CC NGUYN TC

PHT M PH BIN TRONG TING ANH

Tng hp v bin son : L Hin
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MC LC
I/ BNG PHIN M QUC T (IPA) .................................. 2
II/ CCH NI M S CUI CU ....................................... 2
III/ CCH NI M ED CUI CU .................................. 3
IV/ CC NGUYN TC NI M NUT M THNG
DNG ........................................................................................ 4
V/ CC CCH NI TT TRONG TING ANH ................. 7
VI/ TRNG M TRONG CU .............................................. 8



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I/ BNG PHIN M QUC T (IPA)

II/ CCH NI M S CUI CU
1) C L /S/
TN CNG CA CC T L CC M V THANH: /F/, /P/, /T/, /K/
+) Danh t s nhiu: m cui ca danh t s t l nhng m v thanh
trn.
VD: hats, cats, lips, sticks
+) ng t ngi th 3 s t trong hin ti n: m cui ca ng t
nguyn mu l m v thanh trn
VD:
He likes.
She talks.
It floats.
+) S hu cch: khi m cui ca s hu ch l nhng m v thanh
trn.
VD: PATs car, the cooks recipe
+) Vit tt: khi m cui ca t ngay trc du l nhng m v thanh.
VD:
Its true.
Thats my house.
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Its been a while
2) C L /IZ/
TN CNG CA CC T L CC M: /s/, /z/, //, /t/, //, /d/
+) Danh t s nhiu: m cui ca danh t s t l mt trong nhng m
sau:
VD: wishes, churches, places
+) ng t ngi th 3 s t trong hin ti n:
VD:
He watches TV
The bee buzzes
+) S hu cch:
VD: The Roses stem, the churchs altar
3) C L /Z/
M CUI L M HU THANH ( TT C NHNG M CN LI
TR NHNG M CP TRN.
+) Danh t s nhiu:
VD: floors, bags, cars
+) ng t ngi th 3 s t trong hin ti n
VD:
He swims
The bird flies
She sings.
+) S hu cch:
VD: Tims house, my friends car
+) Vit tt:
Shes my sister.
Hes leaving.
III/ CCH NI M ED CUI CU
1) C L /t/
KHI M CUI CA NG T NGUYN MU L M V
THANH: /f/, /k/,/p/, /s/, //, /t/
VD: talked, washed, laughed, passed, placed, stopped.
2) C L /id/
KHI M CUI CA NG T NGUYN MU L /t/ HOC /d/
VD: wanted /w:ntd/
Tng t ta c: needed, ended, started, counted.
3) C L /D/
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TT C NHNG M CN LI TR NHNG M CP
TRN
VD: Loved /lvd/
Tng t: played, filled, followed, rained, boiled, called, raised,
prepared,..
IV/ CC NGUYN TC NI M NUT M THNG DNG
1) S NI M
a) Quy tc ph m ng trc nguyn m
Khi 1 ph m ng trc mt nguyn m, ta c ni ph m vi
nguyn m
VD: check-in bn c lin thnh ['tek'in], fill-up c lin thnh ['filp]
ch khng tch ri hai t.
Vi cm t vit tt:
VD: MA /em mei/
Mt ph m gi ng trc nguyn m, trc khi ni vi nguyn m
phi chuyn ph m sang ph m khng gi tng ng.
VD: laugh at , laugh tn cng l /f/ => chuyn /f/ thnh /v/ => c l /la:v
vt/.
Tng t:
Words liaison
wall-eye ['w:l'ai]
pull-off ['pulf]
hold on [hould n]
full-automatic ['ful:t'mtik]
catch-all ['kt:l]
break-up ['breikp

b) Quy tc nguyn m ng trc nguyn m
Khi mt nguyn m ng trc nguyn m bn s thm mt ph m
vo gia 2 nguyn m ni. C 2 quy tc thm ph m nh sau:
i vi nguyn m trn mi (khi pht m, mi bn nhn ging hnh
ch "O"), v d: "OU", "U", "AU",... bn cn thm ph m "W" vo
gia. V d "USA" s c c l /ju wes sei/.
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V d:
too often who is so I do all
c l tooWoften whoWis soWI doWall

i vi nguyn m di mi (khi pht m, mi bn ko di sang 2
bn), v d: "E", "I", "EI",... bn thm ph m "Y" vo gia. VD:
VOA (Voice of America) /vi you wei/. Tng t ta c v d:
I am Kay is the end she asked
c l IYam KayYis theYend sheYasked

c) Nguyn tc ph m ng trc ph m
Nu cc t kt thc bng nhng m l /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ m t
theo sau l mt ph m khc th khng c cc ph m trn.
VD:
stop trying /p/ - /t/
keep speaking /p/ - /s/
good song /d/ - /s/
that salad /t/ - /s/
Nu cc t kt thc v m u bi cng mt ph m th ni m li
v c thnh mt ph m di
VD:
Top position /p/ - /p/
Black cat /k/ - /k/
Big girl /g/ - /g/

m /s/ s c l / / nu ng trc m / / v /j/
VD:
Nice shoe /nu:/
This year /ijr/
2) S NUT M
a) m mnh v m nh
m mnh: S, N, L
m nh: T, D, TH
p dng: trong mt t hay mt cm t, cc ph m mnh s ln p ph m nh
ng ngay sau n, v m mnh ny s ni m vi nguyn m ng sau ph m
nh.
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VD:
Internet => phin m /'intrnet/, c l /'innrnet/
Went out , c l /wennt/
Cc t khc nh:
- reST, moST, coST , beST ... (ch T b nh ri)
- anD, hanD... (Ch D b cm - Vd: you and I c l /ju: n n/)
- In the house (m TH ca t THE b cm - c l /inn hs/)
- All the world (m TH ca t THE b cm v n ng sau LL ca t ALL,
c l /:l w:rld/
b) Nut ph m
Khi c hai hay nhiu ph m i vi nhau, s xut hin khuynh hng nut
m khi c. C nhng trng hp s nut m s ko theo m tit trong t s b
gim:
word/combination no elision elision
asked [:skt] [:st]
lecture [lkt] [lk]
desktop [dsktp] [dstp]
hard disk [h:ddsk] [h:dsk]
kept quiet [kptkwat] [kpkwat]
kept calling [kptko:l] [kpko:l]
kept talking [kptto:k] [kpto:k]
at least twice [tli:sttwas] [tli:stwas]
straight towards [stettwo:dz] [stetwo:dz]
next to [nkstt] [nkst]
want to [wntt] [wnt]
seemed not to notice [si:mdnttnts] [si:mntnts]
for the first time [ff:sttam] [ff:stam]
Ch :
Trong ting Anh, c mt s m thng c lc b:
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Ph m v trong of khi n ng trc ph m.
VD: lots of them / lts v m / => / lts m /
Nhng m yu sau p, t, k (thng l m ).
o Potato / p'teit / => / p'teit /
o Tomato / t'm:t / => / t'm:t /
o Canary / k'neri / => /k'neri /
Ph m gia trong nhm ph m thc tp
o Looked back / lktbk / => / lkbk /
o Acts / kts / => / ks /
3) Cc trng hp c bit
+) T + Y(U) => CH /t /. VD: not you, mutually, ritual.
+) D + Y(U) => J /d /. VD: schedule, I understand you.
+) S + Y(U) => SH/ /. VD: Are you sure?, Assure.
+) Z + Y(U) => ZH / / . VD: Close your door.
+) /t/ nm gia 2 nguyn m v khng l trng m => c l /d/. VD:
tomato /t'medo/
+) him, her, them c 2 cch c:
C ph m u ( khi ng trc n l 1 nguyn m)
Khng c ph m u ( khi ng trc l 1 ph m). VD: gave her =>
gaver.
V/ CC CCH NI TT TRONG TING ANH
gonna = is / am going to (do something)
VD: I'm gonna call him now.
wanna = want to
VD: I wanna speak to you.
gotta = has / have got to (or have got)
VD: I gotta go!
innit = isn't it
VD: It's cold, innit?
ain't = isn't / haven't / hasn't
VD:
o He ain't finished yet.
o I ain't seen him today.
ya = you
VD: Do ya know what I mean?
lemme = let me, gimme = give me
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VD: Lemme see tomorrow's a good time.
whadd'ya = what do you
VD: "Whadd'ya mean, you don't want to watch the game?"
dunno = don't / doesn't know
VD: I dunno. Whadd'ya think?
whatcher name? = whats your name?
coz = because
course = of course
probly = probably
how boutchu = how about you?
Whatcha doing? = what are you doing?
Zit work ? = does it work?
Kinda = kind of
o Outa = out of
o Woulda = would have
o Coulda = could have
o Shoulda = should have

VI/ TRNG M TRONG CU
Trng m cu trong ting Anh rt quan trng v trong khi ni, t m bn
nhn trng m cng nh cch bn nh trng m vo cng mt t c th lm
thy i hon ton ngh hm cha trong cu ni.
V d:
I 'love you. (Ti yu em - ch khng phi l thch)
'I love you. (Ti - ch khng phi ai khc - yu em)
I love 'you. (gi ti yu l em - ch khng phi ai khc)
Hu ht cc t trong cu c chia lm 2 loi:
hng t thuc v ni dung (content words) : hng t thuc v ni
dung l nhng t cha kho ca mt cu. hng l nhng t quan
trng, cha ng ngha ca cu.
hng t thuc v mt cu trc (structure words): l nhng t t quan
trng hn. y l nhng t ph tr cu to ng php cho cu lm
cho cu ng v cu trc hoc ng php.
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V vy, bn vn hiu ngha ca mt cu khi b i phn structure
words. u bn b phn content words, bn s khng hiu c ngha
ca cu .
Hy tng tng bn nhn c mt thng ip di y:
SELL CAR GONE FRANCE
y l cu cha hon chnh, n khng ng v mt ng php
nhng bn hon ton c th hiu ngha ca cu ny. h cn t m bn
vn c th hiu c ngha ca cu: Somebody wants you to sell their car
for them because they have gone to France. hng ta c th thm vi t:
SELL my CAR I've GONE to FRANCE.
hng t c thm vo khng cha ng thng tin nhng
lm cho cu ng v mt ng php. Thm ch, chng ta c th thm
nhng t khc lm cho cu hon chnh hn. hng nhng thng tin
chnh phi gi nguyn.
Will you SELL my AR because Ive GOE to FRAE.
Content Words:
SELL, CAR, GONE, FRANCE.
Structure Words:
Will, you, because, I've, to.
C 4 key words trong cu ny l: sell, car, gone, France
c nh trng m.
Ti sao iu ny li quan trng trong pht m? i v n
mang li giai iu, ting nhc cho ngn ng. chnh l m iu ca
ting Anh v iu ny s to nn s thay i trong tc ni ting Anh.
ch nhp gia t c nh trng m l nh nhau.
+) T thuc v mt ni dung : c nh trng m, gm c:
Nhng t mng ngh
ng t chnh go, talk, writing
Danh t student, desk
Tnh t big, clever
Trng t quickly, loudly
Tr ng t (t/c ph nh ) cant, dont, arent
i t ch nh this, that, those
T hi who, which, where
+) T thuc v mt cu trc : ko nh trng m
T ng v mt cu trc
i t I, you, he ,they
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Gii t on, at, into
o t a, an, the
Lin t and, but, because
Tr ng t can, should, must
ng t to be is, was, am
V d:
- I am talking to the clever students.
- Youre sitting on the desk, but you rent listening to me.
- Hes writing quickly, so its difficult for him to hear me.