EquationsforProjectileMotion

Motioninthexdirection

0
cos
x
v v = (1.1)

0
cos x v t = (1.2)
Solvingfor t intermsof x fromequation(1.2)gives

0
cos
x
t
v
= (1.3)
Motionintheydirection

0
sin
y
v v gt = (1.4)

2
0
cos
2
gt
y v t = (1.5)
Substitutingexpressionfor t inequation(1.3)into(1.4)and(1.5)givesrespectively

0
0
sin
cos
y
gx
v v
v

= (1.6)

( )
2
0
0 0
2
2
2
0
sin
cos 2 cos
tan 1 tan
2
v g x
y x
v v
g x
x
v

=


= +
(1.7)
Assumingahorizontalsurface,therange d foragiveninitialvelocity
0
v firedatanangleof occurs
when 0 y = for 0 x > .Setting 0 y = inequation(1.7)andsolvingfor 0 x > ,gives:
( )
2 2 2
0 0 0
2
2 2 tan
cos sin sin 2
1 tan
v v v
d
g g g

= = =

+

(1.8)
Itshouldbenotedthat d ismaximumwhen ( ) sin 2 1 = ,whichoccurswhen 45 =

.Themaximum
heightwiththehorizontalsurface h occurswhen 0
y
v = .Thussetting(1.6)tozeroandsolvingfor x
gives:
( )
2 2
0 0
sin cos sin 2
2 2
v v d
x
g g
= = = (1.9)
Substitutingthisvalueof x into(1.7)gives:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 0 0
2
0
2 2
0
sin 2 tan sin 2 1 tan
2 2 2
sin
2
v v g
h
g v g
v
g

= +


=
(1.10)

PROJECTILEPROBLEMSONAINCLINEDSURFACE
Forprojectileswithaninitialvelocityof
0
v atanangleof launchedfromthebaseonansurface
inclinedatanangleof ,theequations(1.6)and(1.7)become:

0
cos
x
v v = (1.11)

0
0
sin
cos
y
gx
v v
v

= (1.12)

( )
2
2
2
0
tan 1 tan
2
g x
y x
v
= + (1.13)
themaximumrangeisobtainedwhenthecondition tan y x = issatisfied.Equating y inequation
(1.13)to tan x andsolvingfor 0 x > gives:

2
0
2
2 tan tan
1 tan
v
x
g

=

+

(1.14)
with d equalto

2
0
2
2 tan tan
cos cos 1 tan
v x
d
g



= =

+

(1.15)
Themaximumheightabovetheinclineoccurswhenthevelocityisparalleltotheincline,ie
tan
y
x
v
v
= (1.16)
Substituting(1.11)and(1.12)into(1.16)andsolvingfor x gives
( )
2 2
0
cos
tan tan
v
x
g

=


(1.17)
Substituting(1.17)into(1.13),andaftersimplificationgives:

2 2
0
2
cos
1
2 cos
v
y
g

= +


(1.18)
Theverticaldistancefromtheinclinedsurface y isobtainedby

( ) ( )
2 2 2
0
sec sin
tan
2
v
y y x
g

= = (1.19)
Multiplyingthisby cos givestheperpendiculardistancebetweentheparticleandtheinclinedsurface

( ) ( )
2 2
0
sec sin
tan
2
v
y y x
g

= = (1.20)