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, 2010

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15 2010.
, 2010


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Copyright . , 2010
. All rights reserved.
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5

Abstract
The project focuses in the investigation of substations configurations and in the
comparison of them, by taking into account several factors that affect their choice in
substations in transmission system.
In chapter one, we have a description of the transmission of electricity and a reference
of the basic utility and destination of a new substation.
In chapter two there is a presentation of different kinds of substations, giving special
emphasis to transmission substations.
In chapter three there is a reference in basic equipment of a transmission substation
and a description of the components, whose continuous operation is important for the
operation of the substation as a whole.
In chapter four we present the parameters of a substations design and the standards
of the selection of a substations configuration.
In chapter five there is an analysis of all kind of configuration of transmission
substations, with a reference in their method of operation and their advantages and
disadvantages.
In chapter six different types of bus protection is presented for all kinds of
configurations.
In chapter seven we have a comparison of the different configurations by several
factors that affect their selection in each substation, such as reliability, cost, extent of
ground etc. Finally we present the conclusions that come from the comparison above.
Keywords:

Configuration, Types of Substations Configuration, Reliability of

Apparatus, Parameters of the selection of Substations Configuration, Arrangements

Comparison.

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Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 6
1. ................................................................................................................. 12
2. . .................................... 14
2.1 ................................................................................................................. 14
2.2 .......................................................... 15
2.3 ......................................................................................................... 18
2.3.1 .......................................................................................................... 18
2.3.2 ..................................................................................... 20
2.3.2.1 / ........................................................................................ 20
2.3.2.2 / ......................................................................................... 21
2.3.2.3 / ........................................................................................ 22
2.3.3 .............................................................................. 22
2.3.3.1 150kV/. ....................................... 24
2.3.3.2 150/20 kV ................................... 26
2.3.3.3 (..) ....................................................... 31
2.3.4 SF6 (GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION) ...... 33
2.3.4.1 GIS...................................... 34
2.3.4.2 ....................................................................... 35
2.3.4.3 ............................................................................................ 36
2.3.4.4 - .......................................................................... 37
2.3.4.5 37
3. ......................................................................................... 39
3.1 ............................................................................................................ 39
3.2 (/) ..................................................................................... 39
8

3.3 ....................................................................................... 43
3.4 ................................................................................................ 44
3.4.1 ...................................................................... 49
3.4.1.1 ................................................................................................... 49
3.4.1.2 ............................................. 51
3.5 ................................................................................................................... 53
3.5.1 .......................................................................................................... 53
3.5.2 T ................................................................................................. 53
3.5.3 .......................................................................................... 54
3.5.4 ........................................... 55
3.6 ......................................................................................................... 56
3.7 ..................................................................................................... 57
3.7.1 .................................................. 58
3.8 ......................................................................................................... 59
3.8.1 ................................................................... 59
3.8.2 ................................................................... 59
3.9 - ............................................................. 60
4 . ....................................... 61
4.1 /. ................................................................................... 61
4.2 ........................................................................... 62
4.3 /. ...................................................................... 66
4.4 .......................................................................... 69
5. .................................................................................. 72
5.1 ............................................................................................ 72
5.2 ..................................................................... 76
5.3 ................................................... 78
5.4 ........................................................................... 81
9

5.5 1.5 (breaker and a half) ........................................................ 87

5.6 ,

(Breaker and a third bus

arrangement)............................................................................................................. 95
5.7 . .................................... 97
5.8 .............................. 101
5.9 .......................................................................... 102
5.10. ................................................................. 104
6. ............................................................................................ 106
6.1 .......................................................................................................... 106
6.2 . ........................................................................ 108
6.3 . ................................................................... 110
6.4 ............................................... 110
6.5 . ......... 112
6.6 - . ........................................ 114
6.7 - . ..................................... 116
6.8 . ..................................................... 116
6.9 1.5 ................................................................... 119
6.10 . ........... 119
6.11 ....................................................................... 122
6.12 .......................................................................... 124
6.12.1 . ........... 124
6.12.2 . .................. 126
6.12.3 ............ 127
6.12.4 . .............................. 130
6.13 . ............................ 130
6.13.1 . ......................................................... 131
6.13.2 . ........................................................ 131
10

6.13.3 . ................................................................ 133

6.14 . ............................................................................. 136
7. . ................................. 137
7.1 . ....................................... 137
7.2 (service
continuity). ............................................................................................................. 139
7.3 . ................................. 141
7.4 . ............................................................ 142
7.5 . ................ 144
8. ....................................................................................................... 147
9. ......................................................................................................... 149
......................................................................................... 151
................................................................................... 152
................................................................................... 154

11

1.

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4. 20 kV / 20 kV, 1200
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20 kV.
20 kV /
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20 kV 20 kV, 2000 .
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950/0.58 15 kV, 720/ 0.58 20 kV
20 kV, 400/1
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6. 20 kV ( 15 kV) , , 20
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20 kV 1200 , 500 MVA
/ 950/0.58 15 kV, 720/ 0.58 20 kV
600-400-200/5 400/1 600-400-200/5
20 kV. 15 kV
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400kV 150 kV
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400 kV.

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 2.2 .. ( ... ..)

2.3.4
SUBSTATION)

SF6

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INSULATED

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72 Kv 800 kV .[19]
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SF6

(Air Insulated
Substations).

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LCC= CI +CP +CR +CO +OC +CD,

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30/24
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55

 30/24 / 10/12.5 MVA, 60/52 / 20/25 MVA,

80/70 / 40/50 MVA. 20/16
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86

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9.

1. -, , , ,
, .
2. , . ,
1993.
3. ,
. , 1985.
4. Electric Power Substations Engineering , Second Edition , John D.McDonald
5. THE APPLICATION OF MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS TO SUBSTATION
DESIGN IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 3, August 1998
6. . , ,
1996
7. Substation Bus Arrangement Guideline Working Group Report Presented to the
NEPOOL Reliability Committee April 4, 2006.
8. . , . , ,
2001
9. Composite Reliability Evaluation Model for Different Types of Distribution
Systems IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 18, NO. 2, MAY
2003
10.500-kV AC Substation Design Criteria Summary of Industry Practices
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. PAS88, NO. 6, JUNE 1969
11. Substation Expansion, Reliability, and Transformer Loading Policy Analysis
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. PAS88, NO. 8, AUGUST 1969
12. Substation Reliability Evaluation Including Switching Actions with Redundant
Components IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No. 4, October 1997
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13. Reliability of Substation Configurations Daniel Nack, Iowa State University,

2005
14. , 1994
15. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF OUTDOOR AC
SUBSTATIONS CIGRE, Working Group 23.03, August 2000
16. QUESTIONNAIRE CONCERNING ASPECTS ON PLANNING, DESIGN,
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FUTURE SUBSTATION CIGRE,
Working Group 23.01, August 2000
17. , , 1985

18. The impact of new functionalities on substation design TECHNICAL
BROCHURE, No 244-June 2009 ELECTRA 45
19. GIS-State of the Art 2008 TECHNICAL BROCHURE, No 244-June 2009
ELECTRA 51
20. --
, , ,

21. 400 kV
1995, .
, .., ..
22.

. , .
23. Switchgear and Protection U.A Bakshi, M.V. Bakshi, Technical Publications
Pune
24. Power System Protection P.M. Anderson, IEEE PRESS SERIES ON POWER
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25. Protective Relaying: Principles and applications, Second Edition, J. Lewis
Blackburn
26. Protective Relaying Theory and Applications Second Edition, Revised and
Expanded, Walter A. Elmore

150


,
/
.. .
, / 20 kV
, - 150
kV. .

151

152

153

154

155

156