HOUSE OF SCIENCE

086-027-7600, 02-611-6166
.- .

s-ER

r-ER

PROKARYOTIC
CELL

BACTERIA

-

*
-

**

BLUE-GREEN
ALGAE

**

53

1.1 (CELL WALL)

:

&
PEPTIDOGLYCAN

()

PLASMODESMATA

DOUBLE
MEMBRANE
ORGANELLE

R-ER

MATRIX

CRISTAE

1.MITOCHONDRIA

S-ER

2.CHLOROPLAST:
2.CHLOROPLAST:
PLASTID
LEUCOPLAST
CHROMOPLAST

d.CHROMATIN

c.NUCLEOLUS

CHLOROPLAST

3.NUCLEUS
a.NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE
b.NUCLEOPLASM

54

-
- (MORPHOGENESIS)
- REGENERATION

SINGLE
MEMBRANE
ORGANELLE

ER - /
-
Nuclear memb.
- 2 RER
SER

- CELL SAP
-TONOPLAST

VACUOLE

-
- PIGMENT :
-OSMOREGULATION/CONTRACTILE
VACUOLE
- FOOD VACUOLE (PHAGOCYTIC VACUOLE)

ROUGH ER
SMOOTH ER

DISACCHARIDE/OLIGOSACCHARIDE

MONOSACCHARIDE

- GLYCOSIDIC BOND

15

POLYSACCHARIDE

16

: NEURON
DENDRITE
AXON
Myelin

Node of Ranvier

node of Ranvier

Nerve cell body

55

MULTIPOLAR
NEURON

Cranial & spinal nerve

(Motor pathway)
(Sensory pathway)

Central Nervous System ( CNS)

UNIPOLAR
NEURON

(Brain) (Spinal Cord)

BIPOLAR
NEURON

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System
ANS(Involuntary)
SNS(Voluntary)

(Sympathetic Nervous System) (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

20

PAT 2 .. 52

Hormone

1.

1.
2.
3.
4.

22

FSH LH ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE

c

(13
)
d (14

1
)
e (13

: parathy, adrenal cortex, Islets of Langerhans

: thyroid
: Islets of Langerhans
: adrenal cortex
: anterior pituitary
&:

56

2.

:
: Interstitial of Leydig
The Master gland: Pituitary
The r gland of emergency: Adrenal medulla

1.
2.
3.

4 . 2
1
3.

DNA NUCLEOTIDE
10 NUCLEOTIDE

DNA DOUBLE
HELIX

3.4 nm.
= 34A

II.
Nitrogenous
base

2nm

III.
DEOXYRIBOSE
SUGAR

NUCLEOSIDE = sugar+base
27

NITROGENOUS
BASES

SUGAR + Phos.
Phos.

2 DNA RNA
DNA
RNA

Deoxyribose

Ribose

A, G, C, T

ATCG

= A+G/T+C=1 //
A+G/T+C 1

57

A, G, C, U

A+G/U+C
1 A+G/U+C=1

> DNA 5 - 10

 RNA, , ,
RNA
1. rRNA

3.
1.

2.

3.
400 500 630 700

4.

80-85

2. tRNA

- mRNA

10-15

- Anticodon

Codon mRNA

- m-RNA

3. mRNA 5-10 -

DNA
-

75-3,000

1.

Photosynthesis

Here is the Photosynthesis Equation

unique to plants/plantlike organisms

+ 6H2O

is a food-making process:

O
C
C

energy from
Sun

glucose
and
oxygen

H
H

O
O

O
C

4. to create glucose
(simple sugar, food)

carbon
dioxide
from air

3. and carbon dioxide

6O2

2. add water

H
O

O
O

C6H12O6

H
H
H

1. chlorophyll traps sunlight energy

energy
from
Sun

O
C

chlorophyll

+ light energy

6CO2

Photosynthesis making from sunlight

O
O

5. plus oxygen
water from soil

1 LIGHT REACTION

Accessory Pigment
Carotenoids carotenes &
xanthophylls

bacterioc
carotene
hloro
phylls beta-carotene
a-d

Brown
algae,
unicellular
algae
diatom

2 DARK REACTION

Xanthophylls
(carotenols)

36

58

CALVINS CYCLE 1
CHLOROPLAST
STROMA
RUBISCO
6(C5)RIBULOSE 1,5BI
PHOSPHATE (RuBP)
6ADP
6ATP

12ATP

CARBON
FIXATION

PGA
KINASE

Photosynthsis Blue
green
bact.
algae

12ADP

12(C3)DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE
12NADPH
12NADP+
REVERSE OF
PGA dehydrogenase

GLYCOLYSIS

12Pi

12(C3)GLYCERALDEHYDE PHOSPHATE (PGAL)

1 (C6) GLUCOSE

12(C3)PHOSPHOGLYCERATE (PGA)

REFORMING
RuBP

10(C3)GLYCERALDEHYDE
PHOSPHATE (PGAL)

CO2
C4 2 2

6CO2

Thylakoid
Light reaction
Non-cyclic

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

Stroma

Dark reaction

Photophosphorylation

Photosystem I & II

Photosystem I (PSI)

2(C3) PGAL

C3 1

Bundle
sheath cell

O2 &

ATP

ATP,NADPH.H+

PAT2 8 ..52
4.

1.
2.
3.

N2 FIXING BACTERIA
FREE LIVING

4.

MUTUA LISM

1.

5.

METABOLISM

1. ANABOLISM
2. CATABOLISM

1.
2.
3.

1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle

3. AcetylCoA formation
4. Electron Transport Chain

4.

1.

59

Pyruvic acid
Acetyl CoA

086-027-7600

60