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ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ ﺑﻴﺮ ،ﺟﺎﻧﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺰﻧﺒﺮﮒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻠﺐ ﺣﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻡ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘ ﹺﺮ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ،ﺑﻪ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ
ﺵ ﺣﻞ ،ﺑﻪ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ،ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮ ﹺ
ﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘ ﹺﺮ ﺭﻭ ﹺ
ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮ ﹺ
"ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ" ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ.
http://mmnrecipes.blogspot.com
ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ 2
AD = b 2 + L2 − 2bL cos θ
b AD b b
= ⇒ sin α = sin θ ⇒ cos α = 1 − ( sin θ ) 2
sin α sin θ AD AD
M
∑ M B = 0 ⇒ − M B + F cos α .L = 0 ⇒ F = L cosB α
∑ M A = 0 ⇒ M A − F .AD = 0 ⇒ M A = F . AD
. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺍﻳﻢ،ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ
% stat6c5
% Beer, Johnston & Eisenberg, 7th ed., Page: 350
%
% Solution by: Mehdi Mosafer
% http://mmnrecipes.blogspot.com
clear,close all
L=10; % in
b=6; % in
MB=25;% lb.in
teta=linspace(0,120)*pi/180;
AD=sqrt(b^2+L^2-2*b*L*cos(teta));
calfa=sqrt(1-(b*sin(teta)./AD).^2);
F=MB./(L*calfa);
MA=F.*AD;
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(teta*180/pi,MA)
grid
xlabel('\theta [^o]')
ylabel('M_A [lb.in]')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(teta*180/pi,F)
grid
xlabel('\theta [^o]')
ylabel('F [lb]')
40
30
]MA [lb.in
20
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
o
] [θ
3.2
3
]F [lb
2.8
2.6
2.4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
o
] [θ
ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ 4
⎧ π
⎪ 5 0 ≤θ <
4
⎪ 28θ π π
⎪− 2 + ≤θ <
⎪ π 4 2
⎪ 9+ 6 θ π
≤θ <π
⎪ π
P (θ ) = ⎨ 2
4π
⎪ 15 π ≤θ <
⎪ 3
⎪ 21θ 4π 5π
⎪ 43 − ≤θ <
π 3 3
⎪ 9θ 5π
ﭘﻴﮑﺮ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ⎪ 23 − ≤ θ ≤ 2π
⎩ π 3
L b b b
= ⇒ sin α = sin θ ⇒ cos α = 1 − sin 2 α = 1 − ( sin θ ) 2
sin θ sin α L L
P
for piston : ∑ Fx = 0 ⇒ FBC cos α − P = 0 ⇒ FBC =
cos α
for crank : ∑ M A = 0 ⇒ − M + FBC cos αb sin θ + FBC sin αb cos θ = 0
Pb 2 sin 2θ
⇒ M = FBC cos αb sin θ + FBC sin αb cos θ = Pb sin θ +
2 L2 − (b sin θ ) 2
clear,close all
teta=linspace(0,2*pi);
P=P6c6(teta);
L=200e-3;% m
b=90e-3; % m
F_BC=P./sqrt(1-(b*sin(teta)/L).^2);
M=b*sin(teta).*(P+b*F_BC.*cos(teta)/L);
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(teta*180/pi,P)
set(gca,'XTick',[0,1/4,1/2,1,4/3,5/3,2]*180,'YTick',[0,5,8,12,15])
grid, axis([0 360 0 16])
xlabel('\theta [^o]')
ylabel('P [N]')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(teta*180/pi,M)
set(gca,'XTick',[0,1/4,1/2,1,4/3,5/3,2]*180)
grid, axis([0 360 -inf inf])
xlabel('\theta [^o]')
ylabel('M [N.m]')
5 ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ
. ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖP(θ ) ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔP6c6 ﺗﺎﺑﻊ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ
function P=P6c6(teta)
P=zeros(size(teta));
ind=find((teta>=0)&(teta<pi/4));
P(ind)=5*ones(size(ind));
ind=find((teta>=pi/4)&(teta<pi/2));
P(ind)=5+28*(teta(ind)-pi/4)/pi;
ind=find((teta>=pi/2)&(teta<pi));
P(ind)=12+6*(teta(ind)-pi/2)/pi;
ind=find((teta>=pi)&(teta<4*pi/3));
P(ind)=15*ones(size(ind));
ind=find((teta>=4*pi/3)&(teta<5*pi/3));
P(ind)=15-21*(teta(ind)-4*pi/3)/pi;
ind=find((teta>=5*pi/3)&(teta<=2*pi));
P(ind)=8-9*(teta(ind)-5*pi/3)/pi;
15
12
P [N]
0
0 45 90 180 240 300 360
o
θ[ ]
1
0.5
M [N.m]
-0.5
-1
0 45 90 180 240 300 360
o
θ[ ]
ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ 6
∑F x′ = 0 ⇒ D y sin θ − D x cos θ = 0
⇒ D y = D x cot θ
h − L cos θ L
d= cos θ − L sin θ = h cot θ −
sin θ sin θ
7 ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ
∑M A = 0 ⇒ h.D x + d .D y − M = 0
M = h.D x + d .D y =
L
= h.D x + (h cot θ − ) D x cot θ =
sin θ
h − L cos θ D x
= .
sin θ sin θ
clear,close all
teta=linspace(15,90)*pi/180;
Dx=37.5;% lb
h =5; % in
L =4; % in
M =(h-L*cos(teta))*Dx./sin(teta).^2;
[Mmin,ind]=min(M);
tetam=teta(ind);
plot(teta*180/pi,M,tetam*180/pi,Mmin,'o')
set(gca,'XTick',[15:15:45,tetam*180/pi,75,90],...
'YTick',[150,310,475,636])
grid, axis([10 95 100 685])
xlabel('\theta [^o]')
ylabel('M [lb.in]')
636
475
]M [lb.in
310
150
4a 2 n 4 n2
clear,close all
L=48; % m
w=1500;% N/m
a=3.6; % m
n=2:6;
xA=-L*(sqrt(n+1)-1)./n;
xB=L*(n+1-sqrt(n+1))./n;
T0=w*xA.^2/(2*a);
Tmax=sqrt(T0.^2+(w*xB).^2);
plot(n,Tmax,'o:')
set(gca,'XTick',n,'YTick',sort(Tmax))
grid
xlabel('n')
ylabel('T_{max} [N]')
4
x 10
7.8861
]Tmax [N
7.1753
6.7647
6.5125
6.3516
7ـﮎ 7ﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ 30 mﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ 0.3 kg/mﺑﻪ ﺗﮑﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ Aﻭ ﺑﻮﺵ Bﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ Pﻭﺍﺭﺩ
ﺑﺮ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ 0ﺗﺎ ،75 Nﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻫﺎﻱ ،5 Nﺭﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ ،ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ،ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ:
)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺧﻴﺰ ) ،hﺏ( ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ Lﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ.
clear,clc
g=9.81; % m/s^2
w=0.3*g; % N/m
sT=30; % m
P=(5:5:75)';% N
sB=sT/2;
c=P/w;
h=-c+sqrt(c.^2+sB^2);
L=2*c.*asinh(sB./c);
P(1)=0;h(1)=15;L(1)=0;
disp(' -----------------------------')
disp(' P [N] h [m] L [m]')
disp(' -----------------------------')
disp([P,h,L])
L/2 h 1 c
h = c cosh( ) ⇒ h = = c cosh( ) ; c =
c L 2c L
s AB L/2 s 1
= c sinh( ) ⇒ s AB = AB = 2c sinh( )
2 c L 2c
T
T0 = ωc = m' gc ⇒ T0 = 0 = c
m' gL
T 1
Tmax = ωy B = m' g (c + h) ⇒ Tmax = max = c + h = c [1 + cosh( )]
m' gL 2c
clear,clc
disp(' -----------------------------------------------------')
disp(' c/L h/L sAB/L T0/(m''gL) Tmax/(m''gL)')
disp(' -----------------------------------------------------')
disp([cbar,hbar,sABbar,T0bar,Tmaxbar])
13 ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ
TB
1 .2
TB = ωy B ⇒ y B = =
= 6 ft
ω 0 .2
y A | 0 − y B = 2 ⇒ y A | 0 = y B + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8 ft
y A − h = y A | 0 − h | 0 = 8 − 4 = 4 ⇒ y A = h + 4 ft
T A = ωy A = 0.2 y A lb
clear,close all
w=0.2;
h=linspace(4,16);
yA=h+4;
TA=w*yA;
plot(h,TA)
xlabel('h [ft]')
ylabel('T_A [lb]')
3.5
3
TA [lb]
2.5
1.5
4 6 8 10 12 14 16
h [ft]
15 ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ
L b b b
= ⇒ sin α = sin θ ⇒ cos α = 1 − sin 2 α = 1 − ( sin θ ) 2
sin θ sin α L L
b 2 sin θ cos θ
xC = b cos θ + L cos α = b cos θ + L − (b sin θ ) ⇒ δxC = (−b sin θ −
2 2
)δθ
L2 − (b sin θ ) 2
b 2 sin θ cos θ
δU = − Mδθ − P.δxC = − M .δθ + P.(b sin θ + )δθ = 0
L2 − (b sin θ ) 2
M b cos θ
⇒ = b sin θ (1 + )
P L2 − (b sin θ ) 2
clear,close all
b=48e-3; % m
L=150e-3;% m
teta=linspace(0,pi);
ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ 16
MperP=b*sin(teta).*(1+b*cos(teta)./sqrt(L^2-(b*sin(teta)).^2));
[Mmax,ind]=max(MperP);
tetam=teta(ind);
MperPm=b*sin(tetam)*(1+b*cos(tetam)/sqrt(L^2-(b*sin(tetam))^2));
plot(teta*180/pi,MperP,tetam*180/pi,MperPm,'o',...
[teta(1),tetam,tetam]*180/pi,[MperPm,MperPm,MperP(1)],':')
title(['(M/P)_{max} = ',num2str(MperPm),' m at \theta = ',...
num2str(tetam*180/pi),'^o'])
xlabel('\theta [^o]')
ylabel('M/P [m]')
0.05
0.04
M/P [m]
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
o
θ[ ]
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ. ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻢ،• ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ
. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻡ... ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ
17 ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ
• ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ،ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺧﻮﺩﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ؛ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ
ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ.
• ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﺯ
ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻡ؛ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ،ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ.
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﻜﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ
ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ.
• ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ.
• ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ،ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ.
http://mmnrecipes.blogspot.com
ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ
)ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ(
mmnrecipes@yahoo.com
ﺩﺳﺘﻤﺎﻳﻪ:
(aﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ؛ ﺷﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺘﻠﺐ ،ﭼﺎﭖ ﺩﻭﻡ ،ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮﺍﻥ.1384 ،
(bﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﻦﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺎﮐﻮﺋﻲ ،ﻫﻮﺷﻨﮓ ﻃﺎﻫﺮﻱ ،ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻧﻴﺎ؛ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎﺕ ،ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ
ﺭﺷﺘﺔ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮏ ،ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ.1369 ،
(cﺑﻴﺮ ،ﺟﺎﻧﺴﺘﻮﻥ ،ﺍﻳﺰﻧﺒﺮﮒ؛ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮏ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ،ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﮏ ،ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ،ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ،ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮﺍﻥ.1383 ،
d) Beer, Johnston, Eisenberg; Vector Mechanics for Engineers, Statics, 7th ed., Mc Graw Hill, 2004.