
r espect i ng whi ch such r i ot t akes pl ace, or who cl ai ms any i nt er est i n
such l and, or i n t he subj ect of any di sput e whi ch gave r i se t o t he
r i ot , or who has accept ed or der i ved any benef i t t her ef r om,

t he agent or manager of such per son shal l be puni shabl e wi t h

f i ne, i f such agent or manager , havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat such
r i ot was l i kel y t o be commi t t ed, or t hat t he unl awf ul assembl y by
whi ch such r i ot was commi t t ed was l i kel y t o be hel d, shal l not use al l
l awf ul means i n hi s power t o pr event such r i ot or assembl y f r omt aki ng
pl ace and f or suppr essi ng and di sper si ng t he same.

157.

Har bour i ng per sons hi r ed f or an unl awf ul assembl y.

157. Har bour i ng per sons hi r ed f or an unl awf ul assembl y. - - Whoever
har bour s, r ecei ves or assembl es, i n any house or pr emi ses i n hi s
occupat i on or char ge, or under hi s cont r ol any per sons knowi ng t hat
such per sons have been hi r ed, engaged or empl oyed, or ar e about t o be
hi r ed, engaged or empl oyed, t o j oi n or become member s of an unl awf ul
assembl y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

158.

Bei ng hi r ed t o t ake par t i n an unl awf ul assembl y or r i ot ;

158. Bei ng hi r ed t o t ake par t i n an unl awf ul assembl y or r i ot ; - -
Whoever i s engaged, or hi r ed, or of f er s or at t empt s t o be hi r ed or
engaged, t o do or assi st i n doi ng any of t he act s speci f i ed i n sect i on
141, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

135

or t o go ar med.

or t o go ar med. - - and whoever , bei ng so engaged or hi r ed as
af or esai d, goes ar med, or engages or of f er s t o go ar med, wi t h any
deadl y weapon or wi t h anyt hi ng whi ch used as a weapon of of f ence i s
l i kel y t o cause deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

159.

Af f r ay.

159. Af f r ay. - - When t wo or mor e per sons, by f i ght i ng i n a publ i c
pl ace, di st ur b t he publ i c peace, t hey ar e sai d t o " commi t an af f r ay" .

160.

Puni shment f or commi t t i ng af f r ay.

160. Puni shment f or commi t t i ng af f r ay. - - Whoever commi t s an
af f r ay, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o
one hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

CHAPTER I X

OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATI NG TO PUBLI C SERVANTS

CHAPTER I X

OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATI NG TO PUBLI C SERVANTS

161 t o 165A.

161 t o 165A. Rep. by t he Pr event i on of Cor r upt i on Act , 1988 ( 49 of
1988) , s. 31.

166.

Publ i c ser vant di sobeyi ng l aw, wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y t o any
per son.

166. Publ i c ser vant di sobeyi ng l aw, wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y
t o any per son. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , knowi ngl y di sobeys
any di r ect i on of t he l aw as t o t he way i n whi ch he i s t o conduct
hi msel f as such publ i c ser vant , i nt endi ng t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o
be l i kel y t hat he wi l l , by such di sobedi ence, cause i nj ur y t o any
per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

I I I ust r at i on

A, bei ng an of f i cer di r ect ed by l aw t o t ake pr oper t y i n execut i on,
i n or der t o sat i sf y a decr ee pr onounced i n Z' s f avour by a Cour t of
J ust i ce, knowi ngl y di sobeys t hat di r ect i on of l aw, wi t h t he knowl edge
t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o cause i nj ur y t o Z. A has commi t t ed t he
of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.

167.

Publ i c ser vant f r ami ng an i ncor r ect document wi t h i nt ent t o cause
i nj ur y.

167. Publ i c ser vant f r ami ng an i ncor r ect document wi t h i nt ent t o
cause i nj ur y. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , and bei ng, as such
publ i c ser vant , char ged wi t h t he pr epar at i on or t r ansl at i on of any
document , f r ames or t r ansl at es t hat document i n a manner whi ch he
knows or bel i eves t o be i ncor r ect , i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause or
knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause i nj ur y t o any
per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

168.

Publ i c ser vant unl awf ul l y engagi ng i n t r ade.

168. Publ i c ser vant unl awf ul l y engagi ng i n t r ade. - - Whoever , bei ng
a publ i c ser vant , and bei ng l egal l y bound as such publ i c ser vant not
t o engages i n t r ade, engages i n t r ade, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e
i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or
wi t h bot h.

169.

Publ i c ser vant unl awf ul l y buyi ng or bi ddi ng f or pr oper t y.

169. Publ i c ser vant unl awf ul l y buyi ng or bi ddi ng f or pr oper t y. - -
Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , and bei ng l egal l y bound as such
publ i c ser vant , not t o pur chase or bi d f or cer t ai n pr oper t y, pur chases
or bi ds f or t hat pr oper t y, ei t her i n hi s own name or i n t he name of
anot her , or j oi nt l y, or i n shar es wi t h ot her s, shal l be puni shed wi t h
si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h
f i ne, or wi t h bot h; and t he pr oper t y, i f pur chased, shal l be
conf i scat ed.

170.

Per sonat i ng a publ i c ser vant .

170. Per sonat i ng a publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever pr et ends t o hol d any
par t i cul ar of f i ce as publ i c ser vant , knowi ng t hat he does not hol d
such of f i ce or f al sel y per sonat es any ot her per son hol di ng such
of f i ce, and i n such assumed char act er does or at t empt s t o do any act
under col our of such of f i ce, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h

136

171.

Wear i ng gar b or car r yi ng t oken used by publ i c ser vant wi t h f r audul ent
i nt ent .

171. Wear i ng gar b or car r yi ng t oken used by publ i c ser vant wi t h
f r audul ent i nt ent . - - Whoever , not bel ongi ng t o a cer t ai n cl ass of
publ i c ser vant s, wear s any gar b or car r i es any t oken r esembl i ng any
gar b or t oken used by t hat cl ass of publ i c ser vant s, wi t h t he
i nt ent i on t hat i t may be bel i eved, or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat i t i s
l i kel y t o be bel i eved, t hat he bel ongs t o t hat cl ass of publ i c
ser vant s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on,
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may
ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

CHAPTER I XA

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO ELECTI ONS

1*[ CHAPTER I XA

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO ELECTI ONS

171A.

" Candi dat e" , " El ect or al r i ght " def i ned.

171A. " Candi dat e" , " El ect or al r i ght " def i ned. - - For t he pur poses
of t hi s Chapt er -

2*[ ( a) " candi dat e" means a per son who has been nomi nat ed as
a candi dat e at any el ect i on; ]

( b) " el ect or al r i ght " means t he r i ght of a per son t o st and,
or not t o st and as, or t o wi t hdr aw f r ombei ng, a candi dat e or t o
vot e or r ef r ai n f r omvot i ng at an el ect i on.

171B.

Br i ber y.

171B. Br i ber y. - - ( 1) Whoever -

( i ) gi ves a gr at i f i cat i on t o any per son wi t h t he obj ect of
i nduci ng hi mor any ot her per son t o exer ci se any el ect or al r i ght
or of r ewar di ng any per son f or havi ng exer ci sed any such r i ght ;
or

( i i ) accept s ei t her f or hi msel f or f or any ot her per son any
gr at i f i cat i on as a r ewar d f or exer ci si ng any such r i ght or f or
i nduci ng or at t empt i ng t o i nduce any ot her per son t o exer ci se any
such r i ght ,

commi t s t he of f ence of br i ber y:

Pr ovi ded t hat a decl ar at i on of publ i c pol i cy or a pr omi se of
publ i c act i on shal l not be an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

( 2) A per son who of f er s, or agr ees t o gi ve, or of f er s or at t empt s
t o pr ocur e, a gr at i f i cat i on shal l be deemed t o gi ve a gr at i f i cat i on.

( 3) A per son who obt ai ns or agr ees t o accept or at t empt s t o
obt ai n a gr at i f i cat i on shal l be deemed t o accept a gr at i f i cat i on, and
a per son who accept s a gr at i f i cat i on as a mot i ve f or doi ng what he
does not i nt end t o do, or as a r ewar d f or doi ng what he has not done,
shal l be deemed t o have accept ed t he gr at i f i cat i on as a r ewar d.

171C.

Undue i nf l uence at el ect i ons.

171C. Undue i nf l uence at el ect i ons. - - ( 1) Whoever vol unt ar i l y
i nt er f er es or at t empt s t o i nt er f er e wi t h t he f r ee exer ci se of any
el ect or al r i ght commi t s t he of f ence of undue i nf l uence at an el ect i on.

( 2) Wi t hout pr ej udi ce t o t he gener al i t y of t he pr ovi si ons of sub-
sect i on ( 1) , whoever -

( a) t hr eat ens any candi dat e or vot er , or any per son i n whom
a candi dat e or vot er i s i nt er est ed, wi t h i nj ur y of any ki nd, or

( b) i nduces or at t empt s t o i nduce a candi dat e or vot er t o
bel i eve t hat he or any per son i n whom he i s i nt er est ed wi l l
become or wi l l be r ender ed an obj ect of Di vi ne di spl easur e or of
spi r i t ual censur e,

shal l be deemed t o i nt er f er e wi t h t he f r ee exer ci se of t he el ect or al
r i ght of such candi dat e or vot er , wi t hi n t he meani ng of sub- sect i on
( 1) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Chapt er I XA was i ns. by Act 39 of 1920, s. 2.
2. Subs. by Act 40 of 1975, s. 9. f or cl . ( a) , ( w. e. f . 6- 8- 1975) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

137

( 3) A decl ar at i on of publ i c pol i cy or a pr omi se of publ i c act i on,
or t he mer e exer ci se or a l egal r i ght wi t hout i nt ent t o i nt er f er e wi t h
an el ect or al r i ght , shal l not be deemed t o be i nt er f er ence wi t hi n t he
meani ng of t hi s sect i on.

171D.

Per sonat i on at el ect i ons.

171D. Per sonat i on at el ect i ons. - - Whoever at an el ect i on appl i es
f or a vot i ng paper on vot es i n t he name of any ot her per son, whet her
l i vi ng or dead, or i n a f i ct i t i ous name, or who havi ng vot ed once at
such el ect i on appl i es at t he same el ect i on f or a vot i ng paper i n hi s
own name, and whoever abet s, pr ocur es or at t empt s t o pr ocur e t he
vot i ng by any per son i n any such way, commi t s t he of f ence of
per sonat i on at an el ect i on.

171E.

Puni shment f or br i ber y.

171E. Puni shment f or br i ber y. - - Whoever commi t s t he of f ence of
br i ber y shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h:

Pr ovi ded t hat br i ber y by t r eat i ng shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne
onl y.

Expl anat i on. - " Tr eat i ng" means t hat f or m of br i ber y wher e t he
gr at i f i cat i on consi st s i n f ood, dr i nk, ent er t ai nment , or pr ovi si on.

171F.

Puni shment f or undue i nf l uence or per sonat i on at an el ect i on.

171F. Puni shment f or undue i nf l uence or per sonat i on at an
el ect i on. - - Whoever commi t s t he of f ence of undue i nf l uence or
per sonat i on at an el ect i on shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one year or wi t h

171G.

Fal se st at ement i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on.

171G. Fal se st at ement i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on. - - Whoever
wi t h i nt ent t o af f ect t he r esul t of an el ect i on makes or publ i shes any
st at ement pur por t i ng t o be a st at ement of f act whi ch i s f al se and
whi ch he ei t her knows or bel i eves t o be f al se or does not bel i eve t o
be t r ue, i n r el at i on t o t he per sonal char act er or conduct of any
candi dat e shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne.

171H.

I l l egal payment s i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on.

171H. I l l egal payment s i n connect i on wi t h an el ect i on. - - Whoever
wi t hout t he gener al or speci al aut hor i t y i n wr i t i ng of a candi dat e
i ncur s or aut hor i zes expenses on account of t he hol di ng of any publ i c
meet i ng, or upon any adver t i sement , ci r cul ar or publ i cat i on, or i n any
ot her way what soever f or t he pur pose of pr omot i ng or pr ocur i ng t he
el ect i on of such candi dat e, shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may
ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees :

Pr ovi ded t hat i f any per son havi ng i ncur r ed any such expenses not
exceedi ng t he amount of t en r upees wi t hout aut hor i t y obt ai ns wi t hi n
t en days f r omt he dat e on whi ch such expenses wer e i ncur r ed t he
appr oval i n wr i t i ng of t he candi dat e, he shal l be deemed t o have
i ncur r ed such expenses wi t h t he aut hor i t y of t he candi dat e.

171- I .

Fai l ur e t o keep el ect i on account s.

171- I . Fai l ur e t o keep el ect i on account s. - - Whoever bei ng r equi r ed
by any l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce or any r ul e havi ng t he f or ce of
l aw t o keep account s of expenses i ncur r ed at or i n connect i on wi t h an
el ect i on f ai l s t o keep such account s shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch
may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees. ]

CHAPTER X

OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORI TY OF PUBLI C SERVANTS

CHAPTER X

OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORI TY OF PUBLI C SERVANTS

172.

Abscondi ng t o avoi d ser vi ce of summons or ot her pr oceedi ng.

172. Abscondi ng t o avoi d ser vi ce of summons or ot her pr oceedi ng. -
Whoever absconds i n or der t o avoi d bei ng ser ved wi t h a summons,
not i ce or or der pr oceedi ng f r omany publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent ,
as such publ i c ser vant , t o i ssue such summons, not i ce or or der , shal l
be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or
wi t h bot h;

or , i f t he summons or not i ce or or der i s t o at t end i n per son or
by agent , or t o pr oduce a document i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, wi t h si mpl e
i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne
whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.

138

173.

Pr event i ng ser vi ce of summons or ot her pr oceedi ng, or pr event i ng
publ i cat i on t her eof .

173. Pr event i ng ser vi ce of summons or ot her pr oceedi ng, or
pr event i ng publ i cat i on t her eof . - - Whoever i n any manner i nt ent i onal l y
pr event s t he ser vi ng on hi msel f , or on any ot her per son, of any
summons, not i ce or or der pr oceedi ng f r om any publ i c ser vant l egal l y
compet ent , such publ i c ser vant , t o i ssue such summons, not i ce or
or der ,

or i nt ent i onal l y pr event s t he l awf ul af f i xi ng t o any pl ace of any
such summons, not i ce or or der ,

or i nt ent i onal l y r emoves any such summons, not i ce or or der f r om
any pl ace t o whi ch i t i s l awf ul l y af f i xed,

or i nt ent i onal l y pr event s t he l awf ul maki ng of any pr ocl amat i on,
under t he aut hor i t y of any publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent , as such
publ i c ser vant , t o di r ect such pr ocl amat i on t o be made,

shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may
ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed
r upees, or wi t h bot h;

or , i f t he summons, not i ce, or der or pr ocl amat i on i s t o at t end i n
per son or by agent , or t o pr oduce a document i n a Cour t of J ust i ce,
wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or
wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.

174.

Non- at t endance i n obedi ence t o an or der f r ompubl i c ser vant .

174. Non- at t endance i n obedi ence t o an or der f r om publ i c
ser vant . - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o at t end i n per son or by an
agent at a cer t ai n pl ace and t i me i n obedi ence t o a summons, not i ce,
or der , or pr ocl amat i on pr oceedi ng f r om any publ i c ser vant l egal l y
compet ent , as such publ i c ser vant , t o i ssue t he same,

i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o at t end at t hat pl ace or t i me, or depar t s
f r omt he pl ace wher e he i s bound t o at t end bef or e t he t i me at whi ch i t
i s l awf ul f or hi mt o depar t ,

shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may

or , i f t he summons, not i ce, or der or pr ocl amat i on i s t o at t end i n
per son or by agent i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end
t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.


( a) A, bei ng l egal l y bound t o appear bef or e t he 1*[ Hi gh Cour t ]
at Cal cut t a, i n obedi ence t o a subpoena i ssui ng f r om t hat Cour t ,
i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o appear . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n
t hi s sect i on.

( b) A, bei ng l egal l y bound t o appear bef or e a 2*[ Di st r i ct
J udge] , as a wi t ness, i n obedi ence t o a summons i ssued by t hat
2*[ Di st r i ct J udge] i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o appear . A has commi t t ed t he

175.

Omi ssi on t o pr oduce document t o publ i c ser vant by per son l egal l y bound
t o pr oduce i t .

175. Omi ssi on t o pr oduce document t o publ i c ser vant by per son
l egal l y bound t o pr oduce i t . - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o pr oduce
or del i ver up any document t o any publ i c ser vant , as such,
i nt ent i onal l y omi t s so t o pr oduce or del i ver up t he same, shal l be
puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one
mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h
bot h;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Supr eme Cour t " .

2. Subs. i bi d. , f or " Zi l a J udge" .

139

or , i f t he document i s t o be pr oduced or del i ver ed up t o a Cour t
of J ust i ce, wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o
si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or
wi t h bot h.

I l l ust r at i on

A, bei ng l egal l y bound t o pr oduce a document bef or e a
1*[ Di st r i ct cour t ] , i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o pr oduce t he same. A has
commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.

176.

Omi ssi on t o gi ve not i ce or i nf or mat i on t o publ i c ser vant by per son
l egal l y bound t o gi ve i t .

176. Omi ssi on t o gi ve not i ce or i nf or mat i on t o publ i c ser vant by
per son l egal l y bound t o gi ve i t . - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o gi ve
any not i ce or t o f ur ni sh i nf or mat i on on any subj ect t o any publ i c
ser vant , as such, i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o gi ve such not i ce or t o
f ur ni sh such i nf or mat i on i n t he manner and at t he t i me r equi r ed by
l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may

or , i f t he not i ce or i nf or mat i on r equi r ed t o be gi ven r espect s
t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or i s r equi r ed f or t he pur pose of
pr event i ng t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or i n or der t o t he
appr ehensi on of an of f ender , wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one
t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h;

2*[ or , i f t he not i ce or i nf or mat i on r equi r ed t o be gi ven i s
r equi r ed by an or der passed under sub- sect i on ( 1) of sect i on 565 of
t he Code of Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e, 1898 ( 5 of 1898) , wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h
f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h. ]

177.

Fur ni shi ng f al se i nf or mat i on.

177. Fur ni shi ng f al se i nf or mat i on. - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound
t o f ur ni sh i nf or mat i on on any subj ect t o any publ i c ser vant , as such,
f ur ni shes, as t r ue, i nf or mat i on on t he subj ect whi ch he knows or has
r eason t o bel i eve t o be f al se shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e
whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h;

or , i f t he i nf or mat i on whi ch he i s l egal l y bound t o gi ve r espect s
t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or i s r equi r ed f or t he pur pose of
pr event i ng t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or i n or der t o t he
appr ehensi on of an of f ender , wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on


( a) A, a l andhol der , knowi ng of t he commi ssi on of a mur der wi t hi n
t he l i mi t s of hi s est at e, wi l f ul l y mi si nf or ms t he Magi st r at e of t he
di st r i ct t hat t he deat h has occur r ed by acci dent i n consequence of t he
bi t e of a snake. A i s gui l t y of t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.

( b) A, a vi l l age wat chman, knowi ng t hat a consi der abl e body of
st r anger s has passed t hr ough hi s vi l l age i n or der t o commi t a dacoi t y
i n t he house of Z, a weal t hy mer chant r esi di ng i n a nei ghbour i ng
pl ace, and bei ng bound under cl ause 5, sect i on VI I , 3*Regul at i on
I I I , 1821, of t he Bengal Code, t o gi ve ear l y and punct ual i nf or mat i on
of t he above f act t o t he of f i cer of t he near est pol i ce st at i on,
wi l f ul l y mi si nf or ms t he pol i ce of f i cer t hat a body of suspi ci ous
char act er s passed t hr ough t he vi l l age wi t h a vi ew t o commi t dacoi t y i n
a cer t ai n di st ant pl ace i n a di f f er ent di r ect i on. Her e A i s gui l t y of
t he of f ence def i ned i n t he l at t er par t of t hi s sect i on.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Zi l a Cour t " .

2. I ns. by Act 22 of 1939, s. 2.

3. Rep. by Act 17 of 1862.

140

1*[ Expl anat i on. - I n sect i on 176 and i n t hi s sect i on t he wor d
" of f ence" i ncl udes any act commi t t ed at any pl ace out of 2*[ I ndi a] ,
whi ch, i f commi t t ed i n 2*[ I ndi a] , woul d be puni shabl e under any of t he
f ol l owi ng sect i ons, namel y, 302, 304, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396,
397, 398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458, 459 and 460; and t he
wor d " of f ender " i ncl udes any per son who i s al l eged t o have been gui l t y
of any such act . ]

178.

Ref usi ng oat h or af f i r mat i on when dul y r equi r ed by publ i c ser vant t o
make i t .

178. Ref usi ng oat h or af f i r mat i on when dul y r equi r ed by publ i c
ser vant t o make i t . - - Whoever r ef uses t o bi nd hi msel f by an oat h 3*[ or
af f i r mat i on] t o st at e t he t r ut h, when r equi r ed so t o bi nd hi msel f by a
publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent t o r equi r e t hat he shal l so bi nd
hi msel f , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch
may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one
t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.

179.

Ref usi ng t o answer publ i c ser vant aut hor i zed t o quest i on.

179. Ref usi ng t o answer publ i c ser vant aut hor i zed t o quest i on. - -
Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound t o st at e t he t r ut h on any subj ect t o any
publ i c ser vant , r ef uses t o answer any quest i on demanded of hi m
t ouchi ng t hat subj ect by such publ i c ser vant i n t he exer ci se of t he
l egal power s of such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e

180.

Ref usi ng t o si gn st at ement .

180. Ref usi ng t o si gn st at ement . - - Whoever r ef uses t o si gn any
st at ement made by hi m, when r equi r ed t o si gn t hat st at ement by a
publ i c ser vant l egal l y compet ent t o r equi r e t hat he shal l si gn t hat
st at ement , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve
hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

181.

Fal se st at ement on oat h or af f i r mat i on t o publ i c ser vant or per son
aut hor i zed t o admi ni st er an oat h or af f i r mat i on.

181. Fal se st at ement on oat h or af f i r mat i on t o publ i c ser vant or
per son aut hor i zed t o admi ni st er an oat h or af f i r mat i on. - - Whoever ,
bei ng l egal l y bound by an oat h 3*[ or af f i r mat i on] t o st at e t he t r ut h
on any subj ect t o any publ i c ser vant or ot her per son aut hor i zed by l aw
t o admi ni st er such oat h 3*[ or af f i r mat i on] , makes, t o such publ i c
ser vant or ot her per son as af or esai d, t ouchi ng t hat subj ect , any
st at ement whi ch i s f al se, and whi ch he ei t her knows or bel i eves t o be
f al se or does not bel i eve t o be t r ue, shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o

182.

Fal se i nf or mat i on, wi t h i nt ent t o cause publ i c ser vant t o use hi s
l awf ul power t o t he i nj ur y of anot her per son.

4*[ 182. Fal se i nf or mat i on, wi t h i nt ent t o cause publ i c ser vant
t o use hi s l awf ul power t o t he i nj ur y of anot her per son. - - Whoever
gi ves t o any publ i c ser vant any i nf or mat i on whi ch he knows or bel i eves
t o be f al se, i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y
t hat he wi l l t her eby cause such publ i c ser vant -

( a) t o do or omi t anyt hi ng whi ch such publ i c ser vant ought
not t o do or omi t i f t he t r ue st at e of f act s r espect i ng whi ch
such i nf or mat i on i s gi ven wer e known by hi m, or

( b) t o use t he l awf ul power of such publ i c ser vant t o t he
i nj ur y or annoyance of any per son,

whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 5

2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and sch. f or " t he St at es" .

3. I ns. by Act 10 of 1873, s. 15.


141


( a) A i nf or ms a Magi st r at e t hat Z, a pol i ce- of f i cer , subor di nat e
t o such Magi st r at e, has been gui l t y of negl ect of dut y or mi sconduct ,
knowi ng such i nf or mat i on t o be f al se, and knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat
t he i nf or mat i on wi l l cause t he Magi st r at e t o di smi ss Z. A has

( b) A f al sel y i nf or ms a publ i c ser vant t hat Z has cont r aband sal t
i n a secr et pl ace, knowi ng such i nf or mat i on t o be f al se, and knowi ng
t hat i t i s l i kel y t hat t he consequence of t he i nf or mat i on wi l l be a
sear ch of Z' s pr emi ses, at t ended wi t h annoyance t o Z. A has commi t t ed
t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.

( c) A f al sel y i nf or ms a pol i ceman t hat he has been assaul t ed and
r obbed i n t he nei ghbour hood of a par t i cul ar vi l l age. He does not
ment i on t he name of any per son as one of hi s assai l ant s, but knows i t
t o be l i kel y t hat i n consequence of t hi s i nf or mat i on t he pol i ce wi l l
make enqui r i es and i nst i t ut e sear ches i n t he vi l l age t o t he annoyance
of t he vi l l ager s or some of t hem. A has commi t t ed an of f ence under
t hi s sect i on. ]

183.

Resi st ance t o t he t aki ng of pr oper t y by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of a
publ i c ser vant .

183. Resi st ance t o t he t aki ng of pr oper t y by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y
of a publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever of f er s any r esi st ance t o t he t aki ng of
any pr oper t y by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of any publ i c ser vant , knowi ng or
havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat he i s such publ i c ser vant , shal l be
ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand

184.

Obst r uct i ng sal e of pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by aut hor i t y of publ i c
ser vant .

184. Obst r uct i ng sal e of pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by aut hor i t y
of publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y obst r uct s any sal e of
pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of any publ i c
ser vant , as such, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne
whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

185.

I l l egal pur chase or bi d f or pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by aut hor i t y of
publ i c ser vant .

185. I l l egal pur chase or bi d f or pr oper t y of f er ed f or sal e by
aut hor i t y of publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever , at any sal e of pr oper t y hel d by
t he l awf ul aut hor i t y of a publ i c ser vant , as such, pur chases or bi ds
f or any pr oper t y on account of any per son, whet her hi msel f or any
ot her , whomhe knows t o be under a l egal i ncapaci t y t o pur chase t hat
pr oper t y at t hat sal e, or bi ds f or such pr oper t y not i nt endi ng t o
per f or mt he obl i gat i ons under whi ch he l ays hi msel f by such bi ddi ng,
whi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo
hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

186.

Obst r uct i ng publ i c ser vant i n di schar ge of publ i c f unct i ons.

186. Obst r uct i ng publ i c ser vant i n di schar ge of publ i c
f unct i ons. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y obst r uct s any publ i c ser vant i n t he
di schar ge of hi s publ i c f unct i ons, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment
of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or
wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

187.

Omi ssi on t o assi st publ i c ser vant when bound by l aw t o gi ve
assi st ance.

187. Omi ssi on t o assi st publ i c ser vant when bound by l aw t o gi ve
assi st ance. - - Whoever , bei ng bound by l aw t o r ender or f ur ni sh
assi st ance t o any publ i c ser vant i n t he execut i on of hi s publ i c dut y,
i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o gi ve such assi st ance, shal l be puni shed wi t h
si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h
f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h;

and i f such assi st ance be demanded of hi m by a publ i c ser vant
l egal l y compet ent t o make such demand f or t he pur poses of execut i ng
any pr ocess l awf ul l y i ssued by a Cour t of J ust i ce, or of pr event i ng
t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, or suppr essi ng a r i ot , or af f r ay, or of
appr ehendi ng a per son char ged wi t h or gui l t y of an of f ence, or of
havi ng escaped f r om l awf ul cust ody, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e

142

188.

Di sobedi ence t o or der dul y pr omul gat ed by publ i c ser vant .

188. Di sobedi ence t o or der dul y pr omul gat ed by publ i c ser vant . - -
Whoever , knowi ng t hat , by an or der pr omul gat ed by a publ i c ser vant
l awf ul l y empower ed t o pr omul gat e such or der , he i s di r ect ed t o abst ai n
f r oma cer t ai n act , or t o t ake cer t ai n or der wi t h cer t ai n pr oper t y i n
hi s possessi on or under hi s management . di sobeys such di r ect i on,

shal l , i f such di sobedi ence causes or t ends t o cause obst r uct i on,
annoyance or i nj ur y, or r i sk of obst r uct i on, annoyance or i nj ur y, t o
any per sons l awf ul l y empl oyed, be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end
t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h:

and i f such di sobedi ence causes or t ends t o cause danger t o human
l i f e, heal t h or saf et y, or causes or t ends t o cause a r i ot or af f r ay,

Expl anat i on. - I t i s not necessar y t hat t he of f ender shoul d i nt end
t o pr oduce har m, or cont empl at e hi s di sobedi ence as l i kel y t o pr oduce
har m. I t i s suf f i ci ent t hat he knows of t he or der whi ch he di sobeys,
and t hat hi s di sobedi ence pr oduces, or i s l i kel y t o pr oduce, har m.

I l l ust r at i on

An or der i s pr omul gat ed by a publ i c ser vant l awf ul l y empower ed t o
pr omul gat ed such or der , di r ect i ng t hat a r el i gi ous pr ocessi on shal l
not pass down a cer t ai n st r eet . A knowi ngl y di sobeys t he or der , and
t her eby causes danger of r i ot . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n
t hi s sect i on.

189.

Thr eat of i nj ur y t o publ i c ser vant .

189. Thr eat of i nj ur y t o publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever hol ds out any
t hr eat of i nj ur y t o any publ i c ser vant , or t o any per son i n whomhe
bel i eves t hat publ i c ser vant t o be i nt er est ed, f or t he pur pose of
i nduci ng t hat publ i c ser vant t o do any act , or t o f or bear or del ay t o
do any act , connect ed wi t h t he exer ci se of t he publ i c f unct i ons of
such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

190.

Thr eat of i nj ur y t o i nduce per son t o r ef r ai n f r om appl yi ng f or
pr ot ect i on t o publ i c ser vant .

190. Thr eat of i nj ur y t o i nduce per son t o r ef r ai n f r om appl yi ng
f or pr ot ect i on t o publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever hol ds out any t hr eat of
i nj ur y t o any per son f or t he pur pose of i nduci ng t hat per son t o
r ef r ai n or desi st f r ommaki ng a l egal appl i cat i on f or pr ot ect i on
agai nst any i nj ur y t o any publ i c ser vant l egal l y empower ed as such t o
gi ve such pr ot ect i on, or t o cause such pr ot ect i on t o be gi ven, shal l
be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch

CHAPTER XI

OF FALSE EVI DENCE AND OFFENCES AGAI NST PUBLI C J USTI CE

CHAPTER XI

OF FALSE EVI DENCE AND OFFENCES AGAI NST PUBLI C J USTI CE

191.

Gi vi ng f al se evi dence.

191. Gi vi ng f al se evi dence. - - Whoever , bei ng l egal l y bound by an
oat h or by an expr ess pr ovi si on of l aw t o st at e t he t r ut h, or bei ng
bound by l aw t o make a decl ar at i on upon any subj ect , makes any
st at ement whi ch i s f al se, and whi ch he ei t her knows or bel i eves t o be
f al se or does not bel i eve t o be t r ue, i s sai d t o gi ve f al se evi dence.

Expl anat i on 1. - A st at ement i s wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on
whet her i t i s made ver bal l y or ot her wi se.

Expl anat i on 2. - A f al se st at ement as t o t he bel i ef of t he per son
at t est i ng i s wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on, and a per son may be
gui l t y of gi vi ng f al se evi dence by st at i ng t hat he bel i eves a t hi ng
whi ch he does not bel i eve, as wel l as by st at i ng t hat he knows a t hi ng
whi ch he does not know.

143


( a) A, i n suppor t of a j ust cl ai m whi ch B has agai nst Z f or one
t housand r upees, f al sel y swear s on a t r i al t hat he hear d Z admi t t he
j ust i ce of B' s cl ai m. A has gi ven f al se evi dence.

( b) A, bei ng bound by an oat h t o st at e t he t r ut h, st at es t hat he
bel i eves a cer t ai n si gnat ur e t o be t he handwr i t i ng of Z, when he does
not bel i eve i t t o be t he handwr i t i ng of Z. Her e A st at es t hat whi ch he
knows t o be f al se, and t her ef or e gi ves f al se evi dence.

( c) A, knowi ng t he gener al char act er of Z' s handwr i t i ng, st at es
t hat he bel i eves a cer t ai n si gnat ur e t o be t he handwr i t i ng of Z; A i n
good f ai t h bel i evi ng i t t o be so. Her e A' s st at ement i s mer el y as t o
hi s bel i ef , and i s t r ue as t o hi s bel i ef , and t her ef or e, al t hough t he
si gnat ur e may not be t he handwr i t i ng of Z, A has not gi ven f al se
evi dence.

( d) A, bei ng bound by an oat h t o st at e t he t r ut h, st at es t hat he
knows t hat Z was at a par t i cul ar pl ace on a par t i cul ar day, not
knowi ng anyt hi ng upon t he subj ect . A gi ves f al se evi dence whet her Z
was at t hat pl ace on t he day named or not .

( e) A, an i nt er pr et er or t r ansl at or , gi ves or cer t i f i es as a t r ue
i nt er pr et at i on or t r ansl at i on of a st at ement or document , whi ch he i s
bound by oat h t o i nt er pr et or t r ansl at e t r ul y, t hat whi ch i s not and
whi ch he does not bel i eve t o be a t r ue i nt er pr et at i on or t r ansl at i on.
A has gi ven f al se evi dence.

192.

Fabr i cat i ng f al se evi dence.

192. Fabr i cat i ng f al se evi dence. - - Whoever causes any ci r cumst ance
t o exi st or makes any f al se ent r y i n any book or r ecor d, or makes any
document cont ai ni ng a f al se st at ement , i nt endi ng t hat such
ci r cumst ance, f al se ent r y or f al se st at ement may appear i n evi dence i n
a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, or i n a pr oceedi ng t aken by l aw bef or e a publ i c
ser vant as such, or bef or e an ar bi t r at or , and t hat such ci r cumst ance,
f al se ent r y or f al se st at ement , so appear i ng i n evi dence, may cause
any per son who i n such pr oceedi ng i s t o f or m an opi ni on upon t he
evi dence, t o ent er t ai n an er r oneous opi ni on t ouchi ng any poi nt
mat er i al t o t he r esul t of such pr oceedi ng i s sai d " t o f abr i cat e f al se
evi dence" .


( a) A put s j ewel s i nt o a box bel ongi ng t o Z, wi t h t he i nt ent i on
t hat t hey may be f ound i n t hat box, and t hat t hi s ci r cumst ance may
cause Z t o be convi ct ed of t hef t . A has f abr i cat ed f al se evi dence.

( b) A makes a f al se ent r y i n hi s shop- book f or t he pur pose of
usi ng i t as cor r obor at i ve evi dence i n a Cour t of J ust i ce. A has
f abr i cat ed f al se evi dence.

( c) A, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng Z t o be convi ct ed of a
cr i mi nal conspi r acy, wr i t es a l et t er i n i mi t at i on of Z' s handwr i t i ng,
pur por t i ng t o be addr essed t o an accompl i ce i n such cr i mi nal
conspi r acy, and put s t he l et t er i n a pl ace whi ch he knows t hat t he
of f i cer s of t he pol i ce ar e l i kel y t o sear ch. A has f abr i cat ed f al se
evi dence.

193.

Puni shment f or f al se evi dence.

193. Puni shment f or f al se evi dence. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y gi ves
f al se evi dence i n any of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, or f abr i cat es f al se
evi dence f or t he pur pose of bei ng used i n any st age of a j udi ci al
pr oceedi ng, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e
t o f i ne;

and whoever i nt ent i onal l y gi ves or f abr i cat es f al se evi dence i n
any ot her case, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so

144

Expl anat i on 1. - A t r i al bef or e a Cour t - mar t i al 1****i s a j udi ci al
pr oceedi ng.

Expl anat i on 2. - An i nvest i gat i on di r ect ed by l aw pr el i mi nar y t o a
pr oceedi ng bef or e a Cour t of J ust i ce, i s a st age of a j udi ci al
pr oceedi ng, t hough t hat i nvest i gat i on may not t ake pl ace bef or e a
Cour t of J ust i ce.

I l l ust r at i on

A, i n an enqui r y bef or e a Magi st r at e f or t he pur pose of
ascer t ai ni ng whet her Z ought t o be commi t t ed f or t r i al , makes on oat h
a st at ement whi ch he knows t o be f al se. As t hi s enqui r y i s a st age of
a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, A as gi ven f al se evi dence.

Expl anat i on 3. - An i nvest i gat i on di r ect ed by a Cour t of J ust i ce
accor di ng t o l aw, and conduct ed under t he aut hor i t y of a Cour t of
J ust i ce, i s a st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, t hough t hat
i nvest i gat i on may not t ake pl ace bef or e a Cour t of J ust i ce.

I l l ust r at i on

A, i n an enqui r y bef or e an of f i cer deput ed by a Cour t of J ust i ce
t o ascer t ai n on t he spot t he boundar i es of l and, makes on oat h a
st at ement whi ch he knows t o be f al se. As t hi s enqui r y i s a st age of a
j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, A has gi ven f al se evi dence.

194.

Gi vi ng or f abr i cat i ng f al se evi dence wi t h i nt ent t o pr ocur e convi ct i on
of capi t al of f ence;

194. Gi vi ng or f abr i cat i ng f al se evi dence wi t h i nt ent t o pr ocur e
convi ct i on of capi t al of f ence. - - Whoever gi ves or f abr i cat es f al se
evi dence, i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat
he wi l l t her eby cause, any per son t o be convi ct ed of an of f ence whi ch
i s capi t al 2*[ by t he l aws f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce i n 3*[ I ndi a] ]
shal l be puni shed wi t h 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous
i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so
be l i abl e t o f i ne;

I f i nnocent per son be t her eby convi ct ed and execut ed.

I f i nnocent per son be t her eby convi cet ed and execut ed. - - and i f an
i nnocent per son be convi ct ed and execut ed i n consequence of such f al se
evi dence, t he per son who gi ves such f al se evi dence shal l be puni shed
ei t her wi t h deat h or t he puni shment her ei nbef or e descr i bed.

195.

Gi vi ng or f abr i cat i ng f al se evi dence wi t h i nt ent t o pr ocur e convi ct i on
of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or i mpr i sonment .

195. Gi vi ng or f abr i cat i ng f al se evi dence wi t h i nt ent t o pr ocur e
convi ct i on of of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or
i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever gi ves or f abr i cat es f al se evi dence i nt endi ng
t her eby t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby
cause, any per son t o be convi ct ed of an of f ence whi ch 2*[ by t he l aw
f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce i n 3*[ I ndi a] ] i s not capi t al , but
puni shabl e wi t h 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment f or a t er m
of seven year s or upwar ds, shal l be puni shed as a per son convi ct ed of
t hat of f ence woul d be l i abl e t o be puni shed.

I l l ust r at i on

A gi ves f al se evi dence bef or e a Cour t of J ust i ce, i nt endi ng
t her eby t o cause Z t o be convi ct ed of a dacoi t y. The puni shment of
dacoi t y i s 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne. A,
t her ef or e, i s l i abl e t o 5*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment ,
wi t h or wi t hout f i ne.

196.

Usi ng evi dence known t o be f al se.

196. Usi ng evi dence known t o be f al se. - - Whoever cor r upt l y uses or
at t empt s t o use as t r ue or genui ne evi dence any evi dence whi ch he
knows t o be f al se or f abr i cat ed, shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner
as i f he gave or f abr i cat ed f al se evi dence.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. The wor ds " or bef or e a Mi l i t ar y Cour t of Request " wer e omi t t ed by
t he Cant onment s Act , 1889 ( 13 of 1889) .

2. Subs. by t he A. O. 1948, f or " by t he l aw of Br i t i sh I ndi a or
Engl and" .


l i f e" .

5. Subs. by s. 117 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or " such t r anspor t at i on" .

145

197.

I ssui ng or si gni ng f al se cer t i f i cat e.

197. I ssui ng or si gni ng f al se cer t i f i cat e. - - Whoever i ssues or
si gns any cer t i f i cat e r equi r ed by l aw t o be gi ven or si gned, or
r el at i ng t o any f act of whi ch such cer t i f i cat e i s by l aw admi ssi bl e i n
evi dence, knowi ng or bel i evi ng t hat such cer t i f i cat e i s f al se i n any
mat er i al poi nt , shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he gave
f al se evi dence.

198.

Usi ng as t r ue a cer t i f i cat e known t o be f al se.

198. Usi ng as t r ue a cer t i f i cat e known t o be f al se. - - Whoever
cor r upt l y uses or at t empt s t o use any such cer t i f i cat e as a t r ue
cer t i f i cat e, knowi ng t he same t o be f al se i n any mat er i al poi nt , shal l
be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he gave f al se evi dence.

199.

Fal se st at ement made i n decl ar at i on whi ch i s by l aw r ecei vabl e as
evi dence.

199. Fal se st at ement made i n decl ar at i on whi ch i s by l aw
r ecei vabl e as evi dence. - - Whoever , i n any decl ar at i on made or
subscr i bed by hi m, whi ch decl ar at i on any Cour t of J ust i ce, or any
publ i c ser vant or ot her per son, i s bound or aut hor i zed by l aw t o
r ecei ve as evi dence of any f act , makes any st at ement whi ch i s f al se,
and whi ch he ei t her knows or bel i eves t o be f al se or does not bel i eve
t o be t r ue, t ouchi ng any poi nt mat er i al t o t he obj ect f or whi ch t he
decl ar at i on i s made or used, shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as
i f he gave f al se evi dence.

200.

Usi ng as t r ue such decl ar at i on knowi ng i t t o be f al se.

200. Usi ng as t r ue such decl ar at i on knowi ng i t t o be f l ase. - -
Whoever cor r upt l y uses or at t empt s t o use as t r ue any such
decl ar at i on, knowi ng t he same t o be f al se i n any mat er i al poi nt , shal l
be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he gave f al se evi dence.

Expl anat i on. - A decl ar at i on whi ch i s i nadmi ssi bl e mer el y upon t he
gr ound of some i nf or mal i t y, i s a decl ar at i on wi t hi n t he meani ng of
sect i ons 199 and 200.

201.

Causi ng di sappear ance of evi dence of of f ence, or gi vi ng f al se
i nf or mat i on t o scr een of f ender .

201. Causi ng di sappear ance of evi dence of of f ence, or gi vi ng
f al se i nf or mat i on t o scr een of f ender . - - Whoever , knowi ng or havi ng
r eason t o bel i eve t hat an of f ence has been commi t t ed, causes any
evi dence of t he commi ssi on of t hat of f ence t o di sappear , wi t h t he
i nt ent i on of scr eeni ng t he of f ender f r om l egal puni shment , or wi t h
t hat i nt ent i on gi ves any i nf or mat i on r espect i ng t he of f ence whi ch he
knows or bel i eves t o be f al se,

i f a capi t al of f ence;

i f a capi t al of f ence. - - shal l , i f t he of f ence whi ch he knows or
bel i eves t o have been commi t t ed i s puni shabl e wi t h deat h, be puni shed
seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;

i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e;

i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. - - and i f t he of f ence i s
puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment
whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and
shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;

i f puni shabl e wi t h l ess t han t en year s' i mpr i sonment .

i f puni shabl e wi t h l ess t han t en year s' i mpr i sonment . - -
and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or any t er m not
ext endi ng t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he
descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er mof t he i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or
t he of f ence, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

I l l ust r at i on

A, knowi ng t hat B has mur der ed Z, assi st s B t o hi de t he body wi t h
t he i nt ent i on of scr eeni ng B f r om puni shment . A i s l i abl e t o
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or seven year s, and al so t o f i ne.

202.

I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o gi ve i nf or mat i on of of f ence by per son bound t o
i nf or m.

202. I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o gi ve i nf or mat i on of of f ence by
per son bound t o i nf or m. - - Whoever , knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve
t hat an of f ence has been commi t t ed, i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o gi ve any
i nf or mat i on r espect i ng t hat of f ence whi ch he i s l egal l y bound t o gi ve,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .

146

203.

Gi vi ng f al se i nf or mat i on r espect i ng an of f ence commi t t ed.

203. Gi vi ng f al se i nf or mat i on r espect i ng an of f ence commi t t ed. - -
Whoever , knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat an of f ence has been
commi t t ed, gi ves any i nf or mat i on r espect i ng t hat of f ence whi ch he
knows or bel i eves t o be f al se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h

1*[ Expl anat i on. - I n spect i ons 201 and 202 and i n t hi s sect i on
t he wor d " of f ence" i ncl udes any act commi t t ed at any pl ace out of
2*[ I ndi a] , whi ch, i f commi t t ed i n 2*[ I ndi a] , woul d be puni shabl e under
any of t he f ol l owi ng sect i ons, namel y, 302, 304, 382, 392, 393, 394,
395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458, 459 and
460. ]

204.

Dest r uct i on of document t o pr event i t s pr oduct i on as evi dence.

204. Dest r uct i on of document t o pr event i t s pr oduct i on as
evi dence. - - Whoever secr et s or dest r oys any document whi ch he may be
l awf ul l y compel l ed t o pr oduce as evi dence i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, or i n
any pr oceedi ng l awf ul l y hel d bef or e a publ i c ser vant , as such, or
obl i t er at es or r ender s i l l egi bl e t he whol e or any par t of such
document wi t h t he i nt ent i on of pr event i ng t he same f r ombei ng pr oduced
or used as evi dence bef or e such Cour t or publ i c ser vant as af or esai d,
or af t er he shal l have been l awf ul l y summoned or r equi r ed t o pr oduce
t he same f or t hat pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of

205.

Fal se per sonat i on f or pur pose of act or pr oceedi ng i n sui t or
pr osecut i on.

205. Fal se per sonat i on f or pur pose of act or pr oceedi ng i n sui t
or pr osecut i on. - - Whoever f al sel y per sonat es anot her , and i n such
assumed char act er makes any admi ssi on or st at ement , or conf esses
j udgment , or causes any pr ocess t o be i ssued or becomes bai l or
secur i t y, or does any ot her act i n any sui t or cr i mi nal pr osecut i on,
whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

206.

Fr audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y t o pr event i t s sei zur e
as f or f ei t ed or i n execut i on.

206. Fr audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y t o pr event i t s
sei zur e as f or f ei t ed or i n execut i on. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y r emoves,
conceal s, t r ansf er s or del i ver s t o any per son any pr oper t y or any
i nt er est t her ei n, i nt endi ng t her eby t o pr event t hat pr oper t y or
i nt er est t her ei n f r ombei ng t aken as a f or f ei t ur e or i n sat i sf act i on
of a f i ne, under a sent ence whi ch has been pr onounced, or whi ch he
knows t o be l i kel y t o be pr onounced, by a Cour t of J ust i ce or ot her
compet ent aut hor i t y, or f r ombei ng t aken i n execut i on of a decr ee or
or der whi ch has been made, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o be made
by a Cour t of J ust i ce i n a ci vi l sui t , shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo

207.

Fr audul ent cl ai mt o pr oper t y t o pr event i t s sei zur e as f or f ei t ed or i n
execut i on.

207. Fr audul ent cl ai m t o pr oper t y t o pr event i t s sei zur e as
f or f ei t ed or i n execut i on. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y accept s, r ecei ves or
cl ai ms any pr oper t y or any i nt er est t her ei n, knowi ng t hat he has no
r i ght or r i ght f ul cl ai mt o such pr oper t y or i nt er est , or pr act i ces any
decept i on t ouchi ng any r i ght t o any pr oper t y or any i nt er est t her ei n,
i nt endi ng t her eby t o pr event t hat pr oper t y or i nt er est t her ei n f r om
bei ng t aken as a f or f ei t ur e or i n sat i sf act i on of a f i ne, under a
sent ence whi ch has been pr onounced, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o
be pr onounced by a Cour t of J ust i ce or ot her compet ent aut hor i t y, or
f r ombei ng t aken i n execut i on of a decr ee or or der whi ch has been
made, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o be made by a Cour t of J ust i ce
i n a ci vi l sui t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 7.


147

208.

Fr audul ent l y suf f er i ng decr ee f or sumnot due.

208. Fr audul ent l y suf f er i ng decr ee f or sum not due. - - Whoever
f r audul ent l y causes or suf f er s a decr ee or or der t o be passed agai nst
hi mat t he sui t of any per son f or a sumnot due or f or a l ar ger sum
t han i s due t o such per son or f or any pr oper t y or i nt er est i n pr oper t y
t o whi ch such per son i s not ent i t l ed, or f r audul ent l y causes or
suf f er s a decr ee or or der t o be execut ed agai nst hi maf t er i t has been
sat i sf i ed, or f or anyt hi ng i n r espect of whi ch i t has been sat i sf i ed,
whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

I l l ust r at i on

A i nst i t ut es a sui t agai nst Z. Z, knowi ng t hat A i s l i kel y t o
obt ai n a decr ee agai nst hi m, f r audul ent l y suf f er s a j udgment t o pass
agai nst hi m f or a l ar ger amount at t he sui t of B, who has no j ust
cl ai m agai nst hi m, i n or der t hat B, ei t her on hi s own account or f or
t he benef i t of Z, may shar e i n t he pr oceeds of any sal e of Z' s
pr oper t y whi ch may be made under A' s decr ee. Z has commi t t ed an
of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

209.

Di shonest l y maki ng f al se cl ai mi n Cour t .

209. Di shonest y maki ng f al se cl ai m i n Cour t . - - Whoever
f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y, or wi t h i nt ent t o i nj ur e or annoy any
per son, makes i n a Cour t of J ust i ce any cl ai m whi ch he knows t o be
f al se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

210.

Fr audul ent l y obt ai ni ng decr ee f or sumnot due.

210. Fr audul ent l y obt ai ni ng decr ee f or sumnot due. - - Whoever
f r audul ent l y obt ai ns a decr ee or or der agai nst any per son f or a sum
not due, or f or a l ar ger sumt han i s due or f or any pr oper t y or
i nt er est i n pr oper t y t o whi ch he i s not ent i t l ed, or f r audul ent l y
causes a decr ee or or der t o be execut ed agai nst any per son af t er i t
has been sat i sf i ed or f or anyt hi ng i n r espect of whi ch i t has been
sat i sf i ed, or f r audul ent l y suf f er s or per mi t s any such act t o be done
i n hi s name, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on

211.

Fal se char ge of of f ence made wi t h i nt ent t o i nj ur e.

211. Fal se char ge of of f ence made wi t h i nt ent t o i nj ur e. - -
Whoever , wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y t o any per son, i nst i t ut es or
causes t o be i nst i t ut ed any cr i mi nal pr oceedi ng agai nst t hat per son,
or f al sel y char ges any per son wi t h havi ng commi t t ed an of f ence,
knowi ng t hat t her e i s no j ust or l awf ul gr ound f or such pr oceedi ng or
char ge agai nst t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
f i ne, or wi t h bot h;

and i f such cr i mi nal pr oceedi ng be i nst i t ut ed on a f al se char ge
of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or
i mpr i sonment f or seven year s or upwar ds, shal l be puni shabl e wi t h

212.

Har bour i ng of f ender - i f a capi t al of f ence, i f puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .

212. Har bour i ng of f ender . - - Whenever an of f ence has been
commi t t ed, whoever har bour s or conceal s a per son whomhe knows or has
r eason t o bel i eve t o be t he of f ender , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of scr eeni ng
hi mf r oml egal puni shment ,


i f a capi t al of f ence; - - shal l , i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h
deat h, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m
whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;

i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .

i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment . - -
and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or
wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed
t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;

and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may
ext end t o one year , and not t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er m
whi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er m of
i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

148

1*[ " Of f ence" i n t hi s sect i on i ncl udes any act commi t t ed at any
pl ace out of 2*[ I ndi a] , whi ch, i f commi t t ed i n 2*[ I ndi a] , woul d be
puni shabl e under any of t he f ol l owi ng sect i ons, namel y, 302, 304, 382,
392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457,
458, 459 and 460; and ever y such act shal l , f or t he pur poses of t hi s
sect i on, be deemed t o be puni shabl e as i f t he accused per son had been
gui l t y of i t i n 2*[ I ndi a] . ]

Except i on. - Thi s pr ovi si on shal l not ext end t o any case i n whi ch
t he har bour or conceal ment i s by t he husband or wi f e of t he of f ender .

I l l ust r at i on

A, knowi ng t hat B has commi t t ed dacoi t y, knowi ngl y conceal s B i n
or der t o scr een hi mf r oml egal puni shment . Her e, as B i s l i abl e t o
3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , A i s l i abl e t o i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t hr ee year s, and i s al so l i abl e
t o f i ne.

213.

Taki ng gi f t , et c. , t o scr een an of f ender f r ompuni shment - i f a capi t al
of f ence; i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h
i mpr i sonment .

213. Taki ng gi f t , et c. , t o scr een an of f ender f r ompuni shment - - Whoever
accept s or at t empt s t o obt ai n, or agr ees t o accept , any gr at i f i cat i on
f or hi msel f or any ot her per son, or any r est i t ut i on of pr oper t y t o
hi msel f or any ot her per son, i n consi der at i on of hi s conceal i ng an
of f ence or of hi s scr eeni ng any per son f r oml egal puni shment f or any
of f ence, or of hi s not pr oceedi ng agai nst any per son f or t he pur pose
of br i ngi ng hi mt o l egal puni shment ,


i f a capi t al of f ence; - shal l , i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h
whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;


i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment . - -
and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or

and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment not ext endi ng
t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on
pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one f our t h
par t of t he l ongest t er mof i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or
wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

214.

Of f er i ng gi f t or r est or at i on of pr oper t y i n consi der at i on of scr eeni ng
of f ender - i f a capi t al of f ence; i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or
l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .

214. Of f er i ng gi f t or r est or at i on of pr oper t y i n consi der at i on of
scr eeni ng of f ender . - - Whoever gi ves or causes, or of f er s or agr ees t o
gi ve or cause, any gr at i f i cat i on t o any per son, or 4*[ r est or es or
causes t he r est or at i on of ] any pr oper t y t o any per son, i n
consi der at i on of t hat per son' s conceal i ng an of f ence, or of hi s
scr eeni ng any per son f r oml egal puni shment f or any of f ence, or of hi s
not pr oceedi ng agai nst any per son f or t he pur pose of br i ngi ng hi mt o
l egal puni shment ,


i f a capi t al of f ence; - shal l , i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h


i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment . -
and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 7.


l i f e" .

4. Subs. by Act 42 of 1953, s. 4 and t he Thi r d Sch. , f or " t o r est or e
or cause t he r est or at i on of " .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

149

and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment not ext endi ng
t o t en year s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on
pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h
par t of t he l ongest t er mof i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or

1*[ Except i on. - The pr ovi si ons of sect i ons 213 and 214 do not
ext end t o any case i n whi ch t he of f ence may l awf ul l y be compounded. ]

2* * * * *

215.

Taki ng gi f t t o hel p t o r ecover st ol en pr oper t y, et c.

215. Taki ng gi f t t o hel p t o r ecover st ol en pr oper t y, et c. - -
Whoever t akes or agr ees or consent s t o t ake any gr at i f i cat i on under
pr et ence or on account of hel pi ng any per son t o r ecover any movabl e
pr oper t y of whi ch he shal l have been depr i ved by any of f ence
puni shabl e under t hi s Code, shal l , unl ess he uses al l means i n hi s
power t o cause t he of f ender t o be appr ehended and convi ct ed of t he
of f ence, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

216.

Har bour i ng of f ender who has escaped f r omcust ody or whose appr ehensi on
has been or der ed- i f a capi t al of f ence; i f puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment .

216. Har bour i ng of f ender who has escaped f r omcust ody or whose
appr ehensi on has been or der ed. - - Whenever any per son convi ct ed of or
char ged wi t h an of f ence, bei ng i n l awf ul cust ody f or t hat of f ence,
escapes f r omsuch cust ody,

or whenever a publ i c ser vant , i n t he exer ci se of t he l awf ul
power s of such publ i c ser vant , or der s a cer t ai n per son t o be
appr ehended f or an of f ence, whoever , knowi ng of such escape or or der
f or appr ehensi on, har bour s or conceal s t hat per son wi t h t he i nt ent i on
of pr event i ng hi mf r ombei ng appr ehended, shal l be puni shed i n t he
manner f ol l owi ng, t hat i s t o say,


i f a capi t al of f ence; - - i f t he of f ence f or whi ch t he per son was i n
cust ody or i s or der ed t o be appr ehended i s puni shabl e wi t h deat h, he


i f puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, or wi t h i mpr i sonment . -
i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or
i mpr i sonment f or t en year s, he shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, wi t h or
wi t hout f i ne;

and i f t he of f ence i s puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may
ext end t o one year and not t o t en year s, he shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of t he descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence f or a t er m
whi ch may ext end t o one- f our t h par t of t he l ongest t er m of t he
i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or such of f ence or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

4*[ " Of f ence" i n t hi s sect i on i ncl udes al so any act or omi ssi on
of whi ch a per son i s al l eged t o have been gui l t y out of 5*[ I ndi a] ,
whi ch, i f he had been gui l t y of i t i n 5*[ I ndi a] , woul d have been
puni shabl e as an of f ence, and f or whi ch he i s, under any l aw r el at i ng
t o ext r adi t i on, 6*or ot her wi se l i abl e t o be appr ehended or det ai ned
i n cust ody i n 5*[ I ndi a] , and ever y such act or omi ssi on shal l , f or
t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on, be deemed t o be puni shabl e as i f t he
accused per son had been gui l t y of i t i n 5*[ I ndi a] . ]

Except i on. - The pr ovi si on does not ext end t o t he case i n whi ch
t he har bour or conceal ment i s by t he husband or wi f e of t he per son t o
be appr ehended.

216A.

Penal t y f or har bour i ng r obber s or dacoi t s.

7*[ 216A. Penal t y f or har bour i ng r obber s or dacoi t s. - - Whoever ,
knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat any per sons ar e about t o
commi t or have r ecent l y commi t t ed r obber y or dacoi t y,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 6, f or t he or i gi nal Except i on.
2. I l l ust r at i on r ep. by Act 10 of 1882, s. 2 and Sch. I .
l i f e" .
4. I ns. by Act 10 of 1886, s. 23.
6. The wor ds " or under t he Fugi t i ve Of f ender s Act , 1881" omi t t ed by
s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d.
7. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 8.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

150

har bour s t hemor any of t hem, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of f aci l i t at i ng t he
commi ssi on of such r obber y or dacoi t y or of scr eeni ng t hem or any of
t hemf r ompuni shment , shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o
f i ne.

Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on i t i s i mmat er i al
whet her t he r obber y or dacoi t y i s i nt ended t o be commi t t ed, or has
been commi t t ed, wi t hi n or wi t hout 1*[ I ndi a] .

Except i on. - Thi s pr ovi si on does not ext end t o t he case i n whi ch
t he har bour i s by t he husband or wi f e of t he of f ender . ]

216B.

[ Repeal ed. ]

2*[ 216B. Def i ni t i on of " har bour " i n sect i ons 212, 216 and
216A. ] Rep. by t he I ndi an Penal Code ( Amendment ) Act , 1942 ( 8 of
1942) , s. 3.

217.

Publ i c ser vant di sobeyi ng di r ect i on of l aw wi t h i nt ent t o save per son
f r ompuni shment or pr oper t y f r omf or f ei t ur e.

217. Publ i c ser vant di sobeyi ng di r ect i on of l aw wi t h i nt ent t o
save per son f r ompuni shment or pr oper t y f r om f or f ei t ur e. - - Whoever ,
bei ng a publ i c ser vant , knowi ngl y di sobeys any di r ect i on of t he l aw as
t o t he way i n whi ch he i s t o conduct hi msel f as such publ i c ser vant ,
i nt endi ng t her eby t o save, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l
t her eby save, any per son f r oml egal puni shment , or subj ect hi mt o a
l ess puni shment t han t hat t o whi ch he i s l i abl e, or wi t h i nt ent t o
save, or knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o save, any pr oper t y f r om
f or f ei t ur e or any char ge t o whi ch i t i s l i abl e by l aw, shal l be
ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

218.

Publ i c ser vant f r ami ng i ncor r ect r ecor d or wr i t i ng wi t h i nt ent t o save
per son f r ompuni shment or pr oper t y f r omf or f ei t ur e.

218. Publ i c ser vant f r ami ng i ncor r ect r ecor d or wr i t i ng wi t h
i nt ent t o save per son f r ompuni shment or pr oper t y f r omf or f ei t ur e. - -
Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , and bei ng as such publ i c ser vant ,
char ged wi t h t he pr epar at i on of any r ecor d or ot her wr i t i ng, f r ames
t hat r ecor d or wr i t i ng i n a manner whi ch he knows t o be i ncor r ect ,
wi t h i nt ent t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby
cause, l oss or i nj ur y t o t he publ i c or t o any per son, or wi t h i nt ent
t her eby t o save, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby save,
any per son f r oml egal puni shment , or wi t h i nt ent t o save, or knowi ng
t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o save, any pr oper t y f r om f or f ei t ur e or
ot her char ge t o whi ch i t i s l i abl e by l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h

219.

Publ i c ser vant i n j udi ci al pr oceedi ng cor r upt l y maki ng r epor t , et c. ,
cont r ar y t o l aw.

219. Publ i c ser vant i n j udi ci al pr oceedi ng cor r upt l y maki ng
r epor t , et c. , cont r ar y t o l aw. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant ,
cor r upt l y or mal i ci ousl y makes or pr onounces i n any st age of a
j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, any r epor t , or der , ver di ct , or deci si on whi ch he
knows t o be cont r ar y t o l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h

220.

Commi t ment f or t r i al or conf i nement by per son havi ng aut hor i t y who
knows t hat he i s act i ng cont r ar y t o l aw.

220. Commi t ment f or t r i al or conf i nement by per son havi ng
aut hor i t y who knows t hat he i s act i ng cont r ar y t o l aw. - - Whoever , bei ng
i n any of f i ce whi ch gi ves hi ml egal aut hor i t y t o commi t per sons f or
t r i al or t o conf i nement , or t o keep per sons i n conf i nement , cor r upt l y
or mal i ci ousl y commi t s any per son f or t r i al or t o conf i nement , or
keeps any per son i n conf i nement , i n t he exer ci se of t hat aut hor i t y,
knowi ng t hat i n so doi ng he i s act i ng cont r ar y t o l aw, shal l be
ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

221.

I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o appr ehend on t he par t of publ i c ser vant bound
t o appr ehend.

221. I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o appr ehend on t he par t of publ i c
ser vant bound t o appr ehend. - - Whoever , bei ng a pubi c ser vant , l egal l y
bound as such publ i c ser vant t o appr ehend or t o keep i n conf i nement
any per son char ged wi t h or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or an of f ence,
i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o appr ehend such per son, or i nt ent i onal l y suf f er s
such per son t o escape, or i nt ent i onal l y ai ds such per son i n escapi ng
or at t empt i ng t o escape f r om such conf i nement , shal l be puni shed as
f ol l ows, t hat i s t o say: -

wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may
ext end t o seven year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n
conf i nement , or who ought t o have been appr ehended, was char ged wi t h,
or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or , an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h; or
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2. I ns. by Act 3 of 1894, s. 8.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

151

wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may
ext end t o t hr ee year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n
or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or , an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h
1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end
t o t en year s; or

ext end t o t wo year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n
or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or , an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or a t er ml ess t han t en year s.

222.

I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o appr ehend on t he par t of publ i c ser vant bound
t o appr ehend per son under sent ence or l awf ul l y commi t t ed.

222. I nt ent i onal omi ssi on t o appr ehend on t he par t of publ i c
ser vant bound t o appr ehend per son under sent ence or l awf ul l y
commi t t ed. - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , l egal l y bound as such
publ i c ser vant t o appr ehend or t o keep i n conf i nement any per son under
sent ence of a Cour t of J ust i ce f or any of f ence 2*[ or l awf ul l y
commi t t ed t o cust ody] , i nt ent i onal l y omi t s t o appr ehend such per son,
or i nt ent i onal l y suf f er s such per son t o escape or i nt ent i onal l y ai ds
such per son i n escapi ng or at t empt i ng t o escape f r omsuch conf i nement ,
shal l be puni shed as f ol l ows, t hat i s t o say: -

wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f our t een year s, wi t h or
wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n conf i nement , or who ought t o have been
appr ehended, i s under sent ence of deat h; or

wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may
ext end t o seven year s, wi t h or wi t hout f i ne, i f t he per son i n
conf i nement , or who, ought t o have been appr ehended, i s subj ect , by a
sent ence of a Cour t of J ust i ce, or by vi r t ue of a commut at i on of such
sent ence, t o 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] 3*** 4*** 5*** 6*** or
i mpr i sonment f or a t er mof t en year s or upwar ds; or

ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h, i f t he per son i n
conf i nement , or who ought t o have been appr ehended i s subj ect , by a
sent ence of a Cour t of J ust i ce, t o i mpr i sonment f or a t er m not
ext endi ng t o t en year s 2*[ or i f t he per son was l awf ul l y commi t t ed t o
cust ody] .

223.

Escape f r omconf i nement or cust ody negl i gent l y suf f er ed by publ i c
ser vant .

223. Escape f r om conf i nement or cust ody negl i gent l y suf f er ed by
publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant l egal l y bound as such
publ i c ser vant t o keep i n conf i nement any per son char ged wi t h or
convi ct ed of any of f ence 2*[ or l awf ul l y commi t t ed t o cust ody] ,
negl i gent l y suf f er s such per son t o escape f r omconf i nement , shal l be
puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo

224.

Resi st ance or obst r uct i on by a per son t o hi s l awf ul appr ehensi on.

224. Resi st ance or obst r uct i on by a per son t o hi s l awf ul
appr ehensi on. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y of f er s any r esi st ance or i l l egal
obst r uct i on t o t he l awf ul appr ehensi on of hi msel f f or any of f ence wi t h
whi ch he i s char ged or of whi ch he has been convi ct ed, or escapes or
at t empt s t o escape f r omany cust ody i n whi ch he i s l awf ul l y det ai ned
f or any such of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

Expl anat i on. - The puni shment i n t hi s sect i on i s i n addi t i on t o t he
puni shment f or whi ch t he per son t o be appr ehended or det ai ned i n
cust ody was l i abl e f or t he of f ence wi t h whi ch he was char ged, or of
whi ch he was convi ct ed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .

2. I ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 8.
3. The wor ds " or penal ser vi t ude f or l i f e" omi t t ed by Act 17 of
1949, s. 2.
4. The wor ds " or t o" omi t t ed by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I .
5. The wor d " t r anspor t at i on" omi t t ed by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and
Sch.
6. The wor ds " or penal ser vi t ude" omi t t ed by Act 17 of 1949, s. 2.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

152

225.

Resi st ance or obst r uct i on t o l awf ul appr ehensi on of anot her per son.

225. Resi st ance or obst r uct i on t o l awf ul appr ehensi on of anot her
per son. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y of f er s any r esi st ance or i l l egal
obst r uct i on t o t he l awf ul appr ehensi on of any ot her per son f or an
of f ence, or r escues or at t empt s t o r escue any ot her per son f r omany
cust ody i n whi ch t hat per son i s l awf ul l y det ai ned f or an of f ence,
whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h;

or , i f t he per son t o be appr ehended, or t he per son r escued or
at t empt ed t o be r escued, i s char ged wi t h or l i abl e t o be appr ehended
f or an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or
i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l be
ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;

or , i f t he per son t o be appr ehended or r escued, or at t empt ed t o
be r escued, i s char ged wi t h or l i abl e t o be appr ehended f or an of f ence
puni shabl e wi t h deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
be l i abl e t o f i ne;

be r escued, i s l i abl e under t he sent ence of a Cour t of J ust i ce, or by
vi r t ue of a commut at i on of such a sent ence, t o 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or
l i f e] , 2*** 3*** 4*** or i mpr i sonment , f or a t er mof t en year s or
upwar ds, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o
f i ne;

be r escued, i s under sent ence of deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h
1[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

225A.

Omi ssi on t o appr ehend, or suf f er ance of escape, on par t of publ i c
ser vant , i n cases not ot her wi se, pr ovi ded f or .

5*[ 225A. Omi ssi on t o appr ehend, or suf f er ance of escape, on
par t of publ i c ser vant , i n cases not ot her wi se, pr ovi ded f or . - -
Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant l egal l y bound as such publ i c ser vant
t o appr ehend, or t o keep i n conf i nement , any per son i n any case not
pr ovi ded f or i n sect i on 221, sect i on 222 or sect i on 223, or i n any
ot her l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce, omi t s t o appr ehend t hat per son
or suf f er s hi mt o escape f r omconf i nement , shal l be puni shed-

( a) i f he does so i nt ent i onal l y, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h
f i ne or wi t h bot h; and

( b) i f he does so negl i gent l y, wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

225B.

Resi st ance or obst r uct i on t o l awf ul appr ehensi on, or escape or r escue
i n cases not ot her wi se pr ovi ded f or .

225B. Resi st ance or obst r uct i on t o l awf ul appr ehensi on, or escape
or r escue i n cases not ot her wi se pr ovi ded f or . - - Whoever , i n any case
not pr ovi ded f or i n sect i on 224 or sect i on 225 or i n any ot her l aw f or
t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce, i nt ent i onal l y of f er s any r esi st ance or
i l l egal obst r uct i on t o t he l awf ul appr ehensi on of hi msel f or of any
ot her per son, or escapes or at t empt s t o escape f r omany cust ody i n
whi ch he i s l awf ul l y det ai ned, or r escues or at t empt s t o r escue any
ot her per son f r om any cust ody i n whi ch t hat per son i s l awf ul l y
det ai ned, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h
bot h. ]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
2. The wor ds " or t o" omi t t ed by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch. I I .
3. The wor d " t r anspor t at i on" omi t t ed by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and
Sch.
4. The wor ds " penal ser vi t ude" r ep. by Act 17 of 1949, s. 2.
5. Ss. 225A and 225B wer e subs. by Act 10 of 1886, s. 24( 1) , f or s.
225A, whi ch had been i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 9.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

153

226.

[ Repeal ed. ]

226. [ Unl awf ul r et ur n f r omt r anspor t at i on. ] Rep. by t he Code of
Cr i mi nal Pr ocedur e ( Amendment ) Act , 1955 ( 26 of 1955) , s. 117 and Sch.

227.

Vi ol at i on of condi t i on of r emi ssi on of puni shment .

227. Vi ol at i on of condi t i on of r emi ssi on of puni shment . - - Whoever ,
havi ng accept ed any condi t i onal r emi ssi on of puni shment , knowi ngl y
vi ol at es any condi t i on on whi ch such r emi ssi on was gr ant ed, shal l be
puni shed wi t h t he puni shment t o whi ch he was or i gi nal l y sent enced, i f
he has al r eady suf f er ed no par t of t hat puni shment , and i f he has
suf f er ed any par t of t hat puni shment , t hen wi t h so much of t hat
puni shment as he has not al r eady suf f er ed.

228.

I nt ent i onal i nsul t or i nt er r upt i on t o publ i c ser vant si t t i ng i n
j udi ci al pr oceedi ng.

228. I nt ent i onal i nsul t or i nt er r upt i on t o publ i c ser vant si t t i ng
i n j udi ci al pr oceedi ng. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y of f er s any i nsul t , or
causes any i nt er r upt i on t o any publ i c ser vant , whi l e such publ i c
ser vant i s si t t i ng i n any st age of a j udi ci al pr oceedi ng, shal l be
puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x
mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h
bot h.

228A.

Di scl osur e of i dent i t y of t he vi ct i mof cer t ai n of f ences, et c.

1*[ 228A. Di scl osur e of i dent i t y of t he vi ct i m of cer t ai n
of f ences, et c. - - ( 1) Whoever pr i nt s or publ i shes t he name or any mat t er
whi ch may make known t he i dent i t y of any per son agai nst whoman
of f ence under sect i on 376, sect i on 376A, sect i on 376B, sect i on 376C or
sect i on 376D i s al l eged or f ound t o have been commi t t ed ( her eaf t er i n
t hi s sect i on r ef er r ed t o as t he vi ct i m) shal l be puni shed wi t h
year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

( 2) Not hi ng i n sub- sect i on ( 1) ext ends t o any pr i nt i ng or
publ i cat i on of t he name or any mat t er whi ch may make known t he
i dent i t y of t he vi ct i mi f such pr i nt i ng or publ i cat i on i s-

( a) by or under t he or der i n wr i t i ng of t he of f i cer - i n-
char ge of t he pol i ce st at i on or t he pol i ce of f i cer maki ng t he
i nvest i gat i on i nt o such of f ence act i ng i n good f ai t h f or t he
pur poses of such i nvest i gat i on; or

( b) by, or wi t h t he aut hor i sat i on i n wr i t i ng of , t he vi ct i m;
or

( c) wher e t he vi ct i mi s dead or mi nor or of unsound mi nd,
by, or wi t h t he aut hor i sat i on i n wr i t i ng of , t he next - of - ki n of
t he vi ct i m:

Pr ovi ded t hat no such aut hor i sat i on shal l be gi ven by t he next -
of - ki n t o anybody ot her t han t he chai r man or t he secr et ar y, by
what ever name cal l ed, of any r ecogni sed wel f ar e i nst i t ut i on or
or gani sat i on.

Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sub- sect i on, " r ecogni sed
wel f ar e i nst i t ut i on or or gani sat i on" means a soci al wel f ar e
i nst i t ut i on or or gani sat i on r ecogni sed i n t hi s behal f by t he Cent r al
or St at e Gover nment .

( 3) Whoever pr i nt s or publ i shes any mat t er i n r el at i on t o any
pr oceedi ng bef or e a cour t wi t h r espect t o an of f ence r ef er r ed t o i n
sub- sect i on ( 1) wi t hout t he pr evi ous per mi ssi on of such cour t shal l be
puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may
ext end t o t wo year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

Expl anat i on. - The pr i nt i ng or publ i cat i on of t he j udgment of any
Hi gh Cour t or t he Supr eme Cour t does not amount t o an of f ence wi t hi n
t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on. ]

229.

Per sonat i on of a j ur or or assessor .

229. Per sonat i on of a j ur or or assessor . - - Whoever , by per sonat i on
or ot her wi se, shal l i nt ent i onal l y cause, or knowi ngl y suf f er hi msel f
t o be r et ur ned, empanel l ed or swor n as a j ur yman or assessor i n any
case i n whi ch he knows t hat he i s not ent i t l ed by l aw t o be so
r et ur ned, empanel l ed or swor n, or knowi ng hi msel f t o have been so
r et ur ned, empanel l ed or swor n cont r ar y t o l aw, shal l vol unt ar i l y ser ve
on such j ur y or as such assessor , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment
of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 43 of 1983, s. 2 ( w. e. f . 25- 12- 1983) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

154

CHAPTER XI I

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO COI N AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS

CHAPTER XI I

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO COI N AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS

230.

" Coi n" def i ned.

230. " Coi n" def i ned. - - 1*[ Coi n i s met al used f or t he t i me bei ng
as money, and st amped and i ssued by t he aut hor i t y of some St at e or
Sover ei gn Power i n or der t o be so used. ]

I ndi an coi n

I ndi an coi n- - 2*[ I ndi an coi n i s met al st amped and i ssued by t he
aut hor i t y of t he Gover nment of I ndi a i n or der t o be used as money; and
met al whi ch has been so st amped and i ssued shal l cont i nue t o be I ndi an
coi n f or t he pur poses of t hi s Chapt er , not wi t hst andi ng t hat i t may
have ceased t o be used as money. ]


( a) Cowr i es ar e not coi n.

( b) Lumps of unst amped copper , t hough used as money, ar e not
coi n.

( c) Medal s ar e not coi n, i nasmuch as t hey ar e not i nt ended t o be
used as money.

( d) The coi n denomi nat ed as t he Company' s r upee i s 3[ I ndi an
coi n] .

4*( e) The " Far ukhabad r upee" , whi ch was f or mer l y used as
money under t he aut hor i t y of t he Gover nment of I ndi a, i s
3[ I ndi an coi n] al t hough i t i s no l onger so used. ]

231.

Count er f ei t i ng coi n.

231. Count er f ei t i ng coi n. - - Whoever count er f ei t s or knowi ngl y
per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of count er f ei t i ng coi n, shal l be
ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

Expl anat i on. - A per son commi t s t hi s of f ence who i nt endi ng t o
pr act i se decept i on, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat decept i on wi l l
t her eby be pr act i sed, causes a genui ne coi n t o appear l i ke a di f f er ent
coi n.

232.

Count er f ei t i ng I ndi an coi n.

232. Count er f ei t i ng I ndi an coi n. - - Whoever count er f ei t s, or
knowi ngl y per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of count er f ei t i ng
3*[ I ndi an coi n] , shal l be puni shed wi t h 5*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] ,
or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end
t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

233.

Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng coi n.

233. Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng coi n. - -
Whoever makes or mends, or per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of maki ng
or mendi ng, or buys, sel l s or di sposes of , any di e or i nst r ument , f or
t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat
i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or t he pur pose of count er f ei t i ng coi n,
whi ch may ext ended t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

234.

Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng I ndi an coi n.

234. Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng I ndi an
coi n. - - Whoever makes or mends, or per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of
maki ng or mendi ng or buys, sel l s or di sposes of , any di e or
i nst r ument , f or t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason
t o bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or t he pur pose of
count er f ei t i ng 3[ I ndi an coi n] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and
shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 19 of 1872, s. 1, f or t he or i gi nal par agr aph.
2. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or t he f or mer par agr aph.
3. Subs. , i bi d. , f or " t he Queen' s coi n" .
4. I ns. by Act 6 of 1896, s. 1( 2) .
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

155

235.

Possessi on of i nst r ument or mat er i al f or t he pur pose of usi ng t he
same f or count er f ei t i ng coi n.

235. Possessi on of i nst r ument or mat er i al f or t he pur pose of
usi ng t he same f or count er f ei t i ng coi n. - - Whoever i s i n possessi on of
any i nst r ument or mat er i al , f or t he pur pose of usi ng t he same f or
count er f ei t i ng coi n, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat t he
same i s i nt ended t o be used f or t hat pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h

i f I ndi an coi n.

i f I ndi an coi n. - - and i f t he coi n t o be count er f ei t ed i s
1*[ I ndi an coi n] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so

236.

Abet t i ng i n I ndi a t he count er f ei t i ng out of I ndi a of coi n.

236. Abet t i ng i n I ndi a t he count er f ei t i ng out of I ndi a of coi n. - -
Whoever , bei ng wi t hi n 2*[ I ndi a] abet s t he count er f ei t i ng of coi n
out of 2*[ I ndi a] shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he abet t ed
t he count er f ei t i ng of such coi n wi t hi n 2*[ I ndi a] .

237.

I mpor t or expor t of count er f ei t coi n.

237. I mpor t or expor t of count er f ei t coi n. - - Whoever i mpor t s i nt o
2*[ I ndi a] , or expor t s t her ef r om, any count er f ei t coi n, knowi ngl y or
havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat t he same i s count er f ei t , shal l be
ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

238.

I mpor t or expor t of count er f ei t s of t he I ndi an coi n.

238. I mpor t or expor t of count er f ei t s of t he I ndi an coi n. - -
Whoever i mpor t s i nt o 2*[ I ndi a] , or expor t s t her ef r om, any
count er f ei t coi n, whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be a
count er f ei t of 1*[ I ndi an coi n] , shal l be puni shed wi t h
3*[ I mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f i ne.

239.

Del i ver y of coi n possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s count er f ei t .

239. Del i ver y of coi n possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s
count er f ei t . - - Whoever , havi ng any count er f ei t coi n, whi ch at t he t i me
when he became possessed of i t , he knew t o be count er f ei t ,
f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, del i ver s t he
same t o any per sons or at t empt s t o i nduce any per son t o r ecei ve i t ,
whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

240.

Del i ver y of I ndi an coi n, possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s
count er f ei t .

240. Del i ver y of I ndi an coi n, possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s
count er f ei t . - - Whoever havi ng any count er f ei t coi n, whi ch i s a
count er f ei t of 1*[ I ndi an coi n] , and whi ch, at t he t i me when he became
possessed of i t , he knew t o be a count er f ei t of 1*[ I ndi an coi n] ,
f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, del i ver s t he
same t o any per son, or at t empt s t o i nduce any per son t o r ecei ve i t ,
whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

241.

Del i ver y of coi n as genui ne, whi ch, when f i r st possessed, t he
del i ver er di d not know t o be count er f ei t .

241. Del i ver y of coi n as genui ne, whi ch, when f i r st possessed,
t he del i ver er di d not know t o be count er f ei t . - - Whoever del i ver s t o any
ot her per son as genui ne, or at t empt s t o i nduce any ot her per son t o
r ecei ve as genui ne, any count er f ei t coi n whi ch he knows t o be
count er f ei t , but whi ch he di d not know t o be count er f ei t at t he t i me
when he t ook i t i nt o hi s possessi on, shal l be puni shed wi t h
year s, or wi t h f i ne t o an amount whi ch may ext end t o t en t i mes t he
val ue of t he coi n count er f ei t ed, or wi t h bot h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he Queen' s coi n" .

2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951 s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es" .

l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

156

I l l ust r at i on

A, a coi ner , del i ver s count er f ei t Company' s r upees t o hi s
accompl i ce B, f or t he pur pose of ut t er i ng t hem. B sel l s t he r upees t o
C, anot her ut t er er , who buys t hemknowi ng t hem t o be count er f ei t . C
pays away t he r upees f or goods t o D, who r ecei ves t hem, not knowi ng
t hemt o be count er f ei t . D, af t er r ecei vi ng t he r upees, di scover s t hat
t hey ar e count er f ei t and pays t hemaway as i f t hey wer e good. Her e D
i s puni shabl e onl y under t hi s sect i on, but B and C ar e puni shabl e
under sect i on 239 or 240, as t he case may be.

242.

Possessi on of count er f ei t coi n by per son who knew i t t o be count er f ei t
when he became possessed t her eof .

242. Possessi on of count er f ei t coi n by per son who knew i t t o be
count er f ei t when he became possessed t her eof . - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y
or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, i s i n possessi on of
count er f ei t coi n, havi ng known at t he t i me when he became possessed
t her eof t hat such coi n was count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h

243.

Possessi on of I ndi an coi n by per son who knew i t t o be count er f ei t when
he became possessed t her eof .

243. Possessi on of I ndi an coi n by per son who knew i t t o be
count er f ei t when he became possessed t her eof . - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y
or wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, i s i n possessi on of
count er f ei t coi n, whi ch i s a count er f ei t of 1*[ I ndi an coi n] , havi ng
known at t he t i me when he became possessed of i t t hat i t was
count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
t o f i ne.

244.

Per son empl oyed i n mi nt causi ng coi n t o be of di f f er ent wei ght or
composi t i on f r omt hat f i xed by l aw.

244. Per son empl oyed i n mi nt causi ng coi n t o be of di f f er ent
wei ght or composi t i on f r omt hat f i xed by l aw. - - Whoever , bei ng empl oyed
i n any mi nt l awf ul l y est abl i shed i n 2*[ I ndi a] , does any act , or omi t s
what he i s l egal l y bound t o do, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng any coi n
i ssued f r omt hat mi nt t o be of a di f f er ent wei ght or composi t i on f r om
t he wei ght or composi t i on f i xed by l aw, shal l be puni shed wi t h

245.

Unl awf ul l y t aki ng coi ni ng i nst r ument f r ommi nt .

245. Unl awf ul l y t aki ng coi ni ng i nst r ument f r om mi nt . - - Whoever ,
wi t hout l awf ul aut hor i t y, t akes out of any mi nt , l awf ul l y est abl i shed
i n 2[ I ndi a] , any coi ni ng t ool or i nst r ument , shal l be puni shed wi t h

246.

Fr audul ent l y or di shonest l y di mi ni shi ng wei ght or al t er i ng composi t i on
of coi n.

246. Fr audul ent l y or di shonest l y di mi ni shi ng wei ght or al t er i ng
composi t i on of coi n. - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y per f or ms on
any coi n any oper at i on whi ch di mi ni shes t he wei ght or al t er s t he
composi t i on of t hat coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of

Expl anat i on. - A per son who scoops out par t of t he coi n and put s
anyt hi ng el se i nt o t he cavi t y al t er s t he composi t i on of t he coi n.

247.

Fr audul ent l y or di shonest l y di mi ni shi ng wei ght or al t er i ng composi t i on
of I ndi an coi n.

247. Fr audul ent l y or di shonest l y di mi ni shi ng wei ght or al t er i ng
composi t i on of I ndi an coi n. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y
per f or ms on 3*[ any I ndi an coi n] any oper at i on whi ch di mi ni shes t he
wei ght or al t er s t he composi t i on of t hat coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " t he Queen' s coi n" .


3. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " any of t he Queen' s coi n" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

157

248.

Al t er i ng appear ance of coi n wi t h i nt ent t hat i t shal l pass as coi n of
di f f er ent descr i pt i on.

248. Al t er i ng appear ance of coi n wi t h i nt ent t hat i t shal l pass
as coi n of di f f er ent descr i pt i on. - - Whoever per f or ms on any coi n any
oper at i on whi ch al t er s t he appear ance of t hat coi n, wi t h t he i nt ent i on
t hat t he sai d coi n shal l pass as a coi n of a di f f er ent descr i pt i on,
whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

249.

Al t er i ng appear ance of I ndi an coi n wi t h i nt ent t hat i t shal l pass as
coi n of di f f er ent descr i pt i on.

249. Al t er i ng appear ance of I ndi an coi n wi t h i nt ent t hat i t shal l
pass as coi n of di f f er ent descr i pt i on. - - Whoever per f or ms on 1*[ any
I ndi an coi n] any oper at i on whi ch al t er s t he appear ance of t hat coi n,
wi t h t he i nt ent i on t hat t he sai d coi n shal l pass as a coi n of a
di f f er ent descr i pt i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

250.

Del i ver y of coi n possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s al t er ed.

250. Del i ver y of coi n possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s
al t er ed. - - Whoever , havi ng coi n i n hi s possessi on wi t h r espect t o whi ch
t he of f ence def i ned i n sect i on 246 or 248 has been commi t t ed, and
havi ng known at t he t i me when he became possessed of such coi n t hat
such of f ence had been commi t t ed wi t h r espect t o i t , f r audul ent l y or
wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, del i ver s such coi n t o any
ot her per son, or at t empt s t o i nduce any ot her per son t o r ecei ve t he
same, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

251.

Del i ver y of I ndi an coi n, possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s al t er ed.

251. Del i ver y of I ndi an coi n, possessed wi t h knowl edge t hat i t i s
al t er ed. - - Whoever , havi ng coi n i n hi s possessi on wi t h r espect t o whi ch
t he of f ence def i ned i n sect i on 247 or 249 has been commi t t ed, and
havi ng known at t he t i me when he became possessed of such coi n t hat
such of f ence had been commi t t ed wi t h r espect t o i t , f r audul ent l y or
wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, del i ver s such coi n t o any
ot her per son, or at t empt s t o i nduce any ot her per son t o r ecei ve t he
same, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a

252.

Possessi on of coi n by per son who knew i t t o be al t er ed when he became
possessed t her eof .

252. Possessi on of coi n by per son who knew i t t o be al t er ed when
he became possessed t her eof . - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t hat
f r aud may be commi t t ed, i s i n possessi on of coi n wi t h r espect t o whi ch
t he of f ence def i ned i n ei t her of t he sect i ons 246 or 248 has been
commi t t ed havi ng known at t he t i me of becomi ng possessed t her eof t hat
such of f ence had been commi t t ed wi t h r espect t o such coi n, shal l be

253.

Possessi on of I ndi an coi n by per son who knew i t t o be al t er ed when he
became possessed t her eof .

253. Possessi on of I ndi an coi n by per son who knew i t t o be
al t er ed when he became possessed t her eof . - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or
wi t h i nt ent t hat f r aud may be commi t t ed, i s i n possessi on of coi n wi t h
r espect t o whi ch t he of f ence def i ned i n ei t her of t he sect i ons 247 or
249 has been commi t t ed havi ng known at t he t i me of becomi ng possessed
t her eof , t hat such of f ence had been commi t t ed wi t h r espect t o such
coi n, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

254.

Del i ver y of coi n as genui ne whi ch, when f i r st possessed, t he del i ver er
di d not know t o be al t er ed.

254. Del i ver y of coi n as genui ne whi ch, when f i r st possessed, t he
del i ver er di d not know t o be al t er ed. - - Whoever del i ver s t o any ot her
per son as genui ne or as a coi n of a di f f er ent descr i pt i on f r omwhat i t
i s, or at t empt s t o i nduce any per son t o r ecei ve as genui ne, or as a
di f f er ent coi n f r omwhat i t i s, any coi n i n r espect of whi ch he knows
t hat any such oper at i on as t hat ment i oned i n sect i ons 246, 247, 248 or
249 has been per f or med, but i n r espect of whi ch he di d not , at t he
t i me when he t ook i t i nt o hi s possessi on, know t hat such oper at i on had
been per f or med, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " any of t he Queen' s coi n" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

158

year s or wi t h f i ne t o an amount whi ch may ext end t o t en t i mes t he
val ue of t he coi n f or whi ch t he al t er ed coi n i s passed, or at t empt ed
t o be passed.

255.

Count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp.

255. Count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever count er f ei t s, or
knowi ngl y per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of count er f ei t i ng, any
st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue shal l be
puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or wi t h i mpr i sonment of

Expl anat i on. - A per son commi t s t hi s of f ence who count er f ei t s by
causi ng a genui ne st amps of one denomi nat i on t o appear l i ke a genui ne
st amp of a di f f er ent denomi nat i on.

256.

Havi ng possessi on of i nst r ument or mat er i al f or count er f ei t i ng
Gover nment st amp.

256. Havi ng possessi on of i nst r ument or mat er i al f or
count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever has i n hi s possessi on any
i nst r ument or mat er i al f or t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or
havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or t he
pur pose of count er f ei t i ng any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he
pur pose of r evenue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

257.

Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng Gover nment st amp.

257. Maki ng or sel l i ng i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng Gover nment
st amp. - - Whoever makes or per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of maki ng,
or buys, or sel l s, or di sposes of , any i nst r ument f or t he pur pose of
bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended
t o be used, f or t he pur pose of count er f ei t i ng any st amp i ssued by
Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, shal l be puni shed wi t h

258.

Sal e of count er f ei t Gover nment st amp.

258. Sal e of count er f ei t Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever sel l s, or
of f er s f or sal e, any st amp whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o
be a count er f ei t of any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of
r evenue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
f i ne.

259.

Havi ng possessi on of count er f ei t Gover nment st amp.

259. Havi ng possessi on of count er f ei t Gover nment st amp. - - Whoever
has i n hi s possessi on any st amp whi ch he knows t o be a count er f ei t of
any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, i nt endi ng
t o use, or di spose of t he same as a genui ne st amp, or i n or der t hat i t
may be used as a genui ne st amp, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and

260.

Usi ng as genui ne a Gover nment st amp known t o be count er f ei t .

260. Usi ng as genui ne a Gover nment st amp known t o be
count er f ei t . - - Whoever uses as genui ne any st amp, knowi ng i t t o be a
count er f ei t of any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of
r evenue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

261.

Ef f aci ng wr i t i ng f r omsubst ance bear i ng Gover nment st amp, or r emovi ng
f r omdocument a st amp used f or i t , wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o
Gover nment .

261. Ef f aci ng wr i t i ng f r omsubst ance bear i ng Gover nment st amp, or
r emovi ng f r omdocument a st amp used f or i t , wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss
t o Gover nment . - - Whoever , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o
t he Gover nment , r emoves or ef f aces f r om any subst ance, bear i ng any
st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue, any wr i t i ng or
document f or whi ch such st amp has been used, or r emoves f r om any
wr i t i ng or document a st amp whi ch has been used f or such wr i t i ng or
document , i n or der t hat such st amp may be used f or a di f f er ent wr i t i ng
or document , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h
bot h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

159

262.

Usi ng Gover nment st amp known t o have been bef or e used.

262. Usi ng Gover nment st amp known t o have been bef or e used. - -
Whoever , f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o t he Gover nment ,
uses f or any pur pose a st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of
r evenue, whi ch he knows t o have been bef or e used, shal l be puni shed
t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

263.

Er asur e of mar k denot i ng t hat st amp has been used.

263. Er asur e of mar k denot i ng t hat st amp has been used. - - Whoever ,
f r audul ent l y or wi t h i nt ent t o cause l oss t o Gover nment , er ases or
r emoves f r oma st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of r evenue,
any mar k, put or i mpr essed upon such st amp f or t he pur pose of denot i ng
t hat t he same has been used, or knowi ngl y has i n hi s possessi on or
sel l s or di sposes of any such st amp f r om whi ch such mar k has been
er ased or r emoved, or sel l s or di sposes of any such st amp whi ch he
knows t o have been used, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne,
or wi t h bot h.

263A.

Pr ohi bi t i on of f i ct i t i ous st amps.

1*[ 263A. Pr ohi bi t i on of f i ct i t i ous st amps. - - ( 1) Whoever -

( a) makes, knowi ngl y ut t er s, deal s i n or sel l s any
f i ct i t i ous st amp, or knowi ngl y uses f or any post al pur pose any
f i ct i t i ous st amp, or

( b) has i n hi s possessi on, wi t hout l awf ul excuse, any
f i ct i t i ous st amp, or

( c) makes or , wi t hout l awf ul excuse, has i n hi s possessi on
any di e, pl at e, i nst r ument or mat er i al s f or maki ng any f i ct i t i ous
st amp,

shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees.

( 2) Any such st amp, di e, pl at e, i nst r ument or mat er i al s i n t he
possessi on of any per son f or maki ng any f i ct i t i ous st amp 2*[ may be
sei zed and, i f sei zed] shal l be f or f ei t ed.

( 3) I n t hi s sect i on " f i ct i t i ous st amp" means any st amp f al sel y
pur por t i ng t o be i ssued by Gover nment f or t he pur pose of denot i ng a
r at e of post age, or any f acsi mi l e or i mi t at i on or r epr esent at i on,
whet her on paper or ot her wi se, of any st amp i ssued by Gover nment f or
t hat pur pose.

( 4) I n t hi s sect i on and al so i n sect i ons 255 t o 263, bot h
i ncl usi ve, t he wor d " Gover nment " , when used i n connect i on wi t h, or i n
r ef er ence t o, any st amp i ssued f or t he pur pose of denot i ng a r at e of
post age, shal l , not wi t hst andi ng anyt hi ng i n sect i on 17, be deemed t o
i ncl ude t he per son or per sons aut hor i zed by l aw t o admi ni st er
execut i ve Gover nment i n any par t of I ndi a, and al so i n any par t of Her
Maj est y' s domi ni ons or i n any f or ei gn count r y. ]

CHAPTER XI I I

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO WEI GHTS AND MEASURES

CHAPTER XI I I

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO WEI GHTS AND MEASURES

264.

Fr audul ent use of f al se i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng.

264. Fr audul ent use of f al se i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng. - - Whoever ,
f r audul ent l y uses any i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng whi ch he knows t o be
f al se, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

265.

Fr audul ent use of f al se wei ght or measur e.

265. Fr audul ent use of f al se wei ght or measur e. - - Whoever ,
f r audul ent l y uses any f al se wei ght or f al se measur e of l engt h or
capaci t y, or f r audul ent l y uses any wei ght or any measur e of l engt h or
capaci t y as a di f f er ent wei ght or measur e f r omwhat i t i s, shal l be
ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. S. 263A i ns. by Act 3 of 1895, s. 2.

2. Subs. by Act 42 of 1953, s. 4 and t he Thi r d Sch. , f or " may be
sei zed and" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

160

266.

Bei ng i n possessi on of f al se wei ght or measur e.

266. Bei ng i n possessi on of f al se wei ght or measur e. - - Whoever i s
i n possessi on of any i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng, or of any wei ght , or of
any measur e of l engt h or capaci t y, whi ch he knows t o be f al se, 1****
i nt endi ng t hat t he same may be f r audul ent l y used, shal l be puni shed
one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

267.

Maki ng or sel l i ng f al se wei ght or measur e.

267. Maki ng or sel l i ng f al se wei ght or measur e. - - Whoever makes,
sel l s or di sposes of any i nst r ument f or wei ghi ng, or any wei ght , or
any measur e of l engt h or capaci t y whi ch he knows t o be f al se, i n or der
t hat t he same may be used as t r ue, or knowi ng t hat t he same i s l i kel y
t o be used as t r ue, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or
wi t h bot h.

CHAPTER XI V

OF OFFENCES AFFECTI NG THE PUBLI C HEALTH, SAFETY, CONVENI ENCE, DECENCY
AND MORALS

CHAPTER XI V

OF OFFENCES AFFECTI NG THE PUBLI C HEALTH, SAFETY, CONVENI ENCE, DECENCY
AND MORALS

268.

Publ i c nui sance.

268. Publ i c nui sance. - - A per son i s gui l t y of a publ i c nui sance
who does any act or i s gui l t y of an i l l egal omi ssi on whi ch causes any
common i nj ur y, danger or annoyance t o t he publ i c or t o t he peopl e i n
gener al who dwel l or occupy pr oper t y i n t he vi ci ni t y, or whi ch must
necessar i l y cause i nj ur y, obst r uct i on, danger or annoyance t o per sons
who may have occasi on t o use any publ i c r i ght .

A common nui sance i s not excused on t he gr ound t hat i t causes
some conveni ence or advant age.

269.

Negl i gent act l i kel y t o spr ead i nf ect i on of di sease danger ous t o
l i f e.

269. Negl i gent act l i kel y t o spr ead i nf ect i on of di sease
danger ous t o l i f e. - - Whoever unl awf ul l y or negl i gent l y does any act
whi ch i s, and whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be, l i kel y t o
spr ead t he i nf ect i on of any di sease danger ous t o l i f e, shal l be
ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

270.

Mal i gnant act l i kel y t o spr ead i nf ect i on of di sease danger ous t o
l i f e.

270. Mal i gnant act l i kel y t o spr ead i nf ect i on of di sease
danger ous t o l i f e. - - Whoever mal i gnant l y does any act whi ch i s, and
whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be, l i kel y t o spr ead t he
i nf ect i on of any di sease danger ous t o l i f e, shal l be puni shed wi t h

271.

Di sobedi ence t o quar ant i ne r ul e.

271. Di sobedi ence t o quar ant i ne r ul e. - - Whoever knowi ngl y di sobeys
any r ul e made and pr omul gat ed 2*[ by t he 3* Gover nment 4*] f or
put t i ng any vessel i nt o a st at e of quar ant i ne, or f or r egul at i ng t he
i nt er cour se of vessel s i n a st at e of quar ant i ne wi t h t he shor e or wi t h
ot her vessel s, f or r egul at i ng t he i nt er cour se bet ween pl aces wher e an
i nf ect i ous di sease pr evai l s and ot her pl aces, shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x
mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

272.

Adul t er at i on of f ood or dr i nk i nt ended f or sal e.

272. Adul t er at i on of f ood or dr i nk i nt ended f or sal e. - Whoever
adul t er at es any ar t i cl e of f ood or dr i nk, so as t o make such ar t i cl e
noxi ous as f ood or dr i nk, i nt endi ng t o sel l such ar t i cl e as f ood or
dr i nk, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t he same wi l l be sol d as f ood
or dr i nk, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may
ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.

273.

Sal e of noxi ous f ood or dr i nk.

273. Sal e of noxi ous f ood or dr i nk. - - Whoever sel l s, or of f er s or
exposes f or sal e, as f ood or dr i nk, any ar t i cl e whi ch has been
r ender ed or has become noxi ous, or i s i n a st at e unf i t f or f ood
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. The wor d " and" omi t t ed by Act 42 of 1953, s. 4 and t he t hi r d Sch.

2. Subs. by t he A. O. 1937, f or " by t he G. of I . , or by any Govt . " .

3. The wor ds " Cent r al or any Pr ovi nci al " r ep. by t he A. O. 1950.

4. The wor ds " or t he Cr own Repr esent at i ve" wer e r ep. by t he A. O.
1948.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

161

or dr i nk, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat t he same i s noxi ous
as f ood or dr i nk, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne

274.

Adul t er at i on of dr ugs.

274. Adul t er at i on of dr ugs. - - Whoever adul t er at es any dr ug or
medi cal pr epar at i on i n such a manner as t o l essen t he ef f i cacy or
change t he oper at i on of such dr ug or medi cal pr epar at i on, or t o make
i t noxi ous, i nt endi ng t hat i t shal l be sol d or used f or , or knowi ng i t
t o be l i kel y t hat i t wi l l be sol d or used f or , any medi ci nal pur pose,
as i t had not under gone such adul t er at i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h
bot h.

275.

Sal e of adul t er at ed dr ugs.

275. Sal e of adul t er at ed dr ugs. - - Whoever , knowi ng any dr ug or
medi cal pr epar at i on t o have been adul t er at ed i n such a manner as t o
l essen i t s ef f i cacy, t o change i t s oper at i on, or t o r ender i t noxi ous,
sel l s t he same, or of f er s or exposes i t f or sal e, or i ssues i t f r om
any di spensar y f or medi ci nal pur poses as unadul t er at ed, or causes i t
t o be used f or medi ci nal pur poses by any per son not knowi ng of t he
adul t er at i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

276.

Sal e of dr ug as a di f f er ent dr ug or pr epar at i on.

276. Sal e of dr ug as a di f f er ent dr ug or pr epar at i on. - - Whoever
knowi ngl y sel l s, or of f er s or exposes f or sal e, or i ssues f r om a
di spensar y f or medi ci nal pur poses, any dr ug or medi cal pr epar at i on, as
a di f f er ent dr ug or medi cal pr epar at i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h
bot h.

277.

Foul i ng wat er of publ i c spr i ng or r eser voi r .

277. Foul i ng wat er of publ i c spr i ng or r eser voi r . - - Whoever
vol unt ar i l y cor r upt s or f oul s t he wat er of any publ i c spr i ng or
r eser voi r , so as t o r ender i t l ess f i t f or t he pur pose f or whi ch i t i s
or di nar i l y used, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne

278.

Maki ng at mospher e noxi ous t o heal t h.

278. Maki ng at mospher e noxi ous t o heal t h. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y
vi t i at es t he at mospher e i n any pl ace so as t o make i t noxi ous t o t he
heal t h of per sons i n gener al dwel l i ng or car r yi ng on busi ness i n t he
nei ghbour hood or passi ng al ong a publ i c way, shal l be puni shed wi t h
f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees.

279.

Rash dr i vi ng or r i di ng on a publ i c way.

279. Rash dr i vi ng or r i di ng on a publ i c way. - - Whoever dr i ves any
vehi cl e, or r i des, on any publ i c way i n a manner so r ash or negl i gent
as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o
any ot her per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

280.

Rash navi gat i on of vessel .

280. Rash navi gat i on of vessel . - - Whoever navi gat es any vessel i n
a manner so r ash or negl i gent as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be
l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any ot her per son, shal l be puni shed
si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or
wi t h bot h.

281.

Exhi bi t i on of f al se l i ght , mar k or buoy.

281. Exhi bi t i on of f al se l i ght , mar k or buoy. - - Whoever exhi bi t s
any f al se l i ght , mar k or buoy, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y
t hat such exhi bi t i on wi l l mi sl ead any navi gat or , shal l be puni shed
seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

162

282.

Conveyi ng per son by wat er f or hi r e i n unsaf e or over l oaded vessel .

282. Conveyi ng per son by wat er f or hi r e i n unsaf e or over l oaded
vessel . - - Whoever knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y conveys, or causes t o be
conveyed f or hi r e, any per son by wat er i n any vessel , when t hat vessel
i s i n such a st at e or so l oaded as t o endanger t he l i f e of t hat
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end
t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.

283.

Danger or obst r uct i on i n publ i c way or l i ne of navi gat i on.

283. Danger or obst r uct i on i n publ i c way or l i ne of navi gat i on. - -
Whoever , by doi ng any act , or by omi t t i ng t o t ake or der wi t h any
pr oper t y i n hi s possessi on or under hi s char ge, causes danger ,
obst r uct i on or i nj ur y t o any per son i n any publ i c way or publ i c l i ne
of navi gat i on, shal l be puni shed, wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo
hundr ed r upees.

284.

Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o poi sonous subst ance.

284. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o poi sonous subst ance. - -
Whoever does, wi t h any poi sonous subst ance, any act i n a manner so
r ash or negl i gent as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o cause
hur t or i nj ur y t o any per son,

or knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h any
poi sonous subst ance i n hi s possessi on as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d
agai nst pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r omsuch poi sonous subst ance,

t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o
one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.

285.

Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o f i r e or combust i bl e mat t er .

285. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o f i r e or combust i bl e
mat t er . - - Whoever does, wi t h f i r e or any combust i bl e mat t er , any act so
r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o
cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any ot her per son,

f i r e or any combust i bl e mat t er i n hi s possessi on as i s suf f i ci ent t o
guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r om such f i r e or
combust i bl e mat t er ,


286.

Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o expl osi ve subst ance.

286. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o expl osi ve subst ance. - -
Whoever does, wi t h any expl osi ve subst ance, any act so r ashl y or
negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e, or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t
or i nj ur y t o any ot her per son,

expl osi ve subst ance i n hi s possessi on as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d
agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r omt hat subst ance,


287.

Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o machi ner y. - -

287. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o machi ner y. - - Whoever does,
wi t h any machi ner y, any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger
human l i f e or t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t or i nj ur y t o any ot her
per son,

machi ner y i n hi s possessi on or under hi s car e as i s suf f i ci ent t o
guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e f r omsuch machi ner y,


163

288.

Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o pul l i ng down or r epai r i ng
bui l di ngs.

288. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o pul l i ng down or r epai r i ng
bui l di ngs. - - Whoever , i n pul l i ng down or r epai r i ng any bui l di ng,
knowi ngl y or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h t hat bui l di ng
as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o human l i f e
f r omt he f al l of t hat bui l di ng, or of any par t t her eof , shal l be
ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand

289.

Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o ani mal .

289. Negl i gent conduct wi t h r espect t o ani mal . - - Whoever knowi ngl y
or negl i gent l y omi t s t o t ake such or der wi t h any ani mal i n hi s
possessi on as i s suf f i ci ent t o guar d agai nst any pr obabl e danger t o
human l i f e, or any pr obabl e danger of gr i evous hur t f r omsuch ani mal ,

290.

Puni shment f or publ i c nui sance i n cases not ot her wi se pr ovi ded f or .

290. Puni shment f or publ i c nui sance i n cases not ot her wi se
pr ovi ded f or . - Whoever commi t s a publ i c nui sance i n any case not
ot her wi se puni shabl e by t hi s Code, shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch
may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees.

291.

Cont i nuance of nui sance af t er i nj unct i on t o di scont i nue.

291. Cont i nuance of nui sance af t er i nj unct i on t o di scont i nue. - -
Whoever r epeat s or cont i nues a publ i c nui sance, havi ng been enj oi ned
by any publ i c ser vant who has l awf ul aut hor i t y t o i ssue such
i nj unct i on not t o r epeat or cont i nue such nui sance, shal l be puni shed
wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or

292.

Sal e, et c. , of obscene books, et c.

1*[ 292. Sal e, et c. , of obscene books, et c. - - 2*[ ( 1) For t he
pur poses of sub- sect i on ( 2) , a book, pamphl et , paper , wr i t i ng,
dr awi ng, pai nt i ng r epr esent at i on, f i gur e or any ot her obj ect , shal l be
deemed t o be obscene i f i t i s l asci vi ous or appeal s t o t he pr ur i ent
i nt er est or i f i t s ef f ect , or ( wher e i t compr i ses t wo or mor e di st i nct
i t ems) t he ef f ect of any one of i t s i t ems, i s, i f t aken as a whol e,
such as t o t end t o depr ave and cor r upt per sons who ar e l i kel y, havi ng
r egar d t o al l r el evant ci r cumst ances, t o r ead, see or hear t he mat t er
cont ai ned or embodi ed i n i t . ]

3*[ ( 2) ] Whoever -

( a) sel l s, l et s t o hi r e, di st r i but es, publ i cl y exhi bi t s or
i n any manner put s i nt o ci r cul at i on, or f or pur poses of sal e,
hi r e, di st r i but i on, publ i c exhi bi t i on or ci r cul at i on, makes,
r educes or has i n hi s possessi on any obscene book, pamphl et ,
paper , dr awi ng, pai nt i ng, r epr esent at i on or f i gur e or any ot her
obscene obj ect what soever , or

( b) i mpor t s, expor t s or conveys any obscene obj ect f or any
of t he pur poses af or esai d, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve
t hat such obj ect wi l l be sol d, l et t o hi r e, di st r i but ed or
publ i cl y exhi bi t ed or i n any manner put i nt o ci r cul at i on, or

( c) t akes par t i n or r ecei ves pr of i t s f r om any busi ness i n
t he cour se of whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t hat any
such obscene obj ect s ar e, f or any of t he pur poses af or esai d,
made, pr oduced, pur chased, kept , i mpor t ed, expor t ed, conveyed,
publ i cl y exhi bi t ed or i n any manner put i nt o ci r cul at i on, or

( d) adver t i ses or makes known by any means what soever t hat
any per son i s engaged or i s r eady t o engage i n any act whi ch i s
an of f ence under t hi s sect i on, or t hat any such obscene obj ect
can be pr ocur ed f r omor t hr ough any per son, or
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2. I ns. by Act 36 of 1969, s. 2

3. S. 292 r enumber ed as sub- sect i on ( 2) t her eof by s. 2, i bi d.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

164

( e) of f er s or at t empt s t o do any act whi ch i s an of f ence
under t hi s sect i on,

shal l be puni shed 1 [ on f i r st convi ct i on wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, and wi t h f i ne
whi ch may ext end t o t wo t housand r upees, and, i n t he event of a second
or subsequent convi ct i on, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er m whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, and al so wi t h f i ne whi ch may
ext end t o f i ve t housand r upees] .

2*[ Except i on- Thi s sect i on does not ext end t o-

( a) any book, pamphl et , paper , wr i t i ng, dr awi ng, pai nt i ng,
r epr esent at i on or f i gur e-

( i ) t he publ i cat i on of whi ch i s pr oved t o be j ust i f i ed
as bei ng f or t he publ i c good on t he gr ound t hat such book,
pamphl et , paper , wr i t i ng, dr awi ng, pai nt i ng, r epr esent at i on
or f i gur e i s i n t he i nt er est of sci ence, l i t er at ur e, ar t or
l ear ni ng or ot her obj ect s of gener al concer n, or

( i i ) whi ch i s kept or used bona f i de f or r el i gi ous
pur poses;

( b) any r epr esent at i on scul pt ur ed, engr aved, pai nt ed or
ot her wi se r epr esent ed on or i n-

( i ) any anci ent monument wi t hi n t he meani ng of t he
Anci ent Monument s and Ar chaeol ogi cal Si t es and Remai ns Act ,
1958 ( 24 of 1958) , or

( i i ) any t empl e, or on any car used f or t he conveyance
of i dol s, or kept or used f or any r el i gi ous pur pose. ] ]

293.

Sal e, et c. , of obscene obj ect s t o young per son.

3*[ 293. Sal e, et c. , of obscene obj ect s t o young per son. - -
Whoever sel l s, l et s t o hi r e, di st r i but es, exhi bi t s or ci r cul at es t o
any per son under t he age of t went y year s any such obscene obj ect as i s
r ef er r ed t o i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on, or of f er s or at t empt s so t o
do, shal l be puni shed 1[ on f i r st convi ct i on wi t h i mpr i sonment of
wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo t housand r upees, and, i n t he event
of a second or subsequent convi ct i on, wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and al so wi t h
f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve t housand r upees] . ]

294.

Obscene act s and songs.

4*[ 294. Obscene act s and songs. - - Whoever , t o t he annoyance of
ot her s,

( a) does any obscene act i n any publ i c pl ace, or

( b) si ngs, r eci t es or ut t er s any obscene song, bal l ad or
wor ds, i n or near any publ i c pl ace,

whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 36 of 1969, s. 2, f or cer t ai n wor ds.

2. Subs. by s. 2, i bi d. , f or Except i on.


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

165

294A.

Keepi ng l ot t er y of f i ce.

1*[ 294A. Keepi ng l ot t er y of f i ce. - - Whoever keeps any of f i ce or
pl ace f or t he pur pose of dr awi ng any l ot t er y 2*[ not bei ng 3*[ a
St at e l ot t er y] or a l ot t er y aut hor i sed by t he 4*[ St at e]
Gover nment ] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

And whoever publ i shes any pr oposal t o pay any sum, or t o del i ver
any goods, or t o do or f or bear doi ng anyt hi ng f or t he benef i t of any
per son, on any event or cont i ngency r el at i ve or appl i cabl e t o t he
dr awi ng of any t i cket , l ot , number or f i gur e i n any such l ot t er y
shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees. ]

CHAPTER XV

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO RELI GI ON

CHAPTER XV

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO RELI GI ON

295.

I nj ur i ng or def i l i ng pl ace of wor shi p, wi t h i nt ent t o i nsul t t he
r el i gi on of any cl ass.

295. I nj ur i ng or def i l i ng pl ace of wor shi p, wi t h i nt ent t o
i nsul t t he r el i gi on of any cl ass. - - Whoever dest r oys, damages or
def i l es any pl ace of wor shi p, or any obj ect hel d sacr ed by any cl ass
of per sons wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her eby i nsul t i ng t he r el i gi on of any
cl ass of per sons or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat any cl ass of per sons i s
l i kel y t o consi der such dest r uct i on, damage or def i l ement as an i nsul t
t o t hei r r el i gi on, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

295A.

Del i ber at e and mal i ci ous act s i nt ended t o out r age r el i gi ous f eel i ngs
of any cl ass by i nsul t i ng i t s r el i gi on or r el i gi ous bel i ef s.

5*[ 295A. Del i ber at e and mal i ci ous act s i nt ended t o out r age
r el i gi ous f eel i ngs of any cl ass by i nsul t i ng i t s r el i gi on or r el i gi ous
bel i ef s. - - Whoever , wi t h del i ber at e and mal i ci ous i nt ent i on of
out r agi ng t he r el i gi ous f eel i ngs of any cl ass of 6*[ ci t i zens of
I ndi a] , 7*[ by wor ds, ei t her spoken or wr i t t en, or by si gns or by
vi si bl e r epr esent at i ons or ot her wi se] i nsul t s or at t empt s t o i nsul t
t he r el i gi on or t he r el i gi ous bel i ef s of t hat cl ass, shal l be puni shed
8*[ t hr ee year s] , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ]

296.

Di st ur bi ng r el i gi ous assembl y.

296. Di st ur bi ng r el i gi ous assembl y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes
di st ur bance t o any assembl y l awf ul l y engaged i n t he per f or mance of
r el i gi ous wor shi p, or r el i gi ous cer emoni es, shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one
year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

297.

Tr espassi ng on bur i al pl aces, et c.

297. Tr espassi ng on bur i al pl aces, et c. - - Whoever , wi t h t he
i nt ent i on of woundi ng t he f eel i ngs of any per son, or of i nsul t i ng t he
r el i gi on of any per son, or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat t he f eel i ngs of any
per son ar e l i kel y t o be wounded, or t hat t he r el i gi on of any per son i s
l i kel y t o be i nsul t ed t her eby,

commi t s any t r espass i n any pl ace of wor shi p or on any pl ace of
sepul t ur e, or any pl ace set apar t f or t he per f or mance of f uner al r i t es
or as a deposi t or y f or t he r emai ns of t he dead, or of f er s any
i ndi gni t y t o any human cor pse, or causes di st ur bance t o any per sons
assembl ed f or t he per f or mance of f uner al cer emoni es,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. S. 294A i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 10.

2. Subs. by t he A. O. 1937, f or " not aut hor i sed by Gover nment " .

3. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " a l ot t er y or gani sed
by t he Cent r al Gover nment or t he Gover nment of a Par t A St at e or
a Par t B St at e" whi ch had been subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " a
St at e l ot t er y" .

4. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Pr ovi nci al " .

5. I ns. by Act 25 of 1927, s. 2.

6. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " Hi s Maj est y' s subj ect s" .

7. Subs. by Act 41 of 1961, s. 3, f or cer t ai n wor ds.

8. Subs. by s. 3, i bi d. , f or " t wo year s" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

166

t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

298.

Ut t er i ng wor ds, et c. , wi t h del i ber at e i nt ent t o wound r el i gi ous
f eel i ngs.

298. Ut t er i ng wor ds, et c. , wi t h del i ber at e i nt ent t o wound
r el i gi ous f eel i ngs. - - Whoever , wi t h t he del i ber at e i nt ent i on of
woundi ng t he r el i gi ous f eel i ngs of any per son, ut t er s any wor d or
makes any sound i n t he hear i ng of t hat per son or makes any gest ur e i n
t he si ght of t hat per son or pl aces any obj ect i n t he si ght of t hat
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

CHAPTER XVI

OF OFFENCES AFFECTI NG THE HUMAN BODY

CHAPTER XVI

OF OFFENCES AFFECTI NG THE HUMAN BODY

Of of f ences af f ect i ng l i f e

299.

Cul pabl e homi ci de.

299. Cul pabl e homi ci de. - - Whoever causes deat h by doi ng an act
wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng deat h, or wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng
such bodi l y i nj ur y as i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, or wi t h t he knowl edge
t hat he i s l i kel y by such act t o cause deat h, commi t s t he of f ence of
cul pabl e homi ci de.


( a) A l ays st i cks and t ur f over a pi t , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of
t her eby causi ng deat h, or wi t h t he knowl edge t hat deat h i s l i kel y t o
be t her eby caused. Z, bel i evi ng t he gr ound t o be f i r m, t r eads on i t ,
f al l s i n and i s ki l l ed. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence of cul pabl e
homi ci de.

( b) A knows Z t o be behi nd a bush. B does not know i t . A,
i nt endi ng t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t o cause Z' s deat h,
i nduces B t o f i r e at t he bush. B f i r es and ki l l s Z. Her e B may be
gui l t y of no of f ence; but A has commi t t ed t he of f ence of cul pabl e
homi ci de.

( c) A, by shoot i ng at a f owl wi t h i nt ent t o ki l l and st eal i t ,
ki l l s B, who i s behi nd a bush; A not knowi ng t hat he was t her e. Her e,
al t hough A was doi ng an unl awf ul act , he was not gui l t y of cul pabl e
homi ci de, as he di d not i nt end t o ki l l B or t o cause deat h by doi ng
an act t hat he knew was l i kel y t o cause deat h.

Expl anat i on 1. - A per son who causes bodi l y i nj ur y t o anot her who
i s l abour i ng under a di sor der , di sease or bodi l y i nf i r mi t y, and
t her eby accel er at es t he deat h of t hat ot her , shal l be deemed t o have
caused hi s deat h.

Expl anat i on 2. - Wher e deat h i s caused by bodi l y i nj ur y, t he per son
who causes such bodi l y i nj ur y shal l be deemed t o have caused t he
deat h, al t hough by r esor t i ng t o pr oper r emedi es and ski l f ul t r eat ment
t he deat h mi ght have been pr event ed.

Expl anat i on 3. - The causi ng of t he deat h of a chi l d i n t he
mot her ' s womb i s not homi ci de. But i t may amount t o cul pabl e homi ci de
t o cause t he deat h of a l i vi ng chi l d, i f any par t of t hat chi l d has
been br ought f or t h, t hough t he chi l d may not have br eat hed or been
compl et el y bor n.

300.

Mur der .

300. Mur der . - - Except i n t he cases her ei naf t er except ed, cul pabl e
homi ci de i s mur der , i f t he act by whi ch t he deat h i s caused i s done
wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng deat h, or -

167

2ndl y. - I f i t i s done wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng such bodi l y
i nj ur y as t he of f ender knows t o be l i kel y t o cause t he deat h of t he
per son t o whomt he har mi s caused. or -

3r dl y. - I f i t i s done wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng bodi l y i nj ur y
t o any per son and t he bodi l y i nj ur y i nt ended t o be i nf l i ct ed i s
suf f i ci ent i n t he or di nar y cour se of nat ur e t o cause deat h, or -

4t hl y. - I f t he per son commi t t i ng t he act knows t hat i t i s so
i mmi nent l y danger ous t hat i t must , i n al l pr obabi l i t y, cause deat h, or
such bodi l y i nj ur y as i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, and commi t s such act
wi t hout any excuse f or i ncur r i ng t he r i sk of causi ng deat h or such
i nj ur y as af or esai d.


( a) A shoot s Z wi t h t he i nt ent i on of ki l l i ng hi m. Z di es i n
consequence. A commi t s mur der .

( b) A, knowi ng t hat Z i s l abour i ng under such a di sease t hat a
bl ow i s l i kel y t o cause hi s deat h, st r i kes hi mwi t h t he i nt ent i on of
causi ng bodi l y i nj ur y. Z di es i n consequence of t he bl ow. A i s gui l t y
of mur der , al t hough t he bl ow mi ght not have been suf f i ci ent i n t he
or di nar y cour se of nat ur e t o cause t he deat h of a per son i n a sound
st at e of heal t h. But i f A, not knowi ng t hat Z i s l abour i ng under any
di sease, gi ves hi msuch a bl ow as woul d not i n t he or di nar y cour se of
nat ur e ki l l a per son i n a sound st at e of heal t h, her e A, al t hough he
may i nt end t o cause bodi l y i nj ur y, i s not gui l t y of mur der , i f he di d
not i nt end t o cause deat h, or such bodi l y i nj ur y as i n t he or di nar y
cour se of nat ur e woul d cause deat h.

( c) A i nt ent i onal l y gi ves Z a swor d- cut or cl ub- wound suf f i ci ent
t o cause t he deat h of a man i n t he or di nar y cour se of nat ur e. Z di es
i n consequence. Her e A i s gui l t y of mur der , al t hough he may not have
i nt ended t o cause Z' s deat h.

( d) A wi t hout any excuse f i r es a l oaded cannon i nt o a cr owd of
per sons and ki l l s one of t hem. A i s gui l t y of mur der , al t hough he may
not have had a pr emedi t at ed desi gn t o ki l l any par t i cul ar i ndi vi dual .

Except i on 1. - When cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der . - Cul pabl e
homi ci de i s not mur der i f t he of f ender , whi l st depr i ved of t he power
of sel f - cont r ol by gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on, causes t he deat h of
t he per son who gave t he pr ovocat i on or causes t he deat h of any ot her
per son by mi st ake or acci dent .

The above except i on i s subj ect t o t he f ol l owi ng pr ovi sos: -

Fi r st . - That t he pr ovocat i on i s not sought or vol unt ar i l y pr ovoked
by t he of f ender as an excuse f or ki l l i ng or doi ng har mt o any per son.

Secondl y. - That t he pr ovocat i on i s not gi ven by anyt hi ng done i n
obedi ence t o t he l aw, or by a publ i c ser vant i n t he l awf ul exer ci se of
t he power s of such publ i c ser vant .

Thi r dl y. - That t he pr ovocat i on i s not gi ven by anyt hi ng done i n
t he l awf ul exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.

Expl anat i on. - Whet her t he pr ovocat i on was gr ave and sudden enough
t o pr event t he of f ence f r omamount i ng t o mur der i s a quest i on of f act .

168


( a) A, under t he i nf l uence of passi on exci t ed by a pr ovocat i on
gi ven by Z, i nt ent i onal l y ki l l s Y, Z' s chi l d. Thi s i s mur der , i nasmuch
as t he pr ovocat i on was not gi ven by t he chi l d, and t he deat h of t he
chi l d was not caused by acci dent or mi sf or t une i n doi ng an act caused
by t he pr ovocat i on.

( b) Y gi ves gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on t o A. A, on t hi s
pr ovocat i on, f i r es a pi st ol at Y, nei t her i nt endi ng nor knowi ng
hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o ki l l Z, who i s near hi m, but out of si ght . A
ki l l s Z. Her e A has not commi t t ed mur der , but mer el y cul pabl e
homi ci de.

( c) A i s l awf ul l y ar r est ed by Z, a bai l i f f . A i s exci t ed t o
sudden and vi ol ent passi on by t he ar r est , and ki l l s Z. Thi s i s mur der ,
i nasmuch as t he pr ovocat i on was gi ven by a t hi ng done by a publ i c
ser vant i n t he exer ci se of hi s power s.

( d) A appear s as a wi t ness bef or e Z, a Magi st r at e. Z says t hat he
does not bel i eve a wor d of A' s deposi t i on, and t hat A has per j ur ed
hi msel f . A i s moved t o sudden passi on by t hese wor ds, and ki l l s Z.
Thi s i s mur der .

( e) A at t empt s t o pul l Z' s nose. Z, i n t he exer ci se of t he r i ght
of pr i vat e def ence, l ays hol d of A t o pr event hi mf r omdoi ng so. A i s
moved t o sudden and vi ol ent passi on i n consequence, and ki l l s Z. Thi s
i s mur der , i nasmuch as t he pr ovocat i on was gi vi ng by a t hi ng done i n
t he exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.

( f ) Z st r i kes B. B i s by t hi s pr ovocat i on exci t ed t o vi ol ent r age.
A, a byst ander , i nt endi ng t o t ake advant age of B' s r age, and t o cause
hi mt o ki l l Z, put s a kni f e i nt o B' s hand f or t hat pur pose. B ki l l s Z
wi t h t he kni f e. Her e B may have commi t t ed onl y cul pabl e homi ci de, but
A i s gui l t y of mur der .

Except i on 2. - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der i f t he of f ender i n
t he exer ci se i n good f ai t h of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence or per son
or pr oper t y, exceeds t he power gi ven t o hi m by l aw and causes t he
deat h of t he per son agai nst whom he i s exer ci si ng such r i ght of
def ence wi t hout pr emedi t at i on, and wi t hout any i nt ent i on of doi ng mor e
har mt han i s necessar y f or t he pur pose of such def ence.

I l l ust r at i on

Z at t empt s t o hor sewhi p A, not i n such a manner as t o cause
gr i evous hur t t o A. A dr aws out a pi st ol . Z per si st s i n t he assaul t . A
bel i evi ng i n good f ai t h t hat he can by no ot her means pr event hi msel f
f r ombei ng hor sewhi pped, shoot s Z dead. A has not commi t t ed mur der ,
but onl y cul pabl e homi ci de.

Except i on 3. - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der i f t he of f ender ,
bei ng a publ i c ser vant or ai di ng a publ i c ser vant act i ng f or t he
advancement of publ i c j ust i ce, exceeds t he power s gi ven t o hi mby l aw,
and causes deat h by doi ng an act whi ch he, i n good f ai t h, bel i eves t o
be l awf ul and necessar y f or t he due di schar ge of hi s dut y as such
publ i c ser vant and wi t hout i l l - wi l l t owar ds t he per son whose deat h i s
caused.

Except i on 4. - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der i f i t i s commi t t ed
wi t hout pr emedi t at i on i n a sudden f i ght i n t he heat of passi on upon a
sudden quar r el and wi t hout t he of f ender ' s havi ng t aken undue advant age
or act ed i n a cr uel or unusual manner .

Expl anat i on. - I t i s i mmat er i al i n such cases whi ch par t y of f er s
t he pr ovocat i on or commi t s t he f i r st assaul t .

Except i on 5. - Cul pabl e homi ci de i s not mur der when t he per son
whose deat h i s caused, bei ng above t he age of ei ght een year s, suf f er s
deat h or t akes t he r i sk of deat h wi t h hi s own consent .

169

I l l ust r at i on

A, by i nst i gat i on, vol unt ar i l y causes Z, a per son under ei ght een
year s of age, t o commi t sui ci de. Her e, on account of Z' s yout h, he was
i ncapabl e of gi vi ng consent t o hi s own deat h; A has t her ef or e abet t ed
mur der .

301.

Cul pabl e homi ci de by causi ng deat h of per son ot her t han per son whose
deat h was i nt ended.

301. Cul pabl e homi ci de by causi ng deat h of per son ot her t han
per son whose deat h was i nt ended. - - I f a per son, by doi ng anyt hi ng whi ch
he i nt ends or knows t o be l i kel y t o cause deat h, commi t s cul pabl e
homi ci de by causi ng t he deat h of any per son, whose deat h he nei t her
i nt ends nor knows hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause, t he cul pabl e homi ci de
commi t t ed by t he of f ender i s of t he descr i pt i on of whi ch i t woul d have
been i f he had caused t he deat h of t he per son whose deat h he i nt ended
or knew hi msel f t o he l i kel y t o cause.

302.

Puni shment f or mur der .

302. Puni shment f or mur der . - - Whoever commi t s mur der shal l be
puni shed wi t h deat h, or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , and shal l al so

303.

Puni shment f or mur der by l i f e- convi ct .

303. Puni shment f or mur der by l i f e- convi ct . - - Whoever , bei ng under
sent ence of 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , commi t s mur der , shal l be
puni shed wi t h deat h.

304.

Puni shment f or cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der .

304. Puni shment f or cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der . - -
Whoever commi t s cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der shal l be
puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of ei t her
be l i abl e t o f i ne, i f t he act by whi ch t he deat h i s caused i s done
wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng deat h. or of causi ng such bodi l y i nj ur y
as i s l i kel y t o cause deat h;

or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may
ext end t o t en year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h, i f t he act i s done
wi t h t he knowl edge t hat i t i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, but wi t hout any
i nt ent i on t o cause deat h, or t o cause such bodi l y i nj ur y as i s l i kel y
t o cause deat h.

304A.

Causi ng deat h by negl i gence.

2*[ 304A. Causi ng deat h by negl i gence. - - Whoever causes t he
deat h of any per son by doi ng any r ash or negl i gent act not amount i ng
t o cul pabl e homi ci de shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h. ]

304B.

Dowr y deat h.

3*[ 304B. Dowr y deat h. - - ( 1) Wher e t he deat h of a woman i s
caused by any bur ns or bodi l y i nj ur y or occur s ot her wi se t han under
nor mal ci r cumst ances wi t hi n seven year s of her mar r i age and i t i s
shown t hat soon bef or e her deat h she was subj ect ed t o cr uel t y or
har assment by her husband or any r el at i ve of her husband f or , or i n
connect i on wi t h, any demand f or dowr y, such deat h shal l be cal l ed
" dowr y deat h" , and such husband or r el at i ve shal l be deemed t o have
caused her deat h.

Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sub- sect i on, " dowr y" shal l
have t he same meani ng as i n sect i on 2 of t he Dowr y Pr ohi bi t i on Act ,
1961 ( 28 of 1961) .

( 2) Whoever commi t s dowr y deat h shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch shal l not be l ess t han seven year s but
whi ch may ext end t o i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. ]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .

2. S. 304A was i ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 12.

3. I ns. by Act 43 of 1986, s. 10 ( w. e. f . 19- 11- 1986) .

170

305.

Abet ment of sui ci de of chi l d or i nsane per son.

305. Abet ment of sui ci de of chi l d or i nsane per son. - - I f any
per son under ei ght een year s of age, any i nsane per son, any del i r i ous
per son, any i di ot , or any per son i n a st at e of i nt oxi cat i on commi t s
sui ci de, whoever abet s t he commi ssi on of such sui ci de, shal l be
puni shed wi t h deat h or 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment
f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

306.

Abet ment of sui ci de.

306. Abet ment of sui ci de. - - I f any per son commi t s sui ci de, whoever
abet s t he commi ssi on of such sui ci de, shal l be puni shed wi t h

307.

At t empt t o mur der .

307. At t empt t o mur der . - - Whoever does any act wi t h such i nt ent i on
or knowl edge, and under such ci r cumst ances t hat , i f he by t hat act
caused deat h, he woul d be gui l t y of mur der , shal l be puni shed wi t h
year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f hur t i s caused t o any
per son by such act , t he of f ender shal l be l i abl e ei t her t o
1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or t o such puni shment as i s her ei nbef or e
ment i oned.

At t empt s by l i f e- convi ct s.

At t empt s by l i f e- convi ct s. - 2*[ When any per son of f endi ng under
t hi s sect i on i s under sent ence of 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , he
may, i f hur t i s caused, be puni shed wi t h deat h. ]


( a) A shoot s at Z wi t h i nt ent i on t o ki l l hi m, under such
ci r cumst ances t hat , i f deat h ensued A woul d be gui l t y of mur der . A i s
l i abl e t o puni shment under t hi s sect i on

( b) A, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng t he deat h of a chi l d of
t ender year s, exposes i t i n a deser t pl ace A has commi t t ed t he of f ence
def i ned by t hi s sect i on, t hough t he deat h of t he chi l d does not ensue.

( c) A, i nt endi ng t o mur der Z, buys a gun and l oads i t . A has not
yet commi t t ed t he of f ence. A f i r es t he gun at Z. He has commi t t ed t he
of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on, and, i f by such f i r i ng he wounds Z,
he i s l i abl e t o t he puni shment pr ovi ded by t he l at t er par t of
3*[ t he f i r st par agr aph of ] t hi s sect i on.

( d) A, i nt endi ng t o mur der Z by poi son, pur chases poi son and
mi xes t he same wi t h f ood whi ch r emai ns i n A' s keepi ng; A has not yet
commi t t ed t he of f ence i n t hi s sect i on. A pl aces t he f ood on Z' s t abl e
or del i ver s i t t o Z' s ser vant s t o pl ace i t on Z' s t abl e. A has

308.

At t empt t o commi t cul pabl e homi ci de.

308. At t empt t o commi t cul pabl e homi ci de. - - Whoever does any act
wi t h such i nt ent i on or knowl edge and under such ci r cumst ances t hat , i f
he by t hat act caused deat h, he woul d be gui l t y of cul pabl e homi ci de
not amount i ng t o mur der , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
or wi t h bot h; and, i f hur t i s caused t o any per son by such act , shal l
may ext end t o seven year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .

2. I ns. by Act 27 of 1870, s. 11.

3. I ns. by Act 12 of 1891, s. 2 and Sch. I I .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

171

I l l ust r at i on

A, on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on, f i r es a pi st ol at Z, under
such ci r cumst ances t hat i f he t her e by caused deat h he woul d be gui l t y
of cul pabl e homi ci de not amount i ng t o mur der . A has commi t t ed t he

309.

At t empt t o commi t sui ci de.

309. At t empt t o commi t sui ci de. - - Whoever at t empt s t o commi t
sui ci de and does any act t owar ds t he commi ssi on of such of f ence, shal l
be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o
one year 1*[ or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h. ]

310.

Thug.

310. Thug. - - Whoever , at any t i me af t er t he passi ng of t hi s Act ,
shal l have been habi t ual l y associ at ed wi t h any ot her or ot her s f or t he
pur pose of commi t t i ng r obber y or chi l d- st eal i ng by means of or
accompani ed wi t h mur der , i s a t hug.

311.

Puni shment .

311. Puni shment . - - Whoever i s a t hug, shal l be puni shed wi t h
2[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

Of t he causi ng of mi scar r i age, of i nj ur i es t o unbor n chi l dr en, of t he
exposur e of i nf ant s, and of t he conceal ment of bi r t hs.

312.

Causi ng mi scar r i age.

312. Causi ng mi scar r ai ge. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes a woman
wi t h chi l d t o mi scar r y, shal l i f such mi scar r i age be not caused i n
good f ai t h f or t he pur pose of savi ng t he l i f e of t he woman, be
ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h; and, i f t he woman
be qui ck wi t h chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

Expl anat i on. - A woman who causes her sel f t o mi scar r y, i s wi t hi n
t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.

313.

Causi ng mi scar r i age wi t hout woman' s consent .

313. Causi ng mi scar r i age wi t hout woman' s consent . - - Whoever
commi t s t he of f ence def i ned i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on wi t hout t he
consent of t he woman, whet her t he woman i s qui ck wi t h chi l d or not ,
shal l be puni shed wi t h 2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h

314.

Deat h caused by act done wi t h i nt ent t o cause mi scar r i age.

314. Deat h caused by act done wi t h i nt ent t o cause mi scar r i age. - -
Whoever , wi t h i nt ent t o cause t he mi scar r i age of a woman wi t h chi l d,
does any act whi ch causes t he deat h of such woman, shal l be puni shed
t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;

i f act done wi t hout woman' s consent .

i f act done wi t hout woman' s consent . - - and i f t he act i s done
wi t hout t he consent of t he woman, shal l be puni shed ei t her wi t h
2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h t he puni shment above ment i oned.

Expl anat i on. - I t i s not essent i al t o t hi s of f ence t hat t he
of f ender shoul d know t hat t he act i s l i kel y t o cause deat h.

315.

Act done wi t h i nt ent t o pr event chi l d bei ng bor n al i ve or t o cause i t
t o di e af t er bi r t h.

315. Act done wi t h i nt ent t o pr event chi l d bei ng bor n al i ve or t o
cause i t t o di e af t er bi r t h. - - Whoever bef or e t he bi r t h of any chi l d
does any act wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her eby pr event i ng t hat chi l d f r om
bei ng bor n al i ve or causi ng i t t o di e af t er i t s bi r t h, and does by
such
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 7, f or " and shal l al so be l i abl e t o
f i ne" .

l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

172

act pr event t hat chi l d f r ombei ng bor n al i ve, or causes i t t o di e
af t er i t s bi r t h, shal l , i f such act be not caused i n good f ai t h f or
t he pur pose of savi ng t he l i f e of t he mot her , be puni shed wi t h

316.

Causi ng deat h of qui ck unbor n chi l d by act amount i ng t o cul pabl e
homi ci de.

316. Causi ng deat h of qui ck unbor n chi l d by act amount i ng t o
cul pabl e homi ci de. - - Whoever does any act under such ci r cumst ances,
t hat i f he t her eby caused deat h he woul d be gui l t y of cul pabl e
homi ci de, and does by such act cause t he deat h of a qui ck unbor n
chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a

I l l ust r at i on

A, knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t o cause t he deat h of a pr egnant
woman, does an act whi ch, i f i t caused t he deat h of t he woman, woul d
amount t o cul pabl e homi ci de. The woman i s i nj ur ed, but does not di e;
but t he deat h of an unbor n qui ck chi l d wi t h whi ch she i s pr egnant i s
t her eby caused. A i s gui l t y of t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.

317.

Exposur e and abandonment of chi l d under t wel ve year s, by par ent or
per son havi ng car e of i t .

317. Exposur e and abandonment of chi l d under t wel ve year s, by
par ent or per son havi ng car e of i t . - - Whoever bei ng t he f at her or
mot her of a chi l d under t he age of t wel ve year s, or havi ng t he car e of
such chi l d, shal l expose or l eave such chi l d i n any pl ace wi t h t he
i nt ent i on of whol l y abandoni ng such chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h

Expl anat i on. - Thi s sect i on i s not i nt ended t o pr event t he t r i al of
t he of f ender f or mur der or cul pabl e homi ci de, as t he case may be, i f
t he chi l d di e i n consequence of t he exposur e.

318.

Conceal ment of bi r t h by secr et di sposal of dead body.

318. Conceal ment of bi r t h by secr et di sposal of dead body. - -
Whoever , by secr et l y bur yi ng or ot her wi se di sposi ng of t he dead body
of a chi l d whet her such chi l d di e bef or e or af t er or dur i ng i t s bi r t h,
i nt ent i onal l y conceal s or endeavor s t o conceal t he bi r t h of such
chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a

Of hur t

319.

Hur t .

319. Hur t . - - Whoever causes bodi l y pai n, di sease or i nf i r mi t y t o
any per son i s sai d t o cause hur t .

320.

Gr i evous hur t .

320. Gr i evous hur t . - - The f ol l owi ng ki nds of hur t onl y ar e
desi gnat ed as " gr i evous" : -

Fi r st . - Emascul at i on.

Secondl y. - Per manent pr i vat i on of t he si ght of ei t her eye.

Thi r dl y. - Per manent pr i vat i on of t he hear i ng of ei t her ear .

Four t hl y. - Pr i vat i on of any member or j oi nt .

Fi f t hl y. - Dest r uct i on or per manent i mpai r i ng of t he power s of
any member or j oi nt .

Si xt hl y. - Per manent di sf i gur at i on of t he head or f ace.

Sevent hl y. - Fr act ur e or di sl ocat i on of a bone or t oot h.

Ei ght hl y. - Any hur t whi ch endanger s l i f e or whi ch causes t he
suf f er er t o be dur i ng t he space of t went y days i n sever e bodi l y
pai n, or unabl e t o f ol l ow hi s or di nar y pur sui t s.

173

321.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t .

321. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t . - - Whoever does any act wi t h t he
i nt ent i on of t her eby causi ng hur t t o any per son, or wi t h t he knowl edge
t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o cause hur t t o any per son, and does
t her eby cause hur t t o any per son, i s sai d " vol unt ar i l y t o cause hur t " .

322.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t .

322. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y
causes hur t , i f t he hur t whi ch he i nt ends t o cause or knows hi msel f t o
be l i kel y t o cause i s gr i evous hur t , and i f t he hur t whi ch he causes
i s gr i evous hur t , i s sai d " vol unt ar i l y t o cause gr i evous hur t " .

Expl anat i on. - A per son i s not sai d vol unt ar i l y t o cause gr i evous
hur t except when he bot h causes gr i evous hur t and i nt ends or knows
hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause gr i evous hur t . But he i s sai d
vol unt ar i l y t o cause gr i evous hur t , i f i nt endi ng or knowi ng hi msel f t o
be l i kel y t o cause gr i evous hur t of one ki nd, he act ual l y causes
gr i evous hur t of anot her ki nd.

I l l ust r at i on

A, i nt endi ng of knowi ng hi msel f t o be l i kel y per manent l y t o
di sf i gur e Z' s f ace, gi ves Z a bl ow whi ch does not per manent l y
di sf i gur e Z' s f ace, but whi ch causes Z t o suf f er sever e bodi l y pai n
f or t he space of t went y days. A has vol unt ar i l y caused gr i evous hur t .

323.

Puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t .

323. Puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t . - - Whoever , except i n
t he case pr ovi ded f or by sect i on 334, vol unt ar i l y causes hur t , shal l
may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand

324.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t by danger ous weapons or means.

324. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t by danger ous weapons or means. - -
Whoever , except i n t he case pr ovi ded f or by sect i on 334, vol unt ar i l y
causes hur t by means of any i nst r ument f or shoot i ng, st abbi ng or
cut t i ng, or any i nst r ument whi ch, used as a weapon of of f ence, i s
l i kel y t o cause deat h, or by means of f i r e or any heat ed subst ance, or
by means of any poi son or any cor r osi ve subst ance, or by means of any
expl osi ve subst ance or by means of any subst ance whi ch i t i s
del et er i ous t o t he human body t o i nhal e, t o swal l ow, or t o r ecei ve
i nt o t he bl ood, or by means of any ani mal , shal l be puni shed wi t h

325.

Puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t

325. Puni shment f or vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t . - Whoever ,
except i n t he case pr ovi ded f or by sect i on 335, vol unt ar i l y causes
gr i evous hur t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

326.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t by danger ous weapons or means.

326. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t by danger ous weapons or
means. - - Whoever , except i n t he case pr ovi ded f or by sect i on 335,
vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t by means of any i nst r ument f or
shoot i ng, st abbi ng or cut t i ng, or any i nst r ument whi ch, used as a
weapon of of f ence, i s l i kel y t o cause deat h, or by means of f i r e or
any heat ed subst ance, or by means of any poi son or any cor r osi ve
subst ance, or by means of any expl osi ve subst ance, or by means of any
subst ance whi ch i t i s del et er i ous t o t he human body t o i nhal e, t o
swal l ow, or t o r ecei ve i nt o t he bl ood, or by means of any ani mal ,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs, by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

174

327.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o ext or t pr oper t y, or t o const r ai n t o an
i l l egal t o an act .

327. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o ext or t pr oper t y, or t o const r ai n
t o an i l l egal t o an act . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes hur t , f or t he
pur pose of ext or t i ng f r omt he suf f er er , or f r omany per son i nt er est ed
i n t he suf f er er , any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, or of const r ai ni ng
t he suf f er er or any per son i nt er est ed i n such suf f er er t o do anyt hi ng
whi ch i s i l l egal or whi ch may f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence,

328.

Causi ng hur t by means of poi son, et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t and
of f ence.

328. Causi ng hur t by means of poi son, et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t
and of f ence. - - Whoever admi ni st er s t o or causes t o be t aken by any
per son any poi son or any st upef yi ng, i nt oxi cat i ng or unwhol esome dr ug,
or ot her t hi ng wi t h i nt ent t o cause hur t t o such per son, or wi t h
i nt ent t o commi t or t o f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence or
knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby cause hur t , shal l be
ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

329.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o ext or t pr oper t y, or t o const r ai n
t o an i l l egal act .

329. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o ext or t pr oper t y, or t o
const r ai n t o an i l l egal act . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t
f or t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r om t he suf f er er or f r om any per son
i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, or of
const r ai ni ng t he suf f er er or any per son i nt er est ed i n such suf f er er t o
do anyt hi ng t hat i s i l l egal or whi ch may f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of
an of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or

330.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o ext or t conf essi on or t o compel
r est or at i on of pr oper t y.

320. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o ext or t conf essi on or t o compel
r est or at i on of pr oper t y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes hur t , f or t he
pur pose of ext or t i ng f r om t he suf f er er or f r omany per son i nt er est ed
i n t he suf f er er , any conf essi on or any i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o
t he det ect i on of an of f ence or mi sconduct , or f or t he pur pose of
const r ai ni ng t he suf f er er or any per son i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er t o
r est or e or t o cause t he r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e
secur i t y or t o sat i sf y any cl ai m or demand, or t o gi ve i nf or mat i on
whi ch may l ead t o t he r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e
secur i t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
t o f i ne.

I l l ust r i at i ons

( a) A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , t or t ur es Z i n or der t o i nduce Z t o
conf ess t hat he commi t t ed a cr i me. A i s gui l y of an of f ence under t hi s
sect i on.

( b) A, a pol i ce- of f i cer , t or t ur es B t o i nduce hi mt o poi nt out
wher e cer t ai n st ol en pr oper t y i s deposi t ed. A i s gui l t y of an of f ence
under t hi s sect i on.

( c) A, a r evenue of f i cer , t or t ur es z i n or der t o compel hi mt o
pay cer t ai n ar r ear s of r evenue due f r omZ. A i s gui l t y of an of f ence
under t hi s sect i on.

( d) A, a zami ndar , t or t ur es a r ai yat i n or der t o compel hi mt o
pay hi s r ent . A i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

331.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o ext or t conf essi on, or t o compel
r est or at i on of pr oper t y.

331. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o ext or t conf essi on, or
t o compel r est or at i on of pr oper t y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes
gr i evous hur t f or t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r omt he suf f er er or f r om
any per son i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er any conf essi on or any
i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he det ect i on of an of f ence or
mi sconduct , or f or t he pur pose of const r ai ni ng t he suf f er er or any
per son
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

175

i nt er est ed i n t he suf f er er t o r est or e or t o cause t he r est or at i on of
any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, or t o sat i sf y any cl ai mor demand
or t o gi ve i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he r est or at i on of any
pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of

332.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omhi s dut y.

332. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omhi s
dut y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes hur t t o any per son bei ng a publ i c
ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or wi t h
i nt ent t o pr event or det er t hat per son or any ot her publ i c ser vant
f r omdi schar gi ng hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or i n consequence of
anyt hi ng done or at t empt ed t o be done by t hat per son i n t he l awf ul
di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h

333.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omhi s
dut y.

333. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t t o det er publ i c ser vant
f r omhi s dut y. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y causes gr i evous hur t t o any per son
bei ng a publ i c ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c
ser vant , or wi t h i nt ent t o pr event or det er t hat per son or any ot her
publ i c ser vant f r omdi schar gi ng hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or i n
consequence of anyt hi ng done or at t empt ed t o be done by t hat per son i n
t he l awf ul di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , shal l be

334.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t on pr ovocat i on.

334. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t on pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever
vol unt ar i l y causes hur t on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on, i f he nei t her
i nt ends nor knows hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause hur t t o any per son
ot her t han t he per son who gave t he pr ovocat i on, shal l be puni shed wi t h
mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h
bot h.

335.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t on pr ovocat i on.

335. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng gr i evous hur t on pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever
1*[ vol unt ar i l y] causes gr i evous hur t on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on,
i f he nei t her i nt ends nor knows hi msel f t o be l i kel y t o cause gr i evous
hur t t o any per son ot her t han t he per son who gave t he pr ovocat i on
whi ch may ext end t o f our year s, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo

Expl anat i on. - The l ast t wo sect i ons ar e subj ect t o t he same
pr ovi sos as Except i on 1, sect i on 300.

336.

Act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s.

336. Act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s. - - Whoever
does any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e or t he
per sonal saf et y ot her s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs or wi t h f i ne
whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed and f i f t y r upees, or wi t h bot h.

337.

Causi ng hur t by act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of ot her s.

337. Causi ng hur t by act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of
ot her s. - - Whoever causes hur t t o any per son by doi ng any act so r ashl y
or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e, or t he per sonal saf et y of
ot her s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er m whi ch may ext end t o si x mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end
t o f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 8,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

176

338.

Causi ng gr i evous hur t by act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal saf et y of
ot her s.

338. Causi ng gr i evous hur t by act endanger i ng l i f e or per sonal
saf et y of ot her s. - - Whoever causes gr i evous hur t t o any per son by doi ng
any act so r ashl y or negl i gent l y as t o endanger human l i f e, or t he
per sonal saf et y of ot her s, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.

Of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt and wr ongf ul conf i nement

339.

Wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .

339. Wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y obst r uct s any
per son so as t o pr event t hat per son f r ompr oceedi ng i n any di r ect i on
i n whi ch t hat per son has a r i ght t o pr oceed, i s sai d wr ongf ul l y t o
r est r ai n t hat per son.

Except i on. - The obst r uct i on of a pr i vat e way over l and or wat er
whi ch a per son i n good f ai t h bel i eves hi msel f t o have a l awf ul r i ght
t o obst r uct , i s not an of f ence wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.

I l l ust r at i on

A obst r uct s a pat h al ong whi ch Z has a r i ght t o pass. A not
bel i evi ng i n good f ai t h t hat he has a r i ght t o st op t he pat h. Z i s
t her eby pr event ed f r ompassi ng. A wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ns Z.

340.

Wr ongf ul conf i nement .

340. Wr ongf ul conf i nement . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ns any
per son i n such a manner as t o pr event t hat per son f r ompr oceedi ng
beyond cer t ai n ci r cumscr i bi ng l i mi t s, i s sai d " wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne"
t hat per son.


( a) A causes Z t o go wi t hi n a wal l ed space, and l ocks Z. Z i s
t hus pr event ed f r om pr oceedi ng i n any di r ect i on beyond t he
ci r cumscr i bi ng l i ne of wal l . A wr ongf ul l y conf i nes z.

( b) A pl aces men wi t h f i r ear ms at t he out l et s of a bui l di ng, and
t el l s Z t hat t hey wi l l f i r e at Z i f Z at t empt s l eave t he bui l di ng. A
wr ongf ul l y conf i nes Z.

341.

Puni shment f or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .

341. Puni shment f or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y
r est r ai ns any per son shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o
f i ve hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

342.

Puni shment f or wr ongf ul conf i nement .

342. Puni shment f or wr ongf ul conf i nement . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y
conf i nes any per son shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h
f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h bot h.

343.

Wr ongf ul conf i nement f or t hr ee or mor e days.

343. Wr ongf ul conf i nement f or t hr ee or mor e days. - - Whoever
wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son f or t hr ee days or mor e, shal l be

344.

Wr ongf ul conf i nement f or t en or mor e days.

344. Wr ongf ul conf i nement f or t en or mor e days. - - Whoever
wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son f or t en days, or mor e, shal l be

177

345.

Wr ongf ul conf i nement of per son f or whose l i ber at i on wr i t has been
i ssued.

345. Wr ongf ul conf i nement of per son f or whose l i ber at i on wr i t has
been i ssued. - - Whoever keeps any per son i n wr ongf ul conf i nement ,
knowi ng t hat a wr i t f or t he l i ber at i on of t hat per son has been dul y
i ssued, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s i n addi t i on t o any t er m of
i mpr i sonment t o whi ch he may be l i abl e under any ot her sect i on of t hi s
Chapt er .

346.

Wr ongf ul conf i nement i n secr et .

346. Wr ongf ul conf i nement i n secr et . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes
any per son i n such manner as t o i ndi cat e an i nt ent i on t hat t he
conf i nement of such per son may not be known t o any per son i nt er est ed
i n t he per son so conf i ned, or t o any publ i c ser vant , or t hat t he pl ace
of such conf i nement may not be known t o or di scover ed by any such
per son or publ i c ser vant as her ei nbef or e ment i oned, shal l be puni shed
t wo year s i n addi t i on t o any ot her puni shment t o whi ch he may be
l i abl e f or such wr ongf ul conf i nement .

347.

Wr ongf ul conf i nement t o ext or t pr oper t y, or const r ai n t o i l l egal act .

347. Wr ongf ul conf i nement t o ext or t pr oper t y, or const r ai n t o
i l l egal act . - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son f or t he pur pose
of ext or t i ng f r omt he per son conf i ned, or f r omany per son i nt er est ed
i n t he per son conf i ned, any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y or of
const r ai ni ng t he per son conf i ned or any per son i nt er est ed i n such
per son t o do anyt hi ng i l l egal or t o gi ve any i nf or mat i on whi ch may
f aci l i t at e t he commi ssi on of an of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h

348.

Wr ongf ul conf i nement t o ext or t conf essi on, or compel r est or at i on of
pr oper t y.

348. Wr ongf ul conf i nement t o ext or t conf essi on, or compel
r est or at i on of pr oper t y. - - Whoever wr ongf ul l y conf i nes any per son f or
t he pur pose of ext or t i ng f r omt he per son conf i ned or any per son
i nt er est ed i n t he per son conf i ned any conf essi on or any i nf or mat i on
whi ch may l ead t o t he det ect i on of an of f ence or mi sconduct , or f or
t he pur pose of const r ai ni ng t he per son conf i ned or any per son
i nt er est ed i n t he per son conf i ned t o r est or e or t o cause t he
r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y or t o sat i sf y any
cl ai mor demand, or t o gi ve i nf or mat i on whi ch may l ead t o t he
r est or at i on of any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, shal l be puni shed

Of cr i mi nal f or ce and assaul t

349.

For ce.

349. For ce. - - A per son i s sai d t o use f or ce t o anot her i f he
causes mot i on, change of mot i on, or cessat i on of mot i on t o t hat ot her ,
or i f he causes t o any subst ance such mot i on, or change of mot i on, or
cessat i on of mot i on as br i ngs t hat subst ance i nt o cont act wi t h any
par t of t hat ot her ' s body, or wi t h anyt hi ng whi ch t hat ot her i s
wear i ng or car r yi ng, or wi t h anyt hi ng so si t uat ed t hat such cont act
af f ect s t hat ot her ' s sense of f eel i ng: Pr ovi ded t hat t he per son
causi ng t he mot i on, or change of mot i on, or cessat i on of mot i on,
causes t hat mot i on, change of mot i on, or cessat i on of mot i on i n one of
t he t hr ee ways her ei naf t er descr i bed:

Fi r st . - By hi s own bodi l y power .

Secondl y. - By di sposi ng any subst ance i n such a manner t hat t he
mot i on or change or cessat i on of mot i on t akes pl ace wi t hout any
f ur t her act on hi s par t , or on t he par t of any ot her per son.

Thi r dl y. - By i nduci ng any ani mal t o move, t o change i t s mot i on, or
t o cease t o move.

178

350.

Cr i mi nal f or ce.

350. Cr i mi nal f or ce. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y uses f or ce t o any
per son, wi t hout t hat per son' s consent , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of
any of f ence, or i nt endi ng by t he use of such f or ce t o cause, or
knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat by t he use of such f or ce he wi l l cause
i nj ur y, f ear or annoyance t o t he per son t o whomt he f or ce i s used, i s
sai d t o use cr i mi nal f or ce t o t hat ot her .


( a) Z i s si t t i ng i n a moor ed boat on a r i ver . A unf ast ens t he
moor i ngs, and t hus i nt ent i onal l y causes t he boat t o dr i f t down t he
st r eam. Her e A i nt ent i onal l y causes mot i on t o Z, and he does t hi s by
di sposi ng subst ances i n such a manner t hat t he mot i on i s pr oduced
wi t hout any ot her act i on on any per son' s par t . A has t her ef or e
i nt ent i onal l y used f or ce t o Z; and i f he has done so wi t hout Z' s
consent , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence, or i nt endi ng or
knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat t hi s use of f or ce wi l l cause i nj ur y, f ear
or annoyance t o Z, A has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.

( b) Z i s r i di ng i n a char i ot . A l ashes Z' s hor ses and t her eby
causes t hem t o qui cken t hei r pace. Her e A has caused change of mot i on
t o Z by i nduci ng t he ani mal s t o change t hei r mot i on. A has t her ef or e
used f or ce t o Z; and i f A has done t hi s wi t hout Z' s consent , i nt endi ng
or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby i nj ur e, f r i ght en or
annoy Z, A has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.

( c) Z i s r i di ng i n a pal anqui n. A, i nt endi ng t o r ob Z, sei zes t he
pol e and st ops t he pal anqui n. Her e A has caused cessat i on of mot i on t o
Z, and he has done t hi s by hi s own bodi l y power . A has t her ef or e used
f or ce t o Z; and as A has act ed t hus i nt ent i onal l y, wi t hout Z' s
consent , i n or der t o t he commi ssi on of an of f ence. A has used
cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.

( d) A i nt ent i onal l y pushes agai nst Z i n t he st r eet . Her e A has by
hi s own bodi l y power moved hi s own per son so as t o br i ng i t i nt o
cont act wi t h Z. He has t her ef or e i nt ent i onal l y used f or ce t o Z; and i f
he has done so wi t hout Z' s consent , i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be
l i kel y t hat he may t her eby i nj ur e, f r i ght en or annoy Z, he has used

( e) A t hr ows a st one, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat
t he st one wi l l be t hus br ought i nt o cont act wi t h Z, or wi t h Z' s
cl ot hes, or wi t h somet hi ng car r i ed by Z, or t hat i t wi l l st r i ke wat er ,
and dash up t he wat er agai nst Z' s cl ot hes or somet hi ng car r i ed by Z.
Her e, i f t he t hr owi ng of t he st one pr oduce t he ef f ect of causi ng any
subst ance t o come i nt o cont act wi t h Z, or Z' s cl ot hes, A has used
f or ce t o Z, and i f he di d so wi t hout Z' s consent , i nt endi ng t her eby t o
i nj ur e, f r i ght en or annoy Z, he has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o Z.

( f ) A i nt ent i onal l y pul l s up a Woman' s vei l . Her e A i nt ent i onal l y
uses f or ce t o her , and i f he does so wi t hout her consent i nt endi ng or
knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby i nj ur e, f r i ght en or
annoy her , he has used cr i mi nal f or ce t o her .

( g) Z i s bat hi ng. A pour s i nt o t he bat h wat er whi ch he knows t o
be boi l i ng. Her e A i nt ent i onal l y by hi s own bodi l y power causes such
mot i on i n t he boi l i ng wat er as br i ngs t hat wat er i nt o cont act wi t h Z,
or wi t h ot her wat er so si t uat ed t hat such cont act must af f ect Z' s
sense of f eel i ng, A has t her ef or e i nt ent i onal l y used f or ce t o Z; and
i f he has done t hi s wi t hout Z' s consent i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be
l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause i nj ur y, f ear or annoyance t o Z, A has
used cr i mi nal f or ce.

179

( h) A i nci t es a dog t o spr i ng upon Z, wi t hout Z' s consent . Her e,
i f A i nt ends t o cause i nj ur y, f ear or annoyance t o Z, he uses

351.

Assaul t .

351. Assaul t . - - Whoever makes any gest ur e, or any pr epar at i on
i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such gest ur e or pr epar at i on
wi l l cause any per son pr esent t o appr ehend t hat he who makes t hat
gest ur e or pr epar at i on i s about t o use cr i mi nal f or ce t o t hat per son,
i s sai d t o commi t an assaul t .

Expl anat i on. - Mer e wor ds do not amount t o an assaul t . But t he
wor ds whi ch a per son uses may gi ve t o hi s gest ur es or pr epar at i on such
a meani ng as may make t hose gest ur es or pr epar at i ons amount t o an
assaul t .


( a) A shakes hi s f i st at Z, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y
t hat he may t her eby cause Z t o bel i eve t hat A i s about t o st r i ke Z. A
has commi t t ed an assaul t .

( b) A begi ns t o unl oose t he muzzl e of a f er oci ous dog, i nt endi ng
or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause Z t o bel i eve t hat
he i s about t o cause t he dog t o at t ack Z. A has commi t t ed an assaul t
upon Z.

( c) A t akes up a st i ck, sayi ng t o Z, " I wi l l gi ve you a beat i ng" .
Her e, t hough t he wor ds used by A coul d i n no case amount t o an
assaul t , and t hough t he mer e gest ur e, unaccompani ed by any ot her
ci r cumst ances, mi ght not amount t o an assaul t , t he gest ur e expl ai ned by
t he wor ds may amount t o an assaul t .

352.

Puni shment f or assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce ot her wi se t han on gr ave
pr ovocat i on.

352. Puni shment f or assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce ot her wi se t han on
gr ave pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any
per son ot her wi se t han on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on gi ven by t hat
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end

Expl anat i on. - Gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on wi l l not mi t i gat e t he
puni shment f or an of f ence under t hi s sect i on, i f t he pr ovocat i on i s
sought or vol unt ar i l y pr ovoked by t he of f ender as an excuse f or t he
of f ence, or

i f t he pr ovocat i on i s gi ven by anyt hi ng done i n obedi ence t o t he
l aw, or by a publ i c ser vant , i n t he l awf ul exer ci se of t he power s of
such publ i c ser vant , or

i f t he pr ovocat i on i s gi ven by anyt hi ng done i n t he l awf ul
exer ci se of t he r i ght of pr i vat e def ence.

Whet her t he pr ovocat i on was gr ave and sudden enough t o mi t i gat e
t he of f ence, i s a quest i on of f act .

353.

Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce t o det er publ i c ser vant f r omdi schar ge of
hi s dut y.

353. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce t o det er publ i c ser vant f r om
di schar ge of hi s dut y. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any
per son bei ng a publ i c ser vant i n t he execut i on of hi s dut y as such
publ i c ser vant , or wi t h i nt ent t o pr event or det er t hat per son f r om
di schar gi ng hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , or i n consequence of
anyt hi ng done or at t empt ed t o be done by such per son t o t he l awf ul
di schar ge of hi s dut y as such publ i c ser vant , shal l be puni shed wi t h

180

354.

Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce t o woman wi t h i nt ent t o out r age her
modest y.

354. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce t o woman wi t h i nt ent t o out r age
her modest y. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any woman,
i nt endi ng t o out r age or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her e by
out r age her modest y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

355.

Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce wi t h i nt ent t o di shonour per son, ot her wi se
t han on gr ave pr ovocat i on.

355. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce wi t h i nt ent t o di shonour per son,
ot her wi se t han on gr ave pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses
cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son, i nt endi ng t her eby t o di shonour t hat
per son, ot her wi se t han on gr ave and sudden pr ovocat i on gi ven by t hat
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

356.

Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce i n at t empt t o commi t t hef t of pr oper t y
car r i ed by a per son.

356. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce i n at t empt t o commi t t hef t of
pr oper t y car r i ed by a per son. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce
t o any per son, i n at t empt i ng t o commi t t hef t on any pr oper t y whi ch
t hat per son i s t hen wear i ng or car r yi ng shal l be puni shed wi t h

357.

Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce i n at t empt wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne a per son.

357. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce i n at t empt wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne a
per son. - - Whoever assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son, i n
at t empt i ng wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h
year , or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one t housand r upees, or wi t h
bot h.

358.

Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce on gr ave pr ovocat i on.

358. Assaul t or cr i mi nal f or ce on gr ave pr ovocat i on. - - Whoever
assaul t s or uses cr i mi nal f or ce t o any per son on gr ave and sudden
pr ovocat i on gi ven by t hat per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e
i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one mont h, or wi t h f i ne
whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

Expl anat i on. - The l ast sect i on i s subj ect t o t he same expl anat i on
as sect i on 352.

Of ki dnappi ng, abduct i on, sl aver y and f or ced l abour

359.

Ki dnappi ng.

359. Ki dnappi ng. - - Ki dnappi ng i s of t wo ki nds : ki dnappi ng f r om
1*[ I ndi a] , and ki dnappi ng f r oml awf ul guar di anshi p.

360.

Ki dnappi ng f r omI ndi a.

360. Ki dnappi ng f r omI ndi a. - - Whoever conveys any per son beyond
t he l i mi t s of 1*[ I ndi a] wi t hout t he consent of t hat per son, or of
some per son l egal l y aut hor i zed t o consent on behal f of t hat per son, i s
sai d t o ki dnap t hat per son f r om1*[ I ndi a] .

361.

Ki dnappi ng f r oml awf ul guar di anshi p.

361. Ki dnappi ng f r om l awf ul guar di anshi p. - - Whoever t akes or
ent i ces any mi nor under 2*[ si xt een] year s of age i f a mal e, or
under 3*[ ei ght een] year s of age i f a f emal e, or any per son of
unsound mi nd, out of t he keepi ng of t he l awf ul guar di an of such mi nor
or per son of unsound mi nd, wi t hout t he consent of such guar di an, i s
sai d t o ki dnap such mi nor or per son f r oml awf ul guar di anshi p.

Expl anat i on. - The wor ds " l awf ul guar di an" i n t hi s sect i on i ncl ude
any per son l awf ul l y ent r ust ed wi t h t he car e or cust ody of such mi nor
or ot her per son.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. , f or " t he St at es. "

2. Subs. by Act 42 of 1949, s. 2, f or " f our t een" .

3. Subs. , by s. 2, i bi d. , f or " si xt een" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

181

Except i on. - Thi s sect i on does not ext end t o t he act of any per son
who i n good f ai t h bel i eves hi msel f t o be t he f at her of an i l l egi t i mat e
chi l d, or who i n good f ai t h bel i eves hi msel f t o be ent i t l ed t o t he
l awf ul cust ody of such chi l d, unl ess such act i s commi t t ed f or an
i mmor al or unl awf ul pur pose.

362.

Abduct i on.

362. Abduct i on. - - Whoever by f or ce compel s, or by any decei t f ul
means i nduces any per son t o go f r omany pl ace, i s sai d t o abduct t hat
per son.

363.

Puni shment f or ki dnappi ng.

363. Puni shment f or ki dnappi ng. - - Whoever ki dnaps any per son f r om
1*[ I ndi a] or f r oml awf ul guar di anshi p, shal l be puni shed wi t h

363A.

Ki dnappi ng or mai mi ng a mi nor f or pur poses of beggi ng.

2*[ 363A. Ki dnappi ng or mai mi ng a mi nor f or pur poses of
beggi ng. - - ( 1) Whoever ki dnaps any mi nor or , not bei ng t he l awf ul
guar di an of a mi nor , obt ai ns t he cust ody of t he mi nor , i n or der t hat
such mi nor may be empl oyed or used f or t he pur poses of beggi ng shal l
be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

( 2) Whoever mai ms any mi nor i n or der t hat such mi nor may be
empl oyed or used f or t he pur poses of beggi ng shal l be puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

( 3) Wher e any per son, not bei ng t he l awf ul guar di an of a mi nor ,
empl oys or uses such mi nor f or t he pur poses of beggi ng, i t shal l be
pr esumed, unl ess t he cont r ar y i s pr oved, t hat he ki dnapped or
ot her wi se obt ai ned t he cust ody of t hat mi nor i n or der t hat t he mi nor
mi ght be empl oyed or used f or t he pur poses of beggi ng.

( 4) I n t hi s sect i on, -

( a) " beggi ng" means-

( i ) sol i ci t i ng or r ecei vi ng al ms i n a publ i c pl ace,
whet her under t he pr et ence of si ngi ng, danci ng,
f or t unet el l i ng, per f or mi ng t r i cks or sel l i ng ar t i cl es or
ot her wi se;

( i i ) ent er i ng on any pr i vat e pr emi ses f or t he pur pose of
sol i ci t i ng or r ecei vi ng al ms;

( i i i ) exposi ng or exhi bi t i ng, wi t h t he obj ect of
obt ai ni ng or ext or t i ng al ms, any sor e, wound, i nj ur y,
def or mi t y or di sease, whet her of hi msel f or of any ot her
per son or of an ani mal ;

( i v) usi ng a mi nor as an exhi bi t f or t he pur pose of
sol i ci t i ng or r ecei vi ng al ms;

( b) " mi nor " means-

( i ) i n t he case of a mal e, a per son under si xt een year s
of age; and

( i i ) i n t he case of a f emal e, a per son under ei ght een
year s of age. ]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2. I ns. by Act 52 of 1959, s. 2 ( w. e. f . 15- 1- 1960) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

182

364.

Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng i n or der t o mur der .

364. Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng i n or der t o mur der . - - Whoever ki dnaps
or abduct s any per son i n or der t hat such per son may be mur der ed or may
be so di sposed of as t o be put i n danger of bei ng mur der ed, shal l be
puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] or r i gor ous i mpr i sonment
f i ne.

I I I ust r at i ons

( a) A ki dnaps Z f r om2*[ I ndi a] , i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be
l i kel y t hat Z may be sacr i f i ced t o an i dol . A has commi t t ed t he

( b) A f or ci bl y car r i es or ent i ces B away f r omhi s home i n or der
t hat B may be mur der ed. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s
sect i on.

364A.

Ki dnappi n f or r ansom, et c.

3*364A. Ki dnappi ng f or r ansom, et c. - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s
any per son or keeps a per son i n det ent i on af t er such ki dnappi ng or
abduct i on, and t hr eat ens t o cause deat h or hur t t o such per son, or by
hi s conduct gi ves r i se t o a r easonabl e appr eensi on t hat such per son
may be put t o deat h or hur t , or causes hur t or deat h t o such per son i n
or der t o compel t he Gover nment or any f or ei gn St at e or i nt er nat i onal
i nt er - gover nment al or gani sat i on or any ot her per son t o do or abst ai n
f r om doi ng any act or t o pay a r ansom, shal l be puni shabl e wi t h deat h
or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

365.

Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng wi t h i nt ent secr et l y and wr ongf ul l y t o conf i ne
per son.

365. Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng wi t h i nt ent secr et l y and wr ongf ul l y
t o conf i ne per son. - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any per son wi t h i nt ent
t o cause t hat per son t o be secr et l y and wr ongf ul l y conf i ned, shal l be
puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may

366.

Ki dnappi ng, abduct i ng or i nduci ng woman t o compel her mar r i age, et c.

366. Ki dnappi ng, abduct i ng or i nduci ng woman t o compel her
mar r i age, et c. - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any woman wi t h i nt ent t hat
she may be compel l ed, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat she wi l l be
compel l ed, t o mar r y any per son agai nst her wi l l , or i n or der t hat she
may be f or ced or seduced t o i l l i ci t i nt er cour se, or knowi ng i t t o be
l i kel y t hat she wi l l be f or ced or seduced t o i l l i ci t i nt er cour se,
whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne;
3*[ and whoever , by means of cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on as def i ned i n t hi s
Code or of abuse of aut hor i t y or any ot her met hod of compul si on,
i nduces any woman t o go f r omany pl ace wi t h i nt ent t hat she may be, or
knowi ng t hat i t i s l i kel y t hat she wi l l be, f or ced or seduced t o
i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h anot her per son shal l al so be puni shabl e as
af or esai d] .

4*[ 366A.

Pr ocur at i on of mi nor gi r l .

6*[ 366A. Pr ocur at i on of mi nor gi r l . - - Whoever , by any means
what soever , i nduces any mi nor gi r l under t he age of ei ght een year s t o
go f r omany pl ace or t o do any act wi t h i nt ent t hat such gi r l may be,
or knowi ng t hat i t i s l i kel y t hat she wi l l be, f or ced or seduced t o
i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h anot her per son shal l be puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e
t o f i ne.

366B.

I mpor t at i on of gi r l f r omf or ei gn count r y.

366B. I mpor t at i on of gi r l f r omf or ei gn count r y. - - Whoever i mpor t s
i nt o 2*[ I ndi a] f r omany count r y out si de I ndi a 7*[ or f r omt he St at e
of J ammu and Kashmi r ] any gi r l under t he age of t went y- one year s wi t h
i nt ent t hat she may be, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat she wi l l be,
f or ced or seduced t o i l l i ci t i nt er cour se wi t h anot her per son,

5* * * * *

shal l be puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o t en
year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne. ]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
3. I ns. by Act 42 of 1997 s. 2.
4. Subs. by Act 24 of 1995, s. 2.
5. I ns. by Act 20 of 1923, s. 2.
6. I ns. by s. 3, i bi d.
7. I ns. by Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and Sch. ,
8. Cer t ai n wor ds omi t t ed by s. 3 and Sch. , i bi d.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

183

367.

Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng i n or der t o subj ect per son t o gr i evous hur t ,
sl aver y, et c.

367. Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng i n or der t o subj ect per son t o
gr i evous hur t , sl aver y, et c. - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any per son i n
or der t hat such per son may be subj ect ed, or may be so di sposed of as
t o be put i n danger of bei ng subj ect ed t o gr i evous hur t , or sl aver y,
or t o t he unnat ur al l ust of any per son, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y
t hat such per son wi l l be so subj ect ed or di sposed of , shal l be

368.

Wr ongf ul l y conceal i ng or keepi ng i n conf i nement , ki dnapped or abduct ed
per son.

368. Wr ongf ul l y conceal i ng or keepi ng i n conf i nement , ki dnapped
or abduct ed per son. - - Whoever , knowi ng t hat any per son has been
ki dnapped or has been abduct ed, wr ongf ul l y conceal s or conf i nes such
per son, shal l be puni shed i n t he same manner as i f he had ki dnapped or
abduct ed such per son wi t h t he same i nt ent i on or knowl edge, or f or t he
same pur pose as t hat wi t h or f or whi ch he conceal s or det ai ns such
per son i n conf i nement .

369.

Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng chi l d under t en year s wi t h i nt ent t o st eal
f r omi t s per son.

369. Ki dnappi ng or abduct i ng chi l d under t en year s wi t h i nt ent t o
st eal f r omi t s per son. - - Whoever ki dnaps or abduct s any chi l d under t he
age of t en year s wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t aki ng di shonest l y any movabl e
pr oper t y f r omt he per son of such chi l d, shal l be puni shed wi t h

370.

Buyi ng or di sposi ng of any per son as a sl ave.

370. Buyi ng or di sposi ng of any per son as a sl ave. - - Whoever
i mpor t s, expor t s, r emoves, buys, sel l s or di sposes of any per son as a
sl ave, or accept s, r ecei ves or det ai ns agai nst hi s wi l l any per son as
a sl ave, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
f i ne.

371.

Habi t ual deal i ng i n sl aves.

371. Habi t ual deal i ng i n sl aves. - - Whoever habi t ual l y i mpor t s,
expor t s, r emoves, buys, sel l s t r af f i cs or deal s i n sl aves, shal l be
puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so

372.

Sel l i ng mi nor f or pur poses of pr ost i t ut i on, et c.

372. Sel l i ng mi nor f or pur poses of pr ost i t ut i on, et c. - - Whoever
sel l s, l et s t o hi r e, or ot her wi se di sposes of any 2*[ per son under
t he age of ei ght een year s wi t h i nt ent t hat such per son shal l at any
age be empl oyed or used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on or i l l i ci t
i nt er cour se wi t h any per son or f or any unl awf ul and i mmor al pur pose,
or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such per son wi l l at any age be]
empl oyed or used f or any such pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h

3*[ Expl anat i on I . - When a f emal e under t he age of ei ght een
year s i s sol d, l et f or hi r e, or ot her wi se di sposed of t o a pr ost i t ut e
or t o any per son who keeps or manages a br ot hel , t he per son so
di sposi ng of such f emal e shal l , unt i l t he cont r ar y i s pr oved, be
pr esumed t o have di sposed of her wi t h t he i nt ent t hat she shal l be
used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on.

Expl anat i on I I . - For t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on " i l l i ci t
i nt er cour se" means sexual i nt er cour se bet ween per sons not uni t ed by
mar r i age, or by any uni on or t i e whi ch t hough not amount i ng t o a
mar r i age, i s r ecogni sed by t he per sonal l aw or cust omof t he communi t y
t o whi ch t hey bel ong or , wher e t hey bel ong t o di f f er ent communi t i es,
of bot h such communi t i es, as const i t ut i ng bet ween t hema quasi - mar i t al
r el at i on. ]

373.

Buyi ng mi nor f or pur poses of pr ost i t ut i on, et c.

373. Buyi ng mi nor f or pur poses of pr ost i t ut i on, et c. - - Whoever
buys, hi r es or ot her wi se obt ai ns possessi on of any 2*[ per son under
t he age of ei ght een year s wi t h i nt ent t hat such per son shal l at
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
2. Subs. by Act 18 of 1924, s. 2, f or " mi nor under t he age of
ei ght een year s wi t h i nt ent t hat such mi nor shal l be empl oyed or
used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on or f or any unl awf ul and
i mmor al pur pose, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such mi nor wi l l
be" .
3. I ns. by s. 3, i bi d,

184

any age be empl oyed or used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on or i l l i ci t
i nt er cour se wi t h any per son or f or any unl awf ul and i mmor al pur pose,
or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such per son wi l l at any age be]
empl oyed or used f or any such pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h

1*[ Expl anat i on I . - Any pr ost i t ut e or any per son keepi ng or
managi ng a br ot hel , who buys, hi r es or ot her wi se obt ai ns possessi on of
a f emal e under t he age of ei ght een year s shal l , unt i l t he cont r ar y i s
pr oved, be pr esumed t o have obt ai ned possessi on of such f emal e wi t h
t he i nt ent t hat she shal l be used f or t he pur pose of pr ost i t ut i on.

Expl anat i on I I . - " I l l i ci t i nt er cour se" has t he same meani ng as i n
sect i on 372. ]

374.

Unl awf ul compul sor y l abour .

374. Unl awf ul compul sor y l abour . - - Whoever unl awf ul l y compel s any
per son t o l abour agai nst t he wi l l of t hat per son, shal l be puni shed

2*[ Sexual of f ences

375.

Rape.

375. Rape. - - A man i s sai d t o commi t " r ape" who, except i n t he
case her ei naf t er except ed, has sexual i nt er cour se wi t h a woman under
ci r cumst ances f al l i ng under any of t he si x f ol l owi ng descr i pt i ons: -

Fi r st . - Agai nst her wi l l .

Secondl y. - Wi t hout her consent .

Thi r dl y. - Wi t h her consent , when her consent has been
obt ai ned by put t i ng her or any per son i n whom she i s i nt er est ed
i n f ear of deat h or of hur t .

Four t hl y. - Wi t h her consent , when t he man knows t hat he i s
not her husband, and t hat her consent i s gi ven because she
bel i eves t hat he i s anot her man t o whom she i s or bel i eves
her sel f t o be l awf ul l y mar r i ed.

Fi f t hl y. - Wi t h her consent , when, at t he t i me of gi vi ng such
consent , by r eason of unsoundness of mi nd or i nt oxi cat i on or t he
admi ni st r at i on by hi mper sonal l y or t hr ough anot her of any
st upef yi ng or unwhol esome subst ance, she i s unabl e t o under st and
t he nat ur e and consequences of t hat t o whi ch she gi ves consent .

Si xt hl y. - Wi t h or wi t hout her consent , when she i s under
si xt een year s of age.

Expl anat i on. - Penet r at i on i s suf f i ci ent t o const i t ut e t he sexual
i nt er cour se necessar y t o t he of f ence of r ape.

Except i on. - Sexual i nt er cour se by a man wi t h hi s own wi f e, t he
wi f e not bei ng under f i f t een year s of age, i s not r ape.

376.

Puni shment f or r ape.

376. Puni shment f or r ape. - - ( 1) Whoever , except i n t he cases
pr ovi ded f or by sub- sect i on ( 2) , commi t s r ape shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch shal l not be l ess
t han seven year s but whi ch may be f or l i f e or f or a t er m whi ch may
ext end t o t en year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne unl ess t he woman
r aped i s hi s own wi f e and i s not under t wel ve year s of age, i n whi ch
case, he shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s or wi t h f i ne or wi t h bot h:
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 18 of 1924, s. 4.
2. Subs. by Act 43 of 1983, s. 3 f or t he headi ng " Of r ape" and ss.
375 and 376.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

185

Pr ovi ded t hat t he cour t may, f or adequat e and speci al r easons t o
be ment i oned i n t he j udgment , i mpose a sent ence of i mpr i sonment f or a
t er mof l ess t han seven year s.

( 2) Whoever , -

( a) bei ng a pol i ce of f i cer commi t s r ape-

( i ) wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t he pol i ce st at i on t o whi ch
he i s appoi nt ed; or

( i i ) i n t he pr emi ses of any st at i on house whet her or
not si t uat ed i n t he pol i ce st at i on t o whi ch he i s
appoi nt ed; or

( i i i ) on a woman i n hi s cust ody or i n t he cust ody of a
pol i ce of f i cer subor di nat e t o hi m; or

( b) bei ng a publ i c ser vant , t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al
posi t i on and commi t s r ape on a woman i n hi s cust ody as such
publ i c ser vant or i n t he cust ody of a publ i c ser vant subor di nat e
t o hi m; or

( c) bei ng on t he management or on t he st af f of a j ai l ,
r emand home or ot her pl ace of cust ody est abl i shed by or under any
l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce or of a women' s or chi l dr en' s
i nst i t ut i on t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al posi t i on and commi t s
r ape on any i nmat e of such j ai l , r emand home, pl ace or
i nst i t ut i on; or

( d) bei ng on t he management or on t he st af f of a hospi t al ,
t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al posi t i on and commi t s r ape on a
woman i n t hat hospi t al ; or

( e) commi t s r ape on a woman knowi ng her t o be pr egnant ; or

( f ) commi t s r ape on a woman when she i s under t wel ve year s
of age; or

( g) commi t s gang r ape,

shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch shal l
not be l ess t han t en year s but whi ch may be f or l i f e and shal l al so be
l i abl e t o f i ne:

Pr ovi ded t hat t he cour t may, f or adequat e and speci al r easons t o
be ment i oned i n t he j udgment , i mpose a sent ence of i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mof l ess t han t en year s.

Expl anat i on 1. - Wher e a women' s i s r aped by one or mor e i n a gr oup
of per sons act i ng i n f ur t her ance of t hei r common i nt ent i on, each of
t he per sons shal l be deemed t o have commi t t ed gang r ape wi t hi n t he
meani ng of t hi s sub- sect i on.

Expl anat i on 2. - " women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on" means an
i nst i t ut i on, whet her cal l ed and or phanage or a home f or negl ect ed
women or chi l dr en or a wi dows' home or by any ot her name, whi ch i s
est abl i shed and mai nt ai ned f or t he r ecept i on and car e of women or
chi l dr en.

Expl anat i on 3. - " hospi t al " means t he pr eci nct s of t he hospi t al and
i ncl udes t he pr eci nct s of any i nst i t ut i on f or t he r ecept i on and
t r eat ment of per sons dur i ng conval escence or of per sons r equi r i ng
medi cal at t ent i on or r ehabi l i t at i on.

376A.

I nt er cour se by a man wi t h hi s wi f e dur i ng separ at i on.

376A. I nt er cour se by a man wi t h hi s wi f e dur i ng separ at i on. - -
Whoever has sexual i nt er cour se wi t h hi s own wi f e, who i s l i vi ng
separ at el y f r om hi munder a decr ee of separ at i on or under any cust om
or usage wi t hout her consent shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t wo year s and shal l

186

376B.

I nt er cour se by publ i c ser vant wi t h woman i n hi s cust ody.

376B. I nt er cour se by publ i c ser vant wi t h woman i n hi s cust ody. - -
Whoever , bei ng a publ i c ser vant , t akes advant age of hi s of f i ci al
posi t i on and i nduces or seduces, any woman, who i s i n hi s cust ody as
such publ i c ser vant or i n t he cust ody of a publ i c ser vant subor di nat e
t o hi m, t o have sexual i nt er cour se wi t h hi m, such sexual i nt er cour se
not amount i ng t o t he of f ence of r ape, shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve
year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

376C.

I nt er cour se by super i nt endent of j ai l , r emand home, et c.

376C. I nt er cour se by super i nt endent of j ai l , r emand home, et c. - -
Whoever , bei ng t he super i nt endent or manager of a j ai l , r emand home or
ot her pl ace of cust ody est abl i shed by or under any l aw f or t he t i me
bei ng i n f or ce or of a women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on t akes
advant age of hi s of f i ci al posi t i on and i nduces or seduces any f emal e
i nmat e of such j ai l , r emand home, pl ace or i nst i t ut i on t o have sexual
i nt er cour se wi t h hi m, such sexual i nt er cour se not amount i ng t o t he
of f ence of r ape, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so

Expl anat i on 1. - " Super i nt endent " i n r el at i on t o a j ai l , r emand
home or ot her pl ace of cust ody or a women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on,
i ncl udes a per son hol di ng any ot her of f i ce i n such j ai l , r emand home,
pl ace or i nst i t ut i on by vi r t ue of whi ch he can exer ci se any aut hor i t y
or cont r ol over i t s i nmat es.

Expl anat i on 2. - The expr essi on " women' s or chi l dr en' s i nst i t ut i on"
shal l have t he same meani ng as i n Expl anat i on 2 t o sub- sect i on ( 2) of
sect i on 376.

376D.

I nt er cour se by any member of t he management or st af f of a hospi t al
wi t h any woman i n t hat hospi t al .

376D. I nt er cour se by any member of t he management or st af f of a
hospi t al wi t h any woman i n t hat hospi t al . - - Whoever , bei ng on t he
management of a hospi t al or bei ng on t he st af f of a hospi t al t akes
advant age of hi s posi t i on and has sexual i nt er cour se wi t h any woman i n
t hat hospi t al , such sexual i nt er cour se not amount i ng t o t he of f ence of
r ape, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

Expl anat i on. - The expr essi on " hospi t al " shal l have t he same
meani ng as i n Expl anat i on 3 t o sub- sect i on ( 2) of sect i on 376. ]

Of unnat ur al of f ences

377.

Unnat ur al of f ences.

377. Unnat ur al of f ences. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y has car nal
i nt er cour se agai nst t he or der of nat ur e wi t h any man, woman or ani mal ,

Expl anat i on. - Penet r at i on i s suf f i ci ent t o const i t ut e t he car nal
i nt er cour se necessar y t o t he of f ence descr i bed i n t hi s sect i on.

CHAPTER XVI I

OF OFFENCES AGAI NST PROPERTY

CHAPTER XVI I

OF OFFENCES AGAI NST PROPERTY

Of t hef t

378.

Thef t .

378. Thef t . - - Whoever , i nt endi ng t o t ake di shonest l y any movabl e
pr oper t y out of t he possessi on of any per son wi t hout t hat per son' s
consent , moves t hat pr oper t y i n or der t o such t aki ng, i s sai d t o
commi t t hef t .

Expl anat i on 1. - A t hi ng so l ong as i t i s at t ached t o t he ear t h,
not bei ng movabl e pr oper t y, i s not t he subj ect of t hef t ; but i t
becomes capabl e of bei ng t he subj ect of t hef t as soon as i t i s sever ed
f r omt he ear t h.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e " .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

187

Expl anat i on 2. - A movi ng ef f ect ed by t he same act whi ch ef f ect s
t he sever ance may be a t hef t .

Expl anat i on 3. - A per son i s sai d t o cause a t hi ng t o move by
r emovi ng an obst acl e whi ch pr event ed i t f r ommovi ng or by separ at i ng
i t f r omany ot her t hi ng, as wel l as by act ual l y movi ng i t .

Expl anat i on 4. - A per son, who by any means causes an ani mal t o
move, i s sai d t o move t hat ani mal , and t o move ever yt hi ng whi ch, i n
consequence of t he mot i on so caused, i s moved by t hat ani mal .

Expl anat i on 5. - The consent ment i oned i n t he def i ni t i on may be
expr ess or i mpl i ed, and may be gi ven ei t her by t he per son i n
possessi on, or by any per son havi ng f or t hat pur pose aut hor i t y ei t her
expr ess or i mpl i ed.


( a) A cut s down a t r ee on Z' s gr ound, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of
di shonest l y t aki ng t he t r ee out of Z' s possessi on wi t hout Z' s consent .
Her e, as soon as A has sever ed t he t r ee i n or der t o such t aki ng, he
has commi t t ed t hef t .

( b) A put s a bai t f or dogs i n hi s pocket , and t hus i nduces Z' s
dog t o f ol l ow i t . Her e, i f A' s i nt ent i on be di shonest l y t o t ake t he
dog out of Z' s possessi on wi t hout Z' s consent , A has commi t t ed t hef t
as soon as Z' s dog has begun t o f ol l ow A.

( c) A meet s a bul l ock car r yi ng a box of t r easur e. He dr i ves t he
bul l ock i n a cer t ai n di r ect i on, i n or der t hat he may di shonest l y t ake
t he t r easur e. As soon as t he bul l ock begi ns t o move, A has commi t t ed
t hef t of t he t r easur e.

( d) A bei ng Z' s ser vant , and ent r ust ed by Z wi t h t he car e of Z' s
pl at e, di shonest l y r uns away wi t h t he pl at e, wi t hout Z' s consent . A
has commi t t ed t hef t .

( e) Z, goi ng on a j our ney, ent r ust s hi s pl at e t o A, t he keeper of
a war ehouse, t i l l Z shal l r et ur n. A car r i es t he pl at e t o a gol dsmi t h
and sel l s i t . Her e t he pl at e was not i n Z' s possessi on. I t coul d not
t her ef or e be t aken out of Z' s possessi on, and A has not commi t t ed
t hef t , t hough he may have commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .

( f ) A f i nds a r i ng bel ongi ng t o Z on a t abl e i n t he house whi ch Z
occupi es. Her e t he r i ng i s i n Z' s possessi on, and i f A di shonest l y
r emoves i t , A commi t s t hef t .

( g) A f i nds a r i ng l yi ng on t he hi gh- r oad, not i n t he possessi on
of any per son. A, by t aki ng i t , commi t s no t hef t , t hough he may commi t
cr i mi nal mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y.

( h) A sees a r i ng bel ongi ng t o Z l yi ng on a t abl e i n Z' s house.
Not vent ur i ng t o mi sappr opr i at e t he r i ng i mmedi at el y f or f ear of
sear ch and det ect i on, A hi des t he r i ng i n a pl ace wher e i t i s hi ghl y
i mpr obabl e t hat i t wi l l ever be f ound by Z, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of
t aki ng t he r i ng f r omt he hi di ng pl ace and sel l i ng i t when t he l oss i s
f or got t en. Her e A, at t he t i me of f i r st movi ng t he r i ng, commi t s
t hef t .

( i ) A del i ver s hi s wat ch t o Z, a j ewel l er , t o be r egul at ed. Z
car r i es i t t o hi s shop. A, not owi ng t o t he j ewel l er any debt f or
whi ch t he j ewel l er mi ght l awf ul l y det ai n t he wat ch as a secur i t y,
ent er s t he shop openl y, t akes hi s wat ch by f or ce out of Z' s hand, and
car r i es i t away. Her e A, t hough he may have commi t t ed cr i mi nal
t r espass and assaul t , has not commi t t ed t hef t , i nasmuch as what he di d
was not done di shonest l y.

188

( j ) I f A owes money t o Z f or r epai r i ng t he wat ch, and i f Z
r et ai ns t he wat ch l awf ul l y as a secur i t y f or t he debt , and A t akes t he
wat ch out of Z' s possessi on, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of depr i vi ng Z of t he
pr oper t y as a secur i t y f or hi s debt , he commi t s t hef t , i nasmuch as he
t akes i t di shonest l y.

( k) Agai n, i f A, havi ng pawned hi s wat ch t o Z, t akes i t out of
Z' s possessi on wi t hout Z' s consent , not havi ng pai d what he bor r owed
on t he wat ch, he commi t s t hef t , t hough t he wat ch i s hi s own pr oper t y
i nasmuch as he t akes i t di shonest l y.

( l ) A t akes an ar t i cl e bel ongi ng t o Z out of Z' s possessi on
wi t hout Z' s consent , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of keepi ng i t unt i l he obt ai ns
money f r om Z as a r ewar d f or i t s r est or at i on. Her e A t akes
di shonest l y; A has t her ef or commi t t ed t hef t .

( m) A, bei ng on f r i endl y t er ms wi t h Z, goes i nt o Z' s l i br ar y i n
Z' s absence, and t akes away a book wi t hout Z' s expr ess consent f or t he
pur pose mer el y of r eadi ng i t , and wi t h t he i nt ent i on of r et ur ni ng i t .
Her e, i t i s pr obabl e t hat A may have concei ved t hat he had Z' s i mpl i ed
consent t o use Z' s book. I f t hi s was A' s i mpr essi on, A has not
commi t t ed t hef t .

( n) A asks char i t y f r omZ' s wi f e. She gi ves A money, f ood and
cl ot hes, whi ch A knows t o bel ong t o Z her husband. Her e i t i s pr obabl e
t hat A may concei ve t hat Z' s wi f e i s aut hor i zed t o gi ve away al ms. I f
t hi s was A' s i mpr essi on, A has not commi t t ed t hef t .

( o) A i s t he par amour of Z' s wi f e. She gi ves a val uabl e pr oper t y,
whi ch A knows t o bel ong t o her husband Z, and t o be such pr oper t y as
she has not aut hor i t y f r omZ t o gi ve. I f A t akes t he pr oper t y
di shonest l y, he commi t s t hef t .

( p) A, i n good f ai t h, bel i evi ng pr oper t y bel ongi ng t o Z t o be A' s
own pr oper t y, t akes t hat pr oper t y out of B' s possessi on. Her e, as A
does not t ake di shonest l y, he does not commi t t hef t .

379.

Puni shment f or t hef t .

379. Puni shment f or t hef t . - - Whoever commi t s t hef t shal l be

380.

Thef t i n dwel l i ng house, et c.

380. Thef t i n dwel l i ng house, et c. - - Whoever commi t s t hef t i n any
bui l di ng, t ent or vessel , whi ch bui l di ng, t ent or vessel i s used as a
human dwel l i ng, or used f or t he cust ody of pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed

381.

Thef t by cl er k or ser vant of pr oper t y i n possessi on of mast er .

381. Thef t by cl er k or ser vant of pr oper t y i n possessi on of
mast er . - - Whoever , bei ng a cl er k or ser vant , or bei ng empl oyed i n t he
capaci t y of a cl er k or ser vant , commi t s t hef t i n r espect of any
pr oper t y i n t he possessi on of hi s mast er or empl oyer , shal l be

382.

Thef t af t er pr epar at i on made f or causi ng deat h, hur t or r est r ai nt i n
or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t he t hef t .

382. Thef t af t er pr epar at i on made f or causi ng deat h, hur t or
r est r ai nt i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t he t hef t . - - Whoever commi t s
t hef t , havi ng made pr epar at i on f or causi ng deat h, or hur t , or
r est r ai nt , or f ear of deat h, or of hur t , or of r est r ai nt , t o any
per son, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of such t hef t , or i n or der t o t he
ef f ect i ng of hi s escape af t er t he commi t t i ng of such t hef t or i n or der
t o t he r et ai ni ng of pr oper t y t aken by such t hef t , shal l be puni shed
wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s,
and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.


( a) A commi t s t hef t on pr oper t y i n Z' s possessi on; and, whi l e
commi t t i ng t hi s t hef t , he has a l oaded pi st ol under hi s gar ment ,
havi ng pr ovi ded t hi s pi st ol f or t he pur pose of hur t i ng Z i n case Z
shoul d r esi st . A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.

189

( b) A pi cks Z' s pocket , havi ng post ed sever al of hi s compani ons
near hi m, i n or der t hat t hey may r est r ai n Z, i f Z shoul d per cei ve what
i s passi ng and shoul d r esi st , or shoul d at t empt t o appr ehend A. A has

Of ext or t i on

383.

Ext or t i on.

383. Ext or t i on. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y put s any per son i n f ear of
any i nj ur y t o t hat per son, or t o any ot her , and t her eby di shonest l y
i nduces t he per son so put i n f ear t o del i ver t o any per son any
pr oper t y, or val uabl e secur i t y or anyt hi ng si gned or seal ed whi ch may
be conver t ed i nt o a val uabl e secur i t y, commi t s " ext or t i on" .


( a) A t hr eat ens t o publ i sh a def amat or y l i bel concer ni ng Z unl ess
Z gi ves hi mmoney. He t hus i nduces Z t o gi ve hi m money. A has
commi t t ed ext or t i on.

( b) A t hr eat ens Z t hat he wi l l keep Z' s chi l d i n wor ngf ul
conf i nement , unl ess Z wi l l si gn and del i ver t o A a pr omi ssor y not e
bi ndi ng Z t o pay cer t ai n moni es t o A t o Z si ngs and del i ver s t he not e.
A has commi t t ed ext or t i on.

( c) A t hr eat ens t o send cl ub- men t o pl ough up Z' s f i el d unl ess Z
wi l l si gn and del i ver t o B a bond bi ndi ng Z under a penal t y t o del i ver
cer t ai n pr oduce t o B, and t her eby i nduces Z t o si gn and del i ver t he
bond. A has commi t t ed ext or t i on.

( d) A, by put t i ng Z i n f ear of gr i evous hur t , di shonest l y i nduces
Z t o si gn or af f i x hi s seal t o a bl ank paper and del i ver i t t o A. Z
si ngs and del i ver s t he paper t o A. Her e, as t he paper so si gned may be
conver t ed i nt o a val uabl e secur i t y A has commi t t ed ext or t i on.

384.

Puni shment f or ext or t i on.

384. Puni shment f or ext or t i on. - - Whoever commi t s ext or t i on shal l
may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

385.

Put t i ng per son i n f ear of i nj ur y i n or der t o commi t ext or t i on.

385. Put t i ng per son i n f ear of i nj ur y i n or der t o commi t
ext or t i on. - - Whoever , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of ext or t i on, put s any
per son i n f ear , or at t empt s t o put any per son i n f ear , of any i nj ur y,
whi ch may ext end t o t wo year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

386.

Ext or t i on by put t i ng a per son i n f ear of deat h or gr i evous hur t .

386. Ext or t i on by put t i ng a per son i n f ear of deat h or gr i evous
hur t . - - Whoever commi t s ext or t i on by put t i ng any per son i n f ear of
deat h or of gr i evous hur t t o t hat per son or t o any ot her , shal l be

387.

Put t i ng per son i n f ear of deat h or of gr i evous hur t , i n or der t o
commi t ext or t i on.

387. Put t i ng per son i n f ear of deat h or of gr i evous hur t , i n
or der t o commi t ext or t i on. - - Whoever i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of
ext or t i on, put s or at t empt s t o put any per son i n f ear of deat h or of
gr i evous hur t t o t hat per son or t o any ot her , shal l be puni shed wi t h

388.

Ext or t i on by t hr eat of accusat i on of an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h
or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, et c.

388. Ext or t i on by t hr eat of accusat i on of an of f ence puni shabl e
wi t h deat h or i mpr i sonment f or l i f e, et c. - - Whoever commi t s ext or t i on
by put t i ng any per son i n f ear of an accusat i on agai nst t hat per son or
any ot her , of havi ng commi t t ed or at t empt ed t o commi t any of f ence
puni shabl e wi t h deat h, or wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, or of havi ng
at t empt ed t o i nduce any ot her per son t o commi t such of f ence, shal l
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

190

whi ch may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and,
i f t he of f ence be one puni shabl e under sect i on 377 of t hi s Code, may
be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] .

389.

Put t i ng per son i n f ear or accusat i on of of f ence, i n or der t o commi t
ext or t i on.

389. Put t i ng per son i n f ear or accusat i on of of f ence, i n or der t o
commi t ext or t i on. - - Whoever , i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of ext or t i on,
put s or at t empt s t o put any per son i n f ear of an accusat i on, agai nst
t hat per son or any ot her , of havi ng commi t t ed, or at t empt ed t o commi t ,
an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h or wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] ,
or wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en year s, shal l
may ext end t o t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f t he
of f ence be puni shabl e under sect i on 377 of t hi s Code, may be puni shed
wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] .

Of r obber y and dacoi t y

390.

Robber y.

390. Robber y. - - I n al l r obber y t her e i s ei t her t hef t or ext or t i on.

When t hef t i s r obber y.

When t hef t i s r obber y. - - Thef t i s " r obber y" i f , i n or der t o t he
commi t t i ng of t he t hef t , or i n commi t t i ng t he t hef t , or i n car r yi ng
away or at t empt i ng t o car r y away pr oper t y obt ai ned by t he t hef t , t he
of f ender , f or t hat end, vol unt ar i l y causes or at t empt s t o cause t o any
per son deat h or hur t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , or f ear of i nst ant deat h
or of i nst ant hur t , or of i nst ant wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .

When ext or t i on i s r obber y.

When ext or t i on i s r obber y. - - Ext or t i on i s " r obber y" i f t he
of f ender , at t he t i me of commi t t i ng t he ext or t i on, i s i n t he pr esence
of t he per son put i n f ear , and commi t s t he ext or t i on by put t i ng t hat
per son i n f ear of i nst ant deat h, of i nst ant hur t , or of i nst ant
wr ongf ul r est r ai nt t o t hat per son or t o some ot her per son, and, by so
put t i ng i n f ear , i nduces t he per son, so put i n f ear t hen and t her e t o
del i ver up t he t hi ng ext or t ed.

Expl anat i on. - The of f ender i s sai d t o be pr esent i f he i s
suf f i ci ent l y near t o put t he ot her per son i n f ear of i nst ant deat h, of
i nst ant hur t , or of i nst ant wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .


( a) A hol ds Z down, and f r audul ent l y t akes Z' s money and j ewel s
f r omZ' s cl ot hes, wi t hout Z' s consent . Her e A has commi t t ed t hef t ,
and, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of t hat t hef t , has vol unt ar i l y caused
wr ongf ul r est r ai nt t o Z. A has t her ef or e commi t t ed r obber y.

( b) A meet s Z on t he hi gh r oad, shows a pi st ol , and demands Z' s
pur se. Z, i n consequence, sur r ender s hi s pur se. Her e A has ext or t ed
t he pur se f r omZ by put t i ng hi mi n f ear of i nst ant hur t , and bei ng at
t he t i me of commi t t i ng t he ext or t i on i n hi s pr esence. A has t her ef or e
commi t t ed r obber y.

( c) A meet s Z and Z' s chi l d on t he hi gh r oad. A t akes t he chi l d,
and t hr eat ens t o f i l i ng i t down a pr eci pi ce, unl ess Z del i ver s hi s
pur se. Z, i n consequence, del i ver s hi s pur se. Her e A has ext or t ed t he
pur se f r om Z, by causi ng Z t o be i n f ear of i nst ant hur t t o t he chi l d
who i s t her e pr esent . A has t her ef or e commi t t ed r obber y on Z.

( d) A obt ai ns pr oper t y f r omZ by sayi ng- " Your chi l d i s i n t he
hands of my gang, and wi l l be put t o deat h unl ess you send us t en
t housand r upees" . Thi s i s ext or t i on, and puni shabl e as such: but i t i s
not r obber y, unl ess Z i s put i n f ear of t he i nst ant deat h of hi s
chi l d.

391.

Dacoi t y.

391. Dacoi t y. - - When f i ve or mor e per sons conj oi nt l y commi t or
at t empt t o commi t a r obber y, or wher e t he whol e number of per sons
conj oi nt l y commi t t i ng or at t empt i ng t o commi t a r obber y, and per sons
pr esent and ai di ng such commi ssi on or at t empt , amount t o f i ve or mor e,
ever y per son so commi t t i ng, at t empt i ng or ai di ng, i s sai d t o commi t
" dacoi t y" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e. "
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

191

392.

Puni shment f or r obber y.

392. Puni shment f or r obber y. - - Whoever commi t s r obber y shal l be
puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en
year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f t he r obber y be
commi t t ed on t he hi ghway bet ween sunset and sunr i se, t he i mpr i sonment
may be ext ended t o f our t een year s.

393.

At t empt t o commi t r obber y.

393. At t empt t o commi t r obber y. - - Whoever at t empt s t o commi t
r obber y shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

394.

Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t i n commi t t i ng r obber y.

394. Vol unt ar i l y causi ng hur t i n commi t t i ng r obber y. - - I f any
per son, i n commi t t i ng or i n at t empt i ng t o commi t r obber y, vol unt ar i l y
causes hur t , such per son, and any ot her per son j oi nt l y concer ned i n
commi t t i ng or at t empt i ng t o commi t such r obber y, shal l be puni shed
wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a

395.

Puni shment f or dacoi t y.

395. Puni shment f or dacoi t y. - - Whoever commi t s dacoi t y shal l be
puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous

396.

Dacoi t y wi t h mur der .

396. Dacoi t y wi t h mur der . - - I f any one of f i ve or mor e per sons,
who ar e conj oi nt l y commi t t i ng dacoi t y, commi t s mur der i n so commi t t i ng
dacoi t y, ever y one of t hose per sons shal l be puni shed wi t h deat h, or
1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch

397.

Robber y or dacoi t y, wi t h at t empt t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t .

397. Robber y or dacoi t y, wi t h at t empt t o cause deat h or gr i evous
hur t . - - I f , at t he t i me of commi t t i ng r obber y or dacoi t y, t he of f ender
uses any deadl y weapon, or causes gr i evous hur t t o any per son, so
at t empt s t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t t o any per son, t he
i mpr i sonment wi t h whi ch such of f ender shal l be puni shed shal l not be
l ess t han seven year s.

398.

At t empt t o commi t r obber y or dacoi t y when ar med wi t h deadl y weapon.

398. At t empt t o commi t r obber y or dacoi t y when ar med wi t h deadl y
weapon. - - I f , at t he t i me of at t empt i ng t o commi t r obber y or dacoi t y,
t he of f ender i s ar med wi t h any deadl y weapon, t he i mpr i sonment wi t h
whi ch such of f ender shal l be puni shed shal l not be l ess t han seven
year s.

399.

Maki ng pr epar at i on t o commi t dacoi t y.

399. Maki ng pr epar at i on t o commi t dacoi t y. - - Whoever makes any
pr epar at i on f or commi t t i ng dacoi t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous

400.

Puni shment f or bel ongi ng t o gang of dacoi t s.

400. Puni shment f or bel ongi ng t o gang of dacoi t s. - - Whoever , at
any t i me af t er t he passi ng of t hi s Act , shal l bel ong t o a gang of
per sons associ at ed f or t he pur pose of habi t ual l y commi t t i ng dacoi t y,
shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous

401.

Puni shment f or bel ongi ng t o gang of t hi eves.

401. Puni shment f or bel ongi ng t o gang of t hi eves. - - Whoever , at
any t i me af t er t he passi ng of t hi s Act , shal l bel ong t o any wander i ng
or ot her gang of per sons associ at ed f or t he pur pose of habi t ual l y
commi t t i ng t hef t or r obber y, and not bei ng a gang of t hugs or dacoi t s,
shal l be puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may

402.

Assembl i ng f or pur pose of commi t t i ng dacoi t y.

402. Assembl i ng f or pur pose of commi t t i ng dacoi t y. - - Whoever , at
any t i me af t er t he passi ng of t hi s Act , shal l be one of f i ve or mor e
per sons assembl ed f or t he pur pose of commi t t i ng dacoi t y, shal l be
puni shed wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o

Of cr i mi nal mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y

403.

Di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y.

403. Di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y. - - Whoever di shonest l y
mi sappr opr i at es or conver t s t o hi s own use any movabl e pr oper t y, shal l
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e. "
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

192


( a) A t akes pr oper t y bel ongi ng t o Z out of Z' s possessi on i n good
f ai t h, bel i evi ng, at t he t i me when he t akes i t , t hat t he pr oper t y
bel ongs t o hi msel f . A i s not gui l t y of t hef t ; but i f A, af t er
di scover i ng hi s mi st ake, di shonest l y appr opr i at es t he pr oper t y t o hi s
own use, he i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

( b) A, bei ng on f r i endl y t er ms wi t h Z, goes i nt o Z' s l i br ar y i n
Z' s absence and t akes away a book wi t hout Z' s expr ess consent . Her e,
i f A was under t he i mpr essi on t hat he had Z' s i mpl i ed consent t o t ake
t he book f or t he pur pose of r eadi ng i t , A has not commi t t ed t hef t .
But , i f A af t er war ds sel l s t he book f or hi s own benef i t , he i s gui l t y
of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

( c) A and B bei ng j oi nt owner s of a hor se, A t akes t he hor se out
of B' s possessi on, i nt endi ng t o use i t . Her e as A has a r i ght t o use
t he hor se, he does not di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at e i t . But , i f A sel l s
t he hor se and appr opr i at es t he whol e pr oceeds t o hi s own use, he i s
gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

Expl anat i on 1. - A di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on f or a t i me onl y i s a
mi sappr opr i at i on wi t h t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.

I l l ust r at i on

A f i nds a Gover nment pr omi ssor y not e bel ongi ng t o Z, bear i ng a
bl ank endor sement . A, knowi ng t hat t he not e bel ongs t o Z, pl edges i t
wi t h a banker as a secur i t y or a l oan, i nt endi ng at a f ut ur e t i me t o
r est or e i t t o Z. A has commi t t ed an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

Expl anat i on 2. - A per son who f i nds pr oper t y not i n t he possessi on
of any ot her per son, and such pr oper t y f or t he pur pose of pr ot ect i ng
i t f or , or of r est or i ng i t t o, t he owner , does not t ake or
mi sappr opr i at e i t di shonest l y, and i s not gui l t y of an of f ence; but he
i s gui l t y of t he of f ence above def i ned, i f he appr opr i at es i t t o hi s
own use, when he knows or has t he means of di scover i ng t he owner , or
bef or e he has used r easonabl e means t o di scover and gi ve not i ce t o t he
owner and has kept t he pr oper t y a r easonabl e t i me t o enabl e t he owner
t o cl ai mi t .

What ar e r easonabl e means or what i s a r easonabl e t i me i n such a
case, i s a quest i on of f act .

I t i s not necessar y t hat t he f i nder shoul d know who i s t he owner
of t he pr oper t y, or t hat any par t i cul ar per son i s t he owner of i t : i t
i s suf f i ci ent i f , at t he t i me of appr opr i at i ng i t , he does not bel i eve
i t t o be hi s own pr oper t y, or i n good f ai t h bel i eve t hat t he r eal
owner cannot be f ound.


( a) A f i nds a r upee on t he hi gh- r oad, not knowi ng t o whomt he
r upee bel ong, A pi cks up t he r upee. Her e A has not commi t t ed t he

( b) A f i nds a l et t er on t he r oad, cont ai ni ng a bank not e. Fr om
t he di r ect i on and cont ent s of t he l et t er he l ear ns t o whomt he not e
bel ongs. He appr opr i at es t he not e. He i s gui l t y of an of f ence under
t hi s sect i on.

( c) A f i nds a cheque payabl e t o bear er . He can f or mno conj ect ur e
as t o t he per son who has l ost t he cheque. But t he name of t he per son,
who has dr awn t he cheque, appear s. A knows t hat t hi s per son can di r ect
hi mt o t he per son i n whose f avour t he cheque was dr awn. A appr opr i at es
t he cheque wi t hout at t empt i ng t o di scover t he owner . He i s gui l t y of
an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

193

( d) A sees Z dr op hi s pur se wi t h money i n i t . A pi ck up t he pur se
wi t h t he i nt ent i on of r est or i ng i t t o Z, bu af t er war ds appr opr i at es i t
t o hi s own use. A has commi t t ed an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

( e) A f i nds a pur se wi t h money, not knowi ng t o whomi t bel ongs;
he af t er war ds di scover s t hat i t bel ongs t o Z, and appr opr i at es i t t o
hi s own use. A i s gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

( f ) A f i nds a val uabl e r i ng, not knowi ng t o whomi t bel ongs. A
sel l s i t i mmedi at el y wi t hout at t empt i ng t o di scover t he owner . A i s
gui l t y of an of f ence under t hi s sect i on.

404.

Di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y possessed by deceased per son at
t he t i me of hi s deat h.

404. Di shonest mi sappr opr i at i on of pr oper t y possessed by deceased
per son at t he t i me of hi s deat h. - Whoever di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es
or conver t s t o hi s own use pr oper t y, knowi ng t hat such pr oper t y was i n
t he possessi on of a deceased per son at t he t i me of t hat per son' s
decease, and has not si nce been i n t he possessi on of any per son
l egal l y ent i t l ed t o such possessi on, shal l be puni shed wi t h
t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne, and i f t he of f ender at
t he t i me of such per son' s decease was empl oyed by hi mas a cl er k or
ser vant , t he i mpr i sonment may ext end t o seven year s.

I l l ust r at i on

Z di es i n possessi on of f ur ni t ur e and money. Hi s ser vant A,
bef or e t he money comes i nt o t he possessi on of any per son ent i t l ed t o
such possessi on, di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es i t . A has commi t t ed t he

Of cr i mi nal br each of t r ust

405.

Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .

405. Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust . - - Whoever , bei ng i n any manner
ent r ust ed wi t h pr oper t y, or wi t h any domi ni on over pr oper t y,
di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es or conver t s t o hi s own use t hat pr oper t y,
or di shonest l y uses or di sposes of t hat pr oper t y i n vi ol at i on of any
di r ect i on of l aw pr escr i bi ng t he mode i n whi ch such t r ust i s t o be
di schar ged, or of any l egal cont r act , expr ess or i mpl i ed, whi ch he has
made t ouchi ng t he di schar ge of such t r ust , or wi l f ul l y suf f er s any
ot her per son so t o do, commi t s " cr i mi nal br each of t r ust " .

1*[ 2*[ Expl anat i on 1] . - A per son, bei ng an empl oyer 3*[ of an
est abl i shment whet her exempt ed under sect i on 17 of t he Empl oyees'
Pr ovi dent Funds and Mi scel l aneous Pr ovi si ons Act , 1952 ( 19 of 1952) or
not ] who deduct s t he empl oyees' cont r i but i on f r omt he wages payabl e t o
t he empl oyee f or cr edi t t o a Pr ovi dent Fund or Fami l y Pensi on Fund
est abl i shed by any l aw f or t he t i me bei ng i n f or ce, shal l be deemed t o
have been ent r ust ed wi t h t he amount of t he cont r i but i on so deduct ed by
hi mand i f he makes def aul t i n t he payment of such cont r i but i on t o t he
sai d Fund i n vi ol at i on of t he sai d l aw shal l be deemed t o have
di shonest l y used t he amount of t he sai d cont r i but i on i n vi ol at i on of a
di r ect i on of l aw as af or esai d. ]

4*[ Expl anat i on 2. - A per son, bei ng an empl oyer , who deduct s t he
empl oyees cont r i but i on f r omt he wages payabl e t o t he empl oyee f or
cr edi t t o t he Empl oyees' St at e I nsur ance Fund hel d and admi ni st er ed by
t he Empl oyees' St at e I nsur ance Cor por at i on est abl i shed under t he
Empl oyees' St at e I nsur ance Act , 1948 ( 34 of 1948) , shal l be deemed t o
have been ent r ust ed wi t h t he amount of t he cont r i but i on so deduct ed by
hi mand i f he makes def aul t i n t he payment of such cont r i but i on t o t he
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 40 of 1973, s. 9 ( w. e. f . 1- 11- 1973) .
2. Expl anat i on r enumber ed as Expl anat i on 1 by Act 38 of 1975, s. 9
( w. e. f . 1- 9- 1975) .
3. I ns. by Act 33 of 1988, s. 27 ( w. e. f . 1- 8- 1988) .
4. I ns. by Act 38 of 1975, s. 9 ( w. e. f . 1- 9- 1975) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

194

sai d Fund i n vi ol at i on of t he sai d Act , shal l be deemed t o have
di shonest l y used t he amount of t he sai d cont r i but i on i n vi ol at i on of a
di r ect i on of l aw as af or esai d. ]


( a) A, bei ng execut or t o t he wi l l of a deceased per son,
di shonest l y di sobeys t he l aw whi ch di r ect s hi mt o di vi de t he ef f ect s
accor di ng t o t he wi l l , and appr opr i at es t hemt o hi s own use. A has
commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .

( b) A i s a war ehouse- keeper , Z, goi ng on a j our ney, ent r ust s hi s
f ur ni t ur e t o A, under a cont r act t hat i t shal l be r et ur ned on payment
of a st i pul at ed sumf or war ehouse- r oom. A di shonest l y sel l s t he goods.
A has commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .

( c) A, r esi di ng i n Cal cut t a, i s agent f or Z, r esi di ng at Del hi .
Ther e i s an expr ess or i mpl i ed cont r act bet ween A and Z, t hat al l sums
r emi t t ed by Z t o A shal l be i nvest ed by A, accor di ng t o Z' s di r ect i on.
Z r emi t s a l akh of r upees t o A, wi t h di r ect i ons t o A t o i nvest t he
same i n Company' s paper . A di shonest l y di sobeys t he di r ect i ons and
empl oys t he money i n hi s own busi ness. A has commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each
of t r ust .

( d) But i f A, i n t he l ast i l l ust r at i on, not di shonest l y but i n
good f ai t h, bel i evi ng t hat i t wi l l be mor e f or Z' s advant age t o hol d
shar es i n t he Bank of Bengal , di sobeys Z' s di r ect i ons, and buys shar es
i n t he Bank of Bengal , f or Z, i nst ead of buyi ng Company' s paper , her e,
t hought Z shoul d suf f er l oss, and shoul d be ent i t l ed t o br i ng a ci vi l
act i on agai nst A, on account of t hat l oss, yet A, not havi ng act ed
di shonest l y, has not commi t t ed cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .

( e) A, a r evenue- of f i cer , i s ent r ust ed wi t h publ i c money and i s
ei t her di r ect ed by l aw, or bound by a cont r act , expr ess or i mpl i ed,
wi t h t he Gover nment , t o pay i nt o a cer t ai n t r easur y al l t he publ i c
money whi ch he hol ds. A di shonest l y appr opr i at es t he money. A has

( f ) A, a car r i er , i s ent r ust ed by Z wi t h pr oper t y t o be car r i ed
by l and or by wat er . A di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at es t he pr oper t y. A has

406.

Puni shment f or cr i mi nal br each of t r ust .

406. Puni shment f or cr i mi nal br each of t r ust . - - Whoever commi t s
cr i mi nal br each of t r ust shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
or wi t h bot h.

407.

Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by car r i er , et c.

407. Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by car r i er , et c. - - Whoever , bei ng
ent r ust ed wi t h pr oper t y as a car r i er , whar f i nger or war ehouse- keeper ,
commi t s cr i mi nal br each of t r ust , i n r espect of such pr oper t y, shal l

408.

Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by cl er k or ser vant .

408. Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by cl er k or ser vant . - - Whoever ,
bei ng a cl er k or ser vant or empl oyed as a cl er k or ser vant , and bei ng
i n any manner ent r ust ed i n such capaci t y wi t h pr oper t y, or wi t h any
domi ni on over pr oper t y, commi t s cr i mi nal br each of t r ust i n r espect of
t hat pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

409.

Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by publ i c ser vant , or by banker , mer chant or
agent .

409. Cr i mi nal br each of t r ust by publ i c ser vant , or by banker ,
mer chant or agent . - - Whoever , bei ng i n any manner ent r ust ed wi t h
pr oper t y, or wi t h any domi ni on over pr oper t y i n hi s capaci t y of a
publ i c ser vant or i n t he way of hi s busi ness as a banker , mer chant ,
f act or , br oker , at t or ney or agent , commi t s cr i mi nal br each of t r ust i n
r espect of t hat pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment
f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

195

OF TE RECEI VI NG OF STOLEN PROPERTY

410.

St ol en pr oper t y.

410. St ol en pr oper t y. - - Pr oper t y, t he possessi on wher eof has been
t r ansf er r ed by t hef t , or by ext or t i on, or by r obber y, and pr oper t y
whi ch has been cr i mi nal l y mi sappr opr i at ed or i n r espect of whi ch
1***cr i mi nal br each of t r ust has been commi t t ed, i s desi gnat ed as
" st ol en pr oper t y" , 2*[ whet her t he t r ansf er has been made, or t he
mi sappr opr i at i on or br each of t r ust has been commi t t ed, wi t hi n or
wi t hout 3*[ I ndi a] ] . But , i f such pr oper t y subsequent l y comes i nt o
t he possessi on of a per son l egal l y ent i t l ed t o t he possessi on t her eof ,
i t t hen ceases t o be st ol en pr oper t y.

411.

Di shonest l y r ecei vi ng st ol en pr oper t y.

411. Di shonest l y r ecei vi ng st ol en pr oper t y. - - Whoever di shonest l y
r ecei ves or r et ai ns any st ol en pr oper t y, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o
bel i eve t he same t o be st ol en pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h

412.

Di shonest l y r ecei vi ng pr oper t y st ol en i n t he commi ssi on of a dacoi t y.

412. Di shonest l y r ecei vi ng pr oper t y st ol en i n t he commi ssi on of a
dacoi t y. - - Whoever di shonest l y r ecei ves or r et ai ns any st ol en pr oper t y,
t he possessi on wher eof he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o have been
t r ansf er r ed by t he commi ssi on of dacoi t y, or di shonest l y r ecei ves f r om
a per son, whomhe knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o bel ong or t o have
bel onged t o a gang of dacoi t s, pr oper t y whi ch he knows or has r eason
t o bel i eve t o have been st ol en, shal l be puni shed wi t h
4*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er m

413.

Habi t ual l y deal i ng i n st ol en pr oper t y.

413. Habi t ual l y deal i ng i n st ol en pr oper t y. - - Whoever habi t ual l y
r ecei ves or deal s i n pr oper t y whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve
t o be st ol en pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 4*[ i mpr i sonment f or
l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may

414.

Assi st i ng i n conceal ment of st ol en pr oper t y.

414. Assi st i ng i n conceal ment of st ol en pr oper t y. - - Whoever
vol unt ar i l y assi st s i n conceal i ng or di sposi ng of or maki ng away wi t h
pr oper t y whi ch he knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be st ol en
pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
bot h.

Of cheat i ng

415.

Cheat i ng.

415. Cheat i ng. - - Whoever , by decei vi ng any per son, f r audul ent l y or
di shonest l y i nduces t he per son so decei ved t o del i ver any pr oper t y t o
any per son, or t o consent t hat any per son shal l r et ai n any pr oper t y,
or i nt ent i onal l y i nduces t he per son so decei ved t o do or omi t t o do
anyt hi ng whi ch he woul d not do or omi t i f he wer e not so decei ved, and
whi ch act or omi ssi on causes or i s l i kel y t o cause damage or har mt o
t hat per son i n body, mi nd, r eput at i on or pr oper t y, i s sai d t o " cheat " .

Expl anat i on. - A di shonest conceal ment of f act s i s a decept i on
wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s sect i on.


( a) A, by f al sel y pr et endi ng t o be i n t he Ci vi l Ser vi ce,
i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z, and t hus di shonest l y i nduces Z t o l et hi m
have on cr edi t goods f or whi ch he does not mean t o pay. A cheat s.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. The wor ds " t he" and " of f ence of " r ep. by Act 12 of 1891, s. 2 and
Sch. I and Act 8 of 1882, s. 9, r espect i vel y.
2. I ns. by Act 8 of 1882 s. 9.
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

196

( b) A, by put t i ng a count er f ei t mar k on an ar t i cl e, i nt ent i onal l y
decei ves Z i nt o a bel i ef t hat t hi s ar t i cl e was made by a cer t ai n
cel ebr at ed manuf act ur er , and t hus di shonest l y i nduces Z t o buy and pay
f or t he ar t i cl e. A cheat s.

( c) A, by exhi bi t i ng t o Z a f al se sampl e of an ar t i cl e
i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o bel i evi ng t hat t he ar t i cl e cor r esponds
wi t h t he sampl e, and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o buy and pay f or
t he ar t i cl e. A cheat s.

( d) A, by t ender i ng i n payment f or an ar t i cl e a bi l l on a house
wi t h whi ch A keeps no money, and by whi ch A expect s t hat t he bi l l wi l l
be di shonour ed, i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z, and t her eby di shonest l y
i nduces Z t o del i ver t he ar t i cl e, i nt endi ng not t o pay f or i t . A
cheat s

( e) A, by pl edgi ng as di amond ar t i cl es whi ch he knows ar e not
di amonds, i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z, and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z
t o l end money. A cheat s.

( f ) A I nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o a bel i ef t hat A means t o
r epay any money t hat Z may l end t o hi mand t her eby di shonest l y i nduces
Z t o l end hi mmoney, A not i nt endi ng t o r epay i t . A cheat s.

( g) A i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o a bel i ef t hat A means t o
del i ver t o Z a cer t ai n quant i t y of i ndi go pl ant whi ch he does not
i nt end t o del i ver , and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o advance money
upon t he f ai t h of such del i ver y. A cheat s; but i f A, at t he t i me of
obt ai ni ng t he money, i nt ends t o del i ver t he i ndi go pl ant , and
af t er war ds br eaks hi s cont r act and does not del i ver i t , he does not
cheat , but i s l i abl e onl y t o a ci vi l act i on f or br each of cont r act .

( h) A i nt ent i onal l y decei ves Z i nt o a bel i ef t hat A has per f or med
A' s par t of a cont r act made wi t h Z, whi ch he has not per f or med, and
t her eby di shonest l y i nduces Z t o pay money. A cheat s.

( i ) A sel l s and conveys an est at e t o B. A, knowi ng t hat i n
consequence of such sal e he has no r i ght t o t he pr oper t y, sel l s or
mor t gages t he same t o Z, wi t hout di scl osi ng t he f act of t he pr evi ous
sal e and conveyance t o B, and r ecei ves t he pur chase or mor t gage money
f r omZ. A cheat s.

416.

Cheat i ng by per sonat i on.

416. Cheat i ng by per sonat i on. - - A per son i s sai d t o " cheat by
per sonat i on" i f he cheat s by pr et endi ng t o be some ot her per son, or by
knowi ngl y subst i t ut i ng one per son f or or anot her , or r epr esent i ng t hat
he or any ot her per son i s a per son ot her t han he or such ot her per son
r eal l y i s.

Expl anat i on. - The of f ence i s commi t t ed whet her t he i ndi vi dual
per sonat ed i s a r eal or i magi nar y per son.


( a) A cheat s, by pr et endi ng t o be a cer t ai n r i ch banker of t he
same name. A cheat s by per sonat i on.

( b) A cheat s by pr et endi ng t o be B, a per son who i s deceased. A
cheat s by per sonat i on.

417.

Puni shment f or cheat i ng.

417. Puni shment f or cheat i ng. - Whoever cheat s shal l be puni shed wi t h
year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

197

418.

Cheat i ng wi t h knowl edge t hat wr ongf ul l oss may ensue t o per son whose
i nt er est of f ender i s bound t o pr ot ect .

418. Cheat i ng wi t h knowl edge t hat wr ongf ul l oss may ensue t o
per son whose i nt er est of f ender i s bound t o pr ot ect . - - Whoever cheat s
wi t h t he knowl edge t hat he i s l i kel y t her eby t o cause wr ongf ul l oss t o
a per son whose i nt er est i n t he t r ansact i on t o whi ch t he cheat i ng
r el at es, he was bound ei t her by l aw, or by l egal cont r act , t o
pr ot ect , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

419.

Puni shment f or cheat i ng by per sonat i on.

419. Puni shment f or cheat i ng by per sonat i on. - - Whoever cheat s by
per sonat i on shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
bot h.

420.

Cheat i ng and di shonest l y i nduci ng del i ver y of pr oper t y.

420. Cheat i ng and di shonest l y i nduci ng del i ver y of pr oper t y. - -
Whoever cheat s and t her eby di shonest l y i nduces t he per son decei ved t o
del i ver any pr oper t y t o any per son, or t o make, al t er or dest r oy t he
whol e or any par t of a val uabl e secur i t y, or anyt hi ng whi ch i s si gned
or seal ed, and whi ch i s capabl e of bei ng conver t ed i nt o a val uabl e
secur i t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
t o f i ne.

Of f r audul ent deeds and di sposi t i ons of pr oper t y

421.

Di shonest or f r audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y t o pr event
di st r i but i on among cr edi t or s.

421. Di shonest or f r audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y
t o pr event di st r i but i on among cr edi t or s. - - Whoever di shonest l y or
f r audul ent l y r emoves, conceal s or del i ver s t o any per son, or t r ansf er s
or causes t o be t r ansf er r ed t o any per son, wi t hout adequat e
consi der at i on, any pr oper t y, i nt endi ng t her eby t o pr event , or knowi ng
i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l t her eby pr event t he di st r i but i on of t hat
pr oper t y accor di ng t o l aw among hi s cr edi t or s or t he cr edi t or s of any
ot her per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

422.

Di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y pr event i ng debt bei ng avai l abl e f or
cr edi t or s.

422. Di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y pr event i ng debt bei ng avai l abl e
f or cr edi t or s. - - Whoever di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y pr event s any debt
or demand due t o hi msel f or t o any ot her per son f r om bei ng made
avai l abl e accor di ng t o l aw f or payment of hi s debt s or t he debt s of
such ot her per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

423.

Di shonest or f r audul ent execut i on of deed of t r ansf er cont ai ni ng f al se
st at ement of consi der at i on.

423. Di shonest or f r audul ent execut i on of deed of t r ansf er
cont ai ni ng f al se st at ement of consi der at i on. - - Whoever di shonest l y or
f r audul ent l y si gns, execut es or becomes a par t y t o any deed or
i nst r ument whi ch pur por t s t o t r ansf er or subj ect t o any char ge any
pr oper t y, or any i nt er est t her ei n, and whi ch cont ai ns any f al se
st at ement r el at i ng t o t he consi der at i on f or such t r ansf er or char ge,
or r el at i ng t o t he per son or per sons f or whose use or benef i t i t i s
r eal l y i nt ended t o oper at e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of

424.

Di shonest or f r audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y.

424. Di shonest or f r audul ent r emoval or conceal ment of pr oper t y. -
Whoever di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y conceal s or r emoves any pr oper t y
of hi msel f or any ot her per son, or di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y assi st s
i n t he conceal ment or r emoval t her eof , or di shonest l y r el eases any
demand or cl ai mt o whi ch he i s ent i t l ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h

Of mi schi ef

425.

Mi schi ef .

425. Mi schi ef . - - Whoever wi t h i nt ent t o cause, or knowi ng t hat he
i s l i kel y t o cause, wr ongf ul l oss or damage t o t he publ i c or t o any
per son, causes t he dest r uct i on of any pr oper t y, or any such change i n
any pr oper t y or i n t he si t uat i on t her eof as dest r oys or di mi ni shes i t s
val ue or ut i l i t y, or af f ect s i t i nj ur i ousl y, commi t s " mi schi ef " .

198

Expl anat i on 1. - I t i s not essent i al t o t he of f ence of mi schi ef
t hat t he of f ender shoul d i nt end t o cause l oss or damage t o t he owner
of t he pr oper t y i nj ur ed or dest r oyed. I t i s suf f i ci ent i f he i nt ends
t o cause, or knows t hat he i s l i kel y t o cause, wr ongf ul l oss or damage
t o any per son by i nj ur i ng any pr oper t y, whet her i t bel ongs t o t hat
per son or not .

Expl anat i on 2. - Mi schi ef may be commi t t ed by an act af f ect i ng
pr oper t y bel ongi ng t o t he per son who commi t s t he act , or t o t hat
per son and ot her s j oi nt l y.


( a) A vol unt ar i l y bur ns a val uabl e secur i t y bel ongi ng t o Z
i nt endi ng t o cause wr ongf ul l oss t o Z. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .

( b) A i nt r oduces wat er i n t o an i ce- house bel ongi ng t o Z and t hus
causes t he i ce t o mel t , i nt endi ng wr ongf ul l oss t o Z. A has commi t t ed
mi schi ef .

( c) A vol unt ar i l y t hr ows i nt o a r i ver a r i ng bel ongi ng t o Z, wi t h
t he i nt ent i on of t her e by causi ng wr ongf ul l oss t o Z. A has commi t t ed
mi schi ef .

( d) A, knowi ng t hat hi s ef f ect s ar e about t o be t aken i n
execut i on i n or der t o sat i sf y a debt due f r omhi mt o Z, dest r oys t hose
ef f ect s, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of t her eby pr event i ng Z f r omobt ai ni ng
sat i sf act i on of t he debt , and of t hus causi ng damage t o Z. A has
commi t t ed mi schi ef .

( e) A havi ng i nsur ed a shi p, vol unt ar i l y causes t he same t o be
cast away, wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng damage t o t he under wr i t er s.
A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .

( f ) A causes a shi p t o be cast away, i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause
damage t o Z who has l ent money on bot t omr y on t he shi p. A has
commi t t ed mi schi ef .

( g) A, havi ng j oi nt pr oper t y wi t h Z i n a hor se, shoot s t he hor se,
i nt endi ng t her eby t o cause wr ongf ul l oss t o Z. A has commi t t ed
mi schi ef .

( h) A causes cat t l e t o ent er upon a f i el d bel ongi ng t o Z,
i nt endi ng t o cause and knowi ng t hat he i s l i kel y t o cause damage t o
Z' s cr op. A has commi t t ed mi schi ef .

426.

Puni shment f or mi schi ef .

426. Puni shment f or mi schi ef . - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef shal l be
ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

427.

Mi schi ef causi ng damage t o t he amount of f i f t y r upees.

427. Mi schi ef causi ng damage t o t he amount of f i f t y r upees. - -
Whoever commi t s mi schi ef and t her eby causes l oss or damage t o t he
amount of f i f t y r upees or upwar ds, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment

428.

Mi schi ef by ki l l i ng or mai mi ng ani mal of t he val ue of t en r upees.

428. Mi schi ef by ki l l i ng or mai mi ng ani mal of t he val ue of t en
r upees. - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by ki l l i ng, poi soni ng, mai mi ng or
r ender i ng usel ess any ani mal s or ani mal of t he val ue of t he t en r upees
or upwar ds, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on

429.

Mi schi ef by ki l l i ng or mai mi ng cat t l e, et c. , of any val ue or any
ani mal of t he val ue of f i f t y r upees.

429. Mi schi ef by ki l l i ng or mai mi ng cat t l e, et c. , of any val ue or
any ani mal of t he val ue of f i f t y r upees. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by
ki l l i ng, poi soni ng, mai mi ng or r ender i ng usel ess, any el ephant , camel ,
hor se, mul e, buf f al o, bul l , cow or ox, what ever may be t he val ue
t her eof , of any ot her ani mal of t he val ue of f i f t y r upees or upwar ds,
shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment or ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er m
whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

199

430.

Mi schi ef by i nj ur y t o wor ks of i r r i gat i on or by wr ongf ul l y di ver t i ng
wat er .

430. Mi schi ef by i nj ur y t o wor ks of i r r i gat i on or by wr ongf ul l y
di ver t i ng wat er . - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by doi ng any act whi ch
causes, or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o cause, a di mi nut i on of t he
suppl y of wat er f or agr i cul t ur al pur poses, or f or f ood or dr i nk f or
human bei ngs or f or ani mal s whi ch ar e pr oper t y, or f or cl eanl i ness or
f or car r yi ng on any manuf act ur e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment
of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or

431.

Mi schi ef by i nj ur y t o publ i c r oad, br i dge, r i ver or channel .

431. Mi schi ef by i nj ur y t o publ i c r oad, br i dge, r i ver or
channel . - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by doi ng any act whi ch r ender s or
whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o r ender any publ i c r oad, br i dge,
navi gabl e r i ver or navi gabl e channel , nat ur al or ar t i f i ci al ,
i mpassabl e or l ess saf e f or t r avel l i ng or conveyi ng pr oper t y, shal l be
ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

432.

Mi schi ef by causi ng i nundat i on or obst r uct i on t o publ i c dr ai nage
at t ended wi t h damage.

432. Mi schi ef by causi ng i nundat i on or obst r uct i on t o publ i c
dr ai nage at t ended wi t h damage. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by doi ng any
act whi ch causes or whi ch he knows t o be l i kel y t o cause an i nundat i on
or an obst r uct i on t o any publ i c dr ai nage at t ended wi t h i nj ur y or
damage, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

433.

Mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng, movi ng or r ender i ng l ess usef ul a l i ght - house
or sea- mar k.

433. Mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng, movi ng or r ender i ng l ess usef ul a
l i ght - house or sea- mar k. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng or
movi ng any l i ght - house or ot her l i ght used as a sea- mar k, or any sea-
mar k or buoy or ot her t hi ng pl aced as a gui de f or navi gat or s, or by
any act whi ch r ender s any such l i ght - house, sea- mar k, buoy or ot her
such t hi ng as af or esai d l ess usef ul as a gui de f or navi gat or s, shal l

434.

Mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng or movi ng, et c. , a l and- mar k f i xed by publ i c
aut hor i t y.

434. Mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng or movi ng, et c. , a l and- mar k f i xed by
publ i c aut hor i t y. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by dest r oyi ng or movi ng
any l and- mar k f i xed by t he aut hor i t y of a publ i c ser vant , or by any
act whi ch r ender s such l and- mar k l ess usef ul as such, shal l be
ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

435.

Mi schi ef by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance wi t h i nt ent t o cause damage t o
amount of one hundr ed or ( i n case of agr i cul t ur al pr oduce) t en
r upees.

435. Mi schi ef by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance wi t h i nt ent t o cause
damage t o amount of one hundr ed or ( i n case of agr i cul t ur al pr oduce)
t en r upees. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by f i r e or any expl osi ve
subst ance i nt endi ng t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l
t her eby cause, damage t o any pr oper t y t o t he amount of one hundr ed
r upees or upwar ds 1*[ or ( wher e t he pr oper t y i s agr i cul t ur al
pr oduce) t en r upees or upwar ds] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment
of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s and

436.

Mi schi ef by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance wi t h i nt ent t o dest r oy house,
et c.

436. Mi schi ef by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance wi t h i nt ent t o
dest r oy house, et c. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef by f i r e or any expl osi ve
subst ance, i nt endi ng t o cause, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he wi l l
t her eby cause. t he dest r uct i on of any bui l di ng whi ch i s or di nar i l y
used as a pl ace of wor shi p or as a human dwel l i ng or as a pl ace f or
t he cust ody of pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 2*[ i mpr i sonment f or
l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may

437.

Mi schi ef wi t h i nt ent t o dest r oy or make unsaf e a decked vessel or one
of t went y t ons bur den.

437. Mi schi ef wi t h i nt ent t o dest r oy or make unsaf e a decked
vessel or one of t went y t ons bur den. - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef t o any
decked vessel or any vessel of a bur den of t went y t ons or upwar ds,
i nt endi ng t o dest r oy or r ender unsaf e, or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat
he wi l l t her eby dest r oy or r ender unsaf e, t hat vessel , shal l be
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. I ns. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 10
2. Subs, by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch, f or " t r anspor t at i on f or
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

200

438.

Puni shment f or t he mi schi ef descr i bed i n sect i on 437 commi t t ed by f i r e
or expl osi ve subst ance.

438. Puni shment f or t he mi schi ef descr i bed i n sect i on 437
commi t t ed by f i r e or expl osi ve subst ance. - - Whoever commi t s, or
at t empt s t o commi t , by f i r e or any expl osi ve subst ance, such mi schi ef
as i s descr i bed i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on. shal l be puni shed wi t h
1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] . or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

439.

Puni shment f or i nt ent i onal l y r unni ng vessel agr ound or ashor e wi t h
i nt ent t o commi t t hef t , et c.

439. Puni shment f or i nt ent i onal l y r unni ng vessel agr ound or
ashor e wi t h i nt ent t o commi t t hef t , et c. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y r uns
any vessel agr ound or ashor e, i nt endi ng t o commi t t hef t of any
pr oper t y cont ai ned t her ei n or t o di shonest l y mi sappr opr i at e any such
pr oper t y, or wi t h i nt ent t hat such t hef t or mi sappr opr i at i on of
pr oper t y may be commi t t ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of

440.

Mi schi ef commi t t ed af t er pr epar at i on made f or causi ng deat h or hur t .

440. Mi schi ef commi t t ed af t er pr epar at i on made f or causi ng deat h
or hur t . - - Whoever commi t s mi schi ef , havi ng made pr epar at i on f or
causi ng t o any per son deat h, or hur t , or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , or f ear
of deat h, or hur t , or of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve

Of cr i mi nal t r espass

441.

Cr i mi nal t r espass.

441. Cr i mi nal t r espass. - - Whoever ent er s i nt o or upon pr oper t y i n
t he possessi on of anot her wi t h i nt ent t o commi t an of f ence or t o
i nt i mi dat e, i nsul t or annoy any per son i n possessi on of such pr oper t y,

or havi ng l awf ul l y ent er ed i nt o or upon such pr oper t y, unl awf ul l y
r emai ns t her e wi t h i nt ent t her eby t o i nt i mi dat e, i nsul t or annoy any
such per son, or wi t h i nt ent t o commi t an of f ence,

i s sai d t o commi t " cr i mi nal t r espass" .

442.

House- t r espass.

442. House- t r espass. - - Whoever commi t s cr i mi nal t r espass by
ent er i ng i nt o or r emai ni ng i n any bui l di ng, t ent or vessel used as a
human dwel l i ng or any bui l di ng used as a pl ace f or wor shi p, or as a
pl ace f or t he cust ody of pr oper t y, i s sai d t o commi t " house- t r espass" .

Expl anat i on. - The i nt r oduct i on of any par t of t he cr i mi nal
t r espasser ' s body i s ent er i ng suf f i ci ent t o const i t ut e house- t r espass.

443.

Lur ki ng house- t r espass.

443. Lur ki ng house- t r espass. - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass
havi ng t aken pr ecaut i ons t o conceal such house- t r espass f r om some
per son who has a r i ght t o excl ude or ej ect t he t r espasser f r omt he
bui l di ng, t ent or vessel whi ch i s t he subj ect of t he t r espass, i s sai d
t o commi t " l ur ki ng house- t r espass" .

444.

Lur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght .

444. Lur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng
house- t r espass af t er sunset and bef or e sunr i se, i s sai d t o commi t
" l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght " .

445.

House- br eaki ng.

445. House- br eaki ng. - - A per son i s sai d t o commi t " house- br eaki ng"
who commi t s house- t r espass i f he ef f ect s hi s ent r ance i nt o t he house
or any par t of i t i n any of t he si x ways her ei naf t er descr i bed; or i f ,
bei ng i n t he house or any par t of i t f or t he pur pose of commi t t i ng an
of f ence, or havi ng commi t t ed an of f ence t her ei n, he qui t s t he house or
any par t of i t i n any of i t i n such si x ways, t hat i s t o say : -

Fi r st . - I f he ent er s or qui t s t hr ough a passage made by hi msel f ,
or by any abet t or of t he house- t r espass, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of
t he house- t r espass.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by act . 26 of 1955, s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on
f or l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

201

Secondl y. - I f he ent er s or qui t s t hr ough any passage not i nt ended
by any per son, ot her t han hi msel f or an abet t or of t he of f ence, f or
human ent r ance; or t hr ough any passage t o whi ch he has obt ai ned access
by scal i ng or cl i mbi ng over any wal l or bui l di ng.

Thi r dl y. - I f he ent er s or qui t s t hr ough any passage whi ch he or
any abet t or of t he house- t r espass has opened, i n or der t o t he
commi t t i ng of t he house- t r espass by any means by whi ch t hat passage
was not i nt ended by t he occupi er of t he house t o be opened.

Four t hl y. - I f he ent er s or qui t s by openi ng any l ock i n or der t o
t he commi t t i ng of t he house- t r espass, or i n or der t o t he qui t t i ng of
t he house af t er a house- t r espass.

Fi f t hl y. - I f he ef f ect s hi s ent r ance or depar t ur e by usi ng
cr i mi nal f or ce or commi t t i ng an assaul t , or by t hr eat eni ng any per son
wi t h assaul t .

Si xt hl y. - I f he ent er s or qui t s by any passage whi ch he knows t o
have been f ast ened agai nst such ent r ance or depar t ur e, and t o have
been unf ast ened by hi msel f or by an abet t or of t he house- t r espass.

Expl anat i on. - Any out - house or bui l di ng occupi ed wi t h a house, and
bet ween whi ch and such house t her e i s an i mmedi at e i nt er nal
communi cat i on, i s par t of t he house wi t hi n t he meani ng of t hi s
sect i on.


( a) A commi t s house- t r espass by maki ng a hol e t hr ough t he wal l of
Z' s house, and put t i ng hi s hand t hr ough t he aper t ur e. Thi s i s house-
br eaki ng.

( b) A commi t s house- t r espass by cr eepi ng i nt o a shi p at a por t -
hol e bet ween decks. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.

( c) A commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng Z' s house t hr ough a
wi ndow. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.

( d) A commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng Z' s house t hr ough t he
door , havi ng opened a door whi ch was f ast ened. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.

( e) A commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng Z' s house t hr ough t he
door , havi ng l i f t ed a l at ch by put t i ng a wi r e t hr ough a hol e i n t he
door . Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.

( f ) A f i nds t he key of Z' s house door , whi ch Z had l ost , and
commi t s house t r espass by ent er i ng Z' s house, havi ng opened t he door
wi t h t hat key. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.

( g) Z i s st andi ng i n hi s door way. A f or ces a passage by knocki ng
Z down, and commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng t he house. Thi s i s
house- br eaki ng.

( h) Z, t he door - keeper of Y, i s st andi ng i n Y' s door way. A
commi t s house- t r espass by ent er i ng t he house, havi ng det er r ed Z f r om
opposi ng hi mby t hr eat eni ng t o beat hi m. Thi s i s house- br eaki ng.

446.

House- br eaki ng by ni ght .

446. House- br eaki ng by ni ght . - - Whoever commi t s house- br eaki ng
af t er sunset and bef or e sunr i se, i s sai d t o commi t " house- br eaki ng by
ni ght " .

447.

Puni shment f or cr i mi nal t r espass.

447. Puni shment f or cr i mi nal t r espass. - - Whoever commi t s cr i mi nal
t r espass shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end

448.

Puni shment f or house- t r espass.

448. Puni shment f or house- t r espass. - - Whoever commi t s house-
t r espass shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er m whi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o

202

449.

House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h.

449. House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h
deat h. - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of
any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h, shal l be puni shed wi t h
1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h r i gor ous i mpr i sonment f or a t er m
not exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

450.

House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment
f or l i f e.

i mpr i sonment f or l i f e. - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass i n or der t o t he
commi t t i ng of any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or
l i f e] , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a
t er mnot exceedi ng t en year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

451.

House- t r espass i n or der t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment .

i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass i n or der t o t he
commi t t i ng of any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment , shal l be
ext end t o t wo year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and i f t he
of f ence i nt ended t o be commi t t ed i s t hef t , t he t er m of t he
i mpr i sonment may be ext ended t o seven year s.

452.

House- t r espass al t er pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t or wr ongf ul
r est r ai nt .

452. House- t r espass al t er pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t or
wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever commi t s house- t r espass, havi ng made
pr epar at i on f or causi ng hur t t o any per son or f or assaul t i ng any
per son, or f or wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ni ng any per son, or f or put t i ng and
per son i n f ear of hur t , or of assaul t , or of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , shal l

453.

Puni shment f or l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng.

453. Puni shment f or l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng. - -
Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng, shal l be
ext end t o t wo year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

454.

Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng i n or der t o commi t of f ence
puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment .

454. Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng i n or der t o commi t
of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house-
t r espass or house- br eaki ng, i n or der t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence
puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and i f t he of f ence i nt ended t o be
commi t t ed i s t hef t , t he t er mof t he i mpr i sonment may be ext ended t o
t en year s.

455.

Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng af t er pr epar at i on f or hur t ,
assaul t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .

455. Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng af t er pr epar at i on
f or hur t , assaul t or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng
house- t r espass, or house- br eaki ng, havi ng made pr epar at i on f or causi ng
hur t t o any per son, or f or assaul t i ng any per son, or f or wr ongf ul l y
r est r ai ni ng any per son, or f or put t i ng any per son i n f ear of hur t or
of assaul t or of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t en

456.

Puni shment f or l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght .

456. Puni shment f or l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by
ni ght . - - Whoever commi t s l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght , or house-
br eaki ng by ni ght , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so

457.

Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght i n or der t o commi t
of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment .

457. Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght i n or der
t o commi t of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever commi t s
l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght , or house- br eaki ng by ni ght i n or der
t o t he commi t t i ng of any of f ence puni shabl e wi t h i mpr i sonment , shal l
may ext end t o f i ve year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne; and, i f
t he of f ence i nt ended t o be commi t t ed i s t hef t , t he t er m of t he
i mpr i sonment may be ext ended t o f our t een year s.

458.

Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght af t er pr epar at i on
f or hur t , assaul t , or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt .

458. Lur ki ng house- t r espass or house- br eaki ng by ni ght af t er
pr epar at i on f or hur t , assaul t , or wr ongf ul r est r ai nt . - - Whoever commi t s
l ur ki ng house- t r espass by ni ght , or house- br eaki ng by ni ght , havi ng
made pr epar at i on f or causi ng hur t t o any per son or f or assaul t i ng any
per son, or f or wr ongf ul l y r est r ai ni ng any per son, or f or put t i ng any
per son i n f ear of hur t , or of assaul t , or of wr ongf ul r est r ai nt , shal l
may ext end t o f our t een year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

203

459.

Gr i evous hur t caused whi l st commi t t i ng l ur ki ng house- t r espass or
house- br eaki ng.

459. Gr i evous hur t caused whi l st commi t t i ng l ur ki ng house-
t r espass or house- br eaki ng. - - Whoever , whi l st commi t t i ng l ur ki ng house-
t r espass or house- br eaki ng, causes gr i evous hur t t o any per son or
at t empt s t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t t o any per son, shal l be
puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or i mpr i sonment of ei t her

460.

Al l per sons j oi nt l y concer ned i n l ur ki ng house- t r espass or house-
br eaki ng by ni ght puni shabl e wher e deat h or gr i evous hur t caused by
one of t hem.

460. Al l per sons j oi nt l y concer ned i n l ur ki ng house- t r espass or
house- br eaki ng by ni ght puni shabl e wher e deat h or gr i evous hur t caused
by one of t hem. - - I f at t he t i me of t he commi t t i ng of l ur ki ng house-
t r espass by ni ght or house- br eaki ng by ni ght , any per son gui l t y of
such of f ence shal l vol unt ar i l y cause or at t empt t o cause deat h or
gr i evous hur t t o any per son, ever y per son j oi nt l y concer ned i n
commi t t i ng such l ur kki ng house- t r espass by ni ght or house- br eaki ng by
ni ght , shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h

461.

Di shonest l y br eaki ng open r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng pr oper t y.

461. Di shonest l y br eaki ng open r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng pr oper t y. - -
Whoever di shonest l y or wi t h i nt ent t o commi t mi schi ef , br eaks open or
unf ast ens any cl osed r ecept acl e whi ch cont ai ns or whi ch he bel i eves t o
cont ai n pr oper t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

462.

Puni shment f or same of f ence when commi t t ed by per son ent r ust ed wi t h
cust ody.

462. Puni shment f or same of f ence when commi t t ed by per son
ent r ust ed wi t h cust ody. - - Whoever , bei ng ent r ust ed wi t h any cl osed
r ecept acl e whi ch cont ai ns or whi ch he bel i eves t o cont ai n pr oper t y
wi t hout havi ng aut hor i t y t o open t he same, di shonest l y, or wi t h i nt ent
t o commi t mi schi ef , br eaks open or unf ast ens t hat r ecept acl e, shal l be

CHAPTER XVI I I

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO DOCUMENTS AND TO PROPERTY MARKS

CHAPTER XVI I I

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO DOCUMENTS AND TO 2****PROPERTY MARKS

463.

For ger y.

463. For ger y. - - Whoever makes any f al se document or par t of a
document wi t h i nt ent t o cause damage or i nj ur y, t o t he publ i c or t o
any per son, or t o suppor t any cl ai mor t i t l e, or t o cause any per son
t o par t wi t h pr oper t y, or t o ent er i nt o any expr ess or i mpl i ed
cont r act , or wi t h i nt ent t o commi t f r aud or t hat f r aud may be
commi t t ed, commi t s f or ger y.

464.

Maki ng a f al se document .

464. Maki ng a f al se document . - - A per son i s sai d t o make a f al se
document -

Fi r st . - Who di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y makes, si gns, seal s or
execut es a document or par t of a document , or makes any mar k denot i ng
t he execut i on of a document , wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng i t t o be
bel i eved t hat such document or par t of a document was made, si gned,
seal ed or execut ed by or by t he aut hor i t y of a per son by whomor by
whose aut hor i t y he knows t hat i t was not made, si gned, seal ed or
execut ed, or at a t i me at whi ch he knows t hat i t was not made, si gned,
seal ed or execut ed; or

Secondl y. - Who, wi t hout l awf ul aut hor i t y, di shonest l y or
f r audul ent l y, by cancel l at i on or ot her wi se, al t er s a document i n any
mat er i al par t t her eof , af t er i t has been made or execut ed ei t her by
hi msel f or by any ot her per son, whet her such per son be l i vi ng or dead
at t he t i me of such al t er at i on; or

Thi r dl y. - Who di shonest l y or f r audul ent l y causes any per son t o
si gn, seal , execut e or al t er a document , knowi ng t hat such per son by
r eason of unsoundness of mi nd or i nt oxi cat i on cannot , or t hat by
r eason of decept i on pr act i sed upon hi m, he does not know t he cont ent s
of t he document or t he nat ur e of t he al t er at i on.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
2. The wor ds " Tr ade or " omi t t ed by Act 43 of 1958, s. 135 and Sch.
( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

204


( a) A has a l et t er of cr edi t upon B f or r upees 10, 000, wr i t t en by
Z. A, i n or der t o def r aud B, adds ci pher t o t he 10, 000, and makes t he
sum1, 00, 000 i nt endi ng t hat i t may be bel i eved by B t hat Z so wr ot e
t he l et t er . A has commi t t ed f or ger y.

( b) A wi t hout Z' s aut hor i t y, af f i xes Z' s seal t o a document
pur por t i ng t o be a conveyance of an est at e f r omZ t o A, wi t h t he
i nt ent i on of sel l i ng t he est at e t o B and t her eby of obt ai ni ng f r omB
t he pur chase- money. A has commi t t ed f or ger y.

( c) A pi cks up a cheque on a banker si gned by B, payabl e t o
bear er , but wi t hout any sumhavi ng been i nser t ed i n t he cheque. A
f r audul ent l y f i l l s up t he cheque by i nser t i ng t he sumof t en t housand
r upees. A commi t s f or ger y.

( d) A l eaves wi t h B, hi s agent , a cheque on a banker , si gned by
A, wi t hout i nser t i ng t he sumpayabl e and aut hor i zes B t o f i l l up t he
cheque by i nser t i ng a sumnot exceedi ng t en t housand r upees f or t he
pur pose of maki ng cer t ai n payment s. B f r audul ent l y f i l l s up t he cheque
by i nser t i ng t he sumof t went y t housand r upees. B commi t s f or ger y.

( e) A dr aws a bi l l of exchange on hi msel f i n t he name of B
wi t hout B' s aut hor i t y, i nt endi ng t o di scount i t as a genui ne bi l l wi t h
a banker and i nt endi ng t o t ake up t he bi l l on i t s mat ur i t y. Her e, as A
dr aws t he bi l l wi t h i nt ent t o decei ve t he banker by l eadi ng hi mt o
suppose t hat he had t he secur i t y of B, and t her eby t o di scount t he
bi l l , A i s gui l t y of f or ger y.

( f ) Z' s wi l l cont ai ns t hese wor ds- " I di r ect t hat al l my r emai ni ng
pr oper t y be equal l y di vi ded bet ween A, B and C. " A di shonest l y
scr at ches out B' s name, i nt endi ng t hat i t may be bel i eved t hat t he
whol e was l ef t t o hi msel f and C. A has commi t t ed f or ger y.

( g) A endor ses a Gover nment pr omi ssor y not e and makes i t payabl e
t o Z< f or hi s or der by wr i t i ng on t he bi l l t he wor ds " Pay t o Z or hi s
or der " and si gni ng t he endor sement . B di shonest l y er ases t he wor ds
" Pay t o Z or hi s or der " , and t her eby conver t s t he speci al endor sement
i nt o a bl ank endor sement . B commi t s f or ger y.

( h) A sel l s and conveys an est at e t o Z. A af t er war ds, i n or der t o
def r aud Z of hi s est at e, execut es a conveyance of t he same est at e t o
B, dat ed si x mont hs ear l i er t han t he dat e of t he conveyance t o Z,
i nt endi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat he had conveyed t he est at e t o B
bef or e he conveyed i t t o Z. A has commi t t ed f or ger y.

( i ) Z di ct at es hi s wi l l t o A. A i nt ent i onal l y wr i t es down a
di f f er ent l egat ee named by Z, and by r epr esent i ng t o Z t hat he has
pr epar ed t he wi l l accor di ng t o hi s i nst r uct i ons, i nduces Z t o si gn t he
wi l l . A has commi t t ed f or ger y.

( j ) A wr i t es a l et t er and si gns i t wi t h B' s name wi t hout B' s
aut hor i t y, cer t i f yi ng t hat A i s a man of good char act er and i n
di st r essed ci r cumst ances f r om unf or eseen mi sf or t une, i nt endi ng by
means of such l et t er t o obt ai n al ms f r omZ and ot her per sons. Her e, as
A made a f al se document i n or der t o i nduce Z t o par t wi t h pr oper t y, A
has commi t t ed f or ger y.

( k) A wi t hout B' s aut hor i t y wr i t es a l et t er and si gns i t i n B' s
name cer t i f yi ng t o A' s char act er , i nt endi ng t her eby t o obt ai n
empl oyment under Z. A has commi t t ed f or ger y i nasmuch as he i nt ended t o
decei ve Z by t he f or ged cer t i f i cat e, and t her eby t o i nduce Z t o ent er
i nt o an expr ess or i mpl i ed cont r act f or ser vi ce.

205

Expl anat i on I . - A man' s si gnat ur e of hi s own name may amount t o
f or ger y.


( a) A si gns hi s own name t o a bi l l of exchange, i nt endi ng t hat i t
may be bel i eved t hat t he bi l l was dr awn by anot her per son of t he same
name. A has commi t t ed f or ger y.

( b) A wr i t es t he wor d " accept ed" on a pi ece of paper and si gns i t
wi t h Z' s name, i n or der t hat B may af t er war ds wr i t e on t he paper a
bi l l of exchange dr awn by B upon Z, and negot i at e t he bi l l s as t hough
i t had been accept ed by Z. A i s gui l t y of f or ger y; and i f B, knowi ng
t he f act , dr aws t he bi l l upon t he paper pur suant t o A' s i nt ent i on, B
i s al so gui l t y of f or ger y.

( c) A pi cks up a bi l l of exchange payabl e t o t he or der of a
di f f er ent per son of t he same name. A endor ses t he bi l l i n hi s own
name, i nt endi ng t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat i t was endor sed by t he
per son t o whose or der i t was payabl e; her e A has commi t t ed f or ger y.

( d) A pur chases an est at e sol d under execut i on of a decr ee
agai nst B. B, af t er t he sei zur e of t he est at e, i n col l usi on wi t h Z,
execut es a l ease of t he est at e t o Z at a nomi nal r ent and f or a l ong
per i od and dat es t he l ease si x mont hs pr i or t o t he sei zur e, wi t h
i nt ent t o def r aud A, and t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he l ease was
gr ant ed bef or e t he sei zur e. B, t hough he execut es t he l ease i n hi s own
name, commi t s f or ger y by ant edat i ng i t .

( e) A, a t r ader , i n ant i ci pat i on of i nsol vency, l odges ef f ect s
wi t h B f or A' s benef i t , and wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud hi s cr edi t or s; and
i n or der t o gi ve a col our t o t he t r ansact i on, wr i t es a pr omi ssor y not e
bi ndi ng hi msel f t o pay t o B a sumf or val ue r ecei ved, and ant edat es
t he not e, i nt endi ng t hat i t may be bel i eved t o have been made bef or e A
was on t he poi nt of i nsol vency. A has commi t t ed f or ger y under t he
f i r st head of t he def i ni t i on.

Expl anat i on 2. - The maki ng of a f al se document i n t he name of a
f i ct i ous per son, i nt endi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he document was
made by r eal per son, or i n t he name of a deceased per son, i nt endi ng i t
t o be bel i eved t hat t he document was made by t he per son i n hi s
l i f et i me, may amount t o f or ger y.

I l l ust r at i on

A dr aws a bi l l of exchange upon a f i ct i ous per son, and
f r audul ent l y accept s t he bi l l i n t he name of such f i ct i t i ous per son
wi t h i nt ent t o negot i at e i t . A commi t s f or ger y.

465.

Puni shment f or f or ger y.

465. Puni shment f or f or ger y. - - Whoever commi t s f or ger y shal l be

466.

For ger y of r ecor d of Cour t or of publ i c r egi st er , et c.

466. For ger y of r ecor d of Cour t or of publ i c r egi st er , et c. - -
Whoever f or ges a document , pur por t i ng t o be a r ecor d or pr oceedi ng of
or i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, or a r egi st er of bi r t h, bapt i sm, mar r i age or
bur i al , or a r egi st er kept by a publ i c ser vant as such, or a
cer t i f i cat e or document pur por t i ng t o be made by a publ i c ser vant i n
hi s of f i ci al capaci t y, or an aut hor i t y t o i nst i t ut e or def end a sui t ,
or t o t ake any pr oceedi ngs t her ei n, or t o conf ess j udgment , or a power
of at t or ney, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
t o f i ne.

206

467.

For ger y of val uabl e secur i t y, wi l l , et c.

467. For ger y of val uabl e secur i t y, wi l l , et c. - - Whoever f or ges a
document whi ch pur por t s t o be a val uabl e secur i t y or a wi l l , or an
aut hor i t y t o adopt a son, or whi ch pur por t s t o gi ve aut hor i t y t o any
per son t o make or t r ansf er any val uabl e secur i t y, or t o r ecei ve t he
pr i nci pal , i nt er est or di vi dends t her eon, or t o r ecei ve or del i ver any
money, movabl e pr oper t y, or val uabl e secur i t y, or any document
pur por t i ng t o be an acqui t t ance or r ecei pt acknowl edgi ng t he payment
of money, or an acqui t t ance or r ecei pt f or t he del i ver y of any movabl e
pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1
*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
f i ne.

468.

For ger y f or pur pose of cheat i ng.

468. For ger y f or pur pose of cheat i ng. - - Whoever commi t s f or ger y,
i nt endi ng t hat t he document f or ged shal l be used f or t he pur pose of
cheat i ng, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on
t o f i ne.

469.

For ger y f or pur pose of har mi ng r eput at i on.

469. For ger y f or pur pose of har mi ng r eput at i on. - - Whoever commi t s
f or ger y, i nt endi ng t hat t he document f or ged shal l har mt he r eput at i on
of any par t y, or knowi ng t hat i t i s l i kel y t o be used f or t hat
pur pose, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or
a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o
f i ne.

470.

For ged document .

470. For ged document . - - A f al se document made whol l y or i n par t by
f or ger y i s desi gnat ed " a f or ged document " .

471.

Usi ng as genui ne a f or ged document .

471. Usi ng as genui ne a f or ged document . - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or
di shonest l y uses as genui ne any document whi ch he knows or has r eason
t o bel i eve t o be a f or ged document , shal l be puni shed i n t he same
manner as i f he had f or ged such document .

472.

Maki ng or possessi ng count er f ei t seal , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t
f or ger y puni shabl e under sect i on 467.

472. Maki ng or possessi ng count er f ei t seal , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o
commi t f or ger y puni shabl e under sect i on 467. - - Whoever makes or
count er f ei t s any seal , pl at e or ot her i nst r ument f or maki ng an
i mpr essi on, i nt endi ng t hat t he same shal l be used f or t he pur pose of
commi t t i ng any f or ger y whi ch woul d be puni shabl e under sect i on 467 of
t hi s Code, or , wi t h such i nt ent , has i n hi s possessi on any such seal ,
pl at e or ot her i nst r ument , knowi ng t he same t o be count er f ei t , shal l
be puni shabl e wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment
of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and

473.

Maki ng or possessi ng count er f ei t seal , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o commi t
f or ger y puni shabl e ot her wi se.

473. Maki ng or possessi ng count er f ei t seal , et c. , wi t h i nt ent t o
commi t f or ger y puni shabl e ot her wi se. - - Whoever makes or count er f ei t s
any seal , pl at e or ot her i nst r ument f or maki ng an i mpr essi on,
i nt endi ng t hat t he same shal l be used f or t he pur pose of commi t t i ng
any f or ger y whi ch woul d be puni shabl e under any sect i on of t hi s
Chapt er ot her t han sect i on 467, or , wi t h such i nt ent , has i n hi s
possessi on any such seal , pl at e or ot her i nst r ument , knowi ng t he same
t o be count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

474.

Havi ng possessi on of document descr i bed i n sect i on 466 or 467, knowi ng
i t t o be f or ged and i nt endi ng t o use i t genui ne.

474. Havi ng possessi on of document descr i bed i n sect i on 466 or
467, knowi ng i t t o be f or ged and i nt endi ng t o use i t genui ne. - - Whoever
has i n hi s possessi on any document , knowi ng t he same t o be f or ged, and
i nt endi ng t hat t he same shal l f r audul ent l y or di shonest l y be used as
genui ne, shal l , i f t he document i s one of t he descr i pt i on ment i oned i n
sect i on 466 of t hi s Code, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
be l i abl e t o f i ne; and i f t he document i s one of t he descr i pt i on
ment i oned i n sect i on 467, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment
f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on, f or a t er m
whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955. s. 117 and Sch. , f or " t r anspor t at i on f or
l i f e" .

207

475.

Count er f ei t i ng devi ce or mar k used f or aut hent i cat i ng document s
descr i bed i n sect i on 467, or possessi ng count er f ei t mar ked mat er i al .

475. Count er f ei t i ng devi ce or mar k used f or aut hent i cat i ng
document s descr i bed i n sect i on 467, or possessi ng count er f ei t mar ked
mat er i al . - - Whoever count er f ei t s upon, or i n t he subst ance of , any
mat er i al , any devi ce or mar k used f or t he pur pose of aut hent i cat i ng
any document descr i bed i n sect i on 467 of t hi s Code, i nt endi ng t hat
such devi ce or mar k shal l be used f or t he pur pose of gi vi ng t he
appear ance of aut hent i ci t y t o any document t hen f or ged or t her eaf t er
t o be f or ged on such mat er i al , or who, wi t h such i nt ent , has i n hi s
possessi on any mat er i al upon or i n t he subst ance of whi ch any such
devi ce or mar k has been count er f ei t ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1
t o f i ne.

476.

Count er f ei t i ng devi ce or mar k used f or aut hent i cat i ng document s ot her
t han t hose descr i bed i n sect i on 467, or possessi ng count er f ei t mar ked
mat er i al .

476. Count er f ei t i ng devi ce or mar k used f or aut hent i cat i ng
document s ot her t han t hose descr i bed i n sect i on 467, or possessi ng
count er f ei t mar ked mat er i al . - - Whoever count er f ei t s upon, or i n t he
subst ance of , any mat er i al , any devi ce or mar k used f or t he pur pose of
aut hent i cat i ng any document ot her t han t he document s descr i bed i n
sect i on 467 of t hi s Code, i nt endi ng t hat such devi ce or mar k shal l be
used f or t he pur pose of gi vi ng t he appear ance of aut hent i ci t y t o any
document t hen f or ged or t her eaf t er t o be f or ged on such mat er i al , or
who wi t h such i nt ent , has i n hi s possessi on any mat er i al upon or i n
t he subst ance of whi ch any such devi ce or mar k has been count er f ei t ed,
whi ch may ext end t o seven year s, and shal l al so be l i abl e t o f i ne.

477.

Fr audul ent cancel l at i on, dest r uct i on, et c. , of wi l l , aut hor i t y t o
adopt , or val uabl e secur i t y.

477. Fr audul ent cancel l at i on, dest r uct i on, et c. , of wi l l ,
aut hor i t y t o adopt , or val uabl e secur i t y. - - Whoever f r audul ent l y or
di shonest l y, or wi t h i nt ent t o cause damage or i nj ur y t o t he publ i c or
t o any per son, cancel s, dest r oys or def aces, or at t empt s t o cancel ,
dest r oy or def ace, or secr et es or at t empt s t o secr et e any document
whi ch i s or pur por t s t o be a wi l l , or an aut hor i t y t o adopt a son, or
any val uabl e secur i t y, or commi t s mi schi ef i n r espect of such
document , shal l be puni shed wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h

477A.

Fal si f i cat i on of account s.

2*[ 477A. Fal si f i cat i on of account s. - - Whoever , bei ng a cl er k,
of f i cer or ser vant , or empl oyed or act i ng i n t he capaci t y of a cl er k,
of f i cer or ser vant , wi l l f ul l y, and wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud, dest r oys,
al t er s, mut i l at es or f al si f i es any book, paper , wr i t i ng, val uabl e
secur i t y or account whi ch bel ongs t o or i s i n t he possessi on of hi s
empl oyer , or has been r ecei ved by hi m f or or on behal f of hi s
empl oyer , or wi l l f ul l y, and wi t h i nt ent t o def r aud, makes or abet s t he
maki ng of any f al se ent r y i n, or omi t s or al t er s or abet s t he omi ssi on
or al t er at i on of any mat er i al par t i cul ar f r omor i n. any such book,
paper , wr i t i ng, val uabl e secur i t y or account , shal l be puni shed wi t h

Expl anat i on. - I t shal l be suf f i ci ent i n any char ge under t hi s
sect i on t o al l ege a gener al i nt ent t o def r aud wi t hout nami ng any
par t i cul ar per son i nt ended t o be def r auded or speci f yi ng any
par t i cul ar sum of money i nt ended t o be t he subj ect of t he f r aud, or
any par t i cul ar day on whi ch t he of f ence was commi t t ed. ]

3*[ Of 4****pr oper t y and ot her mar ks

478.

[ Repeal ed. ]

478. [ Tr ade Mar k. ] Rep. by t he Tr ade and Mer chandi se Mar ks Act ,
1958 ( 43 of 1958) , s. 135 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .
2. Added by Act 3 of 1895, s. 4.
3. Subs. by Act . 4 of 1889, s. 3, f or t he or i gi nal headi ng and ss.
478 t o 489.
4. The wor d " t r ade, " omi t t ed by Act 43 of 1958, s. 135 and Sch.
( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

208

479.

Pr oper t y mar k.

1*479. Pr oper t y mar k. - - A mar k used f or denot i ng t hat movabl e
pr oper t y bel ongs t o a par t i cul ar per son i s cal l ed a pr oper t y mar k.

480.

[ Repeal ed. ]

480. [ Usi ng a f al se t r ade mar k. ] Rep. by t he Tr ade and
Mer chandi se Mar ks Act , 1958 ( 43 of 1958) , s. 135 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 25-
11- 1959) .

481.

Usi ng a f al se pr oper t y mar k.

481. Usi ng a f al se pr oper t y mar k. - - Whoever mar ks any movabl e
pr oper t y or goods or any case, package or ot her r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng
movabl e pr oper t y or goods, or uses any case, package or ot her
r ecept acl e havi ng any mar k t her eon, i n a manner r easonabl y cal cul at ed
t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he pr oper t y or goods so mar ked, or
any pr oper t y or goods cont ai ned i n any such r ecept acl e so mar ked,
bel ong t o a per son t o whomt hey do not bel ong, i s sai d t o use a f al se
pr oper t y mar k.

482.

Puni shment f or usi ng a f al se pr oper t y mar k.

482. Puni shment f or usi ng a f al se pr oper t y mar k. - - Whoever uses
1***any f al se pr oper t y mar k shal l , unl ess he pr oves t hat he act ed
wi t hout i nt ent t o def r aud, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

483.

Count er f ei t i ng a pr oper t y mar k used by anot her .

483. Count er f ei t i ng a pr oper t y mar k used by anot her . - - Whoever
count er f ei t s any 3****pr oper t y mar k used by any ot her per son shal l be

484.

Count er f ei t i ng a mar k used by a publ i c ser vant .

484. Count er f ei t i ng a mar k used by a publ i c ser vant . - - Whoever
count er f ei t s any pr oper t y mar k used by a publ i c ser vant , or any mar k
used by a publ i c ser vant t o denot e t hat any pr oper t y has been
manuf act ur ed by a par t i cul ar per son or at a par t i cul ar t i me or pl ace,
or t hat t he pr oper t y i s of a par t i cul ar qual i t y or has passed t hr ough
a par t i cul ar of f i ce, or t hat i t i s ent i t l ed t o any exempt i on, or uses
as genui ne any such mar k knowi ng t he same t o be count er f ei t , shal l be

485.

Maki ng or possessi on of any i nst r ument f or count er f ei t i ng a pr oper t y
mar k.

4*[ 485. Maki ng or possessi on of any i nst r ument f or
count er f ei t i ng a pr oper t y mar k. - - Whoever makes or has i n hi s
possessi on any di e, pl at e or ot her i nst r ument f or t he pur pose of
count er f ei t i ng a pr oper mar k, or has i n hi s possessi on a pr oper t y mar k
f or t he pur pose of denot i ng t hat any goods bel ong t o a per son t o whom
t hey do not bel ong, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
or wi t h bot h. ]

486.

Sel l i ng goods mar ked wi t h a count er f ei t pr oper t y mar k.

486. Sel l i ng goods mar ked wi t h a count er f ei t pr oper t y mar k. - -
5*[ Whoever sel l s, or exposes, or has i n possessi on f or sal e, any goods
or t hi ngs wi t h a count er f ei t pr oper t y mar k] af f i xed t o or i mpr essed
upon t he same or t o or upon any case, package or ot her r ecept acl e i n
whi ch such goods ar e cont ai ned, shal l , unl ess he pr oves-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Ss. 147 t o 489 wer e subs. by Act 4 of 1889, f or t he or i gi nal
sect i ons.
2. The wor ds " any f al se t r ade mar k or " omi t t ed by Act 43 of 1958, s.
135 and Sch. ( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) .
3. The wor ds " t r ade mar k or " omi t t ed by s. 135 and Sch. , i bi d.
( w. e. f . 25- 11- 1959) .
4. Subs. by s. 135 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or t he f or mer sect i on ( w. e. f
25- 11- 1959) .
5. Subs. by s. 135 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or cer t ai n wor ds ( w. e. f . 25- 11-
1959) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

209

( a) t hat , havi ng t aken al l r easonabl e pr ecaut i ons agai nst
commi t t i ng an of f ence agai nst t hi s sect i on, he had at t he t i me of
t he commi ssi on of t he al l eged of f ence no r eason t o suspect t he
genui neness of t he mar k, and

( b) t hat , on demand made by or on behal f of t he pr osecut or ,
he gave al l t he i nf or mat i on i n hi s power wi t h r espect t o t he
per sons f r omwhomhe obt ai ned such goods or t hi ngs, or

( c) t hat ot her wi se he had act ed i nnocent l y,


487.

Maki ng a f al se mar k upon any r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng goods.

487. Maki ng a f al se mar k upon any r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng goods. - -
Whoever makes any f al se mar k upon any case, package or ot her
r ecept acl e cont ai ni ng goods, i n a manner r easonabl y cal cul at ed t o
cause any publ i c ser vant or any ot her per son t o bel i eve t hat such
r ecept acl e cont ai ns goods whi ch i t does not cont ai n or t hat i t does
not cont ai n goods whi ch i t does cont ai n, or t hat t he goods cont ai ned
i n such r ecept acl e ar e of a nat ur e or qual i t y di f f er ent f r omt he r eal
nat ur e or qual i t y t her eof , shal l , unl ess he pr oves t hat he act ed
wi t hout i nt ent t o def r aud, be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
or wi t h bot h.

488.

Puni shment f or maki ng use of any such f al se mar k.

488. Puni shment f or maki ng use of any such f al se mar k. - - Whoever
makes use of any such f al se mar k i n any manner pr ohi bi t ed by t he l ast
f or egoi ng sect i on shal l , unl ess he pr oves t hat he act ed wi t hout i nt ent
t o def r aud, be puni shed as i f he had commi t t ed an of f ence agai nst t hat
sect i on.

489.

Tamper i ng wi t h pr oper t y mar k wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y.

489. Tamper i ng wi t h pr oper t y mar k wi t h i nt ent t o cause i nj ur y. - -
Whoever r emoves, dest r oys, def aces or adds t o any pr oper t y mar k,
i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat he may t her eby cause i nj ur y
t o any per son, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h. ]

1*[ Of cur r ency- not es and bank- not es

489A.

Count er f ei t i ng cur r ency- not es or bank- not es.

489A. Count er f ei t i ng cur r ency- not es or bank- not es. - - Whoever
count er f ei t s, or knowi ngl y per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of
count er f ei t i ng, any cur r ency- not e or bank- not e, shal l be puni shed wi t h
2*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , or wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on and of sect i ons
489B, 3*[ 489C, 489D and 489E] , t he expr essi on " bank- not e" means a
pr omi ssor y not e or engagement f or t he payment of money t o bear er on
demand i ssued by any per son car r yi ng on t he busi ness of banki ng i n any
par t of t he wor l d, or i ssued by or under t he aut hor i t y of any St at e or
Sover ei gn Power , and i nt ended t o be used as equi val ent t o, or as a
subst i t ut e f or money.

489B.

Usi ng as genui ne, f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not es or bank- not es.

489B. Usi ng as genui ne, f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not es or
bank- not es. - - Whoever sel l s t o, or buys or r ecei ves f r om, any ot her
per son, or ot her wi se t r af f i cs i n or uses as genui ne, any f or ged or
count er f ei t cur r ency- not e or bank- not e, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o
bel i eve t he same t o be f or ged or count er f ei t , shal l be puni shed wi t h 2
f i ne.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Ss. 489A t o 489D wer e i ns. by Act 12 of 1899, s. 2

l i f e" .

3. Subs. by Act 35 of 1950, s. 3 and Sch. , I I , f or " 489C and 489D" .

210

489C.

Possessi on of f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not es or bank- not e.

489C. Possessi on of f or ged or count er f ei t cur r ency- not es or bank-
not es. - Whoever has i n hi s possessi on any f or ged or count er f ei t
cur r ency- not e or bank- not e, knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t he
same t o be f or ged or count er f ei t and i nt endi ng t o use t he same as
genui ne or t hat i t may be used as genui ne, shal l be puni shed wi t h

489D.

Maki ng or possessi ng i nst r ument s or mat er i al s f or f or gi ng or
count er f ei t i ng cur r ency not es or bank- not es.

489D. Maki ng or possessi ng i nst r ument s or mat er i al s f or f or gi ng
or count er f ei t i ng cur r ency not es or bank- not es. - - Whoever makes, or
per f or ms any par t of t he pr ocess of maki ng, or buys of sel l s or
di sposes of , or has i n hi s possessi on, any machi ner y, i nst r ument of
mat er i al f or t he pur pose of bei ng used, or knowi ng or havi ng r eason t o
bel i eve t hat i t i s i nt ended t o be used, f or f or gi ng or count er f ei t i ng
any cur r ency- not e or bank- not e, shal l be puni shed wi t h 1
f i ne. ]

489E.

Maki ng or usi ng document s r esembl i ng cur r ency- not es or bank- not es.

2*[ 489E. Maki ng or usi ng document s r esembl i ng cur r ency- not es
or bank- not es. - - ( 1) Whoever makes, or causes t o be made, or uses f or
any pur pose what soever , or del i ver s t o any per son, any document
pur por t i ng t o be, or i n any way r esembl i ng, or so near l y r esembl i ng as
t o be cal cul at ed t o decei ve, any cur r ency- not e or bank- not e shal l be
puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o one hundr ed r upees.

( 2) I f any per son, whose name appear s on a document t he maki ng of
whi ch i s an of f ence under sub- sect i on ( 1) , r ef uses, wi t hout l awf ul
excuse, t o di scl ose t o a pol i ce- of f i cer on bei ng so r equi r ed t he name
and addr ess of t he per son by whomi t was pr i nt ed or ot her wi se made, he
shal l be puni shed wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees.

( 3) Wher e t he name of any per son appear s on any document i n
r espect of whi ch any per son i s char ged wi t h an of f ence under sub-
sect i on ( 1) or on any ot her document used or di st r i but ed i n connect i on
wi t h t hat document i t may, unt i l t he cont r ar y i s pr oved, be pr esumed
t hat t hat per son caused t he document t o be made. ]

CHAPTER XI X

OF THE CRI MI NAL BREACH OF CONTRACTS OF SERVI CE

CHAPTER XI X

OF THE CRI MI NAL BREACH OF CONTRACTS OF SERVI CE

490.

490. [ Pr each of cont r act of ser vi ce dur i ng voyage or j our ney. ]
Rep. by t he Wor kmen' s Br each of Cont r act ( Repeal i ng) Act , 1925 ( 3 of
1925) , s. 2 and Sch.

491.

Br each of cont r act t o at t end on and suppl y want s of hel pl ess per son.

491. Br each of cont r act t o at t end on and suppl y want s of hel pl ess
per son. - - Whoever , bei ng bound by a l awf ul cont r act t o at t end on or t o
suppl y t he want s of any per son who, by r eason of yout h, or of
unsoundness of mi nd, or of a di sease or bodi l y weakness, i s hel pl ess
or i ncapabl e of pr ovi di ng f or hi s own saf et y or of suppl yi ng hi s own
want s, vol unt ar i l y omi t s so t o do, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment
of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee mont hs, or
wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t wo hundr ed r upees, or wi t h bot h.

492.

492. [ Br each of cont r act t o ser ve at di st ant pl ace t o whi ch
ser vant i s conveyed at mast er ' s expense. ] Rep. by t he Wor kmen' s Br each
of Cont r act ( Repeal i ng) Act , 1925 ( 3 of 1925) , s. 2 and Sch.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
l i f e" .

2. S. 489E was i ns. by Act 6 of 1943, s. 2.

211

CHAPTER XX

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO MARRI AGE

CHAPTER XX

OF OFFENCES RELATI NG TO MARRI AGE

493.

Cohabi t at i on caused by a man decei t f ul l y i nduci ng a bel i ef of l awf ul
mar r i age.

493. Cohabi t at i on caused by a man decei t f ul l y i nduci ng a bel i ef
of l awf ul mar r i age. - - Ever y man who by decei t causes any woman who i s
not l awf ul l y mar r i ed t o hi mt o bel i eve t hat she i s l awf ul l y mar r i ed t o
hi mand t o cohabi t or have sexual i nt er cour se wi t h hi mi n t hat bel i ef ,

494.

Mar r yi ng agai n dur i ng l i f et i me of husband or wi f e.

494. Mar r yi ng agai n dur i ng l i f et i me of husband or wi f e. - - Whoever ,
havi ng a husband or wi f e l i vi ng, mar r i es i n any case i n whi ch such
mar r i age i s voi d by r eason of i t s t aki ng pl ace dur i ng t he l i f e of such
husband or wi f e, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

Except i on. - Thi s sect i on does not ext end t o any per son whose
mar r i age wi t h such husband or wi f e has been decl ar ed voi d by a Cour t
of compet ent j ur i sdi ct i on,

nor t o any per son who cont r act s a mar r i age dur i ng t he l i f e of a
f or mer husband or wi f e, i f such husband or wi f e, at t he t i me of t he
subsequent mar r i age, shal l have been cont i nual l y absent f r om such
per son f or t he space of seven year s, and shal l not have been hear d of
by such per son as bei ng al i ve wi t hi n t hat t i me pr ovi ded t he per son
cont r act i ng such subsequent mar r i age shal l , bef or e such mar r i age t akes
pl ace, i nf or m t he per son wi t h whomsuch mar r i age i s cont r act ed of t he
r eal st at e of f act s so f ar as t he same ar e wi t hi n hi s or her
knowl edge.

495.

Same of f ence wi t h conceal ment of f or mer mar r i age f r omper son wi t h whom
subsequent mar r i age i s cont r act ed.

495. Same of f ence wi t h conceal ment of f or mer mar r i age f r omper son
wi t h whom subsequent mar r i age i s cont r act ed. - - Whoever commi t s t he
of f ence def i ned i n t he l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on havi ng conceal ed f r om
t he per son wi t h whom t he subsequent mar r i age i s cont r act ed, t he f act
of t he f or mer mar r i age, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

496.

Mar r i age cer emony f r audul ent l y gone t hr ough wi t hout l awf ul mar r i age.

496. Mar r i age cer emony f r audul ent l y gone t hr ough wi t hout l awf ul
mar r i age. - - Whoever , di shonest l y or wi t h a f r audul ent i nt ent i on, goes
t hr ough t he cer emony of bei ng mar r i ed, knowi ng t hat he i s not t her eby
l awf ul l y mar r i ed, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her

497.

Adul t er y.

497. Adul t er y. - - Whoever has sexual i nt er cour se wi t h a per son who
i s and whomhe knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be t he wi f e of
anot her man, wi t hout t he consent or conni vance of t hat man, such
sexual i nt er cour se not amount i ng t o t he of f ence of r ape, i s gui l t y of
t he of f ence of adul t er y, and shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of
ei t her descr i pt i on f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s, or wi t h
f i ne, or wi t h bot h. I n such case t he wi f e shal l not be puni shabl e as
an abet t or .

498.

Ent i ci ng or t aki ng away or det ai ni ng wi t h cr i mi nal i nt ent a mar r i ed
woman.

498. Ent i ci ng or t aki ng away or det ai ni ng wi t h cr i mi nal i nt ent a
mar r i ed woman. - - Whoever t akes or ent i ces away any woman who i s and
whomhe knows or has r eason t o bel i eve t o be t he wi f e of any ot her
man, f r om t hat man, or f r om any per son havi ng t he car e of her on
behal f of t hat man, wi t h i nt ent t hat she may have i l l i ci t i nt er cour se
wi t h any per son, or conceal s or det ai ns wi t h t hat i nt ent any such
woman, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her descr i pt i on f or a

CHAPTER XXA

OF CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR RELATI VES OF HUSBAND

1*[ CHAPTER XXA

OF CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR RELATI VES OF HUSBAND

498A.

Husband or r el at i ve of husband of a woman subj ect i ng her t o cr uel t y.

498A. Husband or r el at i ve of husband of a woman subj ect i ng her t o
cr uel t y. - - Whoever , bei ng t he husband or t he r el at i ve of t he husband of
a woman, subj ect s such woman t o cr uel t y shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s and shal l al so
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Chapt er XXA i nser t ed by Act 46 of 1983, s. 2.

212

Expl anat i on. - For t he pur poses of t hi s sect i on, " cr uel t y" means-

( a) any wi l f ul conduct whi ch i s of such a nat ur e as i s
l i kel y t o dr i ve t he woman t o commi t sui ci de or t o cause gr ave
i nj ur y or danger t o l i f e, l i mb or heal t h ( whet her ment al or
physi cal ) of t he woman; or

( b) har assment of t he woman wher e such har assment i s wi t h a
vi ew t o coer ci ng her or any per son r el at ed t o her t o meet any
unl awf ul demand f or any pr oper t y or val uabl e secur i t y or i s on
account of f ai l ur e by her or any per son r el at ed t o her t o meet
such demand. ]

CHAPTER XXI

OF DEFAMATI ON

CHAPTER XXI

OF DEFAMATI ON

499.

Def amat i on.

499. Def amat i on. - - Whoever by wor ds ei t her spoken or i nt ended t o
be r ead, or by si gns or by vi si bl e r epr esent at i ons, makes or publ i shes
any i mput at i on concer ni ng any per son i nt endi ng t o har m, or knowi ng or
havi ng r eason t o bel i eve t hat such i mput at i on wi l l har m, t he
r eput at i on of such per son, i s sai d, except i n t he cases her ei naf t er
except ed, t o def ame t hat per son.

Expl anat i on 1. - I t may amount t o def amat i on t o i mput e anyt hi ng t o
a deceased per son, i f t he i mput at i on woul d har mt he r eput at i on of t hat
per son i f l i vi ng, and i s i nt ended t o be hur t f ul t o t he f el l i ngs of hi s
f ami l y or ot her near r el at i ves.

Expl anat i on 2. - I t may amount t o def amat i on t o make an i mput at i on
concer ni ng a company or an associ at i on or col l ect i on of per sons as
such.

Expl anat i on 3. - An i mput at i on i n t he f or m of an al t er nat i ve or
expr essed i r oni cal l y, may amount t o def amat i on.

Expl anat i on 4. - No i mput at i on i s sai d t o har m a per son' s
r eput at i on, unl ess t hat i mput at i on di r ect l y or i ndi r ect l y, i n t he
est i mat i on of ot her s, l ower s t he mor al or i nt el l ect ual char act er of
t hat per son, or l ower s t he char act er of t hat per son i n r espect of hi s
cast e or of hi s cal l i ng, or l ower s t he cr edi t of t hat per son, or
causes i t t o be bel i eved t hat t he body of t hat per son i s i n a l ot hsome
st at e, or i n a st at e gener al l y consi der ed as di sgr acef ul .


( a) A says- " Z i s an honest man; he never st ol e B' s wat ch" ,
i nt endi ng t o cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat Z di d st eal B' s wat ch. Thi s
i s def amat i on, unl ess i t f al l wi t hi n one of t he except i ons.

( b) A i s asked who st ol e B' s wat ch. A poi nt s t o Z, i nt endi ng t o
cause i t t o be bel i eved t hat Z st ol e B' s wat ch. Thi s i s def amat i on,
unl ess i t f al l wi t hi n one of t he except i ons.

( c) A dr aws a pi ct ur e of Z r unni ng away wi t h B' s wat ch,
i nt endi ng i t t o be bel i eved t hat Z st ol e B' s wat ch. Thi s i s
def amat i on, unl ess i t f al l wi t hi n one of t he except i ons.

Fi r st Except i on. - I mput at i on of t r ut h whi ch publ i c good r equi r es
t o be made or publ i shed. - I t i s not def amat i on t o i mput e anyt hi ng
whi ch i s t r ue concer ni ng any per son, i f i t be f or t he publ i c good t hat
t he i mput at i on shoul d be made or publ i shed. Whet her or not i t i s f or
t he publ i c good i s a quest i on of f act .

213

Second Except i on. - Publ i c conduct of publ i c ser vant s. - I t i s not
def amat i on t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on what ever r espect i ng
t he conduct of a publ i c ser vant i n t he di schar ge of hi s publ i c
f unct i ons, or r espect i ng hi s char act er , so f ar as hi s char act er
appear s i n t hat conduct , and no f ur t her .

Thi r d Except i on. - Conduct of any per son t ouchi ng any publ i c
quest i on. - I t i s not def amat i on t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on
what ever r espect i ng t he conduct of any per son t ouchi ng any publ i c
quest i on, and r espect i ng hi s char act er , so f ar as hi s char act er
appear s i n t hat conduct , and no f ur t her .

I l l ust r at i on

I t i s not def amat i on i n A t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on
what ever r esept i ng Z' s conduct i n pet i t i oni ng Gover nment on a publ i c
quest i on, i n si gni ng a r equi si t i on f or a meet i ng on a publ i c quest i on,
i n pr esi di ng or at t endi ng at such meet i ng, i n f or mi ng or j oi ni ng any
soci et y whi ch i nvi t es t he publ i c suppor t , i n vot i ng or canvassi ng f or
a par t i cul ar candi dat e f or any si t uat i on i n t he ef f i ci ent di schar ge of
t he dut i es of whi ch t he publ i c i s i nt er est ed.

Four t h Except i on. - Publ i cat i on of r epor t s of pr oceedi ngs of
cour t s- I t i s not def amat i on t o publ i sh a subst ant i al l y t r ue r epor t of
t he pr oceedi ngs of a Cour t of J ust i ce, or of t he r esul t of any such
pr oceedi ngs.

Expl anat i on. - A J ust i ce of t he Peace or ot her of f i cer hol di ng an
enqui r y i n open Cour t pr el i mi nar y t o a t r i al i n a Cour t of J ust i ce, i s
a Cour t wi t hi n t he meani ng of t he above sect i on.

Fi f t h Except i on. - Mer i t s of case deci ded i n Cour t or conduct of
wi t nesses and ot her s concer ned. I t i s not def amat i on t o expr ess i n
good f ai t h any opi ni on what ever r espect i ng t he mer i t s of any case,
ci vi l or cr i mi nal , whi ch has been deci ded by a Cour t of J ust i ce, or
r espect i ng t he conduct of any per son as a par t y, wi t ness or agent , i n
any such case, or r espect i ng t he char act er of such per son, as f ar as
hi s char act er appear s i n t hat conduct , and no f ur t her .


( a) A says- " I t hi nk Z' s evi dence on t hat t r i al i s so
cont r adi ct or y t hat he must be st upi d or di shonest . " A i s wi t hi n t hi s
except i on i f he says t hi s i n good f ai t h, i nasmuch as t he opi ni on whi ch
he expr esses r espect s Z' s char act er as i t appear s i n Z' s conduct as a
wi t ness, and no f ar t her .

( b) But i f A says- " I do not bel i eve what Z asser t ed at t hat t r i al
because I know hi mt o be a man wi t hout ver aci t y" ; A i s not wi t hi n t hi s
except i on, i nasmuch as t he opi ni on whi ch expr esses of Z' s char act er ,
i s an opi ni on not f ounded on Z' s conduct as a wi t ness.

Si xt h Except i on. - Mer i t s of publ i c per f or mance. - I t i s not
def amat i on t o expr ess i n good f ai t h any opi ni on r espect i ng t he mer i t s
of any per f or mance whi ch i t s aut hor has submi t t ed t o t he j udgment of
t he publ i c, or r espect i ng t he char act er of t he aut hor so f ar as hi s
char act er appear s i n such per f or mance, and no f ar t her .

Expl anat i on. - A per f or mance may be submi t t ed t o t he j udgment of
t he publ i c expr essl y or by act s on t he par t of t he aut hor whi ch i mpl y
such submi ssi on t o t he j udgment of t he publ i c.


( a) A per son who publ i shes a book, submi t s t hat book t o t he
j udgment of t he publ i c.

( b) A per son who makes a speech i n publ i c, submi t s t hat speech t o
t he j udgment of t he publ i c.

( c) An act or or si nger who appear s on a publ i c st age, submi t s hi s
act i ng or si ngi ng t o t he j udgment of t he publ i c.

214

( d) A says of a book publ i shed by Z- " Z' s book i s f ool i sh; Z must
be a weak man. Z' s book i s i ndecent ; Z must be a man of i mpur e mi nd. "
A i s wi t hi n t he except i on, i f he says t hi s i n good f ai t h, i nasmuch as
t he opi ni on whi ch he expr esses of Z r espect s Z' s char act er onl y so f ar
as i t appear s i n Z' s book, and no f ur t her .

( e) But i f A says- " I am not sur pr i sed t hat Z' s book i s f ool i sh
and i ndecent , f or he i s a weak man and a l i ber t i ne. " A i s not wi t hi n
t hi s except i on, i nasmuch as t he opi ni on whi ch he expr esses of Z' s
char act er i s an opi ni on not f ounded on Z' s book.

Sevent h Except i on. - Censur e passed i n good f ai t h by per son havi ng
l awf ul aut hor i t y over anot her . - I t i s not def amat i on i n a per son havi ng
over anot her any aut hor i t y, ei t her conf er r ed by l aw or ar i si ng out of
a l awf ul cont r act made wi t h t hat ot her , t o pass i n good f ai t h any
censur e on t he conduct of t hat ot her i n mat t er s t o whi ch such l awf ul
aut hor i t y r el at es.

I l l ust r at i on

A J udge censur i ng i n good f ai t h t he conduct of a wi t ness, or of
an of f i cer of t he Cour t ; a head of a depar t ment censur i ng i n good
f ai t h t hose who ar e under hi s or der s; a par ent censur i ng i n good f ai t h
a chi l d i n t he pr esence of ot her chi l dr en; a school mast er , whose
aut hor i t y i s der i ved f r oma par ent , censur i ng i n good f ai t h a pupi l i n
t he pr esence of ot her pupi l s; a mast er censur i ng a ser vant i n good
f ai t h f or r emi ssness i n ser vi ce; a banker censur i ng i n good f ai t h t he
cashi er of hi s bank f or t he conduct of such cashi er as such cashi er -
ar e wi t hi n t hi s except i on.

Ei ght h Except i on. - Accusat i on pr ef er r ed i n good f ai t h t o
aut hor i sed per son. - I t i s not def amat i on t o pr ef er i n good f ai t h an
accusat i on agai nst any per son t o any of t hose who have l awf ul
aut hor i t y over t hat per son wi t h r espect t o t he subj ect - mat t er of
accusat i on.

I l l ust r at i on

I f A i n good f ai t h accuses Z bef or e a Magi st r at e; i f A i n good
f ai t h compl ai ns of t he conduct of Z, a ser vant , t o Z' s mast er ; i f A i n
good f ai t h compl ai ns of t he conduct of Z, a chi l d, t o Z' s f at her - A i s
wi t hi n t hi s except i on.

Ni nt h Except i on. - I mput at i on made i n good f ai t h by per son f or
pr ot ect i on of hi s or ot her ' s i nt er est s. - I t i s not def amat i on t o make
an i mput at i on on t he char act er of anot her pr ovi ded t hat t he i mput at i on
be made i n good f ai t h f or t he pr ot ect i on of t he i nt er est of t he per son
maki ng i t , or of any ot her per son, or f or t he publ i c good.


( a) A, a shopkeeper , says t o B, who manages hi s busi ness- " Sel l
not hi ng t o Z unl ess he pays you r eady money, f or I have no opi ni on of
hi s honest y. " A i s wi t hi n t he except i on, i f he has made t hi s
i mput at i on on Z i n good f ai t h f or t he pr ot ect i on of hi s own i nt er est s.

( b) A, a Magi st r at e, i n maki ng a r epor t t o hi s own super i or
of f i cer , cast s an i mput at i on on t he char act er of Z. Her e, i f t he
i mput at i on i s made i n good f ai t h, and f or t he publ i c good, A i s wi t hi n
t he except i on.

Tent h Except i on. - Caut i on i nt ended f or good of per son t o whom
conveyed or f or publ i c good. - I t i s not def amat i on t o convey a
caut i on, i n good f ai t h, t o one per son agai nst anot her , pr ovi ded t hat
such caut i on be i nt ended f or t he good of t he per son t o whomi t i s
conveyed, or of some per son i n whomt hat per son i s i nt er est ed, or f or
t he publ i c good.

215

500.

Puni shment f or def amat i on.

500. Puni shment f or def amat i on. - - Whoever def ames anot her shal l be

501.

Pr i nt i ng or engr avi ng mat t er known t o be def amat or y.

501. Pr i nt i ng or engr avi ng mat t er known t o be def amat or y. - -
Whoever pr i nt s or engr aves any mat t er , knowi ng or havi ng good r eason
t o bel i eve t hat such mat t er i s def amat or y of any per son, shal l be

502.

Sal e of pr i nt ed or engr aved subst ance cont ai ni ng def amat or y mat t er .

502. Sal e of pr i nt ed or engr aved subst ance cont ai ni ng def amat or y
mat t er . - - Whoever sel l s or of f er s f or sal e any pr i nt ed or engr aved
subst ance cont ai ni ng def amat or y mat t er , knowi ng t hat i t cont ai ns such
mat t er , shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch

CHAPTER XXI I

OF CRI MI NAL I NTI MI DATI ON, I NSULT AND ANNOYANCE

CHAPTER XXI I

OF CRI MI NAL I NTI MI DATI ON, I NSULT AND ANNOYANCE

503.

Cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on.

503. Cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on. - - Whoever t hr eat ens anot her wi t h any
i nj ur y t o hi s per son, r eput at i on or pr oper t y, or t o t he per son or
r eput at i on of any one i n whomt hat per son i s i nt er est ed, wi t h i nt ent
t o cause al ar mt o t hat per son, or t o cause t hat per son t o do any act
whi ch he i s not l egal l y bound t o do, or t o omi t t o do any act whi ch
t hat per son i s l egal l y ent i t l ed t o do, as t he means of avoi di ng t he
execut i on of such t hr eat , commi t s cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on.

Expl anat i on. - A t hr eat t o i nj ur e t he r eput at i on of any deceased
per son i n whomt he per son t hr eat ened i s i nt er est ed, i s wi t hi n t hi s
sect i on.

I l l ust r at i on

A, f or t he pur pose of i nduci ng B t o r esi st f r ompr osecut i ng a
ci vi l sui t , t hr eat ens t o bur n B' s house. A i s gui l t y of cr i mi nal
i nt i mi dat i on.

504.

I nt ent i onal i nsul t wi t h i nt ent t o pr ovoke br each of t he peace.

504. I nt ent i onal i nsul t wi t h i nt ent t o pr ovoke br each of t he
peace. - - Whoever i nt ent i onal l y i nsul t s, and t her eby gi ves pr ovocat i on
t o any per son, i nt endi ng or knowi ng i t t o be l i kel y t hat such
pr ovocat i on wi l l cause hi mt o br eak t he publ i c peace, or t o commi t any
ot her of f ence, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment of ei t her
wi t h bot h.

505.

St at ement s conduci ng publ i c mi schi ef .

1*[ 505. St at ement s conduci ng publ i c mi schi ef . - - 2*[ ( 1) ]
Whoever makes, publ i shes or ci r cul at es any st at ement , r umour or
r epor t , -

( a) wi t h i nt ent t o cause, or whi ch i s l i kel y t o cause, any
of f i cer , sol di er , 3*[ sai l or or ai r man] i n t he Ar my, 4*[ Navy
or Ai r For ce] 5*[ of I ndi a] t o mut i ny or ot her wi se di sr egar d or
f ai l i n hi s dut y as such; or

( b) wi t h i nt ent t o cause, or whi ch i s l i kel y t o cause, f ear
or al ar m t o t he publ i c, or t o any sect i on of t he publ i c wher eby
any per son may be i nduced t o commi t an of f ence agai nst t he St at e
or agai nst t he publ i c t r anqui l i t y; or
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2. Renumber ed by Act 35 of 1969, s. 3.

3. Subs. by Act 10 of 1927, s. 2 and Such. I , f or " or sai l or " .

4. Subs. by s. 2 and Sch. i . i bi d. , f or " or navy" .

5. Subs. by t he A. O. 1950, f or " of Her Maj est y or i n t he I mper i al
Ser vi ce Tr oops" . The wor ds " or i n t he Royal I ndi an Mar i ne"
occur r i ng af t er t he wor d " Maj est y" wer e r ep. by Act 35 of 1934.

216

( c) wi t h i nt ent t o i nci t e, or whi ch i s l i kel y t o i nci t e, any
cl ass or communi t y of per sons t o commi t any of f ence agai nst any
ot her cl ass or communi t y,

shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o 1*[ t hr ee
year s] , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

2*[ ( 2) St at ement s cr eat i ng or pr omot i ng enmi t y, hat r ed or i l l -
wi l l bet ween cl asses. - - Whoever makes, publ i shes or ci r cul at es any
st at ement or r epor t cont ai ni ng r umour or al ar mi ng news wi t h i nt ent t o
cr eat e or pr omot e, or whi ch i s l i kel y t o cr eat e or pr omot e, on gr ounds
of r el i gi on, r ace, pl ace of bi r t h, r esi dence, l anguage, cast e or
communi t y or any ot her gr ound what soever , f eel i ngs of enmi t y, hat r ed
or i l l - wi l l bet ween di f f er ent r el i gi ous, r aci al , l anguage or r egi onal
gr oups or cast es or communi t i es, shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment
whi ch may ext end t o t hr ee year s, or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

( 3) Of f ence under sub- sect i on ( 2) commi t t ed i n pl ace of wor shi p,
et c. - - Whoever commi t s an of f ence speci f i ed i n sub- sect i on ( 2) i n any
pl ace of wor shi p or i n any assembl y engaged i n t he per f or mance of
r el i gi ous wor shi p or r el i gi ous cer emoni es, shal l be puni shed wi t h
i mpr i sonment whi ch may ext end t o f i ve year s and shal l al so be l i abl e
t o f i ne. ]

Except i on. - I t does not amount t o an of f ence, wi t hi n t he meani ng
of t hi s sect i on, when t he per son maki ng, publ i shi ng or ci r cul at i ng any
such st at ement , r umour or r epor t , has r easonabl e gr ounds f or bel i evi ng
t hat such st at ement , r umour or r epor t i s t r ue and makes, publ i shes or
ci r cul at es i t 2[ i n good f ai t h and] wi t hout any such i nt ent as
af or esai d. ]

506.

Puni shment f or cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on.

506. Puni shment f or cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on. - - Whoever commi t s t he
of f ence of cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on shal l be puni shed wi t h i mpr i sonment
wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h;

I f t hr eat be t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , et c.

I f t hr eat be t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , et c. - - and i f t he
t hr eat be t o cause deat h or gr i evous hur t , or t o cause t he dest r uct i on
of any pr oper t y by f i r e, or t o cause an of f ence puni shabl e wi t h deat h
or 3*[ i mpr i sonment f or l i f e] , of wi t h i mpr i sonment f or a t er mwhi ch
may ext end t o seven year s, or t o i mput e unchast i t y t o a woman, shal l

507.

Cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on by an anonymous communi cat i on.

507. Cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on by an anonymous communi cat i on. - -
Whoever commi t s t he of f ence of cr i mi nal i nt i mi dat i on by an anonymous
communi cat i on, or havi ng t aken pr ecaut i on t o conceal t he name or abode
of t he per son f r om whomt he t hr eat comes, shal l be puni shed wi t h
year s, i n addi t i on t o t he puni shment pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence by t he
l ast pr ecedi ng sect i on.

508.

Act caused by i nduci ng per son t o bel i eve t hat he wi l l be r ender ed an
obj ect of t he Di vi ne di spl easur e.

508. Act caused by i nduci ng per son t o bel i eve t hat he wi l l be
r ender ed an obj ect of t he Di vi ne di spl easur e. - - Whoever vol unt ar i l y
causes or at t empt s t o cause any per son t o do anyt hi ng whi ch t hat
per son i s not l egal l y bound t o do, or t o omi t t o do anyt hi ng whi ch he
i s l egal l y ent i t l ed t o do, by i nduci ng or at t empt i ng t o i nduce t hat
per son t o bel i eve t hat he or any per son i n whomhe i s i nt er est ed wi l l
become or wi l l be r ender ed by some act of t he of f ender an obj ect of
Di vi ne di spl easur e i f he does not do t he t hi ng whi ch i t i s t he obj ect
of t he of f ender t o cause hi mt o do, or i f he does t he t hi ng whi ch i t
i s t he obj ect of t he of f ender t o cause hi mt o omi t , shal l be puni shed
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. Subs. by Act 41 of 1961, s. 4, f or " t wo year s" .

2. I ns. by Act 35 of 1969, s. 3.


217


( a) A si t s dhur na at Z' s door wi t h t he i nt ent i on of causi ng
i t t o be bel i eved t hat , by so si t t i ng, he r ender s Z an obj ect of
Di vi ne di spl easur e. A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s
sect i on.

( b) A t hr eat ens Z t hat , unl ess Z per f or ms a cer t ai n act , A wi l l
ki l l one of A' s own chi l dr en, under such ci r cumst ances t hat t he
ki l l i ng woul d be bel i eved t o r ender Z an obj ect of Di vi ne di spl easur e.
A has commi t t ed t he of f ence def i ned i n t hi s sect i on.

509.

Wor d, gest ur e or act i nt ended t o i nsul t t he modest y of a woman.

509. Wor d, gest ur e or act i nt ended t o i nsul t t he modest y of a
woman. - - Whoever , i nt endi ng t o i nsul t t he modest y of any woman, ut t er s
any wor d, makes any sound or gest ur e, or exhi bi t s any obj ect ,
i nt endi ng t hat such wor d or sound shal l be hear d, or t hat such gest ur e
or obj ect shal l be seen, by such woman, or i nt r udes upon t he pr i vacy
of such woman, shal l be puni shed wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m
whi ch may ext end t o one year , or wi t h f i ne, or wi t h bot h.

510.

Mi sconduct i n publ i c by a dr unken per son.

510. Mi sconduct i n publ i c by a dr unken per son. - - Whoever , i n a
st at e of i nt oxi cat i on, appear s i n any publ i c pl ace, or i n any pl ace
whi ch i t i s a t r espass i n hi mt o ent er , and t her e conduct s hi msel f i n
such a manner as t o cause annoyance t o any per son, shal l be puni shed
wi t h si mpl e i mpr i sonment f or a t er m whi ch may ext end t o t went y- f our
hour s, or wi t h f i ne whi ch may ext end t o t en r upees, or wi t h bot h.

CHAPTER XXI I I

OF ATTEMPTS TO COMMI T OFFENCES

CHAPTER XXI I I

OF ATTEMPTS TO COMMI T OFFENCES

511.

Puni shment f or at t empt i ng t o commi t of f ences puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or ot her i mpr i sonment .

511. Puni shment f or at t empt i ng t o commi t of f ences puni shabl e wi t h
i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or ot her i mpr i sonment . - - Whoever at t empt s t o
commi t an of f ence puni shabl e by t hi s Code wi t h 1*[ i mpr i sonment f or
l i f e] or i mpr i sonment , or t o cause such an of f ence t o be commi t t ed,
and i n such at t empt does any act t owar ds t he commi ssi on of t he
of f ence, shal l , wher e no expr ess pr ovi si on i s made by t hi s Code f or
t he puni shment of such at t empt , be puni shed wi t h 2*[ i mpr i sonment o f
any descr i pt i on pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, f or a t er mwhi ch may ext end
t o one- hal f of t he i mpr i sonment f or l i f e or , as t he case may be, one-
hal f of t he l ongest t er mof i mpr i sonment pr ovi ded f or t hat of f ence] ,
or wi t h such f i ne as i s pr ovi ded f or t he of f ence, or wi t h bot h.


( a) A makes an at t empt t o st eal some j ewel s by br eaki ng open a
box, and f i nds af t er so openi ng t he box, t hat t her e i s no j ewel i n i t .
He has done an act t owar ds t he commi ssi on of t hef t , and t her ef or e i s
gui l t y under t hi s sect i on.

( b) A makes an at t empt t o pi ck t he pocket of Z by t hr ust i ng hi s
hand i nt o Z' s pocket . A f ai l s i n t he at t empt i n consequence of Z' s
havi ng not hi ng i n hi s pocket . A i s gui l t y under t hi s sect i on.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2. Subs. by s. 117 and Sch. , i bi d. , f or cer t ai n wor ds.

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THE I NDI AN PENAL CODE, 1860

ACT NO. 45 OF 1860 1*

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