-, 2 2013

, .

3 kW

1 kW

3 kW

20C

3 kW

0C

1 kW

Q = A U (T )


= 0 C = 20 C

10 kW

5 kW

0
0

10

15

20


450

400

350

300

200

150

100

50

0
1

10

11

12

13

(C)

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

: 20701-3

250

. (kW)

12
10

8
6

4
2
0
1

10

11

12

13

14

15

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

450
400
350
300

250
200
150
100
50
0
1

(C)

16

17

18

19

20


1800

1600

kWh K

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
1

10

11

12

(C)

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

kWh K

20 kW
50%

10 kW

0
0

10

15

20

20 kW

10 kW

0
0

10

15

20

20 kW

10 kW

0
0

10

15

20

200 kW

100 kW

0
0

10

15

20

(%)

, 1975

(%)

: VdZ Vereinigung der deutschen

Zentralheizungswirtschaft

3 kW

70C
70
3 kW

3 kW

20C

0C

1 kW

Q = A U (T )
= 10 kW

1,5 kW

50C
50
1,5 kW

20C

1,5 kW

10C
10

0,5 kW

Q = A U (T )
= 5 kW

70C

= 60
= 10C

50C

= 40

70C

0C
back

:
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O + HU
10,0 kWh/m3

:
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O + HO

11,6 kWh/m3

 100%

= 9,2 kWh / 10,0 kWh = 92%

= 10,7 kWh / 10,0 kWh = 107%

100

50

150


110%

105%
100%

80C
95%

10

15

20

.
(kWh / K)

45C


110%

105%

65C

100%

95%

10

15

20

.
(kWh / K)

45C

10

15

20

45C

95%
94%
93%
92%
91%
80C
90%
89%

(%)

, 1975

(%)

: VdZ Vereinigung der deutschen

Zentralheizungswirtschaft

110%

200 kW
-

100%
90%

100 kW

80%
70%
60%

0
0

10

15

20

27%

20

35%

56%

15

12kW

104%

: VdZ Vereinigung der deutschen

Zentralheizungswirtschaft

100

80
60
40
20
0

 /
E/G.



.

A/B.


.


.

F. ,
,
.

.

.

-5

D.


,

 - .

on/off

kW
100%

ON

50%

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

25%
0

on/off

kW
100%
50%

ON

ON

25%
0

inverter

rpm / kW
100%
50%

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

25%

log p () [MPa]

Qc
pH

pL

TL

Q0

h () [kJ/kg]

: COP = Coefficient of Performance = Qc / P

:

EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio = Q0 / P

log p () [MPa]

Qc
pH

pL

TL

Q0

P
h () [kJ/kg]

: COP = Coefficient of Performance = Qc / P

:

EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio = Q0 / P

log p () [MPa]

Qc
pH

pL

TL

Q0

h () [kJ/kg]

: COP = Coefficient of Performance = Qc / P

:

EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio = Q0 / P

log p () [MPa]

Qc

pH
pL

H
TL

Q0

h () [kJ/kg]

: COP = Coefficient of Performance = Qc / P

:

EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio = Q0 / P

COP /

6,0
5,0

3,0
2,0
0 C

5 C

10 C

15 C

20 C

COP

4,0

COP /

6,0
5,0

3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
0 C

5 C

10 C

15 C

20 C

COP

4,0

20 kW

/
10 kW

0
0 C

5 C

10 C

15 C

20 C

.
(kWh / K)

0 C

5 C

10 C

15 C

20 C

 monoblock

COP /

20 kW

/

7
6
5

10 kW 4
3
2
1

0 C

5 C

10 C

15 C

20 C

/ COP

=
.

(kWh)

3500

3000

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

7
6
5
4

COP

3
2
1
0

0 C

5C

10C

15C

20C


(kWh)

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
1

0 C

5C

10

10C

11

12

13

14

15

16

15C

17

SCOP = /

18

19

20

20C

SCOP

5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

-20C

-15C

-10C

-5C

0C

5C


A/ . .
65C
5

SCOP

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

80C

70C

60C

( )

50C

SCOP

5
4.5
4
3.5
3

2.5

2
1.5
1
0.5
0

65C

55C

45C

( )

 /
kWh ()

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

65C

55C

45C

( )

2
+

/ /

/ RR


CO2 (kg/kWh)
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0


(/kWh)
0.3
0.25

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0

/
(50%)
/

, .