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29


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26
30

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31

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36


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38

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42

.
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Thyristors ( 1,5 Mw ) (transistors)
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43


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44

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48

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).

49



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.
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.

50


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53


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55

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56

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59

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60




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61


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63

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64

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65


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66


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67

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)
/ [42-43].
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68

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c.

d.

e.

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.

69

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70

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72

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.

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.

. (Ship Service System) :

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73



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kV.

98%!!
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,
, ,
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25MW.

74

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100

200

300

400

500

550

5.

75

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76

PERMASYN
SIEMENS, Sm-Co,
.
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.
. 3 5, 10
15 , ,
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,

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77

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78

9.

10.

(modules).

11. [8].

79


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(CSI)
.
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80

 .
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81

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82

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30.
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23- (
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83

(matrix converters):

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84

 1.
.

85


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k .

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.

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86

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.
50
, ,
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87

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, . 17.
no
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88

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(direct torque control DTC):

(vector field
control). , ,
,
,
.

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,
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89

 -


, . . 18.

IFEP-
IFEP-Pod

18.

0-100%. , 100%
. ,
( ) .
, .
,
,
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90


,
( MCR) , . ,
.
, 10 20% ,
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.

91

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2. 100%
3. 120%
4. 100%
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6.
7.
19.

92


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,
.
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.

100%
100%

20.
.

93

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- ,
.

(POD)
,
,
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, ,
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),. ,
,

.

20.
(Azipod- Marine)
Mermaid Kamewa - Alstom

94

 , ,
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- .

, Ah . ,
. ).

.

(/) (..) :
/ U209 , (
NEPTUNE-) / U209 (PEM Fuel Cell)
/ U214 (
) (PEM Fuel Cell).

95

 / ...
(/)
.
: (
) () ,
. /
. ( Pb, ~30 Wh/kg)
Diesel . DC AC.
,
, , ,
/.

/,
C02 .
.
. /

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( /),
, . ,
Radar,
, . /
,
/ .
, /
30
- - ( A.I.P. :
Atmosphere Independent Power ) / .
.
30 .
1939 Walter (Walter type XVIIB)
(22).
, HMS
96

Explorer HMS Excalibur, , -1,

Walter ,
. ,
..., "Kreislauf",
Diesel (CCD) 30
.Quebec 1953.
'50
, 1955,
(USS Nautilus SSN-571).
80 ...,

(2) ()
( Fuel Cell ) .
.. ,

2 :
- Closed Cycle Diesel (CCD) : Diesel .
- Stirling :
(.. 2 He). Diesel .
/ 90
/ .
- ( Rankine) : Diesel
. (8)
/ .
, ( Fuel
Cell ) /
80. /
Alcaline Fuel Cell 100 kW
1980 H.D.W. (Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG)
1987 9 / U1 U205.
HDW 2003 / -
U31 U212 -
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell ( PEMFC ). /
, .
97

 ..
/ (..) /
, 3 , 1886 1901.
/ .
/ .
' .. 6 /,
106 , .
.. 7 / ,
1958 3 /
GATO. 70 8 / U209 (4
. 4 . ) GATO
GUPPY, 1995.
4 / .

NEPTUNE-I (1991-2000) (
.), HDW /
.. .
2001 4 /
U214 . ... (PEMFC) ..
,
(THYSSENKRUPP Marine Systems AG HDW GmbH),
() . / U214
.. 2006.
2004 / U209
. NEPTUNE-II ()
... (PEMFC)
.., .

/ .. U209,
NEPTUNE- U214.
, ,

/ .., .

98

 .. U209 ( . . )

/ .. U209 .
(Pb) 480 , .. 4.600 , ,
4 4 DIESEL
2.400 . / . .., / .
.. AC/DC.

/ U209 (. . )
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), ,
.
/ ,

,
.
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2, 3 4 :

(1 - 2),

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,
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GM9,
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2.

2. / U209

100

 2. / U209

rpm
1500-1560 288-340

(4) AEG-LOYD
..

DYNAMO-WERK

/ .
(4) PILLER -
..

SIEMENS AG

V
875

1415-1235

.480 kW

A 10
V 2240 A

1850 kW

12

70

120-55

(7) ..

2000-2600 175-293

..
2000-2600 V
175 V

8)

..

2000-2600

193-123

32 kW

A
150-1206

26.2-21

A A
50-73 V 32-45

(9)
( 43-61 V ( 27-40 A )

. 2000-2600
380 V 2
10)

420 kW

A 6

1500-1560 135-225
200

1400-1000

kW
1.6-3.1
kW

(1.2-

56-60

, .

Hz

101

 4. / U209

. ( ) / U209 480
Pb [ (+) Pb02 (-) Pb, (+) /
(-) PbS04, : H2S04 1,290-1,300 gr/m3 , 1,971,78 V DC ], 120 , 4 .
/ VARTA
HAGEN /
.. /
SUNLIGHT- .. . (doubledecker) (14st43) ] 1410x450x290 mm,
318 kg () 518 kg (). (
), ( 4),
, . (. ).
/
(250 V DC ),
102

 .
11.900 h ( 100 h 120 ) 5 7
.
:

- .

, ,
.

/

2, 2% / .

103

 , .
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.
65-108 RPM.

IV.

.
108-170 RPM
.

V.

.
188-200 RPM. (166-200 RPM ).

104

[] -

I
(ml-m2)

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105


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106


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107

 .. U209 A.I.P. - NEPTUNE-II

NEPTUNE-II .. / U209 .

, 2004
/ U209 . NEPTUNE-II
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. To / /
.
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108

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109

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11 .
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,
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110

 (PEMFC)

, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel
Cell ( PEMFC ), / U214 U209
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, (sock
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.

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111

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112

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), 393,3 V (320x1,229 V) .
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50 /sec.

. ,
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.
2 6,738 kg/h,
2 53,486 kg/h.

113

- 2 2

/
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115

 G2 LH2 2 /
, .
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116

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2,3 bar).

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117

 .. U214 A.I.P.
/ U214
/ U214 ..,
/ .
:
-
Diesel (.. ) ...
( Fuel Cell) SIEMENS, / U209
NEPTUNE-II.
- . Pb SUNLIGHT . [648 , 350 kg () , 9.500 Ah, 2
].
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PERMASYN SIEMENS
4 / U214
/ (THYSSENKRUPP Marine Systems AG HDW GmbH)
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. 3 ()
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25
, / NEPTUNE-II.
,
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, , .
.
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, /
, ,
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, ).

118

 / U214

25

/ U214

119

 PERMASYN
, / U214
PERMASYN Siemens.
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DC/AC ...
- PERmanent MAgnet SYNchronous motor -
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120

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,
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.
,
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121

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122

motors ) ]
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,
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123

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124

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,
,
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Cut Off, Fire Alarm Trouble Buzzer On
(Cabinet Light) Off.
.
, 4 .

125

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.

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.
. Fire Alarm
.
. Audio
. Gong
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ON OFF ON.
126

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, , .

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,
,
.

127



.. , - . . /
,
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2012 -
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128

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,
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,
,
,
. ,

,
(A.E.S. : All Electric Ship).

129

1. ,
2. ,

3. ,
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, dinburg (UK), .
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, .
21. (1988), " ", , .
22. . (1999), "
", "
", , .
23. ., (2005): " -
': ",
.

ABB Marine "Azipod Propulsor" http://www.abb.com

Kamewa - Alstom "Mermaid Propulsor" http://www.kamewagroup.com
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131