PHAN I

TONG QUAN VE HE THONG GSM

1. GII THIEU CHUNG VE HE THONG GSM
He thong thong tin di ong GSM 900 la he thong thong tin di ong dung bang tan xung
quanh bang tang 900MHz( 890 960MHz) c chia thanh hai day tang:
Day tan t 890 915MHz dung cho ng len t MS en BTS (Uplink)
Day tan t 935 960MHz dung cho ng xuong t BTS en MS (Downlink)
Khoang cach gia cac song mang trong he thong GSM la 200KHz ma he thong GSM 900
co 2 bang tang rong 25MHz bao gom 25MHz/200KHz=125 kenh. Trong o kenh 0 la day
bao ve con cac kenh 1 124 c goi la kenh tan so vo tuyen tuyet oi. Viet Nam bang
tang GSM900 c cap cho 3 nha khai thac vi s phan chia nh sau:























Radio Network Planning
Frequency Planning
Vietels GSM Frequency Bands:
Width: 8.2 MHz
Number of channels: 39 + 3 guard bands (from 42 to 83)
Uplink: 898.4 MHz to 906.6 MHz
Downlink: 943.4 MHz to 951.6 MHz
1 41 43 54 84 124 56 81
12 BCCH
26 TCH
V I E T E L
42 55 83
82
Joker
Operator A
Operator B
Vinaphone Mobilephone
Radio Network Planning
Frequency Planning
Vietels GSM Frequency Bands:
Width: 8.2 MHz
Number of channels: 39 + 3 guard bands (from 42 to 83)
Uplink: 898.4 MHz to 906.6 MHz
Downlink: 943.4 MHz to 951.6 MHz
1 41 43 54 84 124 56 81
12 BCCH
26 TCH
V I E T E L
42 55 83
82
Joker
Operator A
Operator B
Vinaphone Mobilephone
2. CAU TRUC HE THONG CON CHUYEN MACH: (SSS)

BSS
BSC
BTS
MS
OSS
Switching System
Information transmission
Call connections and
information transmission
Base Station System
SS
MSC/
VLR
EIR
GMSC
DTI
AUC
HLR
SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
Giao tip v tuyn Um
Abis
A
C C u tr u tr c h c h th th ng th ng th ng ng tin tin
GSM/DCS GSM/DCS- -PLMN PLMN

2.1 MSC (Mobile Switching Centre): Trung tam chuyen mach dch vu di ong
MSC chu trach nhiem ve viec thiet lap s ket noi cac kenh lu thong:
+ Ti tram goc BSS
+ Ti he thong chuyen mach di ong MSC khac
+ Va ti nhng mang chuyen mach khac (chang han ti PSTN, PSDN)
MSC con thc hien chc nang quan ly nhng vung nh v, x ly nhng dch vu c s,
dch vu bo sung, thc hien qua trnh tnh cc.
2.2 HLR(Home Location Register):
Bo ghi nh v thng tru: no quan ly toan bo d lieu thue bao cua vung phu, cua mang.
HLR la mot c s d lieu ni ma nhng thue bao di ong c tao ra, c tach ra,
c cam hoac c xoa i bi ngi ieu hanh.
2.3 VLR(Visitor Location Register): (c ket hp vi MSC)
Trong thi gian MS cap nhat v tr, d lieu thue bao c chuyen t HLR ti VLR hien
tai. D lieu nay c lu tr trong VLR trong suot thi gian ma MS di chuyen trong
vung nay. VLR se cung cap d lieu cho thue bao bat ky luc nao no can cho viec x ly
mot cuoc goi. Neu mot thue bao di ong di chuyen en vung phuc vu VLR khac th mot
cap nhat v tr xay ra lan na, VLR mi yeu cau d lieu thue bao t HLR chu trach
nhiem ve thue bao di ong.
2.4 AuC(Authencation Centre) va EIR(Equipment Identification register):
Mot thue bao muon truy cap mang, VLR kiem tra Sim card cua no co c chap nhan
hay khong, ngha la no thc hien mot s nhan thc. VLR s dung nhng thong so nhan
thc c goi la nhng bo ba, no c tao ra mot cach lien tuc va rieng biet cho moi
thue bao di ong c cung cap bi trung tam nhan thc AC. AC c ket hp vi
HLR.
EIR kiem tra tnh hp le cua thue bao da tren yeu cau ac tnh thiet b di ong quoc te
IMEI t MS sau o gi no ti bo ghi nhan dang thiet b EIR. Trong EIR, IMEI cua toan
bo thiet b di ong c s dung th phai c phan chia thanh ba danh sach.
+ Danh sach mau trang: cha thiet b di ong c chap nhan.
+ Danh sach mau xam: cha thiet b di ong c theo doi.
+ Danh sach mau en: cha thiet b di ong khong c chap nhan.
EIR kiem tra IMEI co thch hp vao mot trong ba danh sach hay khong va chuyen ket
qua ti MSC.

3. HE THONG CON VO TUYEN:
He thong con vo tuyen bao gom:
+ Thiet b di ong ME
+ He thong tram goc BSS
He thong tram goc BSS bao gom:
- Tram thu phat goc BTS
- Bo ieu khien tram goc BSC
- Bo chuyen ma va chuyen oi toc o TRAU
3.1 BSC:
Bo ieu khien tram goc BSC cung cap nhng chc nang thong minh ieu khien moi
hoat ong cua he thong tram goc (BSS). Mot BSC co the ieu khien nhieu BTS. No
phan phoi s ket noi cac kenh lu lng (Traffic channel) t he thong chuyen mach ti
cac cell vo tuyen BTS, ngoai ra no con thc hien qua trnh chuyen giao cung vi MSC.
3.2 BTS:
BTS c thiet lap tai tam cua moi te bao, no thong tin en cac MS thong qua giao
dien vo tuyen Um, ngha la no cung cap nhng ket noi vo tuyen gia MS va BTS.
BTS c xac nh bang cac thong so mo ta nh kha nang truyen dan, ten cua cell,
bang tan vo tuyen
3.3 He thong chuyen ma va chuyen oi toc o TRAU:
TRAU gom hai khoi chc nang:
Thc hien viec chuyen oi luong d lieu 64kb/s (tieng noi, d lieu) t MSC
thanh luong d lieu co toc o tng oi thap tng ng vi giao dien vo tuyen
16kb/s.
Thc hien qua trnh tach ghep luong

4. HE THONG OSS:
Tat ca moi s hoat ong, s kiem tra va s bao tr cho tat ca nhng thanh phan mang
SSS, BSS (BSC, BTS, TRAU) co the c thc hien trung tam OMS, goi la trung tam
van hanh va bao dng.
He thong OMS bao gom mot hoac nhieu OMC (OMC R, OMC S). OMC c lien
ket vi nhng phan t SSS va BSS thong qua mot mang d lieu goi X25.

5. HE THONG GPRS:
+ oi vi he thong GSM toc o truyen d lieu c gii han la 9,6kbit/s, vi hnh thc
chuyen mach mach.
+ He thong GPRS (General packet radio sevice) se la giai phap e ap ng oi hoi cho
viec truyen d lieu toc o cao da tren mang chuyen mach goi. Toc o d lieu co the
len en 160kbit/s.
Khi toc o d lieu tang len th ta co the tch hp c nhieu dch vu so tren mang.
Luc nay tren mang PLMN ton tai 2 he thong song song:
- He thong chuyen mach mach cho thoai.
- He thong chuyen mach goi cho d lieu.
Thanh phan cua he thong GPRS.
MFS: Multi BSS fast packet sever
- Thc hien nhng chc nang ieu khien goi.
- Quan ly tai nguyen vo tuyen cho GPRS cho mot vai BSS.
- Quan ly giao dien vi mang GPRS.
SGSN: serving GPRS support node.
- nh tuyen goi MS
- ieu khien tham nhap, ieu khien bao ve
- Giao dien vi HLR
- VLR cho GPRS
GGSN: Gateway GPRS support node
- La phan cua mang GPRS
- nh tuyen IP, link ti mot hoac vai mang d lieu
- Lam viec vi mang chuyen mach goi ben ngoai

PHAN 2
TONG QUAN VE HE THONG BTS

1. GII THIEU CHUNG VE BTS
1.1 Khai niem ve BTS
BTS la mot thiet b dung e phat tn hieu ra moi trng vo tuyen en cac may d ong
va thu tn heu t cac may di ong cung thong qua moi trng vo tuyen. No thong tin
en cac MS thong qua giao dien vo tuyen Um va ket noi vi bo ieu khien tram goc
BSC(Base Station Controller) thong qua giao dien Abis.

1.2 V tr cua BTS trong he thong GSM

CAU TRUC MANG GSM
Radio t ower
Radio t ower
BSC
T
C
M
F
S
SGN
HLR
BTS
BTS
GGSN
PSTN
INTERNET
IP GPRS
BACKBONE
BSS
OMC-R
MSC


S o tren mo ta v tr cua BTS trong he thong mang GSM. Cac BTS c at khap ni
trong vung co ke hoach phu song va no c ket noi ti bo ieu khien tram goc BSC
(Base Station Controller). Ngoai ra v tr cua BTS con phu thuoc vao cau hnh ket noi
ti BSC, chang han nh co cac cau hnh sau:
-Sectorised configuration
-Multipion configuration
-Chain configuration
-Star configuration

1.3 Phan loai BTS
Thiet BTS b ma cong ty ta s dung khu vc pha nam la loai thiet b A9100 cua hang
ALCATEL no gom co 2 loai chnh o la:
1.3.1.MBI:
La loai BTS dung trong phong kn, trong loai BTS nay lai chia thanh 2 dang, o la
dang nho MBI3, no ch gom co 3 subrack vi trong lng ln nhat la 150kg; loai con
lai la MBI5 no gom co 5 subrack vi trong lng toi a la 270kg. Kch thc va hnh
dang c c mo ta nh sau:


Ngoai nhng subrack chnh dung e lap at nhng thiet b chnh cua BTS th no con
co nhng khe nho xen gia nhng subrack dung e lap at cac quat e lam mat cho
thiet b cua BTS va mot khu vc dung cho viec au noi cap tn hieu va cap canh bao
cho BTS...

1.3.2. MBO:
La loai BTS co the at ngoai tri va cung giong nh BTS MBI no cung co 2 dang
la MBO1 vi trong lng ln nhat la 255kg va MBO2 la dang m rong cua MBO1
vi trong lng toi a la 425kg. Kch thc va hnh dang c mo ta mo ta nh sau:

















Cung tng t nh MBI, MBO cung co nhng tang quat va khu vc dung e au noi
cap tn hieu va cap canh bao. Ngoai ra no con co them cac khu vc dung e lap at
ac qui va nhng khu vc dung cho viec lap at cac thiet b truyen dan.

2. CAU TRUC CUA HE THONG BTS
2.1 Cau truc chung cua he thong BTS
KIEN TRUC CAC KHOI CHC NANG CUA HE
THONG BTS
CLOCK
T
R
A
N
S
OMU
SUM
TRE AN
Abis
BTS-TE


He thong BTS gom co cac khoi chc nang sau :
+ SUMA
+ TRE
+ AN

2.2 Cau truc va chc nang cua cac khoi trong he thong BTS
2.2.1. Khoi SUMA
Transmission
& Clock
O&M
RI
BSII
SWITCH
2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
XBCB BCB
MMI
Abis 1
XCLOCK
External interface
Internal interface
CLKI
BSII 0,1
KIEN TRUC SUMA

- XCLK (External clock): la ong ho ben ngoai
- CLKI: la he thong ong ho chu c phan phoi ti TRE vaAN
- MMI: thong qua serial link e ket noi ti BTS Terminal, thc hien quan ly
loi, tac ong trc tiep en he thong bang mot so lenh n gian.
- XBCB: External BTS control bus
- BCB: BTS control bus (trang thai, cau hnh, canh bao)
- BSII: mang thong tin TCH, RSL, OML,IOM-CONF
- SUMA: la khoi trung tam cua mot BTS, mot BTS ch co mot SUMA bat ke so
sector va TRX la bao nhieu

Nhng chc nang SUMA:
- Quan ly link truyen dan Abis (len en 2 giao dien Abis)
- Tao xung ong ho cho tat ca cac modul BTS, cac ong ho nay co the c ong
bo t mot ong ho tham chieu ben ngoai: Abis link, GPS, BTS khac, co the c
tao ra trong kieu xung roi bi mot bo phat tan so ben trong.
- Thc hien chng nang van hanh va bao dng cho BTS
- Quan ly ghep cac d lieu TCH, RSL, OML, Q
MUX

- ieu khien chc nang AC/DC khi chung c tch hp ben trong BTS
- ieu khien nguon (dung lng, ien ap, nhiet o)
- Thiet lap ien ap va dong cho viec nap pin.

2.2.2.Khoi TRE
KIEN TRUC C S CUA TRE
TRED
TREA
TREP
PSI
RFI
CLKI
BSII
BCB
PSWITCH
LEDS
DEBUG
RCD CUI I2CA


- RFI: giao dien nay c s dung e loop vong
- PSI: giao dien nay e cung cap nguon
- PRI: Power Supply & Remote Interface c s dung e phan phoi nguon.
- CUI: giao dien nay c s dung e tham nhap trc tiep en cac thanh phan khac
nhau cua TRE (truyen d lieu ieu khien, cau hnh gia TRED va TREA)
- CUI cung mang nhng tn hieu ong ho tham chieu en cac thanh phan cua TRE
- I2CE: giao dien nay c s dung e TRED nhan d lieu c lu tr tren TREA
- RCD: giao dien nay c s dung e thong bao viec kiem tra tn hieu DC t giao
dien RFI (TREA) en TRED
- ADR (Addressing)
- DEBUG: giao dien nay c s dung trong suot qua trnh phat trien e kiem tra
cac TRE (t MMI)
Modul TRE thc hien nhng chc nang Telecom
2.2.2.1.Chc Nang Cac Khoi Trong TRE
a. TRED:
He thong TRED chieu trach nhiem ve phan so cua TR:
+ X ly ieu khien va bao hieu, no chu trach nhiem quan ly cac chc nang
O&M cua TRE
+ Ghep kenh, nhay tan, mat ma va giai mat ma
+ Ma hoa (DEC)
+ Giai ieu che (DEM)
+ Ma hoa va phat (ENCT)
+ au cuoi BCB

b. TREA:
+ ieu che
+ ieu khien va bien oi cao tan phan phat (TXRFCC)
+ Tong hp phan phat (TXSYN)
+ Bien oi trung tan phan thu (RXIF)
+ Tong hp phan thu (RXSYN)
+ Giai ieu che trung tan (ISD)
+ RF loop
+ TRE PA board bao gom bo khuech ai cong suat, no am nhiem khuech ai
cong suat tn hieu cao tan bi TXRFCC. No cung cung cap VSWR va kiem tra
nguon, RF loop
c. TREP: Cung cap nguon cho TRE (DC/DC)

2.2.3.Khoi ANC
COMBINING MODE
Duplexer
Filter Filter
LNA
Spliter
Duplexer
Filter Filter
LNA
Spliter
Spliter Spliter Spliter Spliter WBC WBC
ANTA ANTB
TRE 1
TX RX RXd
TRE 2
TX RX RXd
TRE 3
RXd RX TX
TRE 4
RXd RX TX
Bridge Bridge


ANC ket noi 4 may phat en 2 antenna.
Phan phoi tn hieu nhan c t moi antenna en 4 may thu (thu thng va thu phan
tap)
Modul nay bao gom 2 cau truc giong nhau, moi cau truc bao gom:
+Antenna: no co chc nang la phat song ra moi trng vo tuyen va thu song
t may di ong phat en.
+ Mot khoi duplexer: dung e ket hp hai hng phat va thu tren cung mot
antenna.
+ Mot khoi LNA: khoi nay co chc nang khuech ai tn hieu ma antenna thu
c len mc u ln e cho TRE co the x l c.
+ Hai khoi Spliter: khoi nay co chc nang tach tn hieu thu cua 2 TRE.
+ WBC: bo nay co chc nang ket hp hai ng phat lai vi nhau e i tren
cung mot ng en bo duplexer. Thc te ta ch dung bo nay khi ta dung hn
2 TRX tren cung mot sector, neu khong dung ket hp th ta phai g cau ra va
ket noi trc tiep vi duplexer ma khong thong qua bo WBC.
Khi qua bo ANC tn hieu se b suy hao la 3.3dBm

3. NGUYEN LY HOAT ONG CUA BTS
3.1. Ket noi cac khoi chc nang trong he thong BTS
Giao tiep ben trong BTS c thc hien thong qua cac bus BCB va BSII.


BSII 1
BSII 2
BTS
TERM
Abis
KET NOI BEN TRONG
OMU
TRANS&
CLOCK
TRE
ANx
ANy
FACB
AC/DC&BATTEIES
ISL
ISL
ISL
ISL
ISL
TRE FW/SW
O&M/TELECOM
ANx FW
ISL
pilot
EBCB
BSC
OML/IOM/IOM-CONF
TCH/RSL

3.1.2. BCB(Base Station Control Bus):
BCB: Bus ieu khien BTS dc ket noi den tat ca cac module trong BTS.
No c s dung e trao oi thong tin gia SUMA va cac module khac. Bus nay ch
s dung cho muc ch van hanh va bao dng.
Luong thong tin
Bus BCB c xac lap hai che o o la master bus hay la slave bus. Master c
goi la pilot, slave c goi la terminal. Mot dung cu ac biet ben ngoai c ket noi
en XBCB co the c s dung nh la mot pilot.
Cho moi module, viec them vao hay lay ra c kiem tra bi viec quet cac bus ieu
khien.
Viec mat bat c ac tnh nao c cung cap bi BCB th khong gay ra loi trong qua
trnh hoat ong cua BTS nh la: canh bao, truy nhap remote inventory
Thong tin ve ban kiem ke module co the truy nhap tham ch khi module switch off.
Nhng ma SUMA phai c switch on.

3.1.2. BSII (Base Station Internal Interface):
BSII la giao dien chnh ben trong BTS
Luong thong tin
BSII c s dung e mang cac loai thong tin sau:
TCH
RSL
OML cho SUM_OMU
Cac bao hieu ben trong: phat quang ba t SUM_OMU en cac thc the c ket
noi en BSII cac thong tin IOM_CONF(thong tin ve cau hnh ), nhng thong
iep O&M ben trong gia OMU va TRE/Anx/TRANS&CLOCK, nhng thong
iep cho kiem tra.

3.2 Nguyen ly hoat ong cua BTS
Nguyen ly hoat ong cua BTS da tren qua trnh x ly cac tn hieu ma no nhan c
t may di ong va t BSC.
3.2.1.Tn Hieu T BSC Gi en
Tn hieu t BSC a ti BTS thong qua giao dien Abis tren ng truyen PCM gom
co cac tn hieu sau:
-tn hieu thoai TCH (traffic channel)
-tn hieu bao hieu RSL (radio signalling link)
-tn hieu van hanh bao dng OML (operation maintenance link)
-tn hieu truyen dan Qmux
Cac tn hieu nay c phan bo tren khung PCM nh sau:


TS0
TS31
OML
RSL
SYN
TCH TCH
TCH
TCH TCH
TCH TCH TCH
Qmux
CAU TRUC KHUNG PCM TREN GIAO DIEN ABIS


Trong cau truc khung PCM th khe thi gian TS0 c s dung cho muc ch
ong bo.
TS1 dc s dung e truyen tn hieu Qmux.
Cac khe thi gian con lai c s dung e truyen d lieu TCH, tn hieubao
hieuvo tuyen va tn hieu van hanh bao dng( RSL/OML).
Cac khe thi gian trong khung PCM c chia thanh 4 nibble moi nibble 16Kbps
c s dung cho mot kenh lu lng TCH.
Trong khung PCM giao dien Abis th mot RSL chiem toan bo mot khe thi gian
trong khung va so RSL phu thuoc vao so TRX ma mot BTS co. Tc la so lng
cua RSL se bang so TRX.
Trong khung PCM con co tn hieu OML tn hieu nay s dung trong qua trnh khai
thac va bao dng. Mot OML se chiem mot TS trong khung PCM va so lng
ng OML se phu thuoc vao so BTS. Moi OML se phuc vu ch cho mot BTS.
Ngoai ra trong BTS cai tien cung cap ghep kenh thong ke. Tc la s dung khe
thi gian 64Kbps s dung truyen cho 4RSL va 1OML, tc la thc hien qua trnh
ghep 4 RSL vi 1OML.
Cung cap ng truyen Qmux qua giao dien abis:
o Trong qua trnh hoat ong ngoai nhng thong tin bao hieu va thong tin ve van
hanh va bao dng th BTS cung can c ieu khien bi BSC. Qua trnh
ieu khien nay c thc hien bi khoi TSC cua BSC. Lenh ieu khien nay
c a vao khung thi gian PCM khe thi gian TS1. Tn hieu nay chiem 1
nibble 16Kbps. Thong qua giao dien Abis no se gii tn hieu ieu khien en
khoi TRANS.

Cac tn hieu nay au tien c a en khoi SUMA va ket cuoi tai phan truyen dan
cua khoi nay, sau o no a en cac khoi chc nang khac e s ly nh sau:
Tn hieu Qmux c ket cuoi tai phan truyen dan, e thc hien qua trnh ieu
khien truyen dan.
Cac tn hieu ve van hanh bao dng th ket cuoi tai khoi OMU, khoi nhan
thong tin O&M, x ly va a ra cac lenh lien quan en qua trnh van hanh
bao dng.
Cac tn hieu ve lu lng va bao hieu se c a en khoi TRE ay se
thc hien qua trnh x ly thoai va sau o a en ANC roi ti antenna roi
phat ra moi trng vo tuyen.

3.2.2. Tn Hieu Thu T May Di ong MS (Mobile Station)

Tn hieu thu c t MS qua antenna cua BTS va sau o c truyen xuong khoi
Anc, khoi nay se loc, khuech ai tap am thap(LNA) va chia cac tn hieu thu
(spliters), sau khi c x ly khoi Anc tn hieu tiep tuc c a en khoi th hai
o la khoi TRE, ay la khoi chu trach nhiem chu yeu ve qua trnh x ly thoai nh
la giai ieu che, giai nh dang cum, giai ma hoa kenh va giai ma hoa thoai. Tn
hieu sau o c a en khoi SUMA tai ay no thc hien qua trnh ghep cac tn
hieu cac tn hieu lai tren khung PCM, qua trnh nay c thc hien tai phan truyen
dan(transmission) sau o qua giao dien Abis se gi en BSC.