Nguyn Xun Ti

DN XUT HALOGEN
A. PHN L THUYT
I. Khi nim, phn loi, ng phn, danh php:
1. khi nim: Khi thay th 1 hay nhiu nguyn t hidro trong h!n t hidro"a"#on #$ng 1 hay nhiu nguyn t
ha%og&n ta '()" d*n +u,t ha%og&n
- ./ d01 2H32%4 25H62%4 2H782%9
. phn loi:
! d:a ;<o %o=i ha%og&n ">1 d*n +u,t ?%o4 d*n +u,t "%o4 d*n +u,t #ro@4 d*n +u,t iot4 d*n +u,t "hAa 'Bng thCi @Dt ;<i
ha%og&n EhF" nhauG
- d:a th&o ",u t=o "Ha gI"1
J d*n +u,t ha%og&n no1 2H782%4 2H7J2%J2H72%4 2H3J2HKrJ2H39G
J d*n +u,t ha%og&n EhLng no1 287M2874 2H7M2HJ2%4 2H7M2HJ2H7Kr9
J d*n +u,t ha%og&n thN@1 25H684 25H62H72%4 25H6O9
- d:a th&o #P" "Ha "a"#on1 #P" "Ha d*n +u,t ha%og&n "h/nh %< #P" "Ha nguyn t 2 %in Et tr:" ti ;Qi nguyn t
ha%og&n
d*n +u,t ha%og&n #P" O1 2H32H72% R&ty% "%oruaS
d*n +u,t ha%og&n #P" OO1 2H32H2%2H3 RiToroy% "%oruaS
d*n +u,t ha%og&n #P" OOO1 R2H3S2JKr Rt&rt J #uty% #ro@uaS
". #ng phn $ danh php:
a. #ng phn: d*n +u,t ha%og&n "> 'Bng h!n @="h "a"#on ;< 'Bng h!n ;U tr/ nh>@ "hA"
;/ d01 82H72H72H72H34 2H32H82H72H34 82H72HR2H3S74 28R2H3S3
%. T&n 'h(ng 'h)*ng:
2H2%3R "%oro?o@S 4 2HKr3R#ro@o?o@S 4 2HO3R iodo?o@S
+. T&n g,+-+h.+:
2H7M2HJ2% R;iny% "%oruaS 2H7M2HJ2H7J2% Ran%y% "%oruaS 25H62H72% RK&nVy% "%oruaS
d. '&n 'hay 'h/: "oi "F" nguyn t ha%og&n %< "F" nh>@ th
2H7J2%J2H72% R147Jdi"%o&tanS 2H2%3 Rtri"%o@&tanS
II. T0nh +h1' $2' l3:
JW 'iu EiXn th(Cng "F" d*n +u,t @onoha%og&n "> h!n t EhIi nhY %< nhZng "h,t Eh/
J2F" d*n +u,t ha%og&n "> h!n t EhIi %Qn hNn [ th\ %Yng n]ng hNn n(Q"
JNhZng d*n +u,t o%iha%og&n "> h!n t EhIi %Qn hNn nZa [ th\ r^n
J 2F" d*n +u,t ha%og&n EhLng tan trong n(Q" tan trong dung @Li h!n ":"1 hidro"a"#on4 &t&
J Nhiu d*n +u,t ha%og&n "> ho=t t/nh Tinh h_" "ao 2H2%3 "> tF" d0ng g!y @4 25H52%5 diXt T!u #_
III. T0nh +h1' h4a h5+:
1. 6h7n .ng 'h/ nguy&n '8 halog9n %:ng nh4m ;<
Sdt 0985356189
chuy&n = d>n ?u1' halog9n
Nguyn Xun Ti
Th0 nghim 'h/ @l %:ng ;<
D*n +u,t ha%og&n
'` ra T="h 2%
J
AB+ $Ci n)C+, g=n %,y %Q
n(Q"4a+it h>a #$ng HNO34nhY ;<o
'> dung dU"h AgNO3
#un D(i $Ci n)C+, g=n %,y
%Q n(Q"4a+it h>a #$ng
HNO34nhY ;<o '> dung
dU"h AgNO3
#un $Ci dung dE+h
Na;<, g=n %,y %Q
n(Q"4a+it h>a #$ng HNO34
nhY ;<o '> dung dU"h
AgNO3
2H32H72H72%
Rroy% "%oruaS
KhLng "> Et tHa KhLng "> Et tHa 2> Fg@l Et tHa
2H7M2H2H72%
Ran%y% "%oruaS
KhLng "> Et tHa 2> Fg@l Et tHa 2> Fg@l Et tHa
25H6
Rh&ny% "%oruaS
KhLng "> Et tHa KhLng "> Et tHa KhLng "> Et tHa
Gi7i 'h0+h : - <D 'H IJ' Ia k/' lu2n Dau khi +4 %7ng +ung +1p
. 6h7n .ng '+h hidIo halog9nua:
J 2H3J2H72% - KOH
7 6
a
2 H OH
t

2H7M2H7 - K2% - H7O
J bTTc1 R'Ii ;Qi d*n +u,t ha%og&n no4 'Nn "hA"4 @="h h[S
2nH7n-1X - KOH
7 6
a
2 H OH
t

2nH7n - KX - H7O
- Quy tc Zaixep: Nguyn t t!c" #a c$ng %&i nguyn t H ' ( )*c ca+ ",n )n c-n".
". ph7n .ng $Ci magi9:
./ d01 2H32H7JKr - dg e 2H32H7JdgJKr R &ty% @agi& #ro@ua tan trong &t& S
IK. Lng dMng: Dgk
N. 6<ON NPI TQ6
@u 1 : fI 'Bng h!n "Ha 2gHhKr %<
F. gG N. 7G @. 3G R. 6G
@u : fI 'Bng h!n d*n +u,t ha%og&n #P" O "> 2TbT 2gHh2% %<
F. 7G N. 3G @. gG R. 6G
@u ": fI 'Bng h!n @="h h[ RE\ "i 'Bng h!n hjnh h_"S "Ha "h,t "> 2TbT %< 23H6Kr %<
F. 7G N. 3G @. gG R. 6G
@u S: dDt h) "h,t hZu "N k "> l EhIi %()ng "Ha 24 H4 2% %mn %()t %< 1 1g47nl o 141hl o ng463lG 2TbT "Ha k %<
F. 2H2%7 G N. 27H72%gG @. 27Hg2%7G R. @Dt Et pui EhF"G
@u T: D*n +u,t ha%og&n ."/ng "> 'Bng h!n "iTJtranT %<
F. 2H2%M2H2%G N. 2H7M2HJ2H78G @. 2H32HM2Kr2H3G R.2H32H72HM2H2H2%2H3G
@u U: Danh hF OUbA2 "Ha d*n +u,t ha%og&n "> "Lng thA" ",u t=o 1 2%2H72HR2H3S2H2%2H3 %<
F. 143J'i"%oJ7J@&ty%#utanG N. 74gJ'i"%oJ3J@&ty%#utanG
@. 143J'i"%o&ntanG R. 74gJ'i"%oJ7J@&ty%#utanG
@u V: 2ho "F" "h,t Tau1 25H62H72% o 2H32H2%2H3 o Kr72H2H3 o 2H7M2H2H72%G Tn g_i "Ha "F" "h,t trn %mn
%()t %<
F. #&nVy% "%orua o iToroy% "%orua o 141J'i#ro@&tan o an%y% "%oruaG
N. #&nVy% "%orua o 7J"%oroan o 147J'i#ro@&tan o1J"%oroJ7J&nG
Sdt 0985356189
chuy&n = d>n ?u1' halog9n
Nguyn Xun Ti
@. h&ny% "%orua o iToroy%"%orua o 141J'i#ro@&tan o 1J"%oroJ7J&nG
R. #&nVy% "%orua o nJroy% "%orua o 141J'i#ro@&tan o 1J"%oroJ7J&nG
@u W: 2ho "F" d*n +u,t ha%og&n Tau 1 27H68 R1S o 27H6Kr R7S o 27H6O R3S o 27H62% RgS thA t: gii@ dmn nhiXt 'D
TLi %<
F. R3SqR7SqRgSqR1SG N. R1SqRgSqR7SqR3SG @. R1SqR7SqR3SqRgSG R. R3SqR7SqR1SqRgSG
@u X: NhY dung dU"h AgNO3 ;<o Ing nghiX@ "hAa @Dt /t d*n +u,t ha%og&n 2H7M2H2H72%4 %^" nhrG HiXn t()ng
+iy ra %<
F. ThoFt ra Eh/ @<u ;<ng %0"G N. +u,t hiXn Et tHa tr^ngG
@. EhLng "> hiXn t()ngG R. +u,t hiXn Et tHa ;<ngG
@u 1Y: aG fin hs@ "h/nh "Ha hin Ang tF"h HKr "Ha 2H32HR2H3S2HKr2H3 %<
F. 7J@&ty%#utJ7J&nG N. 3J@&ty%#utJ7J&nG @. 3J@&ty%J#utJ1J&nG R. 7J@&ty%#utJ1J&nG
#G fin hs@ "h/nh t=o th<nh Ehi "ho 7J#ro@#utan tF" d0ng ;Qi dung dU"h KOHtan"o%4 'un n>ng
F. @&ty%+i"%oroanG N. #utJ7Jo%G @. #utJ1J&nG R. #utJ7J&nG
@u 11: uun n>ng 134nv6 ga@ @Dt anEy% "%orua w ;Qi dung dU"h NaOH4 tF"h #Y %Q hZu "N4 a+it h>a hmn "xn %=i
#$ng dung dU"h HNO34 nhY ti ;<o dd AgNO3 th,y t=o th<nh 714676 ga@ Et tHaG 2TbT "Ha w %<
F. 27H62%G N. 23Hv2%G @. 2gHh2%G R. 26H112%G
@u 1: f: tF"h hi'ro ha%og&nua "Ha d*n +u,t ha%og&n X "> 2TbT 2gHh2% "ho 3 o%&?in 'Bng h!n4 X %< "h,t n<o
trong nhZng "h,t Tau '!y y
F. nJ #uty% "%oruaG N. T&"J#uty% "%oruaG @. iToJ#uty% "%oruaG R. t&rtJ#uty% "%oruaG
@u 1": 2ho h) "h,t thN@ 1 2%25Hg2H72% - dung dU"h KOH R%o`ng4 d(4 t
o
S ta thu '()" "h,t n<o y
F. HO25Hg2H7OHG N. 2%25Hg2H7OHG @. HO25Hg2H72%G R. KO25Hg2H7OHG
@u 1S: 2ho h) "h,t thN@ 1 2%25Hg2H72% - dung dU"h KOH R']"4 d(4 t
o
4 S ta thu '()" "h,t n<oy
F. KO25Hg2H7OKG N. HO25Hg2H7OHG @. 2%25Hg2H7OHG R. KO25Hg2H7OHG
@u 1T: ThHy h!n d*n +u,t ha%og&n n<o Tau '!y Tz thu '()" an"o% y
R1S 2H32H72%G R7S 2H32HM2H2%G R3S 25H62H72%G RgS 25H62%G
F. R1S4 R3SG N. R1S4 R7S4 R3SG @. R1S4 R7S4 RgSG R.R1S4 R7S4 R3S4 RgSG
@u 1U: aG uun TLi d*n +u,t ha%og&n X ;Qi n(Q" @Dt thCi gian4 Tau '> th@ dung dU"h AgNO3 ;<o th,y +u,t hiXn
Et tHaG X %<
F. 2H7M2H2H72%G N. 2H32H72H72%G @. 25H62H7KrG R. A ho]" 2G
#G uun TLi d*n +u,t ha%og&n X ;Qi dung dU"h NaOH %o`ng @Dt thCi gian4 Tau '> th@ dung dU"h AgNO3 ;<o
th,y +u,t hiXn Et tHaG X ."/ng th\ %<
F. 2H7M2H2H72%G N. 2H32H72H72%G @. 25H62H72%G R. 25H62%G
@u 1V: Khi 'un n>ng d*n +u,t ha%og&n X ;Qi dung dU"h NaOH t=o th<nh h) "h,t an'&hit a+&ti"G Tn "Ha h)
"h,t X %<
F. 147J 'i#ro@&tanG N. 141J 'i#ro@&tanG @. &ty% "%oruaG R. A ;< K '{ngG
@u 1W: H) "h,t X "> "hAa ;xng #&nV&n ;< "> 2TbT %< 2vH52%7G ThHy h!n X trong NaOH ']"
Rt
o
"ao4 "aoS thu '()" "h,t w "> 2TbT %< 2vHvO7NaG H`y "ho #it X "> #ao nhiu 2T2T y
F. 3G N. 6G @. gG R. 7G
@u 1X: 2ho TN 'B hin Ang Tau1
2H
3
X
Kr
7
taT
w
Kr
7
t8&4 t
o
k
dd NaOH
T
NaOH nt"4 t
o
4

X4 w4 k4 T "> "Lng thA" %mn %()t %<
F. J2H325HgKr4 J2H7Kr25HgKr4 JHO2H725HgKr4 JHO2H725HgOHG
N. 2H7Kr25H64 J2H7KrJ25HgKr4 JHO2H725HgKr4 JHO2H725HgOHG
@. 2H7KrJ25H64 J2H7KrJ25HgKr4 J2H325HgOH4 J2H7OH25HgOHG
R. J2H325HgKr4 J2H7Kr25HgKr4 J2H7Kr25HgOH4 J2H7OH25HgOHG
Sdt 0985356189
chuy&n = d>n ?u1' halog9n
Nguyn Xun Ti
@u Y: 2ho TN 'B hin Ang Tau 1 2Hg e X e we ke T e 25H6OHG RX4 w4 k %< "F" "h,t hZu "N EhF" nhauSG k
%<
F. 25H62%G N. 25H6NH7G @. 25H6NO7G R. 25H6ONaG
@u 1: X %< d*n +u,t "%o "Ha &tanG uun n>ng X trong NaOH d( thu '()" "h,t hZu "N w ;|a tF" d0ng ;Qi Na ;|a
tF" d0ng ;Qi 2uROHS7 [ nhiXt 'D th(CngG .Py X %<
F. 1414747Jt&tra"%o&tanG N. 147J'i"%o&tanG
@. 141J'i"%o&tanG R. 14141Jtri"%o&tanG
@u : 2ho 6 "h,t1 2H32H72H72% R1So 2H7M2H2H72% R7So 25H62% R3So 2H7M2H2% RgSo
25H62H72% R6SG uun t|ng "h,t ;Qi dung dU"h NaOH %o`ng4 d(4 Tau '> g=n %,y %Q n(Q" ;< a+it hoF #$ng dung dU"h
HNO34 Tau '> nhY ;<o '> dung dU"h AgNO3 thj "F" "h,t "> +u,t hiXn Et tHa tr^ng %<
F. R1S4 R3S4 R6SG N. R7S4 R3S4 R6SG @. R1S4 R7S4 R3S4 R6SG R. R1S4 R7S4 R6SG
@u ": 2ho TN 'B "huy\n hoF 1 K&nV&n A K 2 A a+it i"ri"G K %<
F. h&ny%"%oruaG N. o }2r&Vo%G @. Natri h&no%atG R. bh&no%G
@u S: 2ho TN 'B hin Ang 1
+ + NaOH C Cl
Y X
a
7
6aa 4
an"o% an%y%i"G X %< "h,t n<o Tau '!y y
F. broanG N. Xi"%oroanG @. bro&nG R. broinG
@u T: 2ho TN 'B Tau 1 27H6Kr
&t& 4 dg
A

7
2O
K
+H2%
2G 2 "> "Lng thA" %<
F. 2H32OOHG N. 2H32H72OOHG @. 2H32H7OHG R. 2H32H72H72OOHG
@u U: 2ho #Dt dg ;<o 'i&ty% &t& Ehan4 Ehu,y @=nh4 EhLng th,y hiXn t()ng gjG NhY t| t| ;<o '> &ty% #ro@ua4
Ehu,y 'u thj dg tan dmn thu '()" dung dU"h 'Bng nh,tG 2F" hiXn t()ng trn '()" giii th/"h nh( Tau1
F. dg EhLng tan trong 'i&ty% &t& @< tan trong &ty% #ro@uaG
N. dg EhLng tan trong 'i&ty% &t&4 dg hin Ang ;Qi &ty% #ro@ua th<nh &ty% @agi&#ro@ua tan trong &t&G
@. dg EhLng tan trong 'i&ty% &t& nh(ng tan trong h~n h) 'i&ty% &t& ;< &ty% #ro@uaG
R. dg EhLng tan trong 'i&ty% &t&4 dg hin Ang ;Qi &ty% #ro@ua th<nh 27H6dg tan trong &t&G
@u V: 2ho TN 'B1 25H5

@JHO25HgNH7G X4 w4 k t(Nng Ang %<

F. 25H6NO74 @J2%25HgNO74 @JHO25HgNO7G
N. 25H6NO74 25H6NH74 @JHO25HgNO7G
@. 25H62%4 @J2%25HgNO74 @JHO25HgNO7G
R. 25H62%4 25H6OH4 @JHO25HgNO7G
@u W: 2h,t n<o Tau '!y EhLng hii %< d*n +u,t ha%og&n "Ha hidro"a"#on1
AG 2H7M2HJ2H7JKr KG 2%J2HKrJ283 2G 2H2%7J287JOJ2H3 DG 25H52%5
@u X: H) "h,t w '()" 'iu "h t| To%u&n th&o TN 'B TauG XF" 'Unh w
To%u&n
as Cl 4
7
w
AG oJ"%oto%u&n KG @J"%oto%u&n 2G J"%oto%u&n DG #&nVy% "%orua
@u "Y: fin hs@ "h/nh "Ha hin Ang giZa ro&n ;< dung dU"h n(Q" "%o R2%7 - H7OS %<1
AG 2H3J2H2%J2H3G KG 2H3J2HROHSJ2H3G 2G 2H3J2H2%J2H72%G
DG 2H3J2H2%J2H7OHG EG 2H3J2HROHSJ2H72%
@u "1: uIt "hFy ho<n to<n @Dt %()ng "h,t hZu "N "hAa 24 H4 2% Tinh ra a477g 2O7 ;< a4ahg H7OG Khi +F" 'Unh
2%o #$ng AgNO3 thu '()" 14g36g Ag2%G T EhIi hNi "Ha "h,t To ;Qi hidro #$ng g746aG XF" 'Unh 2TbT "Ha "h,t hZu
"N trnG
AG 27Hg2%7 KG 2H32% 2G 2H2%3 DG 2H72%7G
@u ": 2ho %mn %()t "F" "h,t 27H62%4 27H6OH4 25H6OH ;<o dung dU"h NaOH 'un n>ngG HYi "> #ao nhiu "h,t
tha@ gia hin Ang
AG KhLng "h,t n<o KG dDt 2G Hai DG 2i #a "h,t
@u "": uun n>ng
Cl CH
2
Cl
;Qi dung dU"h NaOH "> d(G XF" 'Unh Tin hs@ thu '()"
AG KG 2G DG
Cl CH
2
HO HO CH
2
Cl CH
2
HO ONa ONa CH
2
NaO
@u "S: XF" 'Unh "Lng thA" ",u t=o '{ng "Ha #&nVy% #ro@ua
Sdt 0985356189
chuy&n = d>n ?u1' halog9n
Nguyn Xun Ti
AG KG 2G DG
Br Br H
3
C CHBr CH
3
CH
2
Br
@u "T: XF" 'Unh X trong "hu~i hin Ang Tau1
X - 2%7
as t
o
4
w - k X - H7
o
t Ni4
T X - HNO3
g 7
SO H
TNT
AG 25H5 KG 25H62H3 2G 25H6OH DG 25H62%
@u "U: uun n>ng
Cl CH2 Cl
;Qi dung dU"h NaOH "> d(G XF" 'Unh Tin hs@ thu '()"
AG KG 2G DG
Cl CH
2
HO
HO CH
2
Cl
CH
2
HO ONa ONa CH
2
NaO
@u "V: fin hs@ "h/nh thu '()" Ehi "ho 3J"%o #utJ1J&n tF" d0ng ;Qi HKr "> tn thay th %<1
AG1J#ro@J3J"%o #utan KG 7J#ro@J3J"%o #utan 2G 7J#ro@J7J"%o #utan DG 7J"%oJ3#ro@ #utan
@u "W: dDt hidro"a"#on X "Dng h) ;Qi a+it H2% th&o t %X @o% 111 t=o Tin hs@ %< @Dt d*n +u,t "%orua "Ha
hidro"a"#on X "> th<nh hmn EhIi %()ng "Ha "%o %< g64773lG .Py "Lng thA" h!n t "Ha X %<1
AG 23H5 KG 23Hg 2G 27Hg 2gHn
@u "X: H`y "h_n '{ng "Lng thA" ",u t=o "Ha X R23H6Kr3SG Kit r$ng Ehi thu h!n ho<n to<n X #$ng dung dU"h
NaOH thu '()" Tin hs@ w"hAa nh>@ an"o% RJOHS #P" nh,t ;< nh>@ an'&hit RJ2HOSG
Kr Kr

AG 2H3J2J2H7JKr KG 2H3J2H7J2JKr 2G 2H3J2HJ2HJKr DG 2H7J2H7J2HJKr

Kr Kr Kr Kr Kr Kr
@u SY: 2ho TN 'B hin Ang Tau1 R S 3 1
HBr
X metyl but en

G .Py RXS %< d*n +u,t n<o Tau '!y1

AG 2H3J2HJ2H7J2H7Kr KG 2H3J2KrJ2H7J2H3 2G Kr2H7J2HJ2H7J2H3 KG 2H3J2HJ2HKrJ2H3

2H3 2H3 2H3 2H3
@u S1: 2ho hin Ang TauG H`y +F" 'Unh K
CH
2
Cl
Cl
+ NaOH
du

t
o
AG KG 2G DG
CH
2
OH
OH
CH2ONa
OH
CH2OH
Cl
CH
2
OH
ONa
@u 42:
Dn xut halogen c dng lm cht gy m l :
A. CHCl
3
. CH
3
Cl C. C!
"
Cl
"
D. C!Cl
3
@u 43:
Dn xut halogen c# t$c d%ng d&'t (u )* +t,-c y c dng nh&.u t,ong n/ng
ngh&'01 l :
A. Cl,CH 2 C!3 . CH3C3H"+45"13 C. C3H3Cl3 D. Cl"CH 2 C!"
2 5CH
3
@u 44:
6onome dng 7 t8ng h0 9:C l :
A. CH" ; CHCl . CCl" ; CCl" C. CH" ; CHCH"Cl D. C!" ; C!"
@u 45:
9ol&me c dng lm l-0 che 0h< ch=ng )$m d>nh cho xoong? ch@o... l :
A. 9ol&+A&nyl clo,ua1.
Sdt 0985356189
chuy&n = d>n ?u1' halog9n
B
Nguyn Xun Ti
. BeCon.
C. BhuD t&nh hEu cF G0ol&+metyl metac,ylat1H.
D. 9ol&et&len.
Sdt 0985356189
chuy&n = d>n ?u1' halog9n