the range of mark making. They only usually vary through a linear progression. Tone is usually made from a build up of crosshatch efects. Hard pencils are denoted by the letter H. As with soft pencils, they come in a range, comprising HB, H, 2H, H, !H, "H, #H, $H, %H and &H 'the hardest(. These pencils are mainly for use by designers, architects and people who produce precise technical diagrammatic drawings for which a )ne, accurate line is essential, such as perspective or other pro*ection drawings. Although the marks made with hard pencil show very little variation it can be used in an e+pressive manner. As with soft pencil, tone can be built using a cross,hatching system, although the result is much )ner and more formal, the cross,hatching emerging out of a series of linear progressions. SYSTEMS FOR HARD PENCILS Hard pencils are mostly appropriate for drawings re-uiring accuracy. As we have pointed out previously, such drawings are usually done by engineers, industrial designers, graphic designers and architects. The )nal drawings they produce have to be to scale and precise so that other people, such as craftsmen, can follow the instructions to construct or make the designed ob*ect. These drawings come in a number of diferent types of perspective, or parallel pro*ection systems, ranging from .at orthographic plan or elevation drawings to / perspective illustrations .