Pho Cua Cac Tin Hieu PDF

Giang vien: Th.
S Le Xuan Ky
Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
9/7/2009
1
Chng 3
PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S
Ni dung:
3.1 Bin i Fourier
3.1.1 nh ngha
3.1.2 Cc tnh cht
3.2 Ph ca mt s tn hiu thng dng
3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng
3.3.2 Ph ca tn hiu c cng sut trung bnh hu hn
3.3.3 Ph ca tn hiu tun hon
3.3 Mt ph
3.3.1 Mt ph nng lng
3.3.2 Mt ph cng sut
3.3.3 Mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu tun hon
Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
9/7/2009
2
Chng 3 PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S
3.1 Bin i Fourier
3.1.1 nh ngha
( ) ( )
j t
X x t e dt
=

1
( ) ( )
2
j t
x t X e

d
=

(Bin i thun)
(Bin i ngc)
( )
( ) ( )
j
X X e

=
Ph thc
( ) ( ) ( ) X P jQ = +
Ph o
X() c gi l ph ca tn hiu x(t). K hiu:
( ) ( )
F
x t X
Tng qut, ph X() l mt hm phcPhn tch thnh cc ph thnh phn
Ph bin
Ph pha
9/7/2009
3
VD1:
Chng 3 PHN TCH TN HIU MIN TN S (tt)
Hy xc nh v v ph ca tn hiu x(t)
p dng cng thc bin i Fourier:
x(t)
t
0
T/2 -T/2
A
/ 2
/ 2
( ) ( )
2
. .
2
si n
2
.
2
2
| ( ) |
2
j t
T
j t
j t
T
X x t e dt
T
e
A e dt A
T j
T
AT
T
T
AT Sa
T
X AT Sa
=
= =

=
=
=
AT
0

2/T
4 /T
-4 /T
-2/T
X()
??? V ph bin v ph pha
9/7/2009
4
3.1.2 Tnh cht
a. Tnh cht chn l:
Nu x(t) l hm thc : ph bin |X()|: hm chn
ph pha (): hm l
ph thc Q(): hm chn
ph o P(): hm l
Quan h:
( ) ( );
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
F
F F
F
x t X
x t X x t X
x t X
1
( ) 1( ) ( )
1
( ) 1( ) ( )
t
t
x t e t X
j
x t e t X
j
= =
+
= =
VD2:
9/7/2009
5
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ,
F
a x t a x t a X a X a a + +
3
( ) 3 2
t t
x t e e

=
1 2
1 1
2 2 2
2 2
2
3& 2
2 6 12
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 9
6
( ) ( )
9
t
F
t
F
a a
x t e X X
x t e X

= =
= = =
+ + +
= =
+
3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)
b. Tnh cht tuyn tnh:
Nu
th
1 1 2 2
( ) ( ); ( ) ( )
F F
x t X x t X
V d 3: Xc nh ph ca tn hiu sau:
9/7/2009
6
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) x t X X t x
3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)
c. Tnh cht i ngu:
d. Tnh cht thay i thang o:
V d 4:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ); 0;
t
x t X x a X a a
a

( )
2
3
( ); 1/ 3
3 6
3
3 ( ); 3.
3 2
t T
TSa
T
t T T
Sa a
T
t T
TSa a
T

=

=


9/7/2009
7
3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)
e. Tnh cht dch chuyn trong min thi gian:
f. Tnh cht dch chuyn trong min tn s:
0
0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
j t
x t X x t t X e

Tnh cht iu ch
0
0
0
0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
j t
j t
x t e X
x t X
x t e X
[ ]
[ ]
1
( ) cos( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
( )sin( ) ( ) ( )
2
o o o
o o o
x t t X X
x t t X X
j

+ +
+
9/7/2009
8
X()
1
0
Y()
1/2
0

0
-
0
3.1.2 Tnh cht (tt)
V d 5: Cho x(t) c ph nh hnh v. V ph ca tn hiu y(t)=x(t).cos
0
t ?
g. Tnh cht tch chp:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( )]
2
x t y t X Y
x t y t X Y

K hiu tch
chp
' ' '
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x t y t x t y t t d t
+

=
*** nh ngha tch chp:

9/7/2009
9
3.2 Ph ca mt s tn hiu thng dng:
3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng:
a. Xung vung:
( )
2
t T
TSa
T
t
x(t)
1
0 T/2 -T/2
TSa(T/2)
X()
T
0

2/T
4/T
-2/T
-4/T
9/7/2009
10
3.2.1 Ph ca tn hiu nng lng (tt):
b. Xung tam gic:
2
( )
2
t T
TSa
T

1
0
x(t)
-T
T
0
Sa
2
(T/2)
0
T
X()
-4/T
4/T
-2/T
2/T
9/7/2009
11
c. Hm Sa:
0
0 0
( )
2
Sa t

Sa(
0
t )
x(t)
1
0
t
/
0
-2/
0
2/
0
X()
0

0
-
0
0
/
-/
0
9/7/2009
12
d. Hm Sa
2
:
2
0
0 0
( )
2
Sa t

Sa
2
(
0
t)
0 t
1
x(t)
/
0
2/
0
-/
0
-2/
0
0
X()
2
0
0 -2
0
/
0
9/7/2009
13
e. Hm m:
Hm x(t) khng chnph X() hm phc
1
( ) , 0
t
e u t
j
>
+
2 2
1
| ( ) | ; ( ) X arctg

= =
+
9/7/2009
14
f. Hm e
-|t|
:
2 2
2
t
e

+
9/7/2009
15
3.2.2 Ph ca tn hiu cng sut trung bnh hu hn:
a. Hm (t):
t
0
(t)
x(t)
0
X()
1
( ) 1 t
b. Hm x(t)=1:
0
2
X()
t
0
x(t)
1
1 2 ( )
9/7/2009
16
3.2.2 Ph ca tn hiu cng sut trung bnh hu hn:
a. Hm u(t):
1
( ) ( ) u t
j

+
|X()|
0

1
t
0
x(t)
9/7/2009
17
0
0
2 ( )
j t
e

X()
0
0
2
3.2.2 Ph ca tn hiu cng sut trung bnh hu hn (tt):
d. Hm e
j0t
:
0
0
1 2 ( )
1 2 ( )
j t
e

Tnh cht dch
trong min tn s
Chng minh:
9/7/2009
18
X()
0

0
-
0
x(t)
0
1
t
0
4
0
2
0
2
0
4
0
6
2

-1
|X()|
0

0
-
0
x(t)
0
-1
1
t
0
7
2

0
3
2

0
5
2
0
9
2

0
11
2

0
2
{ }
0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) Sin t j + +
{ }
0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) Cos t + +
d. Hm e
j0t
(tt):
9/7/2009
19
Dng khai trin Fourier dng phc:
trong :
0
0
2
( ) ;
jn t
n
n
x t X e
T
+
=
= =
0
0
0
1
( ) ; 0, 1, 2, 3,...
t T
jn t
n
t
X x t e dt n
T
= =

(*)
(**)
3.2.3 Ph ca tn hiu tun hon:
Cho x(t) l tn hiu tun hon vi chu k T.
9/7/2009
20
3.2.3 Ph ca tn hiu tun hon (tt):
Cch xc nh h s X
n
:
Cch 1: s dng cng thc (**)
Cch 2: i. Xt tn hiu x
T
(t) trong mt chu k T, t[t
0
,t
0
+T].
ii. Xc nh X
T
() dng bin i Fourier cho x
T
(t).
iii. X
n
= X
T
(n
0
)/T.
0
( ) 2 ( )
n
n
X X n
+
=
=
Ph ca tn hiu tun hon c dng:

0
0
2 ( )
j t
e

Chng minh: p dng cng thc: cho biu
thc (*) trn.
9/7/2009
21
a. Ph ca dy xung vung n cc:
x(t)
t
0
/2 -/2
T
-T
T = 5
V x(t) l tn hiu tun hon, nn ph c dng:
0
( ) 2 ( )
n
n
X X n
+
=
=
Xc nh h s ph X
n
:
9/7/2009
22
a. Ph ca dy xung vung n cc (tt):
0 0
/ 2 / 2
/ 2 / 2
0
1 1
( )
2
T
j n t j n t
n
T
X x t e d t Ae dt
T T
A S a n A Sa n
T T T

= =
= =

Cch 2:
: ( ) ( ) ( )
2
T T
t
Tac x t A X A Sa

= =

0
0
( )
( )
2
2
( ) ( )
2
T
n
n
A Sa
X n
X
T T
A n n
Sa A Sa
T T T T

= =
= =
9/7/2009
23
a. Ph ca dy xung vung n cc (tt):
Suy ra, biu thc ph:
0
( ) 2 ( ) ( )
n
X A Sa n n
T T

+
=
=
X()
2A/5
0
2/
4/
-6/
2/T
T=5
9/7/2009
24
b. Ph ca phn b lc:
0
( ) 2 ( )
n
n
X X n
+
=
=
t
x(t)
1
0
-T -2T
T
2T
1
( ) |||
t
x t
T T

=

V x(t) l tn hiu tun hon, nn ph c dng:
0
( ) 2 ( )
n
n
X X n
+
=
=
Xc nh h s ph X
n
:
9/7/2009
25
0 0
0
/ 2 / 2
/ 2 / 2
/ 2
/ 2
1 1 1
( ) |||
1 1
( )
T T
jn t jn t
n
T T
T
jn t
T
t
X x t e dt e dt
T T T T
t e dt
T T

= =

= =

b. Ph ca phn b lc (tt):
Cch 2:
: ( ) ( ) ( ) 1
T T
Tac x t t X = =
0
( ) 1
T
n
X n
X
T T
= =
9/7/2009
26
0 0
2
( ) 2 ( ) ( )
n
n n
X X n n
T

+ +
= =
= =

0
1
||| |||
t
T T
X()
0
0

0
2
0
-
0
-2
0
b. Ph ca phn b lc (tt):
Suy ra, biu thc ph:
Nh vy:
9/7/2009
27
0 T/2 -T/2
2T -2T
t
x(t)
A
2
0 0
( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
2 4
n
n n
A n
X X n Sa n

+ +
= =
= =

( )
/ 2
T
t
x t A
T

=

2
( ) ( )
2 4
T
AT T
X Sa

=
2
0
2
( )
2 4
( )
2 4 4
n
n T AT
Sa
A n
X Sa
T
= =
V d 6: Xc nh ph ca tn hiu tun hon sau:
Hng dn:
9/7/2009
28
3.3 Mt ph:
3.3.1 Mt ph nng lng ESD (Energy Spectrum Density)
c trng cho phn b nng lng tn hiu trong min tn s
2
( ) ( ) X =
Quan h gia ESD v hm t tng quan:
nh l Parseval v nng lng:
( ) ( )
j
e d
=

1
( ) ( )
2
j
e d
( ) ( )
F

,ngha l:
2 1
( ) ( )
2
x t dt d
+ +

=

9/7/2009
29
3.3.1 Mt ph nng lng ESD (tt)
Cc cch tnh nng lng ca mt tn hiu:
T nh ngha:
T hm t tng quan:
T nh l Parseval :
2
( )
x
E x t d t
+

=

(0)
x
E =
1
( )
2
x
E d

9/7/2009
30
3.3.1 Mt ph nng lng ESD (tt)
V d 7: Cho tn hiu sau. Hy xc nh () v E
x
?
1
( ) ( ) ( )
t
x t e u t X
j
= =
+
2
2
2 2
1 1
( ) ( ) X
j

= = =
+ +
1/
2
0
()
Tnh nng lng:
2 2
1
( )
2
1 1 1
2 2
x
E d
d

=
= =
+
??? Cch khc

9/7/2009
31
3.3 Mt ph:
3.3.2 Mt ph cng sut PSD (Power Spectrum Density)
c trng cho phn b cng sut tn hiu trong min tn s
( )
( ) lim
T
T
T
=
,trong :
( ) ( )
T
t
x t x t
T

=

1
( ) ()
F
T T
x t

Quan h gia PSD v hm t tng quan:
nh l Parseval v cng sut:
( ) ( )
F

/ 2
2
/ 2
1 1
l i m ( ) ( )
2
T
x T
T
T
P x t d t d
T

+

= =

9/7/2009
32
T nh ngha:
T hm t tng quan:
T nh l Parseval :
(0)
x
P =
3.3.2 Mt ph cng sut PSD (tt)
Cc cch tnh cng sut ca mt tn hiu:
/ 2
2
/ 2
1
l i m ( )
T
x T
T
T
P x t d t
T

=

1
( )
2
x
P d
+

=

9/7/2009
33
3.3.2 Mt ph cng sut PSD
(tt)
V d 8: Cho tn hiu sau. Hy xc nh PSD v P
x
?
Tnh cng sut:
t
u(t)
0
1
T/2
-T/2
t
T

/4
( ) ( )
/2
T
t t T
x t u t
T T

= =

/4
( )
2 4
j T
T
T T
X Sa e

=

2
2
( )
( ) lim lim ( )
4 4
T
T T
T T
Sa
T

= = =

1 1 1
( ) ( )
2 2 2
x
P d d

+ +

= = =

2
2
2
( ) ( )
4 4
T
T T
X Sa

= =

9/7/2009
34
3.3.3 Mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu tun hon:
Ph ca tn hiu tun hon:
2
0 0
( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )
n n
n n
X n n
+ +
= =
= =

0
( ) 2 ( )
n
n
X X n
+
=
=
PSD ca n c dng:
nh l Parseval i vi tn hiu tun hon:
2
1
( ) | |
2
x n
n
P d X
+

=
= =

Cch tnh cng sut P

x
: (tng t phn 3.3.2)
9/7/2009
35
3.3.3 Mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu tun hon
(tt)
V d 9: Cho tn hiu sau x(t)=cos
0
t. Hy xc nh PSD v P
x
?
Tnh cng sut:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0
0 0
2 2
0 0
( )
2
2 2
( ) 2
4 4
X A
A A
A A

= + +

= + +

= + +

2 2 2
4 4 2
x n
n
A A A
P
=
= = + =
2
2 2
0
0
1
cos
2
T
x
A
P A tdt
T
= =
hoc:

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Giang vien: Th.

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

*** nh ngha tch chp:

Ph ca tn hiu tun hon c dng:

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

??? Cch khc

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Cch tnh cng sut P

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