Lab 3 ProgrammingWithGPIO

Embedded247 Lab 3.
Programming with GPIO

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Lab 3. Programming with GPIO
1. Mc ch:
- Vit cc ng dng vi cc giao tip vo ra c bn (GPIO) trn KIT, s dng cc GPIO
driver c sn, nh: giao tip led, button, Bin dch, np v thc thi ng dng trn
KIT
- Vit cc ng dng giao tip GPIO m rng s dng th vin gpiolib trn linux (giao
din gpio sysfs)
- Pht trin cc ng dng t cc v d n gin.
2. Chun b:
- PC Linux (Ubuntu) with arm-linux-gcc
- KIT FriendlyArm mini/micro2440
- D liu: Cc v d tham kho
3. Lp trnh giao tip gpio vi driver c sn:
3.1. Vit chng trnh iu khin tt/bt led n
3.1.1. M t:
- Dy 4 led n trn KIT ghp ni qua cng GPIO (GP5,6,7,8) c sn driver trn
Embedded Linux.

- Driver cung cp hm iu khin (ioctl) tt/bt tng led n. to cc hiu ng led
(nhy, chy ui, p tng, ) cn x l thut ton lp trnh + s dng cc hm tr
(delay) to hiu ng (s dng th vin sys/time.h trn linux, cc hm tr usleep(us) hoc
sleep(s).
- M hnh giao tip:
Embedded247 Lab 3. Programming with GPIO


3.1.2. M ngun tham kho:
V d sau minh ha m file thit b leds v iu khin tt/bt 1 led c s hiu led_no
(0,3)
(File tham kho: leds.c)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int on;
int led_no;
int fd;
//kim tra cc tham s truyn t dng lnh c ph hp
if (argc != 3 || sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &led_no) != 1 || sscanf(argv[2],"%d", &on)
!= 1 || on < 0 || on > 1 || led_no < 0 || led_no > 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: leds led_no 0|1\n"); //cch s dng
exit(1);
}
fd = open("/dev/leds", 0); //M file thit b leds s dng
if (fd < 0) {
perror("open device leds");


exit(1);
}
ioctl(fd, on, led_no); //Hm iu khin tng on/off led n
close(fd); //ng file thit b sau khi s dng
return 0;
}

3.1.3. Yu cu: Da trn v d trn, vit chng trnh iu khin tt, bt dy led n.
Bin dch, np chng trnh ln KIT v thc thi, quan st kt qu.
Ch : Mc nh trn KIT khi ng s chy ng dng led_player trn nn Qtopia, cn
tt ng dng ny trnh xung t.
3.2. Vit chng trnh c trng thi nt bm
3.2.1. M t:
- Dy nt bm K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6 trn KIT c ghp ni qua GPIO, c sn
driver trn h iu hnh Linux nhng.

- C th c trng thi cc nt bm ny (pressed/release or not ?) v c x l thch hp.
- M hnh lp trnh vi nt bm:


3.2.2. M ngun tham kho
- Driver button cung cp hm read() cho php c trng thi ca 6 nt bm (gi tr tr v
l 0 hoc 1 tng ng nt c nhn (pressed) hay nh (released).
- Mt cch n gin c th s dng c ch poll (thm d) c trng thi nt bm. Vi
phng php ny, chng trnh s lin tc c trng thi nt bm xem c c bm
hay khng (s kin c bm tng ng vi gi tr ca nt tr v s b thay i 1-> 0
-> 1).
- Tham kho m ngun sau:
(File buttons.c)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(void)
{


int buttons_fd;
//mng cha gi tr tr v ca 6 nt bm (gi tr l k t 0, 1)
char buttons[6] = {'0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'};
buttons_fd = open("/dev/buttons", 0); //m file thit b button
if (buttons_fd < 0) {
perror("open device buttons");
exit(1);
}
for (;;) {//Vng lp lin tc c trng thi nt bm (poll)
char current_buttons[6]; //mng cha gi tr hin ti c c
int i;
//lin tc gi hm c
if (read(buttons_fd, current_buttons, sizeof current_buttons) != sizeof
current_buttons) {
perror("read buttons:");
exit(1);
}
//duyt mng cha gi tr 6 nt bm
for (i = 0; i < sizeof buttons / sizeof buttons[0]; i++) {
if (buttons[i] != current_buttons[i]) { //nu c s thay i
//nt tng ng c bm
buttons[i] = current_buttons[i]; //cp nht li trng thi nt
//hin thng tin ra mn hnh
printf(key %d is %s\n", i+1, buttons[i] == '0' ? "up" : "down");
}
}
}
close(buttons_fd);
return 0;
}
3.2.3. Yu cu.


Da trn v d tham kho, vit chng trnh c trng thi ca cc nt bm, a ra thng
bo nt no c nhn/nh. Bin dch, np v thc thi chng trnh trn KIT.
3.3. Vit chng trnh kt hp giao tip leds v buttons
Yu cu: Da trn 2 v d trn vit chng trnh kt hp 2 giao tip vi leds v buttons.
- S dng cc nt K1, K2, K3, K4 bt/tt 4 led n tng ng (mi ln bm nt, led
tng ng s chuyn trng thi t tt -> bt hoc ngc li)
- Hoc s dng 2 nt bm iu khin cho 1 led vi 1 nt dng tt v 1 nt dng
bt.
Bi tp lm thm.
Bi 1: Vit chng trnh LedDuoi to hiu ng led ui vi mt tham s i km l tc
chy (tnh bng ms). Chng trnh cho php in ra thng bo hng dn s dng nu
ngi dng la chn option help.
LedDuoi help -> in ra hng dn s dng
LedDuoi 1000 ->chy hiu ng led ui vi tr l 1000ms
Bi 2: Vit chng trnh to hiu ng led ui, c th thay i tc bng nt bm (1
nt tng tc , mt nt gim tc )
4. Lp trnh giao tip gpio sysfs t Linux user space
- Kim tra linux h tr giao tip gpio sysfs bng lnh: ls /sys/class/gpio

Nu cha c cn bin dch v ci t li nhn linux h tr giao din ny.


4.1. Xy dng th vin c gm cc hm giao tip gpio
- Tham kho m ngun sau cung cp 1 th vin cc hm truy cp gpio s dng gpio
sysfs t khng gian ngi dng (user space):
gpio.h
#ifndef GPIO_H
#define GPIO_H
int gpio_export(unsigned gpio); //Hm export pin ra user space
int gpio_unexport(unsigned gpio); //Hm gii phng pin khi khng cn s dng
int gpio_dir_out(unsigned gpio); //Cu hnh pin l output
int gpio_dir_in(unsigned gpio); //Cu hnh pin l input
int gpio_value(unsigned gpio, unsigned value); //c/ghi gi tr ca pin gpio
#endif
gpio.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define GPIO_DIR_IN 0
#define GPIO_DIR_OUT 1
/*************************************************
Hm ng k (export) chn gpio mun s dng ra khng gian ngi dng
*************************************************/
int gpio_export(unsigned gpio)
{
int fd, len;
char buf[11];

fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/export", O_WRONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("gpio/export");
return fd;
}

len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", gpio)
write(fd, buf, len); //Ghi s hiu (ID) pin mun s dng vo file /sys/class/gpio/export
khi ng k s dng
close(fd);
return 0;
}


/*************************************************
Hm gii phng (unexport) chn gpio khi khng cn s dng
*************************************************/
int gpio_unexport(unsigned gpio)
{
int fd, len;
char buf[11];
fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/unexport", O_WRONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("gpio/export");
return fd;
}
len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", gpio);
write(fd, buf, len); //Ghi s hiu (ID) pin mun s dng vo file
/sys/class/gpio/unexport khi gii phng
close(fd);
return 0;
}
/*************************************************
Hm cu hnh chn gpio l in hay out (dir)
*************************************************/

int gpio_dir(unsigned gpio, unsigned dir)
{
int fd, len;
char buf[60];
len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/direction", gpio);
fd = open(buf, O_WRONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("gpio/direction");
return fd;
}
//Cu hnh pin l input/output bng cch ghi gi tr (ASCII) in, out vo file
/sys/class/gpio/gpio[ID]/diriection
if (dir == GPIO_DIR_OUT)
write(fd, "out", 4);
else
write(fd, "in", 3);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
/*************************************************
Hm thit lp chn gpio out
*************************************************/
int gpio_dir_out(unsigned gpio)
{


return gpio_dir(gpio, GPIO_DIR_OUT); //trng hp l output
}
/*************************************************
Hm thit lp chn gpio in
*************************************************/

int gpio_dir_in(unsigned gpio)
{
return gpio_dir(gpio, GPIO_DIR_IN); //trng hp l input
}
/*************************************************
Hm ghi ra tr ra chn gpio out (tng ng xut 0 , 1)
*************************************************/

int gpio_value(unsigned gpio, unsigned value)
{
int fd, len;
char buf[60];
len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", gpio);
fd = open(buf, O_WRONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("gpio/value");
return fd;
}
//Xut gi tr 1, 0 bng cch ghi ra file value tng ng vi pin cu hnh
if (value)
write(fd, "1", 2);
else
write(fd, "0", 2);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
/*************************************************
Chng trnh chnh test cc hm ny
t if 1 khi mun s dng
*************************************************/

#if 0
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i = 20;
int pin_no = 160 //S dng chn 160 (tng ng vi GPF0 trn FriendlyArm
mini/micro 2440)
gpio_export( pin_no );
gpio_dir_out( pin_no );
while(i--) {


gpio_value( pin_no , i & 1); //toggle on GPF0
sleep(1);
}
gpio_unexport( pin_no );
}
#endif

4.2. Vit ng dng giao tip board m rng (leds, 7 segment, buttons)
- Hnh nh board m rng nh sau (xem schematic i km)

Board m rng c ghp ni vi KIT FriendlyArm micro2440 qua header CON6. S
chn nh sau:


Yu cu: S dng 7 chn GPIO t GPF0-GPF6 (EINT0-EINT6) iu khin 7 led tng
ng trn board (ch output) hoc c trng thi 7 nt bm tng ng (ch input).
(Tham kho m ngun ti https://sites.google.com/site/embedded247/ddcourse/giao-tiep-
gpio-mo-rong-su-dung-gpiolib )
Bin dch:
+ ng dng iu khin led n/led 7 thanh: arm-linux-gcc o gpio_led gpio.c gpio_led.c
+ ng dng polling trng thi 7 nt bm: arm-linux-gcc -o gpio_button gpio.c
gpio_button.c
Thc thi ng dng trn KIT v quan st kt qu.

Lab 3 ProgrammingWithGPIO

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Embedded247 Lab 3.

Programming with GPIO

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