1

( )

.
KCL KVL




: .
KCL KVL

( )

: ( )
:

KCL .
. .
:

KVL
:

KCL KCL


1

( )99

K V1 is

1
)1
2
1 )2
- 5 )3

VS

+
-

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is

is V1

)4 K

. V1.

is Vs

( )

. 2 .

KVL
+ -

KV1

+ KV1
1

i s i V1
s
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2

is

2
-

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is

V1
V1

V1 3 (is 2 ) KV1 1(is 2 )

V 1 i
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. K 5

.
.

( )

:
.

. :
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.
.

2

( )99

5

)1 2
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+1

1
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5A

10V
+

.
.

( )

.
. 1

KCL

. .
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3
1

+2V

V
11

VS 5 A

1
+

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+
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11

11 -

10

1
(
) VS

11

V 3 (5 V ) 2V 1(5 V )

S
11
11

VS 10V .
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2
5

R .

.
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( )

( )88

88 .
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5
3
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2

9
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4

+ 4V

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: . 4 .
op amp :3
op amp .

V2

I1

V1

I1 I 2

V1 V2

. : op amp .

+
R

( )

( )88

b , a
a
R
R

R
-

+
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E -

b
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2
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2
R
3
10
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11
R
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: . . op amp .
.

R
a
I

R
+

Eb

Rth R || R 2

V E R E
th
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( )

.
5

( )85

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R + 3/2 )1

2R 1/5 )2

1/4R + 3 )3

11I
9

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b

13 I

. . R . R =
. R
( )

- V1

I1 I

I 10I

I1

11I

13 I

( )

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3 I 3 ( I1 1.I ) 7( I1 I )

I :
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18

( )

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.
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11

( )

( : )
VL

VC

L
diL
dt

iL

iC

VL L

dVC
dt

1
VL dt
L

iC C

1
iC dt
C

iL

VC

:
VC2
VC1
+
+

C1
V
C1 C2

VC2

C2
V
C1 C2

VC1

C2

:
L2
I
L1 L2

I1

L1
I
L1 L2

I2

:
:

C1

I2

L2

I1

L1

) VC ( ) VC (

) iL ( ) iL (

12

( )

:1 :

)1 . .
) 2
.
) C1V1 ( ) C2V2 (
C1 C2

V ( )

C2

C1

.
.
)3 .

I2

I1

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L1

) L1I1 ( ) L2 I 2 (
L1 L2

I L ( )

.
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13

( )

:
t .

t

.


t :

.
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.

t :

.

.

14

( )

RthC
L

Rth

. Rth .

15

( )

( : )

t

.

.
6

( )89

S t . ) i (t
t

100

5 )1
5e1000t )2

5(1 e1000t ) )3

1
H
10

5A

5(1 e1000t ) )4

: t

t

) iL (

100

5A

16

( )

iL ( ) 5 A

iL ( ) iL ( ) 5 A t

t
.
100

5A

) i(

5A

kcl : 5 i( ) 5 i( )

( )88

. S

t .

) V (t t

+
1F
-

2 1/ 5e1 / 5t )1

2 1/ 5e1 / 5t )2

3 0/ 5e1 / 5t )3

3 0/ 5e1 / 5t )4

1F

) 6 A VC (t
1

17

( )

:
. .

:
+
1

2
+

) VC1 (

6A

1 1
VC1 ( ) 6( ) 5V
2 3

VC2 ( ) 2V

.
. .

:
) C1VC1 ( ) C2VC2 (
C1 C2

V ( )

(1 5) (1 2) V
3 / 5V
11
2

V ( )

t
( )3( )2 3/5 . .

18

( )

( )3( )2
t
)+ V (
1

3
-

:
+
)VC1 (

6A

1
2V
3

V () 6

t
2 . .
:
. .
. . Ln2

19

( )

( )89

t t 2 . t t
V1

2Ln2 )1

Ln2 )2

t 2Ln2 )3

8
+

V1 6

- 3V1

1
F
2

VC

7Ln2 )4

: . Ln2 .
Rth C

:
V1
6

+ V1
+

- 3V1

V1 6

V -

V 8 I V1

V1
V1 6( I 6 ) 3V1

V1 :

V
2 Rth 2
I
1
2 1S
2

Ln2 Ln2

28

( )

.
.:
t

f (t ) f () ( f () f ())e
t

) f (t ) f ()e ( f () f ()e

.
.
.
: .
9

( )89

) h(t ) s(t ) y1(t

h(t ) s(t ) y1 (t ) 1 et
.
1 e t )1

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)4 .

21

( )
t

s(t ) f () f ()e

ds(t ) 1
h(t )
f ( ) e
dt

y1(t ) f ()e

h(t ) s(t ) y1 (t ) 1 et

1 et

f ( )e

1 et

f () f ()e

f () f ( ))e

1s

) f (

f ( ) 1

f ()e

( f ( )
f () 1

= f () ( f () f ())e
1 2et

18

( )85

S ab .
t ac ) V (t t

t
)1
5

t
5

+-

12 5 3
e )2
5
5
3
)3
5

t
5

t
c

2e

(t ) 7 e 5 3 )4
5
5

IF
a

1
u (t )
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22

( )

:
.

:
:
2
5

VC ( ) 5 2V .
. VC ( ) 2V

.
). V(t

.

1
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5
t

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= V ( )e

= V () V ()e

C lF Rth 5
t
5
t
5

V ( ) 2V

= 2e

= 2 2e

23

( )
t

2
= e 5
5

1
) u (t
5

) : u (t
t

3 3 5
e
5 5

1
) u (t
5

. .
t
5

2
5

3
5

3
5

3
5

= 2e 5 e 5 e
t
5

= e

24

( )

:

) (t
) dv(t )r (t
dt

(t ) ,

u (t )

) u(t

r (t ) ,

) dv(t )u (t
dt

(t )

(t )dt 1

) (t ) lim (t

) f (t
1
6
1

1
-

f (t ) r (t ) 2r (t 1) r (t 3) 2r (t 5) )1
f (t ) r (t ) 2r (t 1) r (t 3) 2r (t 5) )2

f (t ) r (t ) r (t 1) r (t 3) 2r (t 5) )3
f (t ) r (t ) r (t 1) r (t 3) 2r (t 5) )4

: . ) f(t
t
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. f )1( = 1 f )3( = 1 f )5( = 1 :

25

( )

:
.
11

( )99

V .

VC

) u (t

1
)1
8

1
)2
4

VC

)3 1 .
)4 .

: :
V1

Rth C

i1

+-

i1 V1
2

1
i1

V1

26

( )

kvl : V1 i1 V1 i1

3
3
1
2 1
2 1

v1
3

i1 2 1

Rth

.:

1
2

2 1

2 1

12

( )99

2
IS
3

VL 2

. R

1
)1
2

1F

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2

+
R

4
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3

VL

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iS

3 )4

is
2

3

2
3

) is (t ) u (t.

2
A
3

. :

27

( )

2
3

VR ( ) R

KVL :
VL ( ) VC ( ) VR ( )

VC ( ) V

2 .

:
2 VR ( )
R 3

2
R 2
3

VR ( ) 2

:

.
. .

. .

.
. .

28

( )

13

( )84

. t .
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2F

12 (t ) )1

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1

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1
t
2

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1F

12V -

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. :

12
4
3

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29

( )

: ..
.

L
. .
R

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14

( )86

28
.
:

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4
t

+
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5
F
2
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38

( )

:
29
20
5 S
4

5 .
N 5 . N
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5
2

C RthC 5 C

L
5 L 10
2

L
5
Rth

4 .
N 19H.
:

. .

:
dVC
1
VC iC dt
dt
C

iC C

diL
1
iL VL dt
dt
L

VL L

31

( )

15

( )88

. ) Vs(t .

. .

)Vs(t
6

-6

i2

+
+

2F

3H

2V1

V2

1H

V1

+
VS (t ) -

+
-

)1

-3

)2

-3

-3

-3
6

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3
-

)4

6
-

32

( )

1
V1 VS
3
1
) i2 (2V1
4
1
i2 VS
6

di2
1 dVS 1 dVS
3

dt
6 dt
2 dt

V2 L

1
1
1
4V2dt V 4 VS

C
2
2

V VS

: . .

Rth

. .
. .

L

Rth

33

( )

16

( )85

b , a

1
t

) v(t ) 2(1 e 2 )u (t .
b , a

u (t ) )1

3
t
2
2
t

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2
t
3
3
t
2

(1 2e

a
+

2e

2e 3 u (t ) )2

L = 3

1F

Vs (t ) -

(1 2e

Vth VC () 2V

.:

2
2
C 1

Rth

. :
2
+

3H

VL

2V -

VL VL () (VL () VL ())e

34

( )

3
2

VL ()

VL () 2V

2
t
3

VL 2e

. .


17

( )85

. ) I C (t
R

iC

VSR

1
) u (t
R

35

( )
t

1 RC

e u (t ) )1
4R
t
1
e 2 RC u (t ) )2
2R
t
1 2 RC

e
u (t ) )3
4R
)4 VS .

. VS
. VS
1
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R

:
:
RthC 2RC

:
t b , a
) iC (

R
R
i1

1
R

36

( )

1 1 3

R R 8

R
5
RR
3

i1

2R
2R 1 3
i1

2R R
3R R 8

iC ( )

1
4R

iC ( )

: RL . T

.:

V1

t
2T

T1

:
t T1
T1 t T

e 1
) iL (t ) (t T
1

. . .

. . .
.

37

( )

18

( )79

) h(t ) 2r (2 t )u(t

. t 1s
3 )2

4 )1

1 )4

2/5 )3

: :
)r(t

)r(-t

))r ((t 2

.
t .:

)h (t

38

( )

t 1
t 1s . :

)h (t

4
2
t
42
) 1 3
2

. .

.
. .
19

( )79

) h(t ) et u(t .

t 3 s

3
2

39

( )

3 e1 e3 )1

3 e1 2e3 )2

2 2e1 3e3 )3

3 2e1 3e3 )4

:
) = 2u(t ) u(t 2) u(t 4

.:
= et dt et k
. t
. k 1
) (1 et )u(t .
) = 2(1 et )u(t
) = (1 et 2 )u(t 2
) = (1 et 4 )u(t 4

= 2u(t )
= u(t 2)
= u(t 4)

.
.:
) = 2(1 et )u(t ) (1 et 2 )u(t 2) (1 et 4 )u(t 4
t 3:
= 3 2e3 e1