1

"
.

.
" .
.

.
.
12 16


80


. "
.

) (

.


.

.

.

1383

" " .
. "
" .
" " .

.
.



.

.

.

.

.
.
.

1

10

11

12

" "
.

:
.

1379

" " " "

. 50 ... " :
"...
.
.

.

.

.

. 1359 "
" .
" ...

"... .

" " " " .
.
.
.
.

...

)
( .

.

.

.

.

.

10

1379

. 12 .
:

.
.
.
:
.

11

.

.
.
.
. :
.

.
:
.

12

: . :
.
.
. . :
.


.


.
:

13

.
.
.
.

1
50 "
"....
. .
.
" ....

14

.

.
.
.
) (1334 .

. :
" ) (1347 ) (1363
) . ... (1359
55
. :

15

1
.
1 2 ) (1345
)(
...
17

.
" "
.
56
.
" " ) (1347
:

16

)(

.
) 55 1 ( ...
.

) 3 96 ( .

."...
1359 " "
1 :

17

"

"... .
1373 .
.

.
84 "
" .
"
.


. "...

18

3
:
" ...

."...
.
69/2/17 "
1 2 ) 1 ( "
10
30 "... . 2 "
65 200
1 2 30 "...
. 4 ... " :

19

"... 5 18
".

.
4 ) " (1359
".

.

.
2
1 2
2 2
3 2

20

4 2
5 2

1 2

" " " " .
" " " "
" " .
" " :
"
. "...
"

21

.
."...
...":

... .
."...

" " .
" . .

.
.
."...

22

.

.
) ( "
" ... "
" . " "
" " .
" " " " .
2 2
" " " " )
(
.
:
1 2 2

23

" " " " .

:
1 2

1 : .
.
.
) ( .
" " .
.
2 :
.
... .

24

3 :

.
2 2 2
.

.
. .
3 2 2
.
. : )
( : .
...
3 2

25

.
.

.

.
.
.
9
.
"

.

26

".

.
" .
18 " 19 " .
".
1 3 2


.
.

.

27

. .
.
.

"
" ) (

.
2 3 2
" :

.

".

28

3 3 2
.
.
.


.
4 3 2
.
.
600 580 .
.

29

60 75 .

.
4 2

:
1 4 2

.
.
2 4 2
.

30

".
.
.
"
:
1
2
3
4
5

.

31

.
.
.
.

3000
12000 10000 ( ALOys, bermatzty 1966) .
600 75 berg, 1964 ) (lands
. 28
.
" 850
) ( 100
" .(schueltze 1966 cralr ) .

32

.

.
" .
) (pinus mugo
".
" . .
.
".
5 2
1 5 2

. .
50 100 3 4 . 50

33

.
12
.
2 5 2
3 5
. 30
.


.
3 5 2
.
10 20 2

34

.
.
4 5 2
) (

.
.


.

.
) (
. .

35

".
.
.

.
" " .
""

.
.

.
. .

36

. .
5 5 2
:
1 :
2 :

3 : .
4
.

.
:

37

1
.
2 .
3 .
4 .
5
.
3
1 3 ) (
2 3 ) (
3
.
: .

38

) ( :

.
"
.

. .

.
:
.
. .

.

39

....


.
" "
.
. .


.

.

40

.

.
.
.
1 3 ) (
:
1 1 3

. .

.
2 1 3

41

.
3 1 3

.
4 1 3
" .

.
.
.
"
"...

42

" ...
.

"...
) (1354/12/3
:
2


"
3 "

".

43

" " " " " "

:
4

.
5

.

:
1 .
2 ... .
3 .
4 .

44

5 .
6 .
7 .
8 .
5 1 3
:
:
. ...
: ... .
.
" ...
"...
.

45

)( ) (
.
6 1 3
"

. .

. .
.

.
. "...
2 3 ) (

46

" .

...
."...
1 2 3
" "
. 9
.
2 2 3
" " ) (
. 9
.
3 2 3

47

" "
) 4(
.
4 2 3
" "
) 8( .
.
5 2 3
:
) ( .

.

48

.

.
12

.
.
4
1 4
2 4
3 4
4 4
4

49

" .

.
" "
.

.
" .

.
.

".

50

" ... .
."...
"
.
.

8000 ".
1 4
" .
".

.
".

51

" .

.
.
.


.

. .

. ".
2 4
1 2 4

52

.
.
:
1

" :
.
.

.

. .
.

53

.
:
.
.
.

.

.
.

. :
.
.

54

:

) (Gymnospevns : ) (Coniferos )(Resinevr
) (Doft Wood ) (Evergrees ) Needle Leared
.(tress :
.

:
) .(Brood Ieared trees
.

55

" "Cuprssaceae .
" "Taxodiaceae,Taxaceae, Podocorposeae .
Pinaceae .
" "Metosejuia,Segvia,Larix, Pseudacorix, Taxodiaceae
.
" "Podocarpus Ginleo .
" " Podocalpaceae, Cuprssaceae
.

.


. " " .
.

56

. " : " " " " "
) (.

.

.


.

57

.

. .
)(Robinia qseud oacacia
.
)(Merus aiba

.
)(Celtis cavcasica
.
)(Elagnus angustifolia
.

58

.
) (Ailanthvi alligina .
.
)(Pinus eldarica
.
)(Cupressv Senpervilens
.

) :(Cupressus Arizonicas
.
.
" .
".

59

.
10 15 .


.
2 2 4
.

.
.
.

" .
" .

60

:
.


. :

.

: .
.
.
.
. .

61

" .
.

. :
"
".
:
.

" .
.
".

62

"

:
1
2
3
4
5
:
1
2
3
4
5

63

6
7
3 4

... .
1 3 4
:
1 )(Ailanthus allissina
2 )(Albizzia julibrissin
3 )(Celis avstrulis
4 )(Gimcy biloba
5 )(Magholia grandiflota
6 )(Morus alba
2 3 4

64

"
. :
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 ... .
3 3 4
.
.
4 4

.

65

.
.
) (
.
" ...
.
.

."...

.

66

.

.
.
.

.
.

."...
..." .

. .
.

67

.
.
.
.
. .
5
1 5
2 5
3 5
5

" .

.

68

.

.
".
1 5
"
.

.
.

69

.
.
.

.
" " "

.
. " "
.

."...

70

.
"
7 12
) 20 25 ( .

."...
"
] [ .

) (...
.
."...

71

..."
.
) (

.
.
2 5

". :
.

."...

72

. " " " "
.
" :
.
.
.

. ...
. ...

.
"
) ( ."... .

73

3 5

) (Jane Jacobs ":
...
".
) (
... ":
."...
" ...
.
. ... :

.
."...

74

.

:
.
.

. "
" .

75

.
6
1 6
2 6
6
.
50 ":
.
".
45 ":
...
".

76

"
.
:
1 .1346
2 )1347 55 58 (
.
3 1353 1 :


.
"
".
"

77

."...

.
"
"...
.
:



. ...

78

.
.
1 6

"
" 1359 .
:
1

.
.

79

2
.
.
3
.
4 2
.
1
.

.
2
.

80

.
3

.
4
.
5
.
6
) (
.

81

1

.
2
.
7
.
8 "
) (

. 6 ".

82

. 1369/2/17
.
2 6
) (
.
:
6 .
7 5000
.
8 5
10 .
9 20 .
10 50 .

83

11 50
.
12 . 75
30 .
13
:
1 .
2 .
3 .
:
"

:
1 10 .

84

2 20 .
:
14 .
1

.
15 10 10 .
16 .
.
17
1000 .
18 .
7
1 7

85

2 7
3 7
7
1 7
.
"
".
" ...
. :
)
(
) (...
.
) .(...

86

)(...
) (...
... "...

"

)( .
) 20( .
. :
".
1 .
1:

87

...

...

) (

) (
.

...

) (

) (

...

: " "
1374.31

88

2 7
...".
. 36
"...
" .
.

.
.

.
"...
".
.

89

...
.
:





.
"... .

) ( "...
" ...

90

.
.
.
.
"...
:
"...
.
. .

. ) (
"...
3 7

91

" )(

"...
"
).
(


.

"...
" ...
.
.

92

.
... .
...
. .
. "....
. )
( .
.
.
. .

.
"
( .

93

.
.
. ...
" ...
. .
"...
.
" ... .
.
"...
" ...
1/5 . 7
. ) (
".

94

. "
...
.
"...
" ... : .
.
.
"...
" .
.
. ) (
.
)( . .

95

.
. .

.
" ...
" "

" ".
" ...
... 18
"...
:
" " ) (
.

96

.
.
)
( .
) ( .
... "
" .
" ... .

.
.
15 .
.
.

97

.
. 16 15 1
. 1 2 .

.
4 11 16 200
18 .
. .

"...
.
. .

.

98

.
.
.
.

...
.
...
.
"...
.
8
1 8

99

2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
6 8
7 8
8 8
9 8
8
..." .

"...

100

) (Iand scape " "

.
.
1 8
"
" .
" ... ...
.
.
"
2 8
.
... "
: ...

101

. ][
.
.
) (
) (



" ...
" ...

.

.

102

"...
3 8
" ) (

.

.
".
4 8
" "
.
.
5 8

103

.
.
6 8
.
"
.
.

.
.
7 8
" ...
" ...
8 8

104

" ...
. .
"...
9 8
)
( .
. )
( . .
...
. .

.
.

105

.
)( ) (
.
.
.
.

.
.
)
( .

.
.

106

.
.
9
1 9
2 9
3 9
4 9
5 9
9
.
.
.
... "

107

.
."...
..."
.
. .
."...
.
.
:
.
.
.
1 9

108

) (Users .
.
"") ..." (UNEP
".
:

.
:
... .
2 9

:
.
:

109

1
2
": " " " .

)...( )( .
:
1

.
.
2
.
.

110

" ... .
."... " "
" " .
:
.
" ...
...
. ) ( ) (
Brache 1975 Sperber 1974 Bernatzk
1970
..."
.
. 500 70
... SO2 (Kaluzhniyietal).

111

"
. 1/2 1
"...
Sperber 1974
... ":
.
.
.

. ."...
" " " " .
)
"" ( .

112

" ...
.
.
.

."...
3 9
" ...
) (
."...

.

113

... .
. .
4 9

.


...
.

" " .
.

114

...
.

..
.

...
.

.

" . 10
400 500

115

.

"
.
"...
) (
"
.
.
}{
".
5 9

116

.
1
.
...
.
2 1 2

.
3
.
4
.

117

"...
"...
5
...
... .
6 .
.
.
7 :

8
...
.
9 ) ( .

118

" ...

"...
10
...
" ... "...
11 "
. :

12 " .
: .
.
" ...

119

13 " ...
.

"...
14 "
.
.
".
15 "
.
) (N, P ,K " ..
16
" " .

120

17 " ...
.
.
.

".
18 " "
) (
. :
"
19 "
. :

".

121

1395 / 3 / 11
29 1373
1
1 1 : 15 )
(
2 1 :
3 1 : .
4 1 :
. .
5 1 : 15 .
2
.

122

3
500 .
: :
1 500 .
2 16 .
3 .
4

.
1
.
2
.

123

3
.
4 .
5 .
6
.
7 .
8 .
5 .
.
6 2
.
.
: .

124

7 .
8
.
9
.
10
.
:
.
11 1
:


3

125

: .
15 2

16
.
17
18 18 4 ............
.


1 . " . "
. 1367
2 " . "
7 .1373

126

3 " 15 "
5 6 2
4 " . " .
1369
5 " . " 5 .17
6 " . " 1367
7 " . 1363
8 " . "
9 " . ) ( "
.1371
10 " . "
9 10
11 " . " 1374

127

12 " "
1374
13 " "
1371
14 ". " 28
1370
15 " . " . 1374
16 ". " 2
5 6
17 " . " 1369
18 " " 247 1369
19 " . " .1365
20 " . "
1371

128

21 " . " ) (
1371
22 " " .
.
23 " . " .7
24 " . " .8
25 " "
. .1371
26 " " .
.1371
27 " . " .1371
28 ". " .1370
29 " . " .1372
30 " " .1372

129

31 " . " 2 5
.6
32 " "
. 1370
33 " " . 1370
34 " . " . 1369
35 " . "
. 1374
36 ". )
( .
37 " "
. 1373
38 ". "
. 1372

130

39 " ) ( " .
40 " " .
41 " " .
. 1370
42 " " . 1374
43 Arnold,Henry F,(Trees in urban)VAN Nostrand Renold Company
(VNR),Londone 1980 .
44 Hartman 8 Kofranek 8 ( Plant science )Prentice,Hall,USA,1988 .
45 Faribrother Nan,(The narure of land scape design),Architestural press
,London,1974 .
) 46 jacoobs, jane, (Cities the death and life of great American
47 Ashton,john,(Healthy cities),Open university press,philacelphia,991 .