Experiment No.

 Determination of cold crushing

strength of refractory brick
Experiment No.1
Cold crushing strength of a refractory brick is gross compressive
stress required to cause fracture. Maximum Structural load
that a material can withstand without fracture.

S=W/A

S=C.C.S. in psi or kg/cm2

W=total maximum load
A = average of gross area (in2 or cm2)

Apparatus: Universal testing machine

Experiment No.2

 Determination of open and closed

pores of refractory brick
Density of porous solids

Apparent density: mass of material per unit external

volume
True density: mass per unit real volume
Experiment No.2

The amount of total pores can be found out by

the equation, P=[true density-bulk
density]/true density

P = the percentage of total pores to the bulk

The number of closed pores is found out by

deducting the amount of open pores from that
of total pores.
 Calculation:

Volume of the block,V1

Wt of the block in air, W1
Wt of the block after boiling, W2
Wt of water absorbed =W2-W1 [gm]
Volume of water absorbed [cc]= Volume of open pores, V2
% of open pores = V2/V1 X100
Calculation:

Apparent density, δ1=W1/V1 gm/cc= x1 gm/cc

Wt of pycnometer bottle + stopper, W3
Wt of pycnometer bottle + stopper+sample, W4
Wt of pycnometer bottle + stopper+sample+water, W5

Wt of sample = W4-W3
Wt of water = W5-W4=Volume of water
Volume of samples =(50-V3) cc
True density, δ2 = (W4-W3)/(50-V3)=x2 gm/cc
Experiment No.3

 Measurement of Spalling
resistance
Experiment No.3
Fracture of the refractory brick or block due to uneven
heating and cooling

Weight of the block before heating and cooling=W1 gm

Weight of the block after heating and cooling=W2 gm
%Wt loss = [W1-W2/W1]X100
Experiment No.4

 Measurement of Thermal
Conductivity