Đ Án V-5

L Tt Thng K&TH 3 K55 MSSV: 20102213
MC LC
LI M U
YU CU THIT K BUCK CONVETER
I. Nguyn l mch Buck converter ...................................................................................... 3
II. Tnh ton cc thng s c bn v M hnh ha .............................................................. 4
II.1. Tnh ton thng s c bn ........................................................................................ 4
II.1.1. Tnh ton cun cm L ........................................................................................ 4
II.1.2. Tnh ton t C u ra.......................................................................................... 6
II.1.3. Thit k cun cm dng Kg method .................................................................. 7
II.2. M hnh ha .............................................................................................................. 9
II.2.1. M tnh tn hiu ln............................................................................................ 9
II.2.2. M hnh tn hiu nh .......................................................................................... 9
II.2.3. Hm truyn mch o ........................................................................................ 11
II.2.4. Hm truyn PWM ............................................................................................ 12
II.2.5. Hm truyn i tng ...................................................................................... 12
II.2.6. Kho st i tng ........................................................................................... 12
III. Thit k b iu khin ................................................................................................. 13
III.1. Tiu ch thit k ..................................................................................................... 13
III.2. Thit k b b loi 2.............................................................................................. 13
IV. Kt qu m phng PSIM ............................................................................................. 17
TI LIU THAM KHO


1

LI M U

Ngy nay, qu trnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha gip con ngi tit kim thi
gian v sc lao ng. ng thi to iu kin tt nc ta thc y qu trnh hi nhp
nn kinh t th gii, bt kp s pht trin v khoa hc k thut cc nc pht trin
ng dng vo sn xut.
Vic a kin thc vo thc tin khng cn l qu xa l i vi sinh vin ang
theo hc ti cc trng i hc c bit l cc trng k thut,
L sinh vin ngnh t ng ha, em cm tht rt t ho khi c hc tp v nghin
cu cc mn hc trong ngnh t ng ha. Trong phm vi chng trnh, hc k ny
chng em lm n mn hc vi ti: Thit k mch buck converter DC-DC.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Nguyn Duy nh (b mn T ng
ha x nghip cng nghip) quan tm hng dn v to iu kin chng em hon
thnh mn hc.


2

N 1
YU CU THIT K BUCK CONVETER

Thng s: in p u vo : 48 Vdc
in p u ra: 12 Vdc
Ira =0 10 A, fsw = 50 kHz.
Da vo vic phn tch thit k, chng em xy dng cc bc thc hin vi ni
dung sau:
1. Gii thiu nguyn l, s cu trc Buck conveter.
2. Tnh ton v m hnh ha
- Tnh ton cc thng s ca cc phn t c giao, tnh ton ,chn in cm
bng phng php Kg thit k
- M hnh ha v tng hp b iu khin(voltage mode control), dng
phng php m hnh trung bnh tn hiu nh m hnh ha.
- Kho st i tng
3. Tng hp b iu khin bng phng php d tr n nh da trn th
Bode.
4. .M phng h thng dng PSim.


3

I. Nguyn l mch Buck converter

Hnh 1.1. (a) Cu trc mch buck c bn , (b) kha v tr 1, (c) kha v tr 2, (d)
th in p trn cun cm theo thi gian, (e) th dng in qua cun cm theo thi
gian.
- Trong khong thi gian 0< t <DT, Van S trng thi ON cn D1 trng thi
Off. S mch trong giai on ny c biu din nh hnh a. Khi S trng
thi ON in p ngc trn 2 u D1 bng -Vin do D1 b kha. in p
gia hai u cng tc S v dng qua Diode bng 0.
- Trong khong thi gian DT< t <T, van S trng thi Off, D1 trng thi ON
nh hnh b. Do ti thi im van S kha, dng qua cun cm c gi tr khc 0
v c biu din di 1 hm lin tc trn min thi gian do chng ta c
th xem cun cm hot ng nh 1 ngun dng v chnh n lm cho D1
dn. Khi dng in qua van S v in p trn u D1 coi nh bng 0.
- Qu trnh lp li nh trn i vi nhng chu k tip theo.

4

II. Tnh ton cc thng s c bn v M hnh ha
Cu trc vng iu khin in p ca mch c dng chung nh sau:

Hnh 2.1. S cu trc vi mch vng phn hi in p.
II.1. Tnh ton thng s c bn
II.1.1. Tnh ton cun cm L
Khi switch trng thi ng th in p cun cm bng:
(t) v = V - v(t)
g L
(2.1)
hay gn ng s l: (t) v = V - V
g L

Trong
tnh theo cng thc:

L
L
di (t)
v = L
dt
(2.2)
T ta c:
g
L L
V -V
di (t) v (t)
=
dt L L
~ (2.3)

Hnh 2.2. th in p trn cun cm.
Khi van trng thi m th in p cun cm bng:

5

L
v (t) = -v(t) (2.4)
Vi () th:
L
v (t) = -V (2.5)
suy ra:
L
di (t) V
= -
dt L
(2.6)

Hnh 2.3. th dng in qua cun cm.
Dng in cun cm c miu t nh hnh 2.3, ta c th thy dng
trong
l gn ca dng in.
Nn gn peak-to-peak s l
v bng:

g
L s
V -V
2i = ( )(DT )
L
(2.7)
Suy ra:
g
s
L
V -V
L = ( ) DT
2i
(2.8)
Vi gi tr
thng c chn khong t 10% - 20%
.
Ta chn
.
Thay cc thng s t bi ta tnh c gi tr ca cun cm :
g
s
L
V -V
L = ( ) DT
2i
=
48-12

2x1x4x5
=
0000
90H


6

II.1.2. Tnh ton t C u ra

Hnh 2.4. in p v dng in ra ca t.
Lng in tch trong t c tnh theo cng thc
(2.9)
Hnh 2.4 m t hnh dng dng in v in p trn t, t ta c:
() (2.10)
hay
s
L
T 1
q = Vi
2 2
(2.11)
th 2 phng trnh vi nhau ta c:

L s
i T
8C
A
(2.12)
Suy ra:
L s
i T
8C
A
(2.13)
Chn C = 2200Uf.


7

Tnh ton in tr
:
Sau khi tnh ton c t C,da vo datasheet ta c th xc nh c

Hnh 2.5. th th hin mi lin h in tr v tn s
T th trn datasheet c th xc nh c t s gia
khong 0.77
vi
l in tr o ti nhit
tn s 100Hz.
Tra bng datasheet ta c
.
II.1.3. Thit k cun cm dng Kg method [1]
Vi L= 9.
H nh tnh ton trn :

Tnh ton n h s Kg :
2 2
8 5
max
g 2
max u
.L I
K .10 (cm )
B R.K
> (2.14)
Gi s: R=1.
Vi cc thng s:
=1.724.
(dy ng)

8

max
I =10 A.

max
B =0.25 T.

u
K =0.6
K
g
3.76.10^-3

Hnh 2.6. Bng chn li thp.
Chn li EE19 da vo bng 2.6.
K
g
= 4,07.10
-3

Da vo hng s K
g
, ta chn c li thp EE19 c cc thng s nh sau:
Din tch mt ct tr gia:
c
A = 0.4
.
Din tch ca s:
A
W = 0.65
.
di trung bnh 1 vng dy: MLT = 3.5cm.
Khe h khng kh:
2 2
4
0 max
g 2
max c
.L I
l = .10 = 0,8cm
B A

S vng dy:
4
max
max c
LI
n = .10
B A
.
c lng Aw:
3 2
w
K W
A = = 1,1. 10 (cm )
u A
n
(2.15)

9

in tr cun cm :
W
.
R= . = 0,9
n MLT
A
O (2.16)
II.2. M hnh ha
II.2.1. M tnh tn hiu ln
Gi s trng thi lm vic n nh, cc thng s ca mch nh V
g
, V, I, t s
Duty D thay i khng ng k, n l t s vng dy gia cun s cp v cun th cp ca
bin p xung. Theo nh lut Kirrkoff, ta lp c cc phng trnh mch sau:
- Trong khong thi gian 0< t <DT:
L g
c L
V = V -V
I = I -I
(2.17)
- Trong thi gian DT< t <T
L
c L
V = -V
I = I -I
(2.18)
Dng qua cun cm ni vng qua D1, D2.
- Trong c chu k ng m van, ta c
L
c L
V = DV
I = I -I
g
V
(2.19)
Gi thit V
g
= const, V = const, dng qua cun cm thay i tuyn tnh.
II.2.2. M hnh tn hiu nh
p dng phng php phn tch tng t, trong c xt n cc gi tr in tr
ca t in
- Trong thi gian 0<t<DT:
L g
c L
c ESR c
v (t) = v (t) - v(t)
i (t) = i (t) - i(t)
v (t) = v(t) - R .i (t)
(2.20)

- Trong thi gian DT< t <T

10

L
c L
c ESR c
v (t) = -v(t)
i (t) = i (t) - i(t)
v (t) = v(t) - R .i (t)
(2.21)

- Trong c chu k ng m van, ta c
L
g
c L
c ESR c
di (t)
L = d(t).v (t)- v(t)
dt
i (t) = i (t) - i(t)
1
i (t)dt = v(t) - R .i (t)
c
}
(2.22)
Gi s cc i lng c bin thin rt nh quanh gi tr n nh. I
L,
D, V
g,,
V, I
C
l cc gi tr thuc thnh phn mt chiu, cn
(),
(t),
(), (t),
() l cc thnh
phn bin thin ca cc gi tr tng ng.

L L L
i (t) = I +i (t) ; (2.23)

d(t) = D + d(t) ; (2.24)

(t) = V +v (t)
g g g
v ; ()
c
v(t) = V + v (t) ; (2.26)

c c c
i (t) = I +i (t) ; (2.27)

Thay vo h phng trnh mch, ta c:
L
c c L L
c c c ESR c c
di (t)
L = (D + d(t)).(V +v (t))- (V + v(t))

dt
V +v (t)

I +i (t) = I +i (t) -
1

(I +i (t))dt = (V + v (t)) - R .(I +i (t))
c
g g
g g
R
}
(2.28)

11

L
c c L L
c c c ESR c c
di (t)
L = D.v (t) + d(t).V +D.V - (V + v(t))

dt
V +v (t)

I +i (t) = I +i (t) -
1

(I +i (t))dt = (V + v (t)) - R .(I +i (t))
c
g g g
g g
R
}
(2.29)
V {

, v coi
()
() , ta c

L
g g
g
c L
c c ESR c
di (t)
L = D.v (t) + d(t).V - v(t)

dt
v (t)

i (t) = i (t) -
R
1

(i (t))dt = v (t) - R .i (t)
c
}
(2.30)
Laplace ha:
L g g
g
c L
c
c ESR c

Li (s) = D.v (s) + d(s).V - v(s)
v (s)

i (s) = i (s) -
R
i (s)
= v (s) - R .i (s)
cs
(2.31)
Th phng trnh 2 v 3 vo phng trnh 1, coi
() = 0, ta c hm truyn ()
ph thuc vo
():
g ESR
vd 2
ESR ESR
V (R.R .C.S+R)
v(s)
G (S) = =
(R .C.L+L.C.R).S +(R.R .C+L)S+R

d(s)
(2.32)
II.2.3. Hm truyn mch o
Mch o l mch phn p c hm truyn nh sau:
G
o
=
2
3 2
1, 98e 008.s 0, 0039s 12
5.346 012 1.079 006 0.001968 4.8 e s e s s
+ +
+ + +
(2.33)

12

II.2.4. Hm truyn PWM
Hm truyn PWM c th a v dng tng ng nh sau:

w
WM
w
1
4 1
G (s) =
1
4
s
P
M
s
s
f
s
V
f
+
(2.34)
V
ref
= 2.5 VDC.

M
V = 4 V.
II.2.5. Hm truyn i tng
Hm truyn i tng c suy ra nh sau:
G
t
= G
vod
. G
o
. G
pwm
=
g ESR
2
ESR ESR
V (R.R .C.s+R)
(R .C.L+L.C.R).s +(R.R .C+L)s+R
.
w
w
1
4 1
.
1
4
s
M
s
s
f
s
V
f
+
.
2
2 1
Rf
Rf Rf +
(2.35)
=
2
3 2
1, 98e 008.s 0, 0039s 12
5.346 012 1.079 006 0.001968 4.8 e s e s s
+ +
+ + +

II.2.6. Kho st i tng
S ng MAtlab v th bode ca i tng ta c nh hnh 2.7:
Hnh 2.7. th bode ca i tng.

13

Nhn xt:
- Ti tn s ct 2,4kHz i tng iu khin c d tr pha: 77
0
khi h
thng c thi gian qu lu
- d tr bin ti tn s 31.8kHz l
22.6 (dB)
- Bn thn h c kh nng n nh.
III. Thit k b iu khin
III.1. Tiu ch thit k
Da vo vic phn tch i tng trn v cc kin thc c hc, tm hiu, em
xy dng tiu ch thit k vi vic thit k b iu khin (Gc(s)) trn min tn s, s
dng th Bode:
- B iu khin Gc c th l b iu khin kiu b loi 2. H kn phi n nh,
kh c cc nhiu tc ng, nh nhiu ti, nhiu in p u vo;
- H kn c cht lng tt khi h h c:
+ d tr bin :
ln.
+ d tr pha:
= 45
0
qu iu chnh nh.

Cu trc vng phn hi in p u ra c dng nh sau:

Hnh 3.1. Cu trc phn hi.
III.2. Thit k b b loi 2 [7]
M hnh

14

Hm truyn:
e c1 c1
c
1 c2 12 c1
v (s) sC .R +1
G (s) =
v(s) Rf .C .s(sC .R +1)
(3.1)
Trong :
c1. c2
12
c1 C2
C C
C =
C +C
(3.2)
V ta a v dng:
z
c c
p
s
( +1)
G (s) = K .
s
s.( +1)
(3.3)

th bin pha ca b iu khin kiu b loi 2:

Chn tn s ct nm trong khong:

15

(3.4)
Chn
()
tha mn tiu ch thit k, b iu khin kiu b loi 2 cn tha mn h
phng trnh sau:
c c dt c
c c dt c M
G (j ) . G (j ) = 1
arg(G (j ))+arg(G (j )) =
(3.5)
Gii h phng trnh trn, ta tm c cc tham s Kc, wz, wp ca mch:

2 2
z d m d
= 0,5.( + - ) (3.7)

2 2
d m d
= 0,5.( + + )
p
(3.8)

2
d c p m
= (1+ ). .cot( - ) (3.9)
Vi:
= 225*/180.
Chn =1, ti fc= 10KHZ th i tng c
= 234*/180
2
2
1 ( )
1 ( )
c
p
c
c
c
p
z
K
G
e
e
e
e
e
+
=
+
(3.10)
Xut pht t hm truyn ca b iu khin, ta tip tc tm c thng s cc linh
kin R, C ca b iu khin theo cng thc:

(chn trc)
3.11)

(3.12)
(3.13)

(3.14)
Thay tham s c th, ta tnh c cc gi tr in tr, t in ca b iu khin.

16

Kt qu kho st th Bode ca vng h trn Matlab nh sau:

Nhn xt:
B iu khin tha mn tiu ch thit k vi:
- Ti tn s f=10KHZ d tr pha 45
0
.
- d tr bin
= 8.31dB.
- H kn n nh.


17

IV. Kt qu m phng PSIM
y ta m phng vi 3 giai on khng ti, ti nh mc v qu ti nh sau:
in p u vo : 48 Vdc
in p u ra: 12 Vdc
fsw = 50 kHz.
P = 120 W.

Hnh 4.1. Mch lc ca mch Buck converter vi m s ch ca ti

18

Hnh 4.2: M phng kt qu in p ra v dng in ra vi cc c tnh ng.

Hnh 4.3. Dng in qua cun cm.

19

Nhn xt:
Kt qu m phng cho thy phn no p ng c yu cu ca bi a ra vi
.
-
(hnh 4.3)
-
= 0.1V (hnh 4.2)

- qu iu chnh nh. (hnh 4.2)
- Thi gian p ng nhanh.


20

KT LUN

Kt thc n 1 nhm thc hin c ng tin b v t c ch tiu ra,
mt s kin thc thu c :
- Thit k c cun khng theo phng php Kg.
- M hnh ha c i tng.
- Tnh ton c b b theo b 2.
- m phng m hnh c bng Psim.
Nhm trau di thm kinh nghim v thit k mch v tip cn vi cc phn
mm m phng Psim v matlab.Cc thnh vin trong nhm thc hin c tinh thn
lm vic nhm ,hon thnh cc cng vic c giao.Mi thnh vin u nm c c
bn v mch iu chnh in p Dc-Dc buck converter.Trong sut qu trnh lm vic
khng th thiu c cc kin hng dn ca thy Nguyn Duy nh.Chng em xin
cm n s gip nhit tnh ca thy trong sut qu trnh lm n. Trong sut qu
trnh thc hin mc d c gng ht sc nhng kin thc rng ln, chng em cn nhiu
thiu st v rt mong c s ng gp, gp t pha thy chng em hon thin hn.


21

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Fundamentals of Power Electronics Erickson.
[2]. Inductors and Transformers For Power Electronics.
[3]. Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook - Lyman
[4]. Application Note- An1162 Amir.M.Rahimi, Parviz Parto, and peyman Asadi.
[5]. C s h thng iu khin qu trnh Hong Minh Sn.
[6]. L thuyt iu khin tuyn tnh PGS Nguyn Don Phc.
[7]. Design Type II compensation In A systematic Way - Liyu Cao

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L Tt Thng K&TH 3 K55 MSSV: 20102213

tnh theo cng thc:

thng c chn khong t 10% - 20%

H nh tnh ton trn :

i (t) = I +i (t) ; (2.23)

d(t) = D + d(t) ; (2.24)

i (t) = I +i (t) ; (2.27)

L = (D + d(t)).(V +v (t))- (V + v(t))

L = D.v (t) + d(t).V +D.V - (V + v(t))

L = D.v (t) + d(t).V - v(t)

(R .C.L+L.C.R).S +(R.R .C+L)S+R

= 0.1V (hnh 4.2)

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