Bé gi¸o dôc vµ ®µo t¹o kú thi tuyÓn sinh ®¹i häc, cao ®¼ng n¨m 2003

−−−−−−−−−−−−− ®¸p ¸n −thang ®iÓm

®Ò thi chÝnh thøc M«n thi : to¸n Khèi D

Néi dung ®iÓm

C©u 1. 2®iÓm
x2 − 2 x + 4
1) Kh¶o s¸t sù biÕn thiªn vµ vÏ ®å thÞ cña hµm sè y = . 1 ®iÓm
x−2
TËp x¸c ®Þnh : R \{ 2 }.
x2 − 2 x + 4 4
Ta cã y = = x+ .
x−2 x−2
4 x2 − 4 x x=0
y ' = 1− = . y'= 0 ⇔ 
( x − 2) 2
( x − 2) 2
 x = 4. 0,25®
4
lim [ y − x ] = lim = 0 ⇒ tiÖm cËn xiªn cña ®å thÞ lµ: y = x ,
x →∞ x →∞ x − 2
lim y = ∞ ⇒ tiÖm cËn ®øng cña ®å thÞ lµ: x = 2 .
x→2
B¶ng biÕn thiªn:

x −∞ 0 2 4 +∞
y’ + 0 − − 0 +
−2 +∞ +∞
y C§ CT 0,5®
−∞ −∞ 6
§å thÞ kh«ng c¾t trôc hoµnh.
§å thÞ c¾t trôc tung t¹i ®iÓm (0; −2).
y

2
O 2 4 0,25®
x
−2

2) 1 ®iÓm
§−êng th¼ng d m c¾t ®å thÞ hµm sè (1) t¹i 2 ®iÓm ph©n biÖt
4
⇔ ph−¬ng tr×nh x + = mx + 2 − 2m cã hai nghiÖm ph©n biÖt kh¸c 2 0,5®
x−2
⇔ (m − 1)( x − 2)2 = 4 cã hai nghiÖm ph©n biÖt kh¸c 2 ⇔ m − 1 > 0 ⇔ m > 1. 0,5®
VËy gi¸ trÞ m cÇn t×m lµ m > 1.
1
C©u 2. 2®iÓm
x π x
1) Gi¶i ph−¬ng tr×nh sin 2  −  tg 2 x − cos 2 = 0 (1) 1 ®iÓm
2 4 2
§iÒu kiÖn: cos x ≠ 0 (*). Khi ®ã
1  π   sin 2 x 1
(1) ⇔ 1 − cos  x −  = (1 + cos x ) ⇔ (1 − sin x ) sin 2 x = (1 + cos x ) cos 2 x
2  2
2   cos x 2
⇔ (1 − sin x ) (1 − cos x)(1 + cos x) = (1 + cos x ) (1 − sin x)(1 + sin x)
⇔ (1 − sin x ) (1 + cos x)(sin x + cos x) = 0 0,5®
 π
 x = + k 2π
 sin x = 1 2
 
⇔ cos x = −1 ⇔  x = π + k 2π ( k ∈ Z) . 0,25®
 tgx = −1  π
 x = − + kπ
 4
 x = π + k 2π
KÕt hîp ®iÒu kiÖn (*) ta ®−îc nghiÖm cña ph−¬ng tr×nh lµ:  ( k ∈ Z) . 0,25®
 x = − π + kπ
 4
2 2
2) Gi¶i ph−¬ng tr×nh 2 x − x − 22 + x − x = 3 (1). 1 ®iÓm
2
§Æt t = 2 x − x ⇒ t > 0 .
4
Khi ®ã (1) trë thµnh t − = 3 ⇔ t 2 − 3t − 4 = 0 ⇔ (t + 1)(t − 4) = 0 ⇔ t = 4 (v× t > 0 ) 0,5®
t
2  x = −1
VËy 2 x − x = 4 ⇔ x 2 − x = 2 ⇔ 
 x = 2.
 x = −1 0,5®
Do ®ã nghiÖm cña ph−¬ng tr×nh lµ 
 x = 2.
C©u 3. 3®iÓm
1) 1 ®iÓm
Tõ (C ) : ( x − 1) 2 + ( y − 2)2 = 4 suy ra (C ) cã t©m I (1; 2) vµ b¸n kÝnh R = 2.
uur
§−êng th¼ng d cã vÐct¬ ph¸p tuyÕn lµ n = (1; −1). Do ®ã ®−êng th¼ng ∆ ®i qua
x −1 y − 2
I (1; 2) vµ vu«ng gãc víi d cã ph−¬ng tr×nh: = ⇔ x+ y −3 = 0.
1 −1
Täa ®é giao ®iÓm H cña d vµ ∆ lµ nghiÖm cña hÖ ph−¬ng tr×nh:
 x − y −1 = 0 x = 2
 ⇔  ⇒ H (2;1).
x + y − 3 = 0  y =1
Gäi J lµ ®iÓm ®èi xøng víi I (1; 2) qua d . Khi ®ã
 x J = 2 xH − xI = 3
 ⇒ J (3;0) . 0,5
y
 J = 2 x H − x I = 0
V× (C ') ®èi xøng víi (C ) qua d nªn (C ') cã t©m lµ J (3;0) vµ b¸n kÝnh R = 2.
0,25®
Do ®ã (C ') cã ph−¬ng tr×nh lµ: ( x − 3)2 + y 2 = 4 .
Täa ®é c¸c giao ®iÓm cña (C ) vµ (C ') lµ nghiÖm cña hÖ ph−¬ng tr×nh:
( x − 1)2 + ( y − 2) 2 = 4  x − y − 1 = 0  y = x −1  x = 1, y = 0
 ⇔ 2 2
⇔  2
⇔ 
 ( x − 3)2 + y 2 = 4 ( x − 3) + y = 4 2 x − 8 x + 6 = 0  x = 3, y = 2.
0,25®
VËy täa ®é giao ®iÓm cña (C ) vµ (C ') lµ A(1;0) vµ B (3; 2).

2
2) uur 1 ®iÓm
Ta cã cÆp vect¬ ph¸p tuyÕn cña hai mÆt ph¼ng x¸c ®Þnh d k lµ n1 = (1;3k ; −1)
uur r
vµ n2 = (k ; −1;1) . Vect¬ ph¸p tuyÕn cña ( P) lµ n = (1; −1; −2) .
§−êng th¼ng d k cã vect¬ chØ ph−¬ng lµ:
r uur uur r
u =  n1, n2  = (3k − 1; − k − 1; −1 − 3k 2 ) ≠ 0 ∀ k . 0,5®

r r 3k − 1 − k − 1 −1 − 3k 2
Nªn d k ⊥ ( P) ⇔ u || n ⇔ = = ⇔ k = 1. 0,5 ®
1 −1 −2
VËy gi¸ trÞ k cÇn t×m lµ k = 1.

3) 1 ®iÓm
C P Ta cã (P) ⊥ (Q) vµ ∆ = (P) ∩ (Q), mµ
AC ⊥ ∆ ⇒ AC ⊥(Q) ⇒AC ⊥ AD, hay
H CAD = 900 . T−¬ng tù, ta cã BD ⊥ ∆ nªn
BD ⊥(P), do ®ã CBD = 900 . VËy A vµ B
A B ∆ 0,25®
A, B n»m trªn mÆt cÇu ®−êng kÝnh CD.
Vµ b¸n kÝnh cña mÆt cÇu lµ:
CD 1
D R= = BC 2 + BD 2
2 2
Q
1 a 3
= AB 2 + AC 2 + BD 2 = . 0,25®
2 2
Gäi H lµ trung ®iÓm cña BC⇒ AH ⊥ BC. Do BD ⊥(P) nªn BD ⊥ AH ⇒AH ⊥ (BCD).
1 a 2
VËy AH lµ kho¶ng c¸ch tõ A ®Õn mÆt ph¼ng (BCD) vµ AH = BC = . 0,5®
2 2

C©u 4. 2®iÓm
x +1
1) T×m gi¸ trÞ lín nhÊt vµ gi¸ trÞ nhá nhÊt cña hµm sè y = trªn ®o¹n [ −1; 2] . 1 ®iÓm
x2 + 1
1− x
y'= .
2 3
( x + 1)
y ' = 0 ⇔ x = 1. 0,5®
3
Ta cã y (−1) = 0, y(1) = 2, y (2) = .
5
VËy max y = y (1) = 2 vµ min y = y (−1) = 0. 0,5®
[ −1;2] [ −1;2]
2
2) TÝnh tÝch ph©n I = ∫ x 2 − x dx . 1 ®iÓm
0
2
Ta cã x − x ≤ 0 ⇔ 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 , suy ra
1 2
0,5®
I = ∫ ( x − x 2 ) dx + ∫ ( x 2 − x) dx
0 1
1 2
 x 2 x3   x3 x 2 
= −  +  −  = 1. 0,5®
 2 3   3 2 
 0  1

3
C©u 5. 1®iÓm
C¸ch 1: Ta cã ( x + 1) = Cn0 x 2n + C1n x 2n − 2 + Cn2 x 2n − 4 + ... + Cnn ,
2 n

( x + 2) n = Cn0 x n + 2C1n x n −1 + 22 Cn2 x n − 2 + 23 Cn3 x n −3 + ... + 2n Cnn .

DÔ dµng kiÓm tra n = 1, n = 2 kh«ng tháa m·n ®iÒu kiÖn bµi to¸n.
Víi n ≥ 3 th× x3n −3 = x 2n x n −3 = x 2n − 2 x n −1.
Do ®ã hÖ sè cña x3n −3 trong khai triÓn thµnh ®a thøc cña ( x 2 + 1) n ( x + 2) n lµ
a3n −3 = 23.Cn0 .Cn3 + 2.C1n .C1n .
0,75®
 n=5
2n(2n2 − 3n + 4)
VËy a3n −3 = 26n ⇔ = 26n ⇔ 
3 n = − 7
 2 0,25®
VËy n = 5 lµ gi¸ trÞ cÇn t×m (v× n nguyªn d−¬ng).
C¸ch 2: hoÆc
Ta cã
n n
2 n n 3n  1   2
( x + 1) ( x + 2) = x  1 +  1 + 
 x2   x 
 n i n k  n i −2i n k k − k 
i 1  k 2 
=x 3n 
∑ n  ∑ n  
C C
i = 0  x 2  k = 0  x  
= x 3n
 ∑ Cn x ∑ Cn 2 x  .
  i = 0 k =0 

Trong khai triÓn trªn, luü thõa cña x lµ 3n − 3 khi −2i − k = −3 , hay 2i + k = 3.
Ta chØ cã hai tr−êng hîp tháa ®iÒu kiÖn nµy lµ i = 0, k = 3 hoÆc i = 1, k = 1 .
Nªn hÖ sè cña x3n −3 lµ a3n −3 = Cn0 .Cn3.23 + C1n .C1n .2 . 0,75®
 n=5
2n(2n2 − 3n + 4)
Do ®ã a3n −3 = 26n ⇔ = 26n ⇔ 
3 n = − 7
 2
VËy n = 5 lµ gi¸ trÞ cÇn t×m (v× n nguyªn d−¬ng). 0,25®