Nipples

At one end of each spoke is a specialized nut, called a nipple, which is used to connect the spoke to
the rim and adjust the tension in the spoke. The nipple is usually located at the rim end of the spoke
but on some wheels is at the hub end to move its weight closer to the axis of the wheel, reducing
the moment of inertia.
Until recently

there were only two types of nipples: brass and aluminum (often referred to as "alloy").
Brass nipples are heavier than aluminum, but they are more durable. Aluminum nipples save weight,
but they are less durable than brass and more likely to corrode.
A nipple at the rim of a wheel usually protrudes from the rim towards the center of the wheel, but in
racing wheels may be internal to the rim, offering a slight

aerodynamic advantage.









VALVE

The Presta valve (also called Sclaverand valve
[1]
or French valve) is a valve commonly found in
high pressure road style and some mountain bicycle inner tubes. It comprises an outer valve
stem and an inner valve body. A lock nut to secure the stem at the wheel rim and a valve cap may
also be present.
The outer valve stem is manufactured in various lengths for different applications, and has a
narrower diameter (6 mm) than the Schrader valve (8 mm)). The weakest point of a bicycle rim is
usually the hole for the valve stem. The smaller hole for a Presta valve makes it possible to have
extremely narrow wheels while maintaining sufficient strength in the wheel.