5LL40

Optical Fibre
Communications
Meint Smit (OED)
Xaveer Leijtens (OED)
Huug de Waardt (ECO)
Eduward Tangdiongga (ECO)
TTE: Telecommunication Technology and ElectroMagnetics
2
Course information
Book: Gerd Keiser
Optical Fiber communications
3
rd
ed, Mc Graw-Hill
Contact: Xaveer Leijtens, X.J .M.Leijtens@tue.nl, 5112
Website: http://w3.ele.tue.nl/oed (education & training)
Prior knowledge (Bachelor)
5GG10 Elektronica: Transistorschakelingen
5LL00 Basis elektromagnetisme
5LL10 Basis telecommunicatie
5LL50 Telecommunicatietechniek
Follow-up (EITT/BTT Master)
5MH10 Electro-optic devices
5MH30 Optical communication technology
5TT00 Optical communication Networks
5TT30 Photonic IC Design
3
Examination
Closed-book examination
formula sheet will be provided
Overview of optical fiber
communications
Keiser chapter 1
5
Standard Single-Mode (SM) Fibre
Fibre core
SiO
2
+ GeO
2
10 m
n 1.443
Fibre core
SiO
2
+ GeO
2
10 m
n 1.443
SiO
2
Cladding
125 m
n 1.44
SiO
2
Cladding
125 m
n 1.44
Primary coating (soft)
400 m
Primary coating (soft)
400 m
Secondary coating (hard)
1 mm
Secondary coating (hard)
1 mm
6
Optical attenuation in glass
1960
A
t
t
e
n
u
a
t
i
o
n

(
d
B
/
k
m
)
1
10
100
1000
0.1
1970 1980 1990 2000
20 dB/km (Corning)
0.16 dB/km
CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition)
7
Optical communication
+

TRANSMITTER
FIBRE
+

RECEIVER
8
Photodiode detector
Typical performance data:
Responsivity ~1 mA / mW
Bandwidth: 1-20 GHz
Typical performance data:
Responsivity ~1 mA / mW
Bandwidth: 1-20 GHz
+
9
Optical source
+

TRANSMITTER
FIBRE
Performance:
Modulation speed
Fibre-coupled power
Performance:
Modulation speed
Fibre-coupled power
10

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Typical performance data:
Power in MM-fibre: 100 W
Power in SM-fibre: 1 W
Direct Modulation Bandwidth: 100 MHz
Typical performance data:
Power in MM-fibre: 100 W
Power in SM-fibre: 1 W
Direct Modulation Bandwidth: 100 MHz
+
11
Laser
Typical performance:
Power (in fibre): 10-100 mW
Direct Modulation Bandwidth: 2-5 GHz
Typical performance:
Power (in fibre): 10-100 mW
Direct Modulation Bandwidth: 2-5 GHz
12
Laser
13
Packaged DFB laser
14
TV - radio
I.R.
U.V.
X-ray
-radiation
cosmic radiation
f (Hz)
Electromagnetic spectrum
(m)
1
10
-2
10
-4
10
-8
10
-6
10
-12
10
-10
10
20
10
18
10
16
10
14
10
12
10
10
10
8
Radar
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
violet
Visible light:
380 - 760 nm
700
400
500
600
(nm)
Optical communication
wavelengths
15
Some figures
Optical communication wavelength:
= 1500 nm corresponds to
= c/ 200 THz = 200.000 GHz
1% = 2 THz = 2000 GHz
EDFA = Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier:
bandwidth 30 nm 4 THz
16
Optical communication systems
First Generation, ~1975, 0.8 m
MM-fiber, GaAs-laser or LED
Second Generation, ~1980, 1.3 m, MM & SM-fiber
InGaAsP FP-laser or LED
Third Generation, ~1985, 1.55 m, SM-fiber
InGaAsP DFB-laser, ~ 1990 Optical amplifiers
Fourth Generation, 1996, 1.55 m
WDM-systems
1.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
Wavelength (m)
A
t
t
e
n
u
a
t
i
o
n
2 dB/cm
17
WDM-transmission
Multiwavelength
Transmitter
MUX
Multiwavelength
Receiver
DMX
optical
transmitter
optical
receiver
optical fiber
+
18
Undersea cable
Cable Capacity fully upgraded
(Gbps)
2,400
Fiber Pairs 6
Wavelengths per Fiber Pair 40
Gbps per Wavelength 10
Cable Length (km) 14,500
19
Undersea cables
20
Optical Transport Network
Courtesy: A.M.J . Koonen
Global Network
Wide Area Network
Metropolitan/Regional
Area Optical Network
Corporate/
Enterprise
Clients
Cable modem
Networks
Client/Access
Networks
FTTH
Mobile
SDH/
SONET
PSTN/IP
ISP
Gigabit
Ethernet
Cable
FTTB
ATM
fibre
IP
Fixed
Wireless
Access
TP
21
Advantages of optical communication
Huge bandwidth
Small and light
Low loss
Electrical isolation
No EMI (Lightning, interference)
Security (no tapping)
Reliability
Low cost per bit
22
Lecture schedule
Subject Week
Introduction 1 hr 5 Kaiser 1
Fibres 5 hrs 5,6,7 Kaiser 2,3
Sources 4 hrs 8,10 Kaiser 4
Coupling 1 hr 12 Kaiser 5
Photonic ICs 1 hr 12
External Lecture 1 hr 12
Detectors 2 hrs 13 Kaiser 6
Receivers 2 hrs 14 Kaiser 7
Systems 2 hrs 16 Kaiser 8,9
Networks 2 hrs 17 Handouts