1

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

---------------------------------------




Phm nh Lut


VN CP PHT V CP NHT CC MNH
TRONG H PHN TN



Chuyn ngnh: Truyn d liu v Mng my tnh
M s: 60.48.15

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS. TS L Huy Thp


TM TT LUN VN THC S






H NI - 2012
2


LI M U

Ngy nay, cng ngh thng tin (CNTT) tr
thnh mt nhn t khng th thiu trong mi lnh vc ca
i sng x hi. S bng n nhu cu xy dng cc h
thng thng tin, m trc ht l cc h thng thng tin
qun l thu ht s quan tm ca nhiu nh khoa hc.
Cc h thng c s d liu (CSDL) ln lt xut hin.
Thp nin 60, xut hin M hnh d liu mng (Network
Data Model) v M hnh d liu phn cp. M hnh d
liu quan h (Relation Data Model) c E.Codd xut
nm 1970 nh du mc pht trin quan trng v c s l
thuyt ca cc h thng CSDL. Thp nin 80, l thp nin
ca cc h thng CSDL hng i tng cng vi s pht
trin rc r ca cc b vi x l p ng c yu cu tc
tnh ton ngy cng cao. Nhng my tnh ny c kh
nng thc hin ti hng t php tnh trong mt giy l
nh cng ngh tch hp v ch to b vi x l. Song v
mt vt l m ni, chng ta khng th tch hp mi cc vi
mch vo mt con chip trn cng mt din tch c m
ch n mt lc no kh nng tch hp khng cn na,
3

chnh v vy cc nh sn xut sn xut ra nhng con
chip a x l. V vy mt chin lc c t ra theo
hng th hai l chia bi ton ra thnh nhng cng vic
nh c th chy song song trn mt hay nhiu b x l.
Ngha l tng tc tnh ton bng cch s dng ng
thi nhiu my tnh b x l tnh ton song song nhm
nng cao hiu nng tnh ton, tit kim thi gian, gim chi
ph, gii quyt c cc vn ln hn, phc tp hn v
tng kh nng x l ng thi cao hn.
Lnh vc CNTT Vit nam tuy cn non tr nhng n
pht trin nhanh chng v gp phn khng nh trong cng
cuc xy dng, pht trin t nc. Nhim v ca nhng
cn b lm cng tc trong lnh vc CNTT l phi i trc,
n u nhng tin b ca khoa hc k thut v xu hng
pht trin ca thi i nht l trong lnh vc CNTT. Chnh
v vy, ti la chn ti:
Cp pht v cp nht cc mnh trong h thng phn
tn nghin cu thc hin.





4

CHNG I. H A X L
1.1 Tng quan h a x l
1.1.1 S cu trc tng qut ca vi x l
Ty thuc vo cc th h khc nhau, cc b vi x
l c th c cu trc bn trong khc i nhng vn c mt
s nguyn tc hot ng c bn nht.
Vi x l l mt mch s c th thc hin nhiu
chc nng s khc nhau. N s thc hin mt bi ton,
mt cng vic khi c cung cp mt chng trnh. Mt
chng trnh l mt chui cc tn hiu nh phn ni tip
nhau, mi chui nh phn s yu cu (cho php) mt chc
nng ca vi x l hot ng. Qu trnh lm vic ca vi x
l bao gm hai chu k chnh lp li mt cch lin tc
l:
- Chu k ly cc m lnh.
- Chu k thc hin cc chc nng m lnh yu cu.
Tng ng vi hai chu k trn c th chia vi x l ra hai
phn chnh: n v thc hin lnh EU (Execution Unit),
v n v giao tip BUS (Bus Interface).
1.1.2 a x l CMP (Chip multi processor)
- SIMD (Single Instrucstion stream, Multiple Data
stream - n ch th a d liu)
5

Cc my tnh loi SIMD gm cc b x l ging
nhau, cc b vi x l ny cng thc hin mt lnh ging
nhau x l nhiu dng d liu khc nhau. Mi b x l
c b nh d liu ring, nhng ch c chung mt b nh
lnh v mt b x l iu khin, b nh ny c v thi
hnh cc lnh. Tnh song song trong cc my SIMD l
tnh song song ca cc d liu.
- MIMD (Multiple Instruction Stream, Multiple
Data Stream)
Mt h thng MIMD l mt h thng nhiu b x
l v nhiu b nh, trong mi b x l c mt n v
x l ring v thc hin chng trnh ring. Cc my
MIMD x l phn tn thng qua mt s cc b x l c
lp, chia s ti nguyn cha trong h thng b nh chnh,
mi b x l thc hin c lp, ng thi v thc hin cc
chng trnh ring. Cc h thng MIMD thc hin cc
php ton theo dng song song khng ng b, cc nt
hot ng hp tc cht ch nhng thc hin c lp. V d
trong h thng phc v t ch my bay, vic t ch xy
ra thng xuyn, lin tc v ng thi, mi cuc t ch
cn mt chng trnh thc hin, cc chng trnh ny
6

khng bt u song song tng lnh mt, do chng ta c
nhiu dng chy lnh v nhiu dng chy d liu.
1.2 ng dng a x l d liu
- Database server: Database server l dch v kt ni
trc tip n my ch cha c s d liu. Server l mt
my ch m trn c ci t phn HQTCSDL nh: SQL
Server, MySQL, Oracle dch v Database server hon
ton t hiu qu nu h thng c thit k c b nh
c chia s kiu kin trc MIMD UMA.
- Web server: Web server l dch v m mt my
tnh (my ch) trn ci t phn mm phc v Web hay
cn gi l Web Server. Dch v Web Server s dng h
thng b nh khng chia s MIMD NUMA.
- Multimedia: L k thut tch hp trn mt nn
thng nht cc dng d liu khc nhau vi s h tr ca
my tnh.
- CAD/CAM:
CAD l cc phn mm thit k v cc phn mm v
c s tr gip ca my tnh.
CAM l mt hot ng c th trong cng ngh ch
to c kh. Kt qu ca CAM l c th, l chi tit c
kh.
7

1.3 Tng quan v qun tr c s d liu phn tn
1.3.1 Khi nim c s d liu phn tn
H CSDL phn tn - DDBS System (DDBS): L
mt tp hp d liu c lin i logic v c phn b trn
cc nt ca mt mng my tnh.
H qun tr CSDL phn tn (DDBMS) l mt h
thng phn mm cho php qun l cc DDBS v lm cho
vic phn tn tr nn v hnh i vi ngi s dng.
Nhng g c th phn tn? l phn tn thit b
x l, phn tn chc nng, phn tn d liu, v phn tn
quyn iu khin.
Ti sao phi thc hin phn tn? vic x l phn
tn nhm thch ng tt hn vi vic phn b ngy cng
rng ri ca cc cng ty, t chc; ng dng c s pht
trin ca cng ngh my tnh hin ti bao gm: phn cng,
phn mm)
1.3.2 Cc c im chnh ca h c s d liu phn
tn
1.3.2.1 Chia s ti nguyn
1.3.2.2 Tnh m
8

L d rng m rng nng cp phn cng v cc
thit b phn mm vi iu kin l cc thnh phn ny
phi theo mt tiu chun chung.
1.3.2.3 Kh nng song song
+Nhiu ngi s dng ng thi ra cc lnh hay cc
tng tc vi cc chng trnh ng dng.
+Nhiu tin trnh server chy ng thi, mi tin trnh
p ng yu cu t cc tin trnh Client khc.
1.3.2.4 Kh nng m rng
Kh nng m rng c c trng bi tnh khng
thay i phn mm h thng v phn mm ng dng khi
h thng c m rng.
1.3.2.5 Kh nng th li
+Dng kh nng thay th m bo s hot ng lin
tc v hiu qu.
+ Dng cc chng trnh hi phc khi gp s c.
1.3.2.6 Tnh trong sut
c hiu nh l s che khut i cc thnh phn
ring bit ca h i vi ngi s dng v nhng ngi
lp trnh ng dng: +Tnh trong sut v v tr;+Tnh trong
sut trong vic s dng;+Tnh trong sut ca vic phn
chia;+Tnh trong sut trong s trng lp.
9

1.3.2.7 m bo tnh tin cy v nht qun
S b mt ca d liu phi c bo v, cc chc
nng khi phc h hng phi c m bo, ngoi ra yu
cu nht qun ca d liu cng rt quan trng trong th
hin (Khi cc thuc tnh d liu l khc nhau th cc thao
tc phi nht qun).
1.3.3 Mc ch ca vic s dng d liu phn tn
- p ng nhu cu nhanh nht, hiu qu nht trong
vic cp nht v chia s thng tin, cng nh cc yu cu
lm vic trong mi trng mng Internet, tintranet pht
trin rc r nh hin ti, rt ph hp cho cc Cng ty v
cc Tp on m rng v pht trin trong xu th ton cu
ha v hi nhp ha.
- tin cy v kh nng s dng nng cao
- Kh nng phc hi nhanh chng
1.3.4 Kin trc c bn ca h phn tn
1.3.5 Cc yu t phc tp ca h qun tr c s d
liu phn tn
C ba yu t phc tp chnh nh sau:
+D liu c th c nhn bn.
+Khi c s c lm gin on, h hng th h thng
phi m bo rng cc tc dng s c trn d liu v
10

ti (nhng) v tr b mt lin lc sau khi h thng khi
phc li hot ng.
+ng b ho cc giao dch trn nhiu v tr s kh
khn hn so vi h thng tp trung.
1.3.6 Cc vn cn gii quyt khi xy dng h c s d
liu phn tn
+X l vn tin phn tn;+Qun l th mc phn
tn;+iu khin ng thi phn tn;+Qun l kha gi
phn tn;+ kh tn ca h qun tr c s d liu phn
tn;+H tr iu hnh;+C s d liu a chng loi
1.4 Kt lun
Do s pht trin mnh m ca cc h a x l ngy
cng nhanh, i hi ngi lp trnh cng c nhng hng
pht trin phn mm mt cch ph hp p ng vic tnh
ton gii quyt cng vic nhanh, nng cao c hiu nng
x l ca cc h a x l, tit kim thi gian cng sc,
gim nhiu chi ph, gii quyt c cc vn ln hn,
phc tp hn v tng kh nng x l ng thi cao hn
i hi phi xy dng c cc c s d liu trong
c c s d liu phn tn p ng c vic hi nhp
kinh t ton cu, p ng c vic pht trin m rng
ca cc t chc kinh t ton cu khi c cc vn phng, chi
11

nhnh khc nhau v a l nn vic lu tr thng tin trn
c s d liu phn tn l hiu qu hn c. C s d liu
phn tn l gii php t nhin khi t chc c sn c s
d liu v cn m rng cho cc ph dng ph qut hn v
gim cc chi ph truyn thng so vi d liu tp trung,
ng thi p ng c vic truy nhp c s d liu ca
ngi s dng (c php) i vi cc v tr khc. Do vy
vic qun tr c s d liu c th c thc hin t qun
ti mi v tr khc nhau.
CHNG II. C S D LIU D LIU
PHN TN
2.1 CSDL phn tn v H qun tr c s d liu
phn tn
2.1.1 H qun tr c s d liu
H qun tr c s d liu bao gm mt tp cc phn mm
(chng trnh) sau:
+ Cc chng trnh qun l d liu phn tn.
+Cha cc chng trnh qun tr vic truyn thng d
liu.
+Cc chng trnh qun tr c s d liu a phng.
+ Cc chng trnh qun tr t in d liu.

12

2.1.2 Kin trc h c s d liu phn tn
H Client/Server
Chia chc nng thnh hai lp: Chc nng ch v
chc nng khch. Server chu trch nhim thc hin mi
x l v ti u ha vn tin, qun l giao dch v qun l
thit b, Ti cc Client ngoi cc ng dng giao din,
cn c ring mt DBMS chu trch nhim qun l d liu
nhn t Server v c th qun l c cc phin giao dch.
H Peer-To-Peer
Trong Peer-To-Peer, vic t chc d liu vt l trn
mi Workstation c th khc nhau, nh vy phi c mt
nh ngha ring cho mi Workstation m ta gi l lc
ni ti cc b LIS (Local Internal Schema). Bc trang
ton cc v d liu ca c cng ty hay c x nghip,
c m t bi lc khi nim ton cc GCS (Global
Conceptual Schema), n c dng m t cu trc
logic ca d liu c lu ti cc Workstation.
2.1.3 Thit k c s d liu phn tn
Thit k mt h thng my tnh phn tn cn phi
chn nhng v tr t d liu v chng trnh trn mt
mng my tnh, rt c th phi k lun c vic thit k h
13

thng mng. i vi DDBMS, vic phn tn cc ng
dng i hi hai vn :
- Phn tn h qun tr CSDL v phn tn cc chng
trnh ng dng chy trn h qun tr .
- Phn tn d liu.
Vic t chc cc h phn tn c th c nghin
cu da theo ba trc khng gian vung gc [Levin and
Morgan, 1975].
- Mc chia s (level of sharing): C ba kh nng
l : 1- khng chia s, 2-chia s d liu, v 3- chia s
d liu ln chng trnh.
- Kiu mu truy xut (behavior of access pattern): C
hai chn la l kiu truy xut tnh v kiu truy xut
ng.
- Mc hiu bit v kiu mu truy xut: i hi
ngi thit k hiu cng r v thng tin truy xut
cng tt, c hai trng hp l: Bit mt phn thng
tin v bit thng tin mt cch y .
C hai chin lc chnh c xc nh trong vic
thit k cc CSDL phn tn l tip cn t trn xung (top-
down approach) v tip cn t di ln (bottom-up
approach).
14

a) Qun trnh tip cn t trn xung
b) Qu trnh thit k t di ln
c) Cc xu hng hin i ca h c s d liu phn
tn
2.2 Cch phn mnh v ti cu trc c s d liu
phn tn
thun li cho vic nghin cu, chng ta xt c
s d liu quan h ca cng ty in ton nh sau:
Quan h EMP(ENO,ENAME,TITLE):
Trong EMP l Employee, ENO l Employee Number (
M s nhn vin), ENAME l Employee Name (tn nhn
vin), TITLE(Chc v) v d liu nh ngha nh sau:
ENO ENAME TITLE
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
J .Doe
M.Smith
A.Lee
J .Mmith
B.Casey
L.Chu
R.David
J .J ones
Elect.Eng
Syst.Anal
Mech.Eng
Programmer
Syst.Anal
Elect.Eng
Mech.Eng
Syst.Anal
Bng 2.2a: Quan h EMP.
15

- Quan h PROJ(PNO,PNAME, BUDGET):
Trong PNO l Project Number (m s d n); Pname-
Project Name( Tn d n) v BUDGET (Ngn sch d
n), LOC(Location =v tr). V d liu gi nh sau:
PNO PNAME BUDGET LOC
P1
P2
P3
P4
Intrumentation
Database
Develop
CAD/CAM
Maintenance
150000
135000
250000
310000
Montreal
NewYork
NewYork
Paris
Bng 2.2b: Quan h PROJ
- Quan h PAY(TITLE,SAL):
Trong SAL salary (Tin lng). V d liu gi
nh nh sau:
TITLE SAL
Elect.Eng
Syst.Anal
Mech.Eng
Programmer
40000
34000
27000
24000
Bng 2.2c: Quan h PAY
- Quan h ASG (ENO,PNO,DUR,RESP)
Trong ASG Assignment (Phn cng nhim v): nhn
vin lm ti d n, thi gian lm, vi nhim v, DUR
16

(Duration=thi gian). RESP (Responsibility=nhim v).
V d liu gi nh nh sau:
ENO PNO RESP DUR
E1
E2
E2
E3
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
P1
P1
P2
P3
P4
P2
P2
P4
P3
P3
Manager
Analyst
Analyst
Consultant
Engineer
Progammer
Manager
Manager
Enginner
Manager
12
24
6
10
48
18
24
48
36
40
Bng 2.2d: Quan h ASG.
2.2.1 Ti sao cn phi phn mnh
Trc tin, khi to khung nhn ca cc ng dng
thng ch l tp con ca mi quan h, n v truy xut
khng phi l ton b quan h. V vy a tp con ca
quan h ra khung nhn l tt nht cho ln phn mnh cc
quan h v phn tn n ni s dng khung nhn s l iu
thch hp nht.
17

Th hai l nu cc ng dng c cc khung nhn
c nh ngha trn mt quan h cho trc, quan h
li nm ti cc v tr khc th c hai cch la chn: Hoc
n v phn tn l ton b quan h khng c nhn bn
v c lu mt v tr; hoc quan h c nhn bn cho
tt c cc v tr hoc mt s v tr c chy ng dng. Chn
la u gy ra mt s lng ln cc truy xut khng cn
thit n d liu xa. Cn ngc li chn la sau thc
hin nhn bn khng cn thit, gy ra nhiu vn truy
nhp v c th lm lng ph nhiu khng gian lu tr.
Cui cng, vic phn r mt quan h thnh nhiu
mnh, mi mnh c x l nh mt n v, s cho php
thc hin nhiu ln giao dch ng thi v cho php thc
hin song song mt cu vn tin bng cch chia n thnh
mt tp cc cu vn con hot tc trn cc mnh. V th
vic phn mnh s lm tng mc hot ng ng thi
v nh th lm tng lu lng hot ng ca h thng.
Kiu hot ng ng thi ny chng ta gi l ng thi
ni vn tin (intraquery nocurrency)



18

2.2.2 Lm th no thc hin phn mnh
Th hin ca cc quan h chnh l cc bng, v th
vn l tm nhng cch khc nhau chia mt bng
thnh nhiu bng con khc nhau.
2.2.3 Phn mnh c s d liu phn tn thc hin
n mc no?
Phn mnh d liu thc hin n mc no l mt
quyt nh rt quan trng, c nh hng ti hiu nng vn
tin. Mc phn mnh c th l thi cc khng phn
mnh thnh tng b phn (trng hp phn mnh ngang)
hoc thnh tng thuc tnh ( trng hp phn mnh dc).
2.2.4 Phng php phn mnh c s d liu phn
tn
2.2.4.1 Phn mnh ngang v phn mnh ngang dn
xut
a) Phn mnh ngang nguyn thy
b) Phn mnh dc
2.3 Bi ton qui hoch ton hc
2.3.1 Bi ton ti u tng qut
Bi ton ti u tng qut c dng:
19

f(x) max (min) (2.3.1)
Vi cc iu kin:
g
i
(x) =(s, <, >, >) b
i
, i =1, 2,.... , m (2.3.2)
x e X c R
n
(2.3.3)
Bi ton (2.3.1) ...(2.3.3) c gi l bi ton quy hoch
ton hc, f(x) c gi l hm mc tiu, cc hm g
i
(x)
c gi l cc rng buc, mi mt quan h (2.3.2) c
gi l mt rng buc.
Tp D = { x e X | g
i
(x) =(s, <, >, >) b
i
, i =1, 2,.... , m }
(2.3.4)
c gi l min rng buc (hay tp cc phng n chp
nhn c). Mi im x = (x
1
, ...x
n
) e D c gi l mt
phng n (hay mt li gii chp nhn c). Mt
phng n x* e D t cc i (hay cc tiu) nu:
f(x*) > f(x), x e D (hay f(x*) s f(x), x e
D tng ng.
Khi x* c gi l phng n ti u. Gi tr f(x*) c
gi l gi tr ti u ca bi ton.
2.3.2 Phn loi bi ton quy hoch ton hc
2.3.3 Bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh
2.3.3.1 Bi ton tng qut
20

2.3.4 Thut ton Gomory gii bi ton quy hoch
nguyn tuyn tnh
2.4 Bi ton cp pht
2.4.1 Bi ton cp pht
Gi s rng c mt tp cc mnh F= {F
1
,F
2
,,F
n
}
v mt mng bao gm cc v tr S= {S
1
,S
2
,,S
m
} trn
c cc tp ng dng Q = {q
1
,q
2
,,q
n
} ang chy. Bi ton
cp pht l tm ra u mi ti u ca F cho S. Mt trong
cc im quan trng cn c c tho lun l nh
ngha tnh ti u.
1. Chi ph nh nht: Hm chi ph gm c chi ph lu
mnh F
i
ti v tr S
j ,
Chi ph cp nht F
i
ti tt c
mi v tr c cha n v chi ph truyn d liu.
2. Hiu nng: Tc l h thp thi gian p ng v
tng ti a lu lng h thng ti mi v tr.
2.4.2 Yu cu v thng tin
Thng tin v CSDL
Thng tin v mng
2.5 M hnh cp pht
M hnh cp pht c mc tiu l gim thiu tng
chi ph x l v lu tr trong khi vn c gng p ng
c cc i hi v thi gian p ng
21

2.6 Kt lun
Trong phn ny lun vn cp n vic thit k c s
d liu phn tn v cc kh khn khi trin khai mt h c
s d liu phn tn nh: Tnh phc tp, chi ph, quyn
iu khin cng nh v an ton d liu. Trng tm ca
chng l vic phn mnh v ti cu trc c s d liu
ng thi kim tra tnh ng n ca c s d liu. Vic
cp nht v cp pht cc mnh thu c mt li gii ti u
khng hn l mt phng php ti u trong tnh ton.
Cc nghin cu ch c ra rng vic t vn n gin
ha thit k CSDL phn tn l khng thch hp v vy
cc nh nghin cu ch tm c ra cc gii thut heuristic
tt c mt li gii gn ti u nht.
CHNG III. XY DNG CHNG
TRNH TH NGHIM
3.1 Bi ton cp pht v vn cp nht d liu
3.1.1 Cp nht cc quan h trung gian
3.1.2 Cp nht cc mnh
Tc nhn chnh nh hng n hiu qa hot ng ca
mt chin lc thc hin l kch thc cc mnh c to
ra. Khi cp pht cc mnh n cc v tr khc, kch thc
cc quan h trung gian v mnh phi c tnh ton. V
22

cc mnh thng xuyn c cp nht nn chng ta lun
lun phi c lng li kch thc ca cc kt qu trung
gian ca cc php ton i s v cc mnh. Vic c
lng ny da trn thng tin thng k v cc quan h c
s v cc cng thc d on lc lng ca cc kt qa.
D nhin l c nhng c mt gia tnh chnh xc ca
cc s liu thng k v chi ph qun l chng, s liu cng
chnh xc, chi ph cng cao.
Kch thc ca mt mnh F(A) | A = {A
1
, A
2
, , A
n
} ph
thuc vo cc yu t sau:
i. i vi mi thuc tnh A
l
, chiu di theo s bytes c
k hiu l lengh(A
l
) | l =1,,n v i vi mi thuc tnh
A
l
ca mnh F
i
s lng cc gi tr phn bit ca A
l
l lc
lng khi chiu mnh F
i
ln A
l
c k hiu l
card(t
Al
(F
j
)).
ii. Vi thuc tnh A
l
, trn mt tp gi tr sp th t, gi tr
ln nht c k hiu l max(A
l
), nh nht l min(A
l
).
iii. Min ca thuc tnh A
l
l dom(A
l
), lc lng ca min
l card(dom(A
l
). Gi tr ny cho bit s lng cc gi tr
duy nht trong dom[A
l
]
iv. S lng b ca mi mnh F
i
c k hiu l card(F
i
).
Nh vy kch thc ca mnh F
i
(tnh bng byte) l:
23

=
=
n
k
k i i
A length F Card F
1
) ( * ) ( | |
Thc ra cc mnh c th c sinh ra t cc quan h trung
gian v vy chng ta c th phi c lng kch thc ca
chng.
3.1.3 Cp nht kh nng ti cc nt mng
Kh nng lu tr, cp nht v x l ti cc v tr l
mt trong nhng hn ch trong x l vn tin ni chung v
bi ton cp pht ni ring
3.1.4 Cp nht truyn thng gia cc nt mng
Chi ph truyn thng t v tr i n v tr j c k
hiu l c
ij
l mt i lng thay i theo thi gian. Tuy
nhin trong hu ht cc bi ton cp pht chng ta u gi
thit l hng s, nhng ch gi thit trong mt khong thi
gian no .
Thng lng ng truyn cng l mt hn ch v
truyn thng. Thng thng chng ta ch nhn c cn
trn ca kh nng ny, cn cn di l mt i lng thay
i. l do mt truy cp ph thuc vo thi im
tham gia ca cc users tham gia truy cp mng.


24

3.2 Cc bi ton cp pht
3.3 Kt lun
Trong chng III chng ta cp n bi ton cp pht,
chng ta cn xc nh cc thng tin nh lng v c s
d liu v cc ng dng chy trn , v cu trc mng
hin c, v kh nng x l v gii hn lu tr ti mi v tr
trn mng do hin nay chng ta cha c mt m hnh
heuristic tng qut no nhn mt tp cc mnh v sinh ra
mt chin lc cp pht gn ti u, ng vi cc rng buc
cho trc m mi ch a ra mt s gi thit n gin ha
v d p dng cho mt s cch ci t n gin.
KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN
KT LUN
Hin nay cng vi vic pht trin vt bc v cng
ngh thng tin, cc b chip x l lin tc pht trin p
ng c vic tnh ton ngy cng cao, do gii hn v mt
vt l cc nh sn xut khng th tch hp mi cc vi
mch vo mt con chp trn cng mt din tch c,
chnh v vy cc nh sn xut cho ra i cc chp a x
l. tn dng u im cc nh lp trnh s hng
chia cc bi ton ln thnh cc bi ton nh hn, n gin
i c th chy song song trn mt hay nhiu b vi x
25

l. Vic cp pht v cp nht cc mnh trong h thng
phn tn, chia s d liu v thu thp d liu trong mi
trng phn tn nh Internet/Intranet i hi phi tip tc
nghin cu su thm cc phng phn hin hnh nhm
p ng tnh xc thc, hiu qu ca cc h thng thng tin
ng k trn mng nh: Vic ng k cc tua du lch, mua
bn trong cc giao dch thng mi in t, ng k gi
ch trong giao thng vn ti, ng k d thi trong cc h
thng thng tin o to, ng k sim th, cc dch v gia
tng ca cc nh khai thc di ng...
Lun vn nu c khi nim tng qut nht v c
s d liu phn tn, qua chng ta nhn thy s khc
bit gia c s d liu phn tn v c s d liu tp trung,
ng thi ch ra cc li ch ca vic pht trin c s d
liu ti mi cng ty c bit vi cc cng ty ln c nhiu
vn phng, x nghip khc nhau v mt a l nhm p
ng vic kim sot d liu a phng theo hng hon
thin s tch hp v qun tr c s d liu t xa cng nh
tng cng cc ng dng m khng cn tr ngi s dng
hin ti, p ng c hu ht vic s dng c s d liu
ti cc nt. Ti Chng II chng ta cp n vic thit
k c s d liu phn tn v cc kh khn khi trin khai
mt h c s d liu phn tn nh: Tnh phc tp, chi ph,
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quyn iu khin cng nh v v an ton d liu.
Trng tm ca chng l vic phn mnh v ti cu trc
c s d liu ng thi kim tra tnh ng n ca c s
d diu.
HNG PHT TRIN CA LUN VN
Do thi gian thc hin lun vn ngn ln kh nng
hon thnh lun vn cn rt nhiu hn ch, hon thin
hn v mt thc nghim ng dng trin khai cn phi
quan tm nhiu hn na n vn cp pht v cp nht
cc mnh cho h c s d liu phn tn c ti u hn.
Quan tm hon thin vn bo mt v ton vn d liu
khi phn mnh v cp nht c s d liu.
ti i vo thc t cn phi nghin cu k hn trong
vic qun l kho s di ng nh: cp pht gii s mi, thu
hi cc s do khch hng b (khng tip tc s dng), cc
on gii s m khch hng cha s dng cp nht vo
kho s, gip cho vic qun l ti nguyn kho s online
c tt hn trong mng vinaphone ni ring v cc mng
di ng ang khai thc ni chung.