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News in detail National News Rupee down 18 paisa vs dollar in early trade The rupee lost 18 paise to 60.26 against the dollar in early trade at the Interbank Foreign Exchange market due to increased demand for the US currency from importers. Forex dealers attributed the rupee's fall to increased dollar demand from importers amidst rising global crude prices but said that a higher opening in the domestic equity market and euro's strength against the US currency capped the fall to some extent. Yesterday, the rupee rose 31 paise, logging its best single-day gain in over a month, to end at 60.08 as the American currency weakened on US Fed keeping its policy of ultra-low interest rates intact. Meanwhile, the benchmark BSE Sensex rose by 45.08 points, or 0.18%, to 25,246.88 in early trade on Friday. India: Nagpur first to have ethanol-run bus, but civic heads unaware Nagpur is the first city in the country where 100% ethanol-fuelled bus would run on a pilot basis. The bus would be launched in the city in next 2-3 weeks. Strangely, municipal commissioner Shyam Wardhane said that surface transport and highways minister Nitin Gadkari had advised the NMC to generate ethanol from sewage treatment plants to be set up at many places. Gadkari has always championed the need for the use ethanol as a fuel for vehicles. He had recently pushed the need of importing engines that can run on 85% blending of ethanol in the country. The Scandinavian commercial vehicle manufacturer Scania made a presentation in the ministry recently to explore the possibility of plying such bus. Since ethanol-based buses can ply only in areas where enough ethanol is available, the government will explore to start such services in manageable areas such as within cities. Towns and cities in major sugar producing states such as Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Punjab are likely to be the options for starting such experiments.
News at a Glance Rupee down 18 paise vs dollar in early trade India: Nagpur first to have ethanol-run bus Indian Sugar future is raised by 0.84% to RS 3,119 per quintal Bulk buying sweetens sugar ICE sugar hits 4-week high on Brazil supply worries Sensex drops as Brent crude hovers above $114 a barrel MH: Shirpur co-operative sugar factory will start soon MH: Bankrupt factories will start again UP: Auction of Sugar from Modi sugar mill UP:Govt may allocate funds to co-op mills for cane dues payment Thailand: Khon Kaen Sugar Industrys view Thailand: Khonburi Sugar plans shift towards ethanol business Monsoon fears, Brazil ethanol drive sugar rally Nepal:Capacity utilisation of manufacturing units down 14 per cent Thailand: Khonburi Sugar plans shift towards ethanol business Brazil: Brazil to mix more ethanol in petrol US: Ethanol output hits record
Market Update Sensex 25242.62(40.82) Crude Oil $106.43(0.46) USD 60.27 INR Pound 102.79 INR Brazil 27.11 INR Euro 82.07 INR White Sugar 488.40 $/MT Raw Sugar 17.88 c/lb Please note that the above values are as of 20-J une-2014 at 12.00PM I ST
Kamal J ain Trading Services Pvt. Ltd 2 Sugar Update We are in the process of launching our website www.kamaljaintrading.com, where you will get the latest updates on Sugar and Sugar News from around the world. The Gadkari-promoted Purti Power and Sugar Limited (PPSL) is also engaged in the manufacture of ethanol. PPSL has often supported the idea of increasing the ethanol proportion to be blended in petrol to 10% at least. Ethanol is not just a clean, but the cost of the fuel is also less. The PPSL's plant at Bela, 40 kms from Nagpur, has a facility to make ethanol out of molasses and is currently supplying it to the PSU oil companies. It has plans to set up a bio-waste ethanol plant too. The new plant may have a capacity of to make 15,000 litres of ethanol a day. Gadkari had asked the department to study whether the five big companies Volkswagen, Ford, Toyota, Honda and Fiat can import E85 engine here, like they do in Brazil and Canada. E85 engines can run with 85% blending of ethanol. (Courtesy-Times of I ndia) Sugar stocks Rally Sugar stocks gained on renewed buying. Triveni Engineering & Industries Shree Renuka Sugars Dhampur Sugar Mills Sakthi Sugars Simbhaoli Sugar Mills Bajaj Hindusthan Dwarikesh Sugar Industries Balrampur Chini Mills up 5.95% up 5.67% up 5.59% up 4.95% up 4.04% up 3.96% up 3.82% up 3.28% Increase in crude oil prices has sparked worries about India's macroeconomic situation as India imports majority of its crude oil requirements. Increase in crude oil prices has raised concerns of increase in fuel price inflation and increase in India's current account deficit and fiscal deficit Militant violence in Iraq which is a key oil exporter in the world has sent crude prices higher over the past few days. Brent crude futures for August delivery were down 6 cents at $115 a barrel today, 20 June 2014. The contract gained 80 cents to settle at $115.06 a barrel yesterday, 19 June 2014, the highest close since 6 September 2013. Indian Sugar future is raised by 0.84% to RS 3,119 per quintal On Friday, at NCDEX at 1:35 PM, the key June contract is raised by RS 27 or 0.84% to RS 3,119 per quintal with an open interest of 4670. But July future was declined by RS 8 or 0.26% to Rs 3,037 per quintal with an open interest of 35050 lots.
Bulk buying sweetens sugar On Thursday, sugar prices improved by 10-15 a quintal on the Vashi wholesale spot market on higher demand for fine quality. Naka rates were up by 20-30 a quintal for the same reason. Mill tender prices ruled unchanged as producers continued selling at current level. High demand from stockists for fine/bold variety lifted prices by 10-15 in the spot and naka trade, while continuous selling by mills kept tender rates unchanged. Maharashtras producers sold about 60,000 bags. Upcountry buying is missing here since long forcing producers to sell on local markets. On the export front also, chances are very bleak. Arrivals in the Vashi market were about 60-62 truckloads and local offtake was 58-60 loads. S-Grade M-Grade BSMA's spot rates 3,003-3,152 3,142-3,292 Naka Delivery Rates 2,970-3,050 3,070-3,190 (Courtesy-The Hindu Business Line) ICE sugar hits 4-week high on Brazil supply worries Sugar futures extended strong gains from the previous session to hit a four-week high on Thursday, as market players continued to assess the outlook for Brazilian supplies. Brazil uses sugarcane to make ethanol, unlike the U.S. where corn is primarily used. The South American nation is the world's largest sugar producer and exporter, with the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimating the nation accounts for nearly 20% of global production and 39% of global sugar exports. (Courtesy-investing.com) SPOT PRICE QUOTES (RS) Friday, J une 20th, 2014 ,01:41 AM Location M-Sugar S-Sugar Kolhapur 3063.15 2955 Vashi - 3075.8 Kolkata 3280 Erode 3173 3110.5 Kanpur 3322.5 Muzzaffar Nagar 3268.5 Delhi 3305 FUTURE PRICE QUOTES Friday, J une 20th, 2014 ,01:41 AM Product Name-Sugar M Exp DT Open High Low LTP Chg 20 Jun 3119 3124 3118 3120 27 18 July 3048 3048 3037 3037 -8 20 Aug 3070 3080 3070 3072 -2 19 Sep 3135 3138 3135 3135 2
Kamal J ain Trading Services Pvt. Ltd 3 Sugar Update We are in the process of launching our website www.kamaljaintrading.com, where you will get the latest updates on Sugar and Sugar News from around the world. Sugar futures may trade on mixed note Sugar futures may trade on a mixed note. Increase in the subsidy on raw sugar exports coupled with forecast of below normal rains may support prices. Expectations of demand from bulk consumers due to rising temperatures in the north may also support prices. However, higher supplies and lack of fresh export orders may pressurize prices at higher levels. Angel Commodities' report on Sugar Global sugar prices traded on a bullish note on coverings of short positions by the funds on the back of dry weather concerns in Brazil and India. Expectations of pickup in demand and chances of diversion of cane towards ethanol also supported prices. LIFFE as well as ICE Raw sugar settled 2.62% and 2.75% higher. According to UNI CA, Brazilian mills produced 5.44 mn tn of sugar till end of May compared to 5.64 mn tn last year. Prices declined over the last few days on ample supplies coupled with fears of large delivery and higher global stocks. According to FC Stone, Centre South sugar output for 2014-15 season is forecast at 33.1 mn tn, while sugarcane crushing is seen at 585.85 mn tn. (Courtesy-money control) Sensex drops as Brent crude hovers above $114 a barrel Key benchmark indices dropped to fresh intraday low in early afternoon trade as concerns about India's macroeconomic situation resurfaced as crude rose. The barometer index, the S&P BSE Sensex, was down 142.27 points or 0.56%, off 321.87 points from the day's high and up 34.32 points from the day's low. The market breadth indicating the overall health of the market turned negative from positive in early afternoon trade. The index lost 176.59 points at the day's low of 25,069.66 in early afternoon trade, its lowest level since 16 June 2014. The index jumped 179.60 points at the day's high of 25,425.85 in early trade. The CNX Nifty was down 47.55 points or 0.63% to 7,510.65. The index hit a low of 7,502.55 in intraday trade, its lowest level since 16 June 2014. The index hit a high of 7,606.45 in intraday trade. On BSE, 1,543 shares declined and 1,165 shares gained. A total of 121 shares were unchanged. (Courtesy-Business Standard)
State News Maharashtra Shirpur co-operative sugar factory will start soon
The founder of Shirpur co-operative sugar factory and X-MLA Mr. Shivajirao Patil has given information in press conference that, to clear the factory loans, some moneys will be arranged by selling factory assets. After clearing loan, factory will start with new management. Mr. Patil stated that, co-operative minister, factory management and bank has conducted meeting in this regard and the decision is taken to sell some factory asset, clear the loan and restart the factory. May be this process will take 1 month time. Still, in October, factory will start crushing. (Courtesy-Sakal) Bankrupt factories will start again
Factories like Sudhakarrao Naik and Jay Kisan are on liqudatorship due to lot of issues. These factories are having approximately RS 100 crore loans. After meeting with state chief minister Mr. Prithviraj Chavan, decision has been taken to start these factories on long term lease. Government loan will be forgiven, but private loan should be clear by the factory. (Courtesy-Lokmat) Uttar Pradesh UP: Govt may allocate funds to co-op mills for cane dues payment The Akhilesh Yadav government might allocate over Rs 600 crore to cooperative sugar mills for payment as cane dues to farmers. The allocation, likely to be tabled in the Budget session of the UP assembly, could open a fresh front between the state government and private sugar mills which have been demanding government subsidy to clear cane dues. 23 cooperative sugar mills in the state had total outstanding dues to the tune of nearly Rs 1,900 crore in this crushing season. They have paid about two-thirds of the dues while a balance of nearly Rs 600 crore remains. The cane development department had made a demand before the state government, which, in all probability would be reciprocated. Individually, most mills have made 50-80% of the payments. In fact, the mill in Najibabad, Bijnor, has paid 100% dues to farmers. Cooperative sugar mills are located in districts such as Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Baghpat, Anupshahr and Bijnor.
Kamal J ain Trading Services Pvt. Ltd 4 Sugar Update We are in the process of launching our website www.kamaljaintrading.com, where you will get the latest updates on Sugar and Sugar News from around the world. The payment had been made as per the full statuary advisory price (SAP) of Rs 280 per quintal. Hence, there is all the possibility that the department will get the due. The mills in the cooperative sector are marred by low efficiency. While private sugar mills work at a capacity of around 10,000 tonne crushing per day (tcd), the cooperative ones have a capacity of around 5,000 tcd. In fact, in some cases, the capacity goes down to almost 2,500 tcd. Technology upgrade is also required in case of cooperative sugar mills. Cooperative sugar mills have crushed around 700 lakh quintals of sugarcane this season. This is almost 1/10th of the total capacity of private sugar mills. The mills might also get funds from the state government for technology upgrade. Fund allocation to cooperatives is likely to be in the form of an unsecured loan which would subsequently get converted into state government equity. (Courtesy-Times of I ndia) UP: Auction of sugar from Modi Sugar mill
SDM Krishna Karunesh has given information that, 2012-13 crushing season, Modi sugar mill has not paid the farmers sugarcane bill of RS 6,43,00,000 and tehsil collection charge of RS 1,72, 00, 000. So government has sealed the factory go-down and decided to auction the sugar of the factory today. But yesterday, Factory management met SDM and submitted a letter to stop the auction. (Courtesy-Navbharat Times) Karnataka Sugar cane farmers to hold dharna in front of CM Siddaramaiah's house Sugarcane farmers have now decided to hold a dharna in front of chief minister Siddaramaiah's residence to press their demand for clearing of dues by sugar mills in lieu for the sugar cane supplied by them. According to Devaraj, President of the sugar cane farmers association, 50 odd sugar factories in Karnataka owe Rs 3,500 crore to the farmers, despite the state government's directive asking them to clear the dues of farmers. According to him, 24 sugar mills in the state are either owned by ministers, legislators and parliamentary members and their lobby is strong, for which may be the government has failed to act against these sugar mills. (Courtesy-Times of I ndia) I nternational News Thailand: Khon Kaen Sugar Industrys view World sugar balance might go into deficit in 2015good for KSL Adverse weather in Brazil will limit global sugar supply next year. Morgan Stanley forecasts that the global sugar surplus will decline from 6.0mt in 2014 to 1.82mt in 2015. KSL's expect the global sugar market to be balanced or in deficit next year. As such, the global sugar price should rise to 19-23 cents/lb range next year from 15-20 cents/lb this year. Thai cane production to increase next year KSL guides that Thai cane production will rise from 103mt this year to 110mt in 2015. Ample rain during June- Oct would ease concerns over unfavourable conditions earlier in the year. Also, the govt has encouraged rice farmers to switch to sugar cane, boosting the cropping area. We expect KSL's capacity to hit 10mt of cane in FY15 (from 8.5mt this year), due to capacity expansion at its mills in Loei and Khon Kaen provinces. Concerns over KSL's sugar sales volume this year Big sugar inventories in Brazil left over from last year caused industry-wide sugar deliveries in Thailand to be postponed. The paucity of deliveries in 1H14 generated concerns over whether KSL will hit its FY14 sugar sales volume target of 810kt (it reported 1H14 sales of only 260kt). The firm normally delivers sugar sales volume of about 390kt in the second-half of its financial year (May-Oct). We maintain our FY14 sugar sales volume assumption at 740kt. Sensitivity analysis suggests that for each additional 10kt that sugar sales exceed our assumption, profit would beat our FY14 forecast by 1.1%. Power and ethanol businessesthe key FY14 drivers The power and ethanol units will continue to drive earnings growth through FY14. A new power plant in Loei Province will boost KSL's electricity sales this year. We also expect ethanol consumption in Thailand and the average sales price to increase further. However, there is doubt that ethanol sales volume will achieve KSL's target of 105m litres, due to the absence of export sales this year (it reported 1H14 sales of only 43m liters). As such, we have cut our FY14 ethanol sales volume assumption 14% to 90m liters. (Courtesy-Nation Multimedia) Monsoon fears, Brazil ethanol drive sugar rally Sugar futures took their gains in two sessions above 5% as weak data on Indian monsoon added to concerns over a Brazilian ethanol change to question ideas of ample supplies of the sugar.
Kamal J ain Trading Services Pvt. Ltd 5 Sugar Update We are in the process of launching our website www.kamaljaintrading.com, where you will get the latest updates on Sugar and Sugar News from around the world. Raw sugar for July jumped 2.3% to $17.94 cents a pound in midday deals in New York, its highest in nearly a month, taking gains in two sessions to 5.1%. The October contract, which now attracts higher trading volumes, gained 1.9% to a one-month high of 18.69 cents a pound. The peaks followed the release of data showing India's monsoon continuing to run late, and deposit disappointing levels of rain, during its early stages, raising concerns over crops including sugar cane. Reason to add back risk premium India's monsoon rains were, in the week to Wednesday, 45% below average, only a small improvement on the 48% deficit the week before, weather officials said, estimating that the weather pattern was running four days behind schedule too. Soft commodities analyst in London said, if noting that strong water levels in irrigation systems were reducing concerns over the late monsoon for now. At Citigroup in Chicago, Sterling Smith said that "there is an issue with the monsoon in India. It is likely giving the funds cause to cover their short positions. Queuing ships However, other reasons too were cited as behind the rally, with the London analyst noting that the "vessel line- up in Brazil and has picked up a little bit compared with last month", indicating a potential squeeze on the country's exports. This may only get more acute if the El Nino which often causes a weak monsoon arrives as expected, with the weather pattern also linked in Brazil to heavy rains, which can hamper loading of sugar cargoes, which are damaged by water, in all but roofed facilities. The US Climate Prediction Center forecast an 80% chance of declaring an El Nino in the autumn, with one key indicator, the weekly sea surface temperature departure in a key part of the Pacific, 0.4 degrees Celsius above average - 0.1 degrees below the El Nino threshold. More ethanol Citigroup's Mr Smith also cited talk of an agreement between Brazilian authorities and vehicle makers to raise by 1 point to 26% the proportion of ethanol blended into gasoline in the South American country. That means more cane going for making ethanol and less for sugar, which should make sugar prices go up. Sucden Financial estimated at 575,000 tonnes the amount of sugar production that will be lost to enable the increase in output of ethanol, of the anhydrous variety which can be mixed with gasoline. Cane industry group Unica, and oil giant Petrobas, were pressing for a 27.5% blend rate. (Courtesy-Agrimoney) Nepal: sugar-manufacturing units were found to be the most inefficient Of the industries covered by the survey, sugar-manufacturing units were found to be the most inefficient in exploiting resources. Sugar-producing companies in the country had production capacity of 171,250 tonnes in the six-month period, but output stood at a mere 17,071 tonnes. This led average capacity utilisation rate of sugar-manufacturing units to dip to 9.97%. Sugar-producing plants failed to make maximum use of resources in the six-month period due to industrialists decision to fix sugarcane prices at lower end, which prompted farmers to postpone sales of the product. Also, most of the sugarcane was yet to be harvested during the review period. (Courtesy-The Himalayan Times) Philippines: Guv backs creation of pollution control body The proposed creation of the Provincial Pollution Adjudication and Monitoring Board by two committees of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan to monitor environmental law compliance of sugar mills and distilleries in Negros Occidental, got the support of Government.. Gatuslao, who chairs the SP Committee on Laws, said he and Board Member Patrick Leonard Lacson, chairman of the SP Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, noted that many sugar mills committed violation on environmental laws, and paid fines not less than P10, 000 a day to the national government. They are studying the possibility of collecting the fines from violators, which will be given to communities affected by the pollution. (Courtesy-visayandailystar) Australia: Fire-damaged mill to start crush late A Bundaberg, Queensland sugar mill will start crushing almost a month late as it continues to recover from an electrical fire that caused $3 million of damage mid last month. Bundaberg Sugar's Bingera Mill is expected to begin crushing on July 21, three weeks after the initial estimated date, and three weeks after the company's other Millaquin Mill. The unsuspicious fire broke out in a switchboard and spread to a conveyer belt. General Manager of operations David Pickering says recovery crews are making very good progress, with all major items expected to be delivered by next week. The change will stall harvest, but that won't cause big
Kamal J ain Trading Services Pvt. Ltd 6 Sugar Update We are in the process of launching our website www.kamaljaintrading.com, where you will get the latest updates on Sugar and Sugar News from around the world. problems because the crush is shorter anyway, and growers were already going to hold off maximising CCS values. Some cane will be shared between the mills. There will be some cane from the north side trucked across to Millaquin, but mostly Bingera will crush its own cane. The region's crop is sitting at 1.45 million tonnes, which is a "significant drop" on the expected average 1.8 million. (Courtesy-ABC Rural) Fiji: A win-win situation To provide relief to the farmers, government will make it a priority to create a reserve fund so that our farmers are paid in full upon supplying cane to the mills rather than waiting for payment in instalments for more than a year. It is unfair to our farmers to sell their produce and then wait for so long to get your payment. They will look at the possibility of building smaller and efficient sugar mills in main cane producing areas like Seaqaqa so that farmers can save costs in transporting the cane to mills. It will be made sure that efficient milling and transport system to be implemented so that our farmers can be get benefited. Farmers are a major stakeholder in sugar industry and you will be consulted and heard in the decision-making process through your representatives. (Courtesy-Fiji Times) Fiji: Low cane supply halts crushing at Labasa Mill Cane crushing at the Labasa Mill started yesterday but was stopped for a few hours due to low cane supply. The Sugar Cane Growers Council says many cane growers have not yet begun harvesting as there had been some confusion regarding the crushing commencement date. The Labasa Mill Management says they do not foresee any major hiccup apart from some minor teething problems that may be encountered in the beginning of the season. The Sugar Cane Growers Council is urging all gangs to take advantage of the good weather and commence harvesting without any further delay. Those facing problems are urged to get assistance from the Council. (Courtesy-Fiji Broadcasting Corporation) Ethanol News
Thailand: Khonburi Sugar plans shift towards ethanol business Khonburi Sugar plans to invest Bt4.3 billion in ethanol business and expansion of its cane-processing capacity to boost revenue by 20-30% in the next two years, targeting 10% growth for this year. Khonburi is preparing to go on an overseas road show to attract investors amid Thailand's improving business and investment climate. Company president Thaus Vanakornkul said it wanted to lower its heavy reliance on sugar for revenue by moving towards ethanol production because of strong demand for it as an alternative to petrol. Other sugar manufacturers have gradually turned towards ethanol business. The Bt4.3-billion investment will comprise two parts. First will be construction of an ethanol factory with production capacity of 200,000 litres per day, with investment of Bt1.18 billion. The remaining Bt3.12 billion will be used to increase cane-processing capacity by 12,000 tonnes a day. The construction will take 15 months. The sugar price has passed its lowest mark for this year, and is currently 17 US cents per pound, up slightly from the lowest point of 14 cents a pound. Furthermore, the company will recognise proceeds of about Bt80 million from the sale of electricity to the Provincial Electricity Authority in the fourth quarter. This would boost this year's gross profit to 21% from last year's 18%. The outlook for improving sugar prices should enhance the appeal of sugar sector stocks. (Courtesy-nation multimedia) Brazil to mix more ethanol in petrol The Brazilian government plans to conduct tests over the next two months on the use of a higher percentage of ethanol in commercial gasoline. The test period would be used to determine the viability of increasing the mandatory blend of the bio-fuel in petrol at the pump, and the trial would begin as soon as possible. Brazil is already blending as much as 25% ethanol into petrol. The cane industry is seeking a 27.5% maximum and lawmakers recently pushed unsuccessfully for a 30% blend ceiling. Controlling inflation Raising the blend requirement would favour the Brazilian cane industry, as well as state-run oil company Petroleo Brasileiro, but the measure has faced government resistance in the past due to fears that a greater demand for sugar cane could spur inflation. The local automotive industry also came out against the increase in the blend saying it would hurt cars performance.
Kamal J ain Trading Services Pvt. Ltd 7 Sugar Update We are in the process of launching our website www.kamaljaintrading.com, where you will get the latest updates on Sugar and Sugar News from around the world. Brazil's government decided to increase the amount of biodiesel, mostly made from soy oil, used in diesel to 6% the current five, starting in July. A second increase to 7% is scheduled for November. Reducing imports Debt-ridden Petrobras would benefit from a higher ethanol blend requirement because it would enable it to reduce the amount of petrol it imports and sells at a loss in the domestic market. President Dilma Rousseff's government strictly controls fuel prices as a means to control inflation, and her finance minister Guido Mantega is on Petrobras' board. Despite support for the increased blend from the agriculture, environmental, energy and trade ministries as well as the oil and gas regulator ANP, Mantega has so far opposed any increase in the blend. US ethanol output hits record US ethanol production soared to a record high as plants prepared for rising seasonal demand against a background of positive margins, supported by weak corn prices and rising crude oil values. US biofuel plants produced an average of 972,000 barrels a day of ethanol last week, up 28,000 barrels a day on the previous week, and the highest figure since records began four years ago. Some increase had been expected, given the weak markets in corn - the main raw material for US ethanol producer - and strength in gasoline prices, up more than 6% in the past two weeks, buoyed by the latest round of Middle East unrest which has underpinned energy market overall. Ethanol futures for August tumbled 3.7% to $1.991 a gallon in Chicago. Corn futures for July, meanwhile, stood 1.0% higher at $4.43 a bushel. High crude, shifting trade patterns brighten ethanol prospects An extended period of higher crude oil and gasoline prices and low corn prices could result in surprisingly large amount of corn used for ethanol production. The economists note the recent decline in U.S. ethanol imports and expansion in exports starting last fall. Imports and exports were evenly balanced in September 2013, but net exports were 25 million gallons in October 2013 and averaged nearly 60 million gallons per month from November 2013 through April 2014. Domestically, there is a growing opportunity for domestic ethanol consumption to expand beyond mandated consumption levels, they continue. Positive blending margins should incentivize the expansion of consumption of higher blends of ethanol, both E15 and E85. The pace of expansion will be determined by expectations for the duration of favorable blending margins and the speed at which the deployment of infrastructure can be put in place. The duration of higher crude oil prices will be influenced by the extent and duration of production interruptions in the Middle East. These market factors may push ethanol production levels to their highest ever, and with it, corn use.
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