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Code 1
1
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Example
1) Initial state
0.12
0
a
2) Merge a and d
0.40
0
b
015
0
c
0.08
0
d
0.25
0
e
0.20
0.40
0
b
0
c
0
e
1.00
0.40
0.25
0
e
0
b
b
e
c
d
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3) Merge
0.60
0.35
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0
b
0.40
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weight root
1
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.12
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Forest
Alphabet
(Dynamic)
(Static)
lchild
(Dynamic)
grows
Shrinks
as many elements as the number
of trees in the forest currently
rchild parent
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0
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0
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0
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0
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Inintial Forest
Alphabet
weight root
1
.12
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last tree
Forest
lchild
last node
rchild parent
Step 2
weight
0.20
d
4
0.40
0
2
a
1
015
0
3
0.25
0
5
root
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i = least = 4
j = second = 1
.40
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last tree
Forest
last node
Step 3
lchild
0.35
7
weight
0.40
0
b
2
c
3
d
4
a
1
rchild parent
root
0.25
0
e
5
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0.35
i = least = 3
j = second = 4
.25
last tree
A
last node
;)(
Tree
.
Step 4
weight
0.60
0.40
0
b
2
e
5
i = least = 1
j = second = 3
c
3
d
4
root
0.60
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last tree
lchild
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a
1
rchild parent
last node
Step 5
lchild
1.00
weight
1
1.0
last tree
b
e
c
d
root
9
rchild parent
last node
?
14
4
18
12
10
11
8
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17
17
13
21
10
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13
delete 4
24
21
10
4
11
16
23
15
24
/* delete leaf */
27
11
16
23
27
25
25
26
26
delete 10
17
13
21
15
11
17
delete 27
16
23
25
13
26
21
15
11
24
16
23
27
delete 13
25
26
17
17
Method 1.
11
21
15
16
24
23
11
Method 2
21
15
24
16
23
25
25
26
26
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large
small
Zig rotation
small
(target)
T3
T1
large (target)
T1
Zag rotation
T2
T2
T3
small
middle (target)
T2
T1
T3
large
T2
T3
T4
middle
large
T1
small
mid
(target)
T2
large
T4
T1
T3
T2
T3
T4
large
T4
mid
small
(target)
T1
T3
Zig - Zig
Zag - Zag
T1
mid
large
(target)
T2
T2
T3
T4
.
large
small
T4
mid
small
T3
Two successive
Right Rotations
T1
large
mid
T4
T1
T2
T2
T3
Zig - Zig
f
b
c
d
c
Zig - Zag
Zig
a
f
d
g
e
i
a
f
g
d
e
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50
70
40
10
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60
30
leads to splay at 70
90
20
70
50
100
30
10
15
90
60
100
40
20
15
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80
50
30
40
10
20
Insert ( 80, t)
60
50
Splay at x
90
70
90
70
100
30
100
80 x
15
60
40
10
20
15
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( leaf )
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( leaf )
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be the root
k
10
k
8
Fig. 1
15
y
k
6 x
Just
inserted
k
8
k
6
k+1
10
k
15
y
Uncle is red
10
10
8
Fig. 2
Just
9 x
inserted
Uncle is red
15
y
20
15
y
20
Fig. 3
just
inserted
10
10
k-1
15
y
just
inserted
Uncle is black
x 6
Right rotate
and change
colours
6
x
10
8
k
8
k-1
10
k -1
15
y
9
15
Fig. 5
just
9 x
inserted
Uncle is black
Double rotate
and change
colours
8
x
10
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15
v
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11
11
2
14
7
15
7
5
8
y
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( Fig. 1)
15
8
4
x
(Fig. 5)
7
11
2
1
5
4
14
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+
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20
30
10
15
35
28
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( Fig. 2) Recolouring
25
y
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All tours
tours without
ab
tours with ab
tours with
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tours with
ab,ac and
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tours with
ab but not ac
tours with
ab,ad and
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tours with
ac but not ab
tours without ac
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A 17.5
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C __18.5
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