Thuat Ngu CCNA Ver5 PDF

Ti liu thut ng CCNA v5.
0
1
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TRUNG TM O TO VDC TRAINING
Tng 02 & 03, S 59 Trn Ph, Thnh ph Nng
in thoi: +84 511 3840 842.
Email: training@vdc.com.vn Y!M: vdctraining
Forum: forum.vdctraining.vn
Ti liu thut ng CCNA v5.0
1
vdctraining.vn
in thoi: +84 511 3840 842.
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in thoi: +84 511 3840 842.
2
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in thoi: +84 511 3840 842.
MC LC
1. AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting. 6
2. ACL Access Control List. 6
3. AD Administrative Distance. 6
4. ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. 6
5. ARP Address Resolution Protocol . 6
6. AS Autonomous System. 6
7. Auto summarization 7
8. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. 7
9. Bandwidth 7
10. Broadcast 7
11. Broadcast Domain 7
12. BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit. 8
13. CAM Content Address Memory. 8
14. Candidate Default 8
15. CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol . 8
16. CE Customer Edge. 8
17. CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication. 8
18. CIR Committed Information Rate. 8
19. CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing. 9
20. Closed Network . 9
21. Collision Domain 9
22. Convergence 9
23. Crossover Cable. 9
24. CPE Customer Premises Equipment. 9
25. CSMA / CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect . 10
26. CST Common Spanning Tree. 10
27. CSU/DSU Channel Service Unit / Data Service Unit. 10
28. DCE Data Communication Equipment. 10
29. De-encapsulation . 10
30. Distance Vector 10
31. DUAL - Diffusing Update Algorithm 11
32. DNS Domain Name Service. 11
33. DSL Digital Subscriber Line. 11
34. DTE Data Terminal Equipment. 11
35. DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier. 11
36. DR Designated Router. 11
37. DDR Dial-on-demand Routing. 12
38. DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol . 12
39. DTP Dynamic Trunk Protocol. 12
40. Default Route 12
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MC LC
9. Bandwidth 7
10. Broadcast 7
22. Convergence 9
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MC LC
9. Bandwidth 7
10. Broadcast 7
22. Convergence 9
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41. E1 12
42. Encapsulation 12
43. Ethernet 12
44. Exterior Routing Protocol 13
45. EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. 13
46. Flash 13
47. Frame-relay 13
48. Fiber Cable. 13
49. Firewall 13
50. Flow Control 14
51. Full-mesh 14
52. Full-duplex. 14
53. FTP File Transfer Protocol . 14
54. Half-duplex. 14
55. Hash 15
56. HDLC High Level Data Link Control. 15
57. Hold-down timer 15
58. Host Address 15
59. HTML Hypertext Markup Language 15
60. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol. 15
61. ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol. 16
62. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 16
63. IEEE 802.2 . 16
64. IEEE 802.3 . 16
65. IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol . 16
66. IOS Internetwork Operation System . 16
67. IP Internet Protocol . 17
68. IPX Internet Packet Exchange . 17
69. ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network . 17
70. ISL Inter-Switch Link . 17
71. ISO - International Organization for Standardization . 17
72. ISP Internet Service Provider . 17
73. IGP Interior Gateway Protocol . 18
74. LAN Local Area Network . 18
75. LCP Link Control Protocol . 18
76. Link-state 18
77. LLC Logical Link Control . 18
78. LMI Local Management Interface . 18
79. Local Loop 19
80. MAC - Media Access Control . 19
81. MAC Address . 19
82. MAN Metropolitan Area Network . 19
83. Manual Summary 19
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41. E1 12
43. Ethernet 12
46. Flash 13
47. Frame-relay 13
48. Fiber Cable. 13
49. Firewall 13
50. Flow Control 14
51. Full-mesh 14
52. Full-duplex. 14
54. Half-duplex. 14
55. Hash 15
58. Host Address 15
63. IEEE 802.2 . 16
64. IEEE 802.3 . 16
76. Link-state 18
79. Local Loop 19
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41. E1 12
43. Ethernet 12
46. Flash 13
47. Frame-relay 13
48. Fiber Cable. 13
49. Firewall 13
50. Flow Control 14
51. Full-mesh 14
52. Full-duplex. 14
54. Half-duplex. 14
55. Hash 15
58. Host Address 15
63. IEEE 802.2 . 16
64. IEEE 802.3 . 16
76. Link-state 18
79. Local Loop 19
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84. MD5 Message Digest 5. 19
85. MPLS Multiple Protocol Label Switching. 20
86. Modem Modulator and Demodulator . 20
87. MTU Maximum Transfer Unit . 20
88. Multicast 20
89. NAT Network Address Translation . 20
90. NBMA Nonbroadcast Multiple Access . 20
91. NCP Network Control Protocol . 21
92. NIC Network Interface Card. 21
93. NFS Network File System. 21
94. NT1 Network Termination 1 . 21
95. NVRAM - Nonvolatile Ram . 21
96. Open Network . 21
97. OSI Open System Interconnection Reference Model . 21
98. OSPF Open Shortest Path First . 22
99. PAT Port Address Translation . 22
100. PAP Password Authentication Protocol . 22
101. Partial Mesh 22
102. PCM Pulse Code Modulation . 22
103. PDU Protocol Data Unit . 22
104. PPP Point-to-Point Protocol . 23
105. PRI Primary Rate Interface . 23
106. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network . 23
107. P Provider 23
108. PE Provider Edge 23
109. PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit . 23
110. PVST Per-Vlan Spanning Tree . 23
111. Prefix 24
112. Redistribution 24
113. Route-map 24
114. Routing table 24
115. RAM Random Access Memory . 24
116. RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol . 24
117. RFC Request for Comments . 24
118. RIP Routing Information Protocol . 25
119. RJ-45 25
120. ROM Read Only Memory . 25
121. Routed Protocol 25
122. Routing Protocol 25
123. RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol . 26
124. SDM Security Device Manager . 26
125. SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol . 26
126. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol. 26
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88. Multicast 20
107. P Provider 23
111. Prefix 24
113. Route-map 24
119. RJ-45 25
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88. Multicast 20
107. P Provider 23
111. Prefix 24
113. Route-map 24
119. RJ-45 25
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127. Split horizon 26
128. SONET Synchronous Optical Network 26
129. Subnet 26
130. Subnetting 26
131. Summary 27
132. SVC Switched Virtual Circuit . 27
133. SSH Secure Shell. 27
134. Straight-Through Cable. 27
135. T1 27
136. TA Terminal Adapter . 27
137. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol . 27
138. TDM Time Division Multiplexing . 28
139. Telnet Terminal Network. 28
140. TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol . 28
141. Three-Way Handshake. 28
142. Tunnel 28
143. UDP User Datagram Protocol . 29
144. Unicast 29
145. VC Virtual Circuit . 29
146. VLAN Virtual Lan . 29
147. VLSM Variable Length Subnet Masking . 29
148. VPN Virtual Private Network . 29
149. VTP Vlan Trunk Protocol . 30
150. VTY Virtual Terminal . 30
151. WAN Wide Area network . 30
152. WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy. 30
153. Wildcard mask . 30
154. Window Size. 30
155. WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access. 31
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129. Subnet 26
130. Subnetting 26
131. Summary 27
135. T1 27
142. Tunnel 28
144. Unicast 29
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129. Subnet 26
130. Subnetting 26
131. Summary 27
135. T1 27
142. Tunnel 28
144. Unicast 29
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1. AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting.
(Xc thc, quyn truy cp v lu thng tin s dng)
L mt thut ng chuyn dng trong lnh vc bo mt mng my tnh.
Authentication l qu trnh xc thc ngi s dng truy cp vo mng c phi l ngi s
dng c cho php hay khng. Authorization xc nh xem ngi s dng c th thc
hin c nhng tc v g ? V cui cng, Accounting l qu trnh ghi li nhng hot
ng ca ngi s dng cng nh l nhng ti nguyn mng c s dng phc v cho
nhng mc ch sau ny nh phn tch xu hng , phn tch chi ph v tnh tin.
2. ACL Access Control List.
(Danh sch iu khin truy cp)
ACL l mt danh sch cc cu lnh c p t vo cc cng (interface) ca
router. Danh sch ny ch ra cho router bit loi packet no c chp nhn (allow) v
loi packet no b hy b (deny). S chp nhn v hu b ny c th da vo a ch
ngun, a ch ch hoc ch s port.
3. AD Administrative Distance.
L mt khi nim c dng trong nh tuyn mng. AD dng xc nh u
tin gia cc giao thc nh tuyn vi nhau. Giao thc nh tuyn no c AD thp hn s
c u tin hn v cc ng i hc c qua giao thc s c u tin hn.
4. ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.
(ng dy thu bao s bt i xng bng thng chiu xung ln hn
bng thng chiu ln)
ng dy thu bao s bt i xng , ADSL, l mt cng ngh cung cp mt
phng thc truyn d liu bng thng rng trn i cp in thoi ( cp ng ) vi tc
cao hn nhiu so vi giao thc truy cp qua ng dy in thoi truyn thng theo
phng thc truy cp quay s. Khi truyn bng thng trn ng dy in thoi c
chia lm 2 phn, 1 phn nh dng cho cc tn hiu Phone, Fax. Phn ln cn li dng cho
truyn ti tn hiu ADSL.
5. ARP Address Resolution Protocol .
(Giao thc phn gii a ch lp 2)
giao tip trong mng cc host cn bit a ch MAC ca host cn gi thng tin
n. ARP l mt giao thc dng tm mt a ch MAC ca mt host khi bit a ch IP
ca n.
6. AS Autonomous System.
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bng thng chiu ln)
ca n.
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L mt tp hp cc mng c cng chnh sch nh tuyn v thuc quyn qun l
khai thc ca mt ch th. Cc AS c phn bit thng qua cc s hiu mng ASN
( Autonomous System Number ). C hai loi s hiu mng l s hiu mng chung
( public ASN ) v s hiu mng ring ( Private ASN ). ASN c qun l v cp pht
bi T chc cp pht s hiu Internet ( IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ).
7. Auto summarization
(Tm tt nh tuyn)
L mt thut ng ni v tin tnh summary cc route nh tuyn c t ng
thc hin trn router, trong cc mng con ( subnet ) c router t ng tm tt v
mng chnh ( major network ).
8. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode.
Chuyn mch t bo (cell) bt ng b
L h thng chuyn mch gi tin tin hot ng theo kiu bt ng b, c th
truyn ng thi d liu, m thanh v hnh nh s ho trn c mng LAN v mng WAN.
y l mt trong nhng phng php kt ni mng WAN nhanh nht hin nay, tc t
t 155 Mbit/s n 622 Mbit/s.
9. Bandwidth
(Bng thng)
Bandwidth l rng ca mt di tn s in t i din cho tc truyn d liu
ca mt ng truyn. Bandwidth ng ngha vi s lng d liu c truyn trn mt
n v thi gian.
10. Broadcast
(Qung b)
Broadcast l mt khi nim dng ch vic mt host truyn d liu n tt c
cc host khc trong mt phn on mng. cc Host thc hin vic ny bng cch gi
nhng gi tin c a ch ch l a ch Broadcast ( Broadcast address ).
11. Broadcast Domain
(Min qung b)
L mt tp hp cc Host m trong mt host c th gi gi tin Broadcast n tt
c cc Host khc. Broadcast domain thng c phn chia bi cc thit b c kh nng
chn gi tin Broadcast nh Router. Cc thit b nh Hub, Bridge, Switch ch tham gia vo
mng ch khng phn chia mng thnh nhiu Broadcast Domain nh Router.
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(Tm tt nh tuyn)
9. Bandwidth
(Bng thng)
n v thi gian.
10. Broadcast
(Qung b)
(Min qung b)
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(Tm tt nh tuyn)
9. Bandwidth
(Bng thng)
n v thi gian.
10. Broadcast
(Qung b)
(Min qung b)
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12. BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit.
BPDU l mt giao thc c s dng gia cc Switch kim sot trng thi v
trao i thng tin trong vic tnh ton Spanning Tree , mt giao thc dng ngn cn
cc vng lp trong mng.
13. CAM Content Address Memory.
CAM l mt loi b nh c bit dng trong nhng ng dng yu cu tm kim
nhanh. CAM thng c dng trong lnh vc mng my tnh. V d , khi mt switch
nhn c mt frame t mt cng ca n, n cp nht vo a ch MAC ngun ca frame
v cng vo bng MAC, sau n tm trong bng MAC cng ra tng ng vi a ch
ch chuyn frame i. Bng MAC c thc hin trong switch bng cch s dng
CAM qu trnh tm kim a ch ch c thc hin mt cch nhanh chng.
14. Candidate Default
Cc route trong bng nh tuyn c kh nng c chn lm default-route
15. CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol .
CDP l mt giao thc c quyn ca hng Cisco hot ng Data Link Layer v
Network Layer dng trao i thng tin gia cc thit b Cisco nh phin bn ca h
iu hnh, a ch IP. CDP cn c th s dng trong On-demand Routing, l mt phng
php trao i cc thng tin nh tuyn trong cc gi tin CDP, khng cn dng n cc
giao thc nh tuyn khc.
16. CE Customer Edge.
CE l mt Router pha khch hng dng kt ni vo PE ( Provider Edge ) ca
nh cung cp dch v mng IP/MPLS.
17. CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication.
CHAP l mt giao thc c dng bi cc PPP ( Point to Point ) Servers
xc thc mt remote client. CHAP nh k kim tra tnh xc thc ca client thng qua c
ch three-way handshake. Vic xc thc ny c da trn mt mt khu dng chung
( shared secret ) gia client v server. Mt khu ny khng c gi i dng clear-text
nh i vi PAP m ch c gi i dng c m ha
18. CIR Committed Information Rate.
(Tc ti thiu cam kt)
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CIR l mt khi nim s dng trong cc mng vin thng ni chung v Frame-
Relay ni ring th hin tc cam kt ca nh cung cp dch v . m bo cht
lng dch v khch hng phi truyn d liu nh hn hoc bng CIR. Nu truyn tc
ln hn CIR, gi tin vn c truyn i nhng c kh nng b loi b trong iu kin
mng b nghn.
19. CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing.
CIDR l mt phng php gn a ch IP v nh tuyn cc gi tin IP c pht
trin bi IETF ( The Internet Engineering Task Force ) , dng thay th kin trc a
ch ca classfull network c thit k trong mng Internet. Mc tiu ca CIDR l gim
s pht trin ca cc bng nh tuyn v gip hn ch vic tiu hao ti nguyn a ch
IPV4.
20. Closed Network .
Closed Network l nhng h thng mng khng c giao tip vi bn ngoi. Trong
thc t c rt nhiu h thng mng s dng m hnh ny , v d: h thng thanh ton, h
thng tnh cc v..v.
21. Collision Domain
(Vng xung t/ ng )
Collision Domain l mt phn on mng trong gi d liu c kh nng va
chm (collide ) mt gi d liu khc khi c truyn trn mt phng tin truyn dn
chia s ( shared medium ) hoc thng qua cc repeater.
22. Convergence
(Hi t )
Convergence ( Hi t ) l mt khi nim c s dng trong nh tuyn dng
ch trng thi ca mt tp hp cc router c cng thng tin v m hnh mng. Cc router
ny thu thp thng tin v m hnh mng thng qua cc giao thc nh tuyn.
23. Crossover Cable.
(Cp cho)
Cp cho l loi cp dng kt ni 2 my tnh vi nhau thng qua Cc mng
hoc dng kt ni cc thit b cng loi nh Router vi Router, Switch vi Switch.
Cp cho khng th dng kt ni t my tnh n Switch.
24. CPE Customer Premises Equipment.
(Thit b u cui thu bao )
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mng b nghn.
IPV4.
thng tnh cc v..v.
(Vng xung t/ ng )
22. Convergence
(Hi t )
(Cp cho)
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mng b nghn.
IPV4.
thng tnh cc v..v.
(Vng xung t/ ng )
22. Convergence
(Hi t )
(Cp cho)
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CPE l cc thit b u cui nh in thoi , router, switch v..v, cho php khch
hng kt ni vo mng ca nh cung cp dch v .
25. CSMA / CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect .
(a truy nhp nhn bit sng mang, pht hin xung t)
CSMA/CD ngha l
a truy cp nhn bit sng mang pht hin xung t. y l
mt trong nhiu phng php truy cp hay s dng trong mng LAN ci tin t phng
php CSMA. Theo phng php ny, khi mt my tnh mun truyn mt gi tin, trc
tin n s lng nghe xem trn ng truyn c sng mang hay khng (bng cch lng
nghe tn hiu Carrier). Nu khng c, n s thc hin truyn gi tin (theo frame). Sau khi
truyn gi tin, n vn tip tc lng nghe xem c my no nh truyn tin hay khng.
Nu khng c xung t, my tnh s truyn gi tin cho n ht. Nu pht hin xung t,
n s gi broadcast mt gi tin bo hiu cho cc my trn mng khng nn gi tin
trnh lm nhiu ng truyn, v s tin hnh gi li gi tin.
26. CST Common Spanning Tree.
CST l mt cng ngh s dng ch mt Spanning Tree cho ton b mng khng
k n s lng Vlan. Thc hin theo cng ngh ny s gim c s tnh ton cho cc
Switch v ch mt Spanning Tree c tnh cho tt c cc Vlan.
27. CSU/DSU Channel Service Unit / Data Service Unit.
CSU/DSU l mt thit b phn cng c kch thc tng ng vi mt modem
cm ngai, n c kh nng chuyn i cc khung d liu dng trong mng LAN sang
dng d liu tng thch vi ng truyn mng WAN v ngc li.
28. DCE Data Communication Equipment.
(Thit b giao tip d liu )
DCE l mt thit b nm gia DTE v phng tin truyn dn dng thc hin
cc chc nng nh thay i dng tn hiu , m ha, cp xung ng h cho DTE.
29. De-encapsulation .
De-encapsulation l mt qu trnh ngc li ca qu trnh Encapsulation ( Qu
trnh ng gi ). Nhng n v thng tin lp cao hn s c ly ra t n v thng tin
ca lp hin ti . V d khi my tnh nhn c Frame thng qua NIC Card n s ly
thng tin Packet trong Frame v chuyn cho Lp mng x l.
30. Distance Vector
(Vector khong cch)
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CSMA/CD ngha l
30. Distance Vector
(Vector khong cch)
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CSMA/CD ngha l
30. Distance Vector
(Vector khong cch)
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Distance Vector l mt khi nim ni v cch hot ng ca cc giao thc nh
tuyn nh RIP, IGRP. Khi hot ng theo c ch Distance Vector, cc Router s gi nh
k ton b bng nh tuyn ca n cho cc Router lng ging.
31. DUAL - Diffusing Update Algorithm
DUAL l mt gii thut c giao thc nh tuyn EIGRP s dng chn
ng i n mng ch.
32. DNS Domain Name Service.
(Dch v phn gii tn min)
DNS - H thng tn min c pht minh vo nm 1984 cho Internet ch mt h
thng cho php thit lp tng ng gia a ch IP v tn min. H thng tn min (DNS)
l mt h thng t tn theo th t cho my vi tnh, dch v, hoc bt k ngun lc tham
gia vo Internet.
33. DSL Digital Subscriber Line.
(ng y thu bao s)
DSL, hay Digital Subcriber Line (knh thu bao s), l mt h nhng k thut m
n cung cp kt ni k thut s thng qua cp ng ca mng in thoi ni ht. Mt s
cng ngh thuc dng DSL c th k n nh ISDN, HDSL, VDSL, ADSL, v RADSL.
34. DTE Data Terminal Equipment.
(Thit b u cui d liu)
DTE ngha l thi t b u cui x l d liu. T ny m ch n mt thit b cui
(end instrument) s dng bin t liu sang tn hiu truyn thng hoc bin nhng tn
hiu thu c sang t liu. Thit b cui x l s liu (DTE) giao thng vi thit b kt
cui knh s liu (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment - DCE).
35. DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier.
DLCI l mt khi nim c dng trong mng Frame-Relay, dng phn bit
cc mch o thng trc PVC ( Permanent Virtual Circuit ) vi nhau. DLCI ch c
ngha cc b gia Router v Frame-relay Switch. Mi DLCI l i din cho mt mch o
vo DLCI c th ging nhau v khc nhau 2 u.
36. DR Designated Router.
DR l mt Router chy giao thc nh tuyn OSPF v c kh nng cp nht
nhng bn tin LSAs cho cc Router khc trong mi trng a truy nhp ( multi-access
network ). DR c bu chn thng qua giao thc Hello ca OSPF v ch mt DR c
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ng i n mng ch.
gia vo Internet.
(ng y thu bao s)
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ng i n mng ch.
gia vo Internet.
(ng y thu bao s)
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bu chn trn mt mi trng nh vy. Tt c cc Router khc ch cn to quan h lng
ging vi DR Routers m khng cn to quan h lng ging vi nhau.
37. DDR Dial-on-demand Routing.
DDR l mt k thut nh tuyn m kt ni mng n u xa ch c thit lp
khi cn thit. Ni mt cch khc, nu Router mun gi d liu n u xa m kt ni
ang ngt th Router s t ng thit lp kt ni, gi thng tin v ngt kt ni khi Router
khng cn gi thng tin na. DDR ph hp vi nhng cng ty khng thng xuyn
truyn d liu. Trong trng hp ny, kt ni WAN ch c tr tin theo thi gian kt
ni c thit lp.
38. DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol .
DHCP l mt giao thc dng cp a ch IP v cc thng tin khc nh DNS
Servers, Default Gateway, cho nhng host tham gia vo mng m cha c nhng thng
tin trn.
39. DTP Dynamic Trunk Protocol.
DTP l mt giao thc c quyn c pht trin bi hng Cisco dng m
phn kt ni trunking gia 2 Switch v m phn kiu ng gi c s dng gia chng.
DTP hot ng Lp 2 ca m hnh OSI. Kt ni trunk c m phn s dng DTP c
th dng mt trong hai kiu ng gi IEEE 802.1Q v Cisco ISL.
40. Default Route
(Tuyn ng i mc nh)
Default Route l tuyn ng i c dng khi Router khng c thng tin
quyt nh ng i ca gi tin trong bng nh tuyn. Ni mt cch khc, tt c nhng
gi tin m c ch n khng nm trong bng nh tuyn s c gi qua Default Route.
41. E1
E1 l lung PCM c tc 2048kb/s theo chun chu u
42. Encapsulation
(ng gi)
Encapsulation l qu trnh ng gi d liu, thm cc thng tin kim sot v gi gi tin
cho lp mng thp hn trong m hnh OSI
43. Ethernet
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ni c thit lp.
tin trn.
40. Default Route
(Tuyn ng i mc nh)
41. E1
42. Encapsulation
(ng gi)
43. Ethernet
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ni c thit lp.
tin trn.
40. Default Route
(Tuyn ng i mc nh)
41. E1
42. Encapsulation
(ng gi)
43. Ethernet
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Ethernet l mt h ln v a dng gm cc cng ngh mng da khung d liu
(frame-based) dnh cho mng LAN. Ethernet nh ngha mt lot cc chun ni dy v
pht tn hiu cho tng vt l., hai phng ti n truy nhp mng ti phn MAC(iu
khin truy nhp mi trng truyn dn) ca tng lin kt d liu , v mt nh dng
chung cho vic nh a ch.
44. Exterior Routing Protocol
Exterior Routing Protocol l giao thc nh tuyn dng n trao i thng tin
nh tuyn gia cc h thng t tr ( Autonomous Systems ). Mt trong nhng Exterior
Routing Protocol thng gp l BGP.
45. EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.
EIGRP l mt giao thc m rng ca IGRP , l mt pht trin ring ca Cisco
nhm khc phc cc nhc im ca cc giao thc dng Distance Vector nh RIP/IGRP .
EIGRP l mt giao thc nh tuyn lai (Hybrid routing) gia Distance vector v Link
state, s dng gii thut DUAL tnh ton ng i v chng Loop. Khc vi RIP v
IGRP, EIGRP l Classless Routing Protocol.
46. Flash
Flash l thit b nh / lu tr ca Router c kh nng xo v ghi c, khng mt d liu
khi ct ngun. H iu hnh (IOS) ca Router c cha y. Tp tin cu hnh cng c th
c lu tr trong Flash.
47. Frame-relay
Frame-relay l mt cng ngh mng Wan hot ng theo kiu chuyn mch gi.
S dng mng Framerelay c th u ni mt Site n nhiu Site khc thng qua mt
kt ni vt l thay v nhiu kt ni vt l nh Leased Line.
48. Fiber Cable.
(Cp quang)
Cp quang l mt loi cp vin thng lm bng thy tinh hoc nha, s dng nh
sng truyn tn hiu.Trong cp quang s c mt hoc nhiu si quang. Chng c sp
xp trong b c gi l cp quang v c s dng truyn tn hiu trong khong cch
rt xa. Khng ging nh cp ng truyn tn hiu bng in, cp quang t b nhiu, tc
cao (y l tc truyn d liu, phn bit vi tc tn hiu) v truyn xa hn.
49. Firewall
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pht tn hiu cho tng vt l., hai phng tin truy nhp mng ti phn MAC(iu
46. Flash
47. Frame-relay
48. Fiber Cable.
(Cp quang)
49. Firewall
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pht tn hiu cho tng vt l., hai phng ti n truy nhp mng ti phn MAC(iu
46. Flash
47. Frame-relay
48. Fiber Cable.
(Cp quang)
49. Firewall
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Tng la ( Firewall ) l ro chn m mt s c nhn, t chc, doanh nghip, c
quan nh nc lp ra nhm ngn chn ngi dng mng Internet truy cp cc thng tin
khng mong mun hoc/v ngn chn ngi dng t bn ngoi truy nhp cc thng tin
bo mt nm trong mng ni b.
50. Flow Control
Khi nim iu khin lung (Flow Control ) c dng trong vin thng ni
chung ch qu trnh qun l tc truyn d liu gia hai im ngn nga tnh
trng bn truyn truyn qu nhanh lm trn b m ca bn nhn. Giao thc TCP/IP cng
dng cc c ch Flow Control iu khin lu lng d liu truyn trong mng IP.
51. Full-mesh
Full-mesh l m hnh kt nii m trong bt k hai im no cng c kt ni vi
nhau. Full-mesh c u im l tnh d phng rt cao nhng c nhc im l rt tn km
v chi ph.
52. Full-duplex.
(Song cng)
Trong lnh vc truyn thng, t Song cng dng miu t mt knh truyn
thng c th chuyn tn hiu theo c hai hng, ngc li vi cc knh n cng ch c
th chuyn tn hiu theo mt hng. Cc h thng song cng c s dng trong hu nh
tt c cc mng truyn thng, hoc cho php lin lc hai chiu gia hai thit b c
kt ni, hoc cung cp mt "ng d phng" cho vic theo di v i u chnh t xa
cc thit b ngoi tri.
53. FTP File Transfer Protocol .
(Giao thc truyn tp tin)
FTP l mt giao thc ph bin thng c dng trao i tp tin qua mng
li truyn thng dng giao thc TCP/IP. Hot ng ca FTP cn c hai my tnh, mt
my ch v mt my khch). My ch FTP, dng chy phn mm cung cp dch v FTP,
gi l trnh ch, lng nghe yu cu v dch v ca cc my tnh khc trn mng li. My
khch chy phn mm FTP dnh cho ngi s dng dch v, gi l trnh khch, th khi
u mt lin kt vi my ch. Mt khi hai my lin kt vi nhau, my khch c th x
l mt s thao tc v tp tin, nh ti tp tin ln my ch, ti tp tin t my ch xung my
ca mnh, i tn ca tp tin, hoc xa tp tin my ch v.v
54. Half-duplex.
(Bn song cng)
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50. Flow Control
51. Full-mesh
v chi ph.
52. Full-duplex.
(Song cng)
kt ni, hoc cung cp mt "ng d phng" cho vic theo di v iu chnh t xa
cc thit b ngoi tri.
54. Half-duplex.
(Bn song cng)
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50. Flow Control
51. Full-mesh
v chi ph.
52. Full-duplex.
(Song cng)
kt ni, hoc cung cp mt "ng d phng" cho vic theo di v i u chnh t xa
cc thit b ngoi tri.
54. Half-duplex.
(Bn song cng)
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Bn song cng l thut nh m t mt knh truyn thng m ti mi thi im
tn hiu ch c th chy theo mt hng.V d v h thng bn song cng l loi in i
vi 1 nt bm ni. Do tn hiu radio truyn theo hng ny hay hng kia u dng
cng mt tn s nn ti mi thi im ch c th c mt ngi nghe c ngi kia. Nn
ngi dng phi dng t ng c bit nh du cui cu ni cui cng trc khi nh nt
chuyn sang phin ngi kia ni, ngi u kia bit rng
n lt mnh ni.
55. Hash
Hash l mt thut ton thng c dng trong qu trnh Authentication v m
hnh ch k s ( Digital Signatures ). hash, ta ly mt khi d liu ln v tin hnh
tnh ton trn khi d liu . Kt qu thu c sau khi hash l mt gi tr nh hn d
liu nguyn gc. Nu thay i d liu gc , d ch 1 bit th gi tr hash cng s khc i.
56. HDLC High Level Data Link Control.
HDLC l mt giao thc ng gi d liu lp 2 thng c dng trong cc kt
ni Leased Line. HDLC cung cp c hai loi dch v connection-oriented v connection
less.
57. Hold-down timer
Hold-down timer hot ng bng cch mi Router s kch hot timer khi Router
nhn c thng tin mt mng l trng thi khng n c ( unreachable ) . Sau khi
ht thi gian Hold-down timer, Router s loi b tt c nhng thng tin nh tuyn ch ra
rng mng vn c th n c .
58. Host Address
Host Address l phn a ch xc nh ID ca host trong mt a ch IP. Phn a
ch mng, ngc li l phn a ch IP xc nh ID ca mng.
59. HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTML (hay l "Ngn ng nh du Siu vn bn") l mt ngn ng nh du
c thit k ra to nn cc trang web vi cc mu thng tin c trnh by trn
World Wide Web. HTML c nh ngha nh l mt ng dng n gin ca SGML v
c s dng trong cc t chc cn n cc yu cu xut bn phc tp. HTML tr
thnh mt chun Internet do t chc World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) duy tr.
60. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
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n lt mnh ni.
55. Hash
less.
57. Hold-down timer
58. Host Address
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n lt mnh ni.
55. Hash
less.
57. Hold-down timer
58. Host Address
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HTTP hay Giao thc truyn ti siu vn bn l mt trong nm giao thc chun v
mng Internet , c dng lin h thng tin gia My cung cp dch v (Web server)
v My s dng dch v (Web client) l giao thc Client/Server dng cho World Wide
Web-WWW , HTTP l mt giao thc ng dng ca b giao thc TCP/IP (cc giao thc
nn tng cho Internet).
61. ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol.
(Giao thc iu khin truyn tin trn mng)
ICMP hay Giao thc iu khin truyn tin trn mng l mt giao thc dng gi
thng bo v lm nhng cng vic sau: iu khin , thng bo li v chc nng thng tin
cho TCP/IP. ICMP l mt trong nhng giao thc chnh ca b chun giao thc Internet
Protocol. ICMP cho IPv4 c tn gi l ICMPv4, ICMP cho IPv6 c tn gi ICMPv6
62. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
(Vin k ngh in v in T)
IEEE hay Vin k ngh in v in T l mt t chc phi li nhun, chuyn
nghip nhm nng cao s thnh vng qua s pht huy cc i mi cng ngh to c hi
ngh nghip cho cc thnh vin v c v cng ng th gii m rng. IEEE xng
qu trnh k ngh ca sng to, pht trin, tch hp, chia s v ng dng hiu bit v cng
ngh in t v tin hc, cng nh l cc khoa hc nhm em li li ch cho con ngi v
ngh nghip.
63. IEEE 802.2 .
IEEE 802.2 l mt phn ca chun IEEE 802 dng nh ngha lp LLC
( Logical Link Control ) l mt lp nm pha trn ca Lp lin kt trong m hnh OSI .
64. IEEE 802.3 .
IEEE 802.3 l mt phn ca chun IEEE 802 dng nh ngha lp vt l v
Lp MAC ca Lp lin kt ca mng Ethernet ni dy.
65. IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol .
IGRP l mt giao thc nh tuyn theo kiu Distance Vector c pht minh bi
hng Cisco. N c dng trao i thng tin nh tuyn trong cng mt h thng t
tr ( Autonomous Systems ) .
66. IOS Internetwork Operation System .
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ngh nghip.
63. IEEE 802.2 .
64. IEEE 802.3 .
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ngh nghip.
63. IEEE 802.2 .
64. IEEE 802.3 .
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IOS hay cn gi l Cisco IOS l phn mm c dng trn cc thit b mng ca
Cisco iu khin cc hot ng ca chng nh : nh tuyn, chuyn mch v cc chc
nng vin thng khc.
67. IP Internet Protocol .
( Giao thc lin mng)
IP hay Giao thc Lin mng l mt giao thc hng d liu c s dng bi cc
my ch ngun v ch truyn d liu trong mt lin mng chuyn mch gi. Giao
thc IP rt thng dng trong mng Internet cng cng ngy nay. Giao thc tng mng
thng dng nht ngy nay l IPv4 ; y l giao thc IP phin bn 4.
68. IPX Internet Packet Exchange .
IPX l giao thc nm lp mng trong m hnh OSI v l mt giao thc trong b giao
thc IPX/SPX h tr bi h iu hnh mng Netware ca hng Novell
69. ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network .
(Mng s tch hp a dch v )
ISDN hay Mng s tch hp a dch v l cng ngh bng hp c s dng rng
ri, cho php truyn d liu s ha t mt h thng cui my ch gia nh qua ng
in thoi ISDN ti mt cng ty in thoi. Ban u, ISDN ra i vo nm 1976 c
thit k cho vic truyn d liu s gia hai u ca mt h thng in thoi, n cn l
mt cng ngh mng quan trng cho php truy nhp tc cao (v d 128 Kbps) t nh
ti mt mng d liu (v d Internet).
70. ISL Inter-Switch Link .
ISL l mt giao thc c quyn ca hng Cisco dng gi thng tin Vlan trong
cc frame khi n di chuyn gia cc Switch hoc t Switch n Router.
71. ISO - International Organization for Standardization .
(T chc tiu chun ha quc t)
ISO hay T chc tiu chun ho quc t l c quan thit lp tiu chun quc t
bao gm cc i din t cc t chc tiu chun cc quc gia. c thnh lp vo ngy 23
thng 2 nm 1947 t chc ny a ra cc tiu chun thng mi v cng nghip trn
phm vi ton th gii.
72. ISP Internet Service Provider .
(Nh cung cp dch v Internet)
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nng vin thng khc.
( Giao thc lin mng)
phm vi ton th gii.
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nng vin thng khc.
( Giao thc lin mng)
phm vi ton th gii.
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ISP hay Nh cung cp dch v Internet l ni chuyn cung cp cc gii php kt
ni Internet cho cc n v t chc hay cc c nhn ngi dng. Mt s ISP Vit Nam
l FPT, Viettel, VDC, Netnam,... Cc ISP phi thu ng v cng ca mt IAP. Cc ISP
c quyn kinh doanh thng qua cc hp ng cung cp dch v Internet cho cc t chc
v cc c nhn.
73. IGP Interior Gateway Protocol .
IGP l nhng giao thc nh tuyn dng trao i thng tin nh tuyn trong
cng mt h thng t tr ( Autonomous System ). Mt s IGP thng gp nh : RIP,
IGRP, OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS.
74. LAN Local Area Network .
(Mng my tnh cc b)
LAN hay mng my tnh cc b l mt h thng mng dng kt ni cc my
tnh trong mt phm vi nh (nh , phng lm vic, trng hc, ). Cc my tnh trong
mng LAN c th chia s ti nguyn vi nhau, m in hnh l chia s tp tin, my in,
my qut v mt s thit b khc.
75. LCP Link Control Protocol .
LCP l giao thc hot ng trong vic thit lp cc kt ni PPP ( Point-to-Point).
Khi thit lp kt ni, thit b hai u s gi nhng gi tin LCPs kim tra tnh xc thc
ca thit b bn kia, quyt nh kch c gi tin chp nhn c khi truyn, kim tra li v
ngoi ra LCP c th ngt kt ni khi vt qu nhng thng s cho php.
76. Link-state
L mt thut ng ni ln cch hot ng ca cc giao thc nh tuyn phn bit
vi Distance Vector. Nhng giao thc nh tuyn loi Link-state hot ng bng cch cc
Router to quan h lng ging vi nhau v chng trao i thng tin cng xy dng mt
topology database ca mng s dng gii thut SPF ( Shortest Path First ).
77. LLC Logical Link Control .
Trong m hnh by lp OSI, LLC l lp trn ca Lp Lin Kt. LLC cung cp c
ch c th nhiu giao thc Lp Mng c th cng hot ng trn mt mi trng
truyn dn. LLC cn c chc nng kim sot lung ( flow control ) v cung cp nhng c
ch qun l li.
78. LMI Local Management Interface .
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v cc c nhn.
(Mng my tnh cc b)
76. Link-state
ch qun l li.
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v cc c nhn.
(Mng my tnh cc b)
76. Link-state
ch qun l li.
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LMI l mt chun bo hiu dng gia Router v cc Frame-Relay Switch . LMI
c dng trao i cc gi tin Keepalive, trng thi cc mch o , dng cho IP
Multicast v nh a ch.
79. Local Loop
Local Loop l mt mch in t thit lp trn i dy xon ni gia thu bao in
thoi v tng i ni ht.
80. MAC - Media Access Control .
(iu khin truy nhp mi trng)
MAC hay iu khin truy nhp mi trng l tng con giao thc truyn d liu -
mt phn ca tng lin kt d liu trong m hnh 7 tng OSI. N cung cp cc c ch
nh a ch v iu khin truy nhp knh (channel access), cc c ch ny cho php cc
trm cui (terminal) hoc cc nt mng lin lc vi nhau trong mt mng, in hnh l
mng LAN hoc MAN.
81. MAC Address .
MAC Address hay a ch MAC l a ch duy nht c gn cho nhng Netword
Card truy nhp vo mng . a ch MAC gm c 6 bytes hay 48 bits.
82. MAN Metropolitan Area Network .
(Mng th )
Mng th MAN l mng d liu bng rng c thit k cho phm vi trong
thnh ph, th x. Khong cch thng nh hn 50 km. Xt v quy m a l, MAN ln
hn mng LAN nhng nh hn mng WAN, n ng vai tr kt ni 2 mng LAN v
WAN vi nhau hoc kt ni gia cc mng LAN.
83. Manual Summary
Manual Summary l mt khi nim dng trong nh tuyn ni v vic Summary
cc route nh tuyn c thc hin bng tay ch khng theo c ch t ng nh Auto
Summary .
84. MD5 Message Digest 5.
Mt phng php m ha mt chiu thng c s dng trong cc k thut bo
mt.
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79. Local Loop
thoi v tng i ni ht.
mng LAN hoc MAN.
81. MAC Address .
(Mng th )
83. Manual Summary
Summary .
mt.
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79. Local Loop
thoi v tng i ni ht.
mng LAN hoc MAN.
81. MAC Address .
(Mng th )
83. Manual Summary
Summary .
mt.
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85. MPLS Multiple Protocol Label Switching.
(Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc)
Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc MPLS l mt cng ngh a ra phng thc ci
tin cho vic chuyn tip gi tin qua mng. MPLS l s kt hp gia k thut nh tuyn
lp 3 v chuyn mch lp 2 cho php nng cao tc chyn tip lu lng trn mng li
v nh tuyn tt mng bin bng cch s dng cc nhn gn thm vo cc gi tin.
tng chnh ca MPLS l s dng nhn gn km vi cc gi tin quyt nh vic
chuyn tip gi tin n nt tip theo trong mng.
86. Modem Modulator and Demodulator .
(B iu ch v gii iu ch)
Modem (vit tt t modulator and demodulator) l mt thit b iu ch sng tn
hiu tng t nhau m ha d liu s, v gii iu ch tn hiu mang gii m tn
hiu s
87. MTU Maximum Transfer Unit .
MTU l mt khi nim dng trong lnh vc mng my tnh ni n kch thc
gi d liu bng bytes ln nht m mt giao thc mt lp c th truyn m vn m
bo gi tin vn c x l tt.
88. Multicast
Multicast l mt khi nim dng trong lnh vc mng my tnh m t hin
tng mt my tnh truyn mt gi d liu n nhiu my tnh khc ( khng phi tt c
cc my ) mt cch ng thi nhng ch bng mt gi d liu duy nht. Gi d liu c
truyn i s c ch n l a ch Multicast.
89. NAT Network Address Translation .
Trong lnh vc mng my tnh NAT l ni v qu trnh thay i thng tin a ch
IP trong header ca gi d liu khi di chuyn qua mt thit b mng. C 3 k thut NAT
thng gp l Static Nat, Dynamic NAT v NAT Overload.
90. NBMA Nonbroadcast Multiple Access .
NBMA l mt mi trng mng my tnh gm nhiu hosts gn vo nhng d liu
ch c truyn t mt host n mt host khc thng qua cc mch o. Mi trng
NBMA khng h tr i vi Multicast v Broadcast. Mt s v d ca mi trng ny l
mng ATM, Frame-Relay, X25.
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hiu s
88. Multicast
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hiu s
88. Multicast
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91. NCP Network Control Protocol .
NCP l giao thc dng trong cc kt ni PPP ( Point-to-Point ) m phn cc
giao thc Lp Mng chy trn PPP nh IP, IPX , Apple Talk.
92. NIC Network Interface Card.
(Cc giao tip mng)
Cc mng (network card), hay Cc giao tip mng (Network Interface Card), l
mt bn mch cung cp kh nng truyn thng mng cho mt my tnh. N cn c gi
l b thch nghi LAN (LAN adapter), c cm trong mt khe (slot) ca bn mch chnh
v cung cp mt giao tip kt ni n mi trng mng. Chng loi cc mng phi ph
hp vi mi trng truyn v giao thc c s dng trn mng cc b.
93. NFS Network File System.
NFS l mt giao thc h thng tp tin phn tn c pht trin bi hng Sun
Microsystems vo nm 1984 cho php ngi s dng trn mt my tnh c th truy cp
nhng tp tin trong mng ging nh tp tin ang c lu trn my tnh. NFS cng
ging nh nhng giao thc khc c xy dng da trn h thng (ONC RPC Open
Network Computing Remote Procedure Call ).
94. NT1 Network Termination 1 .
L mt thit b u cui mng dng trong mng ISDN.
95. NVRAM - Nonvolatile Ram .
NVRAM l mt loi b nh my tnh c kh nng gi thng tin ngay c khi n
khng c cung cp in. Trong lnh vc mng my tnh, NVRAM c dng trong
cc thit b mng lu tr file cu hnh start-up config.
96. Open Network .
Khc mi m hnh mng Closed Network, khng c giao tip vi bn ngoi. M
hnh mng m, Open Network, l nhng h thng mng c giao tip vi bn ngoi. i
vi nhng m hnh mng ny, ta phi lu n vn bo mt.
97. OSI Open System Interconnection Reference Model .
(M hnh tham chiu kt ni cc h thng m)
M hnh OSI hay M hnh tham chiu kt ni cc h thng m - l mt thit k
da vo nguyn l tng cp, l gii mt cch tru tng k thut kt ni truyn thng
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(Cc giao tip mng)
96. Open Network .
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(Cc giao tip mng)
96. Open Network .
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gia cc my vi tnh v thit k giao thc mng gia chng. M hnh ny c pht trin
thnh mt phn trong k hoch Kt ni cc h thng m (Open Systems Interconnection)
do ISO v IUT-T khi xng.
98. OSPF Open Shortest Path First .
OSPF l mt giao thc nh tuyn hot ng theo kiu Link-State. OSPF l mt
giao thc thuc loi IGP hot ng trong cng mt h thng t tr ( Autonomous System).
99. PAT Port Address Translation .
PAT l mt tn gi khc ca k thut NAT mt nhiu, cho php nhiu my tnh
kt ni ra ngoi mng cng cng s dng mt hoc mt vi a ch cng cng , t hn
nhiu so vi s lng a ch ca mng bn trong. PAT thc hin vic ny bng thay i
c thng tin a ch IP v port khi gi tin i qua Router v thay i ngc li a ch v
port ban u khi gi tin c tr v.
100. PAP Password Authentication Protocol .
PAP l mt giao thc xc thc s dng password c gi bng clear-text dng
trong cc kt ni PPP ( Point-to Point ).
101. Partial Mesh
Partial Mesh l mt kiu kt ni mng theo kiu mt node c th kt ni n mt
hay nhiu node khc mt cch ty nhng khng phi l tt c cc Node nh trong m
hnh Full-Mesh hoc mt node ch c th ni v mt node trung tm nh trong m hnh
Hub-and-Spoke.
102. PCM Pulse Code Modulation .
(iu ch xung m)
PCM l mt k thut iu ch tn hiu tng t (Analog ) thnh cc tn hiu s
(Digital ). Mt ng dng ca PCM thng gp l truyn cc tn hiu thoi gia cc thu
bao in thoi c nh khong cch xa nhau. Tn hiu thoi s c iu ch PCM,
c ghp nhiu lung truyn qua cc tng i v sau s c gii iu ch tr
v tn hiu thoi ban u truyn v thu bao in thoi bn nhn.
103. PDU Protocol Data Unit .
Trong vin thng, PDU l mt khi nim ni v n v thng tin c truyn gia
cc thc th ngang hng ca mng m c th cha thng tin iu khin, thng tin a ch,
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101. Partial Mesh
Hub-and-Spoke.
(iu ch xung m)
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101. Partial Mesh
Hub-and-Spoke.
(iu ch xung m)
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v d liu ngi dng. Trong m hnh OSI ni ring , PDU Lp Vt L l Bit, Lp
Lin Kt l Frame, Lp Mng l Packet v Lp Vn Chuyn l segment / datagram.
104. PPP Point-to-Point Protocol .
(Giao thc kt ni im im)
PPP l mt giao thc mng my tnh hot ng Lp Lin Kt dng thit lp
cc kt ni trc tip gia hai im . Giao thc PPP c th h tr vic xc thc, m ha d
liu khi truyn dn v nn d liu.
105. PRI Primary Rate Interface .
PRI l mt mc dch v vin thng c chun ha s dng trong mng ISDN ,
PRI c s dng cho cc t chc ln. PRI bao gm 23 knh B v mt knh D s dng 1
ng T1 theo chun Bc M hoc 30 knh B v mt knh D s dng c E1 theo
chun Chu u.
106. PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network .
(Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng)
PSTN l mng ca nhng mng in thoi chuyn mch mch ( circuit-switched )
trn th gii . N bao gm nhng ng truyn tn hiu thoi, ng truyn cp quang,
ng truyn dn viba ( microware) , h thng v tinh, v nhng cp ngm di bin. H
thng ny cho php thu bao in thoi c th giao tip vi nhng thu bao khc trn th
gii.
107. P Provider
Router nm trong mng li ( Core network ) ca nh cung cp dch v.,
108. PE Provider Edge
Router bin ca nh cung cp dch v, c s dng u ni vi mng ca
khch hng.
109. PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit .
(Mch o thng trc)
PVC l mt khi nim c dng trong cc mng chuyn mch gi nh Frame-
Relay, X25. PVC c s dng to nn mt kt ni mch o thng trc gia hai u
v hu nh khng b ngt kt ni.
110. PVST Per-Vlan Spanning Tree .
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chun Chu u.
gii.
107. P Provider
khch hng.
(Mch o thng trc)
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chun Chu u.
gii.
107. P Provider
khch hng.
(Mch o thng trc)
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PVST l mt giao thc Spanning Tree c quyn ca hng Cisco cho php to ra
cc Spanning Tree khc nhau trn mi Vlan.
111. Prefix
Phn mng ca mt a ch IP. Thut ng ny c s dng trong cch nh a
ch IP theo kiu classless. A.B.C.D/n, trong A.B.C.D l a ch IP, n l s bit mng
trong a ch ny.
112. Redistribution
Redistribution l mt k thut c dng trong mng chy nhiu giao thc nh
tuyn. K thut ny c thc hin nhng Router bin nm gia 2 vng chy cc giao
thc nh tuyn khc nhau. Router bin ny s ly nhng thng tin nh tuyn hc tng
vng ny qung b sang nhng vng khc.
113. Route-map
Mt cng c c s dng trong cc phng thc lc route theo iu kin hoc
trong k thut nh tuyn theo chnh sch ( policy based routing ).
114. Routing table
(Bng nh tuyn)
Routing table hay bng nh tuyn l mt bng nh c s dng bi cc thit b
nh tuyn dng lu cc thng tin v ng i n cc a ch ch trong mng.
115. RAM Random Access Memory .
(B nh truy xut ngu nhin).
RAMhay B nh truy xut ngu nhin l b nh lu tr cc cng vic ca chng
ta. Tt c d liu m my tnh dng v lm vic trong sut qu trnh hot ng c
lu tr y.
116. RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol .
RARP l mt giao thc c dng trong lnh vc mng my tnh. RARP c s
dng khi mt host mun yu cu mt a ch Ipv4 khi c
a ch MAC. RARP sau ny
c thay th bi BOOTP v DHCP.
117. RFC Request for Comments .
( ngh duyt tho v bnh lun)
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111. Prefix
trong a ch ny.
112. Redistribution
113. Route-map
114. Routing table
(Bng nh tuyn)
lu tr y.
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111. Prefix
trong a ch ny.
112. Redistribution
113. Route-map
114. Routing table
(Bng nh tuyn)
lu tr y.
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Trong k ngh lin mng v mng my tnh, cc ti liu RFC ( ngh duyt tho
v bnh lun) l mt chui cc bn ghi nh cha ng nhng nghin cu mi, nhng i
mi, v nhng phng php lun ng dng cho cng ngh Internet. Thng qua on th
Internet (Internet Society), cc k s v cc nh khoa hc my tnh c th cng b lun
vn di hnh thc l mt bn ghi nh RFC, hoc l cho nhng ngi ng nghip
ph bnh (peer review), hoc ch n thun thng bo nhng quan im mi, tin tc, hoc
(thnh thong) hi hc v k thut.
118. RIP Routing Information Protocol .
(Giao thc nh tuyn thng tin)
RIP l mt giao thc nh tuyn hot ng theo kiu Distance Vector. RIP c hai
phin bn l RIPv1 v RIPv2. RIPv1 c tnh ton ng i da trn s lng hop phi i
qua v s lng hop ti a cho php l 15. Nu qu s lng trn, RIP s xem nh mng
dng khng th kt ni c ( unreachable ).
119. RJ-45
L chun quy nh u ni ca cp mng Ethernet.
120. ROM Read Only Memory .
(B nh ch c)
ROM hay B nh ch c -l mt loi thit b lu tr dng trong my tnh v cc
thit b khc. N c tn nh vy v khng d ghi thng tin ln n. Khng ging nh
RAM, thng tin trn ROM vn c duy tr d ngun in cp khng cn.
121. Routed Protocol
Routed Protocol l nhng giao thc hot ng Lp Mng c s dng
chuyn d liu ca lp ng dng. N cung cp cch nh a ch ng n cho php
gi d liu c truyn t mng ny sang mng khc. Mt s v d ca Routed Protocol
nh IP, IPX.
122. Routing Protocol
(Giao thc nh tuyn)
Routing Protocol hay Giao thc nh tuyn l giao thc c Router s dng
trao i thng tin nh tuyn, tmng i ti u n cc mng ch. Ban u cc Router
ch c thng tin nhng mng kt ni trc tip vi n. Routing Protocol s chia s nhng
thng tin ny n nhng Router khc v cui cng tt c cc Router u c ng i n
mt mng bt k.
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119. RJ-45
(B nh ch c)
nh IP, IPX.
(Giao thc nh tuyn)
trao i thng tin nh tuyn, tm ng i ti u n cc mng ch. Ban u cc Router
mt mng bt k.
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119. RJ-45
(B nh ch c)
nh IP, IPX.
(Giao thc nh tuyn)
trao i thng tin nh tuyn, tmng i ti u n cc mng ch. Ban u cc Router
mt mng bt k.
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123. RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .
RSTP l giao thc Spanning Tree c IEEE gii thiu vo nm 2001 ( 802.1w ).
RSTP cung cp c ch hi t nhanh hn khi Topology ca mng thay i. Trong khi STP
cn thi gian t 30 50 giy hi t th RSTP ch cn thi gian khong 3 ln Hello
times, tc l khong 6 giy theo mc nh.
124. SDM Security Device Manager .
Cisco SDM l mt cng c qun l cc thit b Router ca Cisco thng qua giao
din Web n gin ha vic cu hnh Router l gip pht hin li cu hnh trong
nhng mng phc tp v nhng vn v kt ni VPN.
125. SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol .
(Giao thc truyn ti th tn n gin).
SMTP l mt chun truyn ti th in t qua mng Internet. SMTP c nh
ngha trong bn RFC 821 (STD 10) v c chnh l bng bn RFC 1123 (STD 3),
chng 5. Giao thc hin dng c l ESMTP (extended SMTP - SMTP m rng),
c nh ngha trong bn RFC 2821.
126. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol.
SNMP l mt tp hp cc giao thc khng ch cho php kim tra nhm m bo
cc thit b mng nh router, switch hay server ang vn hnh m cn vn hnh mt cch
ti u, ngoi ra SNMP cn cho php qun l cc thit b mng t xa .
127. Split horizon
Split horizon l mt quy tc c cc giao thc nh tuyn s ng chng
cc vng lp cc gi tin trn mng. Theo quy tc ny, Router hc c nhng route t
mt Interface s khng qung b nhng route hc c thng qua chnh Interface .
128. SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SONET l mt chun dng truyn tn hiu k thut s qua cp si quang s
dng nhng tia Laser pht ra t nhng n LEDs.
129. Subnet
Subnet hay mng con l mt mng c chia nh ra t mt mng ln.
130. Subnetting
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127. Split horizon
129. Subnet
130. Subnetting
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127. Split horizon
129. Subnet
130. Subnetting
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Subnetting l vic thc hin chia nh mt mng ln thnh cc mng con.
131. Summary
Mt k thut c s dng gom nhiu a ch mng ca nhng mng c kch
thc nh thnh mt a ch mng ca mt mng c kch thc ln hn.
132. SVC Switched Virtual Circuit .
(Mch o thay i)
SVC l mt khi nim s dng trong cc mng chuyn mch gi nh Frame-
Relay , X25. SVC ch c thit lp khi mt bn c nhu cu truyn d liu. Khi truyn
xong d liu, kt ni s c ngt i.
133. SSH Secure Shell.
SSH l mt giao thc mng dng thit lp kt ni mng mt cch bo mt.
SSH hot ng lp trn trong m hnh phn lp TCP/IP. Cc cng c SSH (nh l
OpenSSH, ...) cung cp cho ngi dng cch thc thit lp kt ni mng c m ho
to mt knh kt ni ring t.
134. Straight-Through Cable.
( Cp thng )
Cp thng l loi cp dng kt ni t my tnh n cc thit b mng nh Hub,
Switch hoc t cc thit b nh Hub, Switch n Router. Cp thng khng th dng
kt ni hai my tnh vi nhau.
135. T1
T1 l lung PCM c tc 1544 kb/s theo chun Bc M
136. TA Terminal Adapter .
TA l mt thut ng dng trong mng ISDN ch thit b kt ni mt Terminal
( v d my tnh ) vo mng ISDN. TA thnh thong cn c gi l ISDN modem.
137. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol .
(Giao thc iu khin giao vn/Giao thc lin mng)
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131. Summary
(Mch o thay i)
( Cp thng )
135. T1
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131. Summary
(Mch o thay i)
( Cp thng )
135. T1
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B giao thc TCP/IP, ngn gn l TCP/IP l mt b cc giao thc truyn thng
ci t chng giao thc m Internet v hu ht cc mng my tnh thng mi ang chy
trn . B giao thc ny c t tn theo hai giao thc chnh ca n l TCP (Giao
thc iu khin Giao vn) v IP (Giao thc Lin mng ).
138. TDM Time Division Multiplexing .
(Ghp knh phn chia thi gian)
TDM hay Ghp knh phn chia thi gian l mt k thut truyn tn hiu trong
thi gian s dng ng truyn c chia s cho ngi s dng. Tc l thi gian s dng
ng truyn th c chia lm nhiu khung, mi khung c chia thnh nhiu khe thi
gian(Ts time slot) mi ngi s dng mt khe thi gian dnh ring cho mnh phc v
cho vic truyn tin.
139. Telnet Terminal Network.
Telnet l mt giao thc mng c dng trn cc kt ni vi Internet hoc cc
kt ni ti mng my tnh cc b LAN. Telnet thng c dng cung cp nhng
phin giao dch ng nhp, gia cc my trn mng Internet, dng dng lnh c tnh nh
hng ngi dng.
140. TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol .
(Giao thc truyn tin n gin )
TFTP l mt giao thc truyn tin n gin thng c dng truyn cc tp tin
cu hnh hoc cc IOS gia cc thit b trong mi trng mng ni b. So snh vi FTP,
TFTP c rt nhiu im hn ch, n khng cung cp c ch xc thc v cng hn ch kh
nng tng tc ca ngi s dng.
141. Three-Way Handshake.
Three-Way Handshake l mt phng thc c s dng trong giao thc TCP
thit lp kt ni gia Client v Server. Three-Way Handshake bao gm 3 bc. Client gi
nhng gi tin SYN n Server. Server tr li bng gi tin SYN-ACK v cui cng Client
gi gi tin ACK xc nhn n Server.
142. Tunnel
(ng hm)
Tunnel hay ng hm l mt k thut c s dng chung trong cc h thng
mng, trong d liu trao i ca hai thit b u cui c ng gi vo mt gi tin
khc i t u ny n u kia ca mng, hai thit b trao i c d liu cho nhau
m hon ton khng bit g v h thng mng gia.
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cho vic truyn tin.
hng ngi dng.
142. Tunnel
(ng hm)
28
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cho vic truyn tin.
hng ngi dng.
142. Tunnel
(ng hm)
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143. UDP User Datagram Protocol .
UDP l mt trong nhng giao thc ct li ca giao thc TCP/IP. Dng UDP,
chng trnh trn mng my tnh c th gi nhng d liu ngn c gi l datagram ti
my khc. UDP khng cung cp s tin cy v th t truyn nhn m TCP lm; cc gi d
liu c th n khng ng th t hoc b mt m khng c thng bo. Tuy nhin UDP
nhanh hn v hiu qu hn i vi cc mc tiu nh kch thc nh v yu cu khc khe
v thi gian.
144. Unicast
Unicast l mt kiu gi d liu t mt host n mt host khc c a ch xc nh
(gi mt mt).
145. VC Virtual Circuit .
(Mch o)
VC hay Mch o l mt thut ng dng trong Vin thng v lnh vc Mng My
Tnh dng ch dch v giao tip hng kt ni ( connection- oriented ) hot ng theo
c ch giao tip bng ch gi tin. Nhiu mch o c th cng c thit lp n nhng
thit b khc nhau thng qua cng mt kt ni vt l.
146. VLAN Virtual Lan .
(Mng Lan o)
VLAN hay Mng LAN o. VLAN l mt k thut cho php to lp cc mng
LAN c lp mt cch logic trn cng mt kin trc h tng vt l. Vic to lp nhiu
mng LAN o trong cng mt mng cc b gip gim thiu broadcast domain cng nh
to thun li cho vic qun l mt mng cc b rng ln .
147. VLSM Variable Length Subnet Masking .
VLSM l mt k thut cho php tn dng ti a khng gian a ch IP. S dng
VLSM, ngi qun tr c th chia a ch mng c Subnet mask di cho mng c t host
v a ch mng c Subnet mask ngn cho mng c nhiu host. Khi dng VLSM th cc
Router phi chy cc giao thc nh tuyn h tr VLSM nh OSPF, EIGRP.
148. VPN Virtual Private Network .
(Mng ring o)
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v thi gian.
144. Unicast
(gi mt mt).
(Mch o)
(Mng Lan o)
(Mng ring o)
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v thi gian.
144. Unicast
(gi mt mt).
(Mch o)
(Mng Lan o)
(Mng ring o)
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Mng ring o l mt khi nim ni v vic kt ni hai mng khc nhau mt cch
c lp thng qua mt h tng mng sn c. ng dng thng gp ca Mng ring o l
kt ni cc my tnh ca cc cng ty, tp on hay cc t chc vi nhau thng qua
mng Internet cng cng. VPN c th c chia lm 3 loi : remote-access VPN, Intranet
VPN v Extranet VPN.
149. VTP Vlan Trunk Protocol .
VTP l mt giao thc c quyn ca hng Cisco dng qung b thng tin
VLAN gia cc Switch vi nhau. VTP qung b thng tin Vlan n tt c cc Switch
trong cng mt VTP domain
150. VTY Virtual Terminal .
VTY l mt khi nim dng ch cc kt ni Terminal o n mt Router, c
dng kim sot nhng kt ni theo chiu vo ( Inbound ) ca Router. Nhng kt ni
ny l nhng kt ni phn mm, khng lin quan n phn cng v mt Router cng mt
lc c th cho php nhiu kt ni VTY vo. Lnh Telnet c s dng thit lp cc
kt ni VTY n Router.
151. WAN Wide Area network .
(Mng din rng)
Mng din rng WAN (wide area network) l mng d liu c thit k kt
ni gia cc mng th (mng MAN ) gia cc khu vc a l cch xa nhau. Xt v quy
m a l, mng GAN( global area network) c quy m ln nht, sau n mng WAN
v mng LAN.
152. WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy.
WEP l mt cng ngh bo mt cho mng khng dy c thit k nhm mc
ch bo mt mng khng dy nh trong trng hp mng c dy. Tuy nhin sau khi ra
i ngi ta pht hin nhiu li v cng ngh ny. Tnh nng ca WEP khng tng
ng mt cht no nh mng i y. Do khng lu sau, mt cng ngh mi c tn
WPA ( Wi-Fi Protected Access ) ra i, khc phc nhiu nhc im ca WEP.
153. Wildcard mask .
Mt cng c c s dng trn cc IOS ca Cisco lc ra cc a ch IP theo
mt yu cu no . Trong mt s trng hp, Wildcard mask l nghch o ca subnet
mask.
154. Window Size.
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VPN v Extranet VPN.
kt ni VTY n Router.
(Mng din rng)
v mng LAN.
mask.
154. Window Size.
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VPN v Extranet VPN.
kt ni VTY n Router.
(Mng din rng)
v mng LAN.
mask.
154. Window Size.
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Window Size l mt khi nim m t kch thc b m bn nhn cho mt kt
ni. Hay ni mt cch khc Window Size i din cho s lng bytes ti a m mt thit
b c th nhn c t thit b ngang hng ca n trc khi chuyn cho lp ng dng.
Window Size c s dng trong TCP.
155. WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access.
WPA l mt giao thc an ninh trn nhng mng khng dy . N c to ra
thay th WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) v WEP tr
nn li thi v d b ph tm
ra kha. WPA c trnh lng vo nm 2003 v sau n WPA2 (an ton hn WPA) ra
mt vo nm 2004. WPA dng giao thc TKIP to ra mt kha di 128 bit cho mi
cm/gi (packet hay frame) gi qua sng v tuyn khc vi WEP l dng duy nht mt
kha cho mi cm/gi. Ngoi ra WPA cn dng giao thc Michael kim tra s ton
vn ca cc cm/gi, chc chn l chng khng b ai bt c v thay i. WPA2 c
tn chun chnh thc l IEEE 802.11i.
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in thoi: +84 511 3840 842.
Ti liu thut ng CCNA c bin son bi:
vdctraining.vn
TRUNG TMO TO VDC TRAI NI NG
in thoi: +84 511 3840 842.
Chng ti hy vng ti liu ny l cm nang b ch cho cc bn ang theo
hc chng trnh o t
o CCNA ni ring v nhng bn ang hc tp hay
lm vic trong lnh vc Qun tr mng ni chung.
Mc d c gng r sot, chm cht cho ni dung ti liu nhng chc
chn khng th trnh nhng sai st. Trong qu trnh s dng, nu cc bn
c bt k thc mc hay kin ng gp th xin ng ngn ngi gi phn
hi cho chng ti. VDC Training s cu th tip thu v khng ngng ci
tin ti liu ngy cng hon thin, phc v cho cc bn tt hn.
Chc cc bn thnh cng, hnh phc trong hc tp, cng vic v cuc
sng.
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vdctraining.vn
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hc chng trnh o t
sng.
32
vdctraining.vn
in thoi: +84 511 3840 842.
vdctraining.vn
in thoi: +84 511 3840 842.
hc chng trnh o t
sng.

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