MT Questions 1

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Lavender International Online Assessments: Magnetic Particle: Module 6-1:
Magnetic Particle Testing
Copyright 2000. Lavender International Online Assessments are copyrighted and may only be used
for personal use. Your use of the assessments signifies your acknowledgement of this fact and full
understanding of the website Terms and Conditions.
1. Which of the following types of magnetic field exhibits no external flux leakage in the absence of
discontinuities?
Vectored
Longitudinal
Circular
All of the above exhibit external flux leakage
2. Which of the following materials will have a permeability slightly greater than that of free space?
Iron
Aluminium
Copper
Gadolinium
3. What is the value given in SI unites for the permeability of free space?
1
0.72 Tesla
5 Gausss
4 x 10
-7
Henries/M

4. When a ferromagnetic material becomes magentised under the influence of an increasing stronger
magnetising force, which of the following occurs?
Domains become larger and fewer in number
Domains become smaller and fewer in number
Domains become smaller and greater in number
Domains become larger and greater in number
5. Which of the following would constitute a low reluctance preferential path?
Non metallic inclusion
Ferromagnetic particle
Copper
Air
6. When carrying out magnetic particle inspection, flux density is generated into the ferromagnetic
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Page 1 of 4 Lavender International: Magnetic Particle Assessments: Module 6-1
9/18/2001 http://www.lavender-ndt.com/assessments/mt/module6-1.html
material being inspected. One unit of flux density is the gauss. How many webers per square metre
equal one gauss?
0.72
10
-4
2 x 10
-6
0.00072
7. The right hand rule shows which of the following relationships?
Electron flow from negative to positive with a magnetic field parallel to the current flow
Current flow from negative to positive with a magnetic field perpendicular to the
current flow
Electron flow from positive to negative with a magnetic field parrallel to the current
Current flow from positive to negative with a magnetic field peroendicular to the
current flow
8. A ferromagnetic material with a steep initial curve will have which of the following properties?
Low permeability
Low coercivity
High reluctance
The material will have all of the above properties
9. When magnetising with alternating current, a lagging effect occurs where by the magnetic flux
density within the metrial lags behind the applied magentising force. What is this phenomena called?
Retentivity
Reluctance
Hysteresis
Permeability
10. Direct induction will always generate which of the following types of magnetic field?
Circular
Longitudinal
Vectored
All the above could be generated
11. The curie point is the temperature at which a ferromagnetic material will become paramagnetic and
as such loose its high susceptibility to magnetisation. What is the curie point temperature for cobalt?
770 Degrees Farenheit
1130 Degrees Farenheit
770 Degrees Celsius
1130 Degrees Celsius
12. The magnetic flux lines which flow through a bar magnet form closed loops but can be broken by
which of the following?
A change in permeability
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A non metallic inclusion
A crack
None of the above will cause a break in a flux line
13. The earth itself has a magnetic effect which can affect ferromagnetic materials. Which of the
following best describes this magnetic effect?
Mono-Polar
Bi -Polar
Multi-Polar
Circular Magnetic Fields
14. A fault in magnetised material will best be detected when it lies in which of the following directions?
Parallel to the magnetic field
Perpendicular to the magnetic field
Parrallel to the magnetising current
Perpendicular to the magnetising force
Both parallel to the magnetic field and perpendicular to the the magnetising force
Both perpendicular to the magnetic field and parrallel to the magnetising current
15. A change in which property of between the material being inspected and the discontinuity to be
detected generates flux leakage?
Conductivity
Permeability
Oxidisation
Hysteresis
16. Which of the following materials would be considered to be have a permeability much greater than
that of air?
Aluminium
Bismuth
Zinc
Gadolinium
None of the above have a permeability much greater than air
17. Which of the following flux leakage curvatures will have the greatest attraction for magnetic
particles?
Low Curvature
No Curvature
Highly curved
Curvature has no effect on magnetic particle attraction
18. A discontinuity which generates flux leakage on the surface of a ferromagnetic material will have a
high factor for which of the following properties?
Permeability
Reluctance
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Retentivity
Both reluctance and retentivity
19. Which of the following decribes a Hall Effect Element Sensor?
Two coils placed mutually perpendicular
A P-N junction within a semi-conductor
Current carrying semi -conductor crystals
Coils wound around cylindrical ferrite
20. Which of the following materials will have the largest relative permeability value?
0.9% Carbon
Nickel (99% annealed)
Cobalt (99% annealed)
Aluminium

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All Content & Design is Copyright 2000 Lavender International NDT Ltd
Here are the corrections:
1. Circular
2. Aluminium
3. 4 x 10
-7
Henries/M
4. Domains become larger and fewer in number
5. Ferromagnetic particle
6. 10
-4

7. Current flow from positive to negative with a magnetic field peroendicular to the
current flow
8. Low coercivity
9. Hysteresis
10. Circular
11. 1130 Degrees Celsius
12. None of the above will cause a break in a flux line
13. Bi-Polar
14. Both perpendicular to the magnetic field and parrallel to the magnetising current
15. Permeability
16. Gadolinium
17. Highly curved
18. Reluctance
19. Current carrying semi-conductor crystals
20. Nickel (99% annealed)


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1. Which of the following is an advantage of three phase electrcity over single phase electricity?
More particle mobility especially when using dry powder
Better detection of surface breaking faults due to skin effect
Less current input per phase
All of the above are advantages
2. When using field flow magnetisation (solenoid heads) a reference standard whould be used with a
known artificial discontinuity located where on the standard?
At the centre of the cross section
At a position one third along itself
In the centre of the materials length
None of the above should be used to evaluate field flow magnetisation
3. For what reasons are laminated iron cores used for the production of AC electromagnetic yokes?
They are easier to encapsulate in plastic
Better efficiency in the generation of magnetic fields
Solid iron would be too heavy
Solid iron would not give the skin effect
4. When using a threading bar (central conductor) to test a hollow tube, it needs to be placed where in
relation to the tubes inner diameter for optimum inspection to be carried out?
In the centre of the tube
Adjacent to the inner circumference of the tube
Adjacent to the outer circumference of the tube
The conductor can be placed in any of the above positions
5. The output of power packs needed to magnetise forgings and castings too large to place in
stationary units is in the range?
6 - 20 MA
0.25 - 3 KA
6 - 20 KA
0.25 - 3 MA
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6. When direct current is passed through a central conductor inserted through a holow tubes at what
point is the magnetic field intensity essentially zero?
At the inner circumference of the tube
At the exact centre of the threading bar
On the surface of teh tube
Both at the inner circumference of the tube and at the exact centre of the threading
bar
7. Under optimum conditions with dry powder for substances flaw detection, which of the following
waveforms would best be used?
Direct current
Three phase rectified alternating current - full wave
Alternating current
Single phase rectified alternating current - half wave
8. Under optimum conditions magnetic particles used with the wet method are made from iron oxide
rather than higer permeability iron. What are the reasons for this choice?
Iron oxide is more dense than iron
Iron oxide is less dense than iron
Iron oxide falls out of suspension quicker than iron
Iron falls out of suspension quicker than iron oxide
Both Iron oxide is less dense than iron and Iron falls out of suspension quicker than
iron oxide
9. The following is a standard definition, 'A small portable device containing artificial discontinuities
used to determine when the correct magnetising conditions have been achieved.' Which of the
following is correct?
Flux meter
Flux indicator
Gauss meter
Image quality indicator
10. Which of the following techniques would best be used to detect circumferential faults in rings
without damaging the parts surface in one shot?
Direct induction between contract heads across diameter of ring
A threading bar
Induced current generating a toroidal magnetic field
Magnetic flow across the diamter of ring
11. Using 10 amps per mm diameter how much current is to be used to magnetise a bar 25 x 20 mm x
2 metres long on a bench unit using current flow?
286 amps
320 amps
160 amps
143 amps
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12. Magnetic particles form indications around flux leakages due to which of the following?
Magnetism follows the path of most resistance
Iron particles are good conductors of electricity
Air has a higher reluctance than iron or iron oxide
All of the above are true
13. Which of the following materials could be inspected using the residual technique due to the
materials high retentivity?
Low carbon steel
Heat treated high carbon steel
Austenitic stainless steel
Ferritic stainless steel
14. With prods using half wave direct current, the magnetic field within the material is dependent on
which of the following factors?
Amount of current used
The permeability of the inspected material
The distance between prod tips when positioned on the chromed hard facing
Both the amount of current used and the permeability of the inspected material
All of the above
15. Which of the following techniques is most likely to be used when a permanent record of the inside
of a threaded bolt hole is required?
Strippable lacquer
Photography
Magnetic Rubber
Any of the above may be used
16. If two magnetic fields of equal intensity are induced into a ferromagnetic material at 90 degrees to
each other in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which of the following faults could be detected?
Faults only at 45 degrees
Longitudinal faults only
Transverse faults only
Faults lying in a position 45 degrees in either direction from a direction at 45 degrees
from the longitudinal direction
17. Why would a photometer be used when carrying out fluorescent magnetic particle inspection?
To measure the black light given off from a UV-A lamp
To measure radiation between 320 nM - 400 nM
To measure radiation between 400 nM - 700 nM
None of the above
18. Photopic vision refers to vision used when carrying out which type of inspection?
Non fluorescent inspection
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Fluorescent inspection
Dry powder inspection
All of the above
Both Fluorescent inspection and dry powder inspection
19. If the levels of electric current used to magnetise ferromagnetic material are greatly exceeded, what
phenomena can occur when magnetic particles are applied?
The particles are forced off the parts surface due to vibrational impingrement
The particles are forced together around faults showing an indication much larger than
the fault below
The particles are held over the entire surface giving an overall background which may
be confusing
The part will very quickly melt
20. Which of the following would be used to render water a suitable carrier fluid for use in the wet
magnetic particle technique?
De-wetting agent
Rust inhibitor
Foaming agent
All of the above could be used


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1. Less current input per phase
2. In the centre of the materials length
3. Better efficiency in the generation of magnetic fields
4. Adjacent to the inner circumference of the tube
5. 6 - 20 KA
6. At the exact centre of the threading bar
7. Single phase rectified alternating current - half wave
8. Both Iron oxide is less dense than iron and Iron falls out of suspension quicker than
iron oxide
9. Flux indicator
10. Induced current generating a toroidal magnetic field
11. 286 amps
12. Air has a higher reluctance than iron or iron oxide
13. Heat treated high carbon steel
14. Both the amount of current used and the permeability of the inspected material
15. Magnetic Rubber
16. Faults lying in a position 45 degrees in either direction from a direction at 45 degrees
from the longitudinal direction
17. To measure radiation between 400 nM - 700 nM
18. Non fluorescent inspection
19. The particles are held over the entire surface giving an overall background which may
be confusing
20. Rust inhibitor


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1. Why do prod tips need to be kept clean and free from contaminants?
The contamination reduces the resistance so increasing current flow
Clean prod tips have less chance of arcing
Clean prods conduct current through scale much better
The increase in resistance with dirty prods reduces the current output
Both clean prod tips have less chance of arcing and the increase in resistance with
dirty prods reduces the current output
2. For one person to use prods unaided which of the following would be the most suitable approach?
Hold both prods in one hand with the detatching medium in the other
Use the residual technique as the detetcting medium can be applied after the
magnetising force
Use a magnetic leech attachment to one prod with the other in one hand and the
detecting medium in the other
Prods should not be used by one person due to safety precautions
3. Subjecting a ferromagnetic material to a magnetising force which reserves in a polarity whilst at the
same time remains the same strength, has what effect?
Demagnetisation
Magnetisation
None of the above
Either demagnetisation or magnetisation
4. For the highest possible sensitivity when using the continuous method which of the following
application techniques should be used?
Apply current whilst applying wet magnetic ink by spray
Apply current whilst part is immersed in wet ink followed by removal whilst current still
flows
Apply current whilst part is immersed in wet ink. Stop flow of current whilst removing
All the above give the same sensitivity
5. Which of the following processes could have the effect of reducing the gradient of the B/H curve for a
particular ferromagnetic material?
Cold rolling
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Subjecting the material to stress
Annealing
Work hardening
6. An arrangement consisting of 2 C-shaped yokes connected together at right angles will give rise to
which of the following when testing a weldment?
A circular magnetic field
A longitudinal magnetic field to detect longitudinal faults
A vectored field to detect longitudinal faults only
A vectored field which will detect both transverse and longitudinal faults
7. Which type of surface condition would be most conducive to inspection using multi direction
magnetisation by switching from one field to another at 90 degrees to the first?
Rough as cast
Brightly machined
Electro polished
Surface finish has no influence on particle build up using multi -directional
magnetisation
8. Why is demagnetisation carried out prior to magnetic particle inspection in areas such as the
areospace industry?
There is the possibility of a pre-existing field which will cause an actual magnetic field
within the tested material in an unfavourable direction
The pre-existing field may nullify the applied field
Demagnetisation is not carried out prior to inspection
There is the possibility of a pre-existing field which will cause an actual magnetic field
within the tested material in an unfavourable direction and the pre-existing field may
nullify the applied field
9. When using a central conductor to magnetise a ferromagnetic tube magnetic field strength is
greatest at what point within the system?
Outside surface of threading bar
Outside surface of tube
Inside surface of tube
At none of the above positions
10. What is the difficulty when inspecting complex parts with differing cross-sections?
Under magnetisation of large sections
Over magnetisation of small sections masking certain areas
Demagnetisation prior to inspection
Both under magnetisation of large sections and over magnetisation of small sections
masking certain areas could be correct
11. When photographing magnetic particle indications, highest definiton is obtained when which of the
following films are used?
Slow film - coarse grain
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Slow film - fine grain
Fast film - coarse grain
Fast film - fine grain
12. Which of the following carrier fluids used with wet magnetic inks will have the smallest change in
viscosity between the temperatures of 0 degrees celsius and 50 degrees celsius?
Water
Oil
Kerosene
All will react in the same way to changes in temperature
13. Permanenet magnets can be made out of which of the following materials?
Aluminium, Cobalt, and Nickel
Mplybdenum and Aluminium
Copper, Nickel and Iron
Copper and Aluminium
Both Aluminium, Cobalt and Nickel, and Copper, Nickel and Iron
Both Molybdenum and Aluminium, and Copper and Aluminium
14. When attempting to demagnetise with an electromagnetic yoke, which of the following
will be most effective?
Use a DC yoke and withdraw whilst switched off
Use an AC yoke and withdraw whilst energised
Use a DC yoke and withdraw whilst energised
Use an AC yoke and withdraw whilst switched off
Use a single pole AC electromagnet and withdraw whilst energised
15. As the magnetising force acting upon a ferromagnetic part increases what will be the effect on the
detection of faults parallel to the magnetic field?
Substantial increase in the possibility of detection even upto saturation
Substantial increase in the possibility of detection upto approximatley two thirds
saturation
No increase in the possibility of detection even up to saturation
None of the above are correct
16. Which of the following magnetic fields will have the most effect on other material and equipment
affected by external flux leakage and as such will more than likely require demagnetisation?
Longential
Circular
Circumferential
Longitudinal
17. When using an encircling coil to longitudinally magnetise a length of bar material, which of the
following factors are important when calculating the amount of current to satisfactorily magnetise the
bar?
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Cross section of bar
Length of bar
Diamater of bar
All the above
Only the length of bar and diameter of bar
18. Which of the following would not be a reason why demagnetisation would be required after
magnetic particle inspection?
The part is to be further machined
The part is to be heat treated below the curie point
The part is to be plated afterwards
The part is to be welded by automatic equipment afterwards
19. If a current of the same amperage is passed through two magnetic conductors, one of which is
twice the diameter of the other, which of the following statements is true?
The magnetic field strength on the surface of the smaller bar is weaker than on the
surface of the larger bar
The magnteic field strength on the surface of the larger bar is stronger than on the
surface of the smaller bar
The magnetic field strength at the centre of the small bar is stronger than at the centre
of the large bar
The magnetic field strength at the centre of the small bar is weaker than at the surface
of the large bar
The magnetic field strength on the surface of the smaller bar is stronger than on the
20. If an AC (RMS) type ammeter reads 700 amps, how much peak current is actually flowing?
700 amps
490 amps
1400 amps
987 amps


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1. Both clean prod tips have less chance of arcing and the increase in resistance with dirty
prods reduces the current output
2. Use a magnetic leech attachment to one prod with the other in one hand and the
detecting medium in the other
3. Magnetisation
4. Apply current whilst part is immersed in wet ink followed by removal whilst current
still flows
5. Annealing
6. A vectored field which will detect both transverse and longitudinal faults
7. Rough as cast
8. There is the possibility of a pre-existing field which will cause an actual magnetic field
within the tested material in an unfavourable direction and the pre-existing field may
nullify the applied field
9. Inside surface of tube
10. Both under magnetisation of large sections and over magnetisation of small sections
masking certain areas could be correct
11. Slow film - fine grain
12. Water
13. Both Aluminium, Cobalt and Nickel, and Copper, Nickel and Iron
14. Use an AC yoke and withdraw whilst energised
15. No increase in the possibility of detection even up to saturation
16. Longitudinal
17. All the above
18. The part is to be heat treated below the curie point
19. The magnetic field strength on the surface of the smaller bar is stronger than on the
20. 987 amps


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1. When carrying out magnetic particle inspection on plated parts that have been ground why should
some form of direct current be used?
To inspect the thickness of the non magnetic plating
To detect subsurface faults within the body of the plated material
To detect grinding cracks in the parent material below the plating
To detect cracks on the plated surface
2. Non-relevant indications which may occur when inspecting ferromagnetic parts which have been
stressed beyond the yield point may be due to the presence of?
Bend cracks
Luder lines
Work hardening
Non metallic inclusions
3. Magnetic writing indications produced where an electromagnetic yoke leg has been placed can give
indications on further processing called?
False
Non relevant true
Relevant true
Both False and Non relevant true could be correct
4. Stress corrosion cracking which occurs predominantly in a direction perpendicular to the tensile
stress whilst also in a corrosive atmosphere have which of the following characteristics?
Transgranular
Intergranular
Ductile fracture
Either transgranular or intergranular
5. As the depth of a detectable flaw increases below the surface the powder pattern will become which
of the following?
Clear and narrow
Diffuse and wider
Clear and wider
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Diffuse and narrow
6. In an attempt to depth a crack found with magnetic particle inspection which other method of NDT
could be used?
Liquid penetrant
Leak testing
Grinding to clear
Ultrasonics
7. A large turbine gear shaft is in the preliminary stages of machining, when periodic inpsection reveals
a rather gross crack. Which of the following would be the best way to proceed?
Grind a notch across the crack to size the depth and determine if the entire crack can
be removed within dimensional tolerances
Carry on and machine the part hoping that the crack will clear
Fully gring out the crack to determine the depth all along the length to make sure it
can be removed within dimensional tolerances
Scrap the part as any discontinuity will cause a stress concentration even if it was
eventually removed within tolerance
8. Which of the following faults would not be detected on a sand casting which has been machined
after the initial casting process?
Shrinkage crack
Fatigue crack
Blow hole
Cold shut
Unfused chaplet
9. Non metallic inclusions can also be found with magnetic particle inspection as well as cracks. This is
due to a change in what property of the inclusion in relation to the parent materials?
Conductivity
Flux leakage
Hysteresis
Permeability
10. A fault on the surface of a rolled bar is present due to blowholes elongating along the length of the
bar. How would this fault be termed?
Underfill
Seam
Roke
Crack
11. The following is a description for the formation of magnetic particle indications when testing a
weldment with HWDC to give the dry powder mobility. 'A very weak and not clearly defined indiction'.
Which of the following would produce such indications?
Subsurface crack
Surface breaking porosity
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Subsurface porosity
Surface breaking crack
12. Metallurgical changes of the like which appear close to the centre of a cold chisel due to heat
treatment may give rise to what type of indication?
False
False - non relevant
True
True - non relevant
Both False - non relevant and True non - relevant are correct
13. On completion of a butt weld after cooling the entire weld and HAZ is inspected with MPI revealing
no faults. On subsequent inspection 48 hours later again with MPI prior to service conditions a linear
indication is found within the HAZ running in the same direction as the weld bead. Which of the
following is the most likely name for this fault?
Hot crack
Fatigue crack
Cold crack
The fault could be any of the above
14. The following is a description of a fault which occurred in four positions at 90 degrees to each other
towrads one end of a cast steel tube on the outer periphery made by sand casting. The individual
indications range in size but seem to indicate a linear circular fault which in once case is a complete
circle. Which of the following best describes the fault?
Cold shut
Hot tear
Unfused chaplet
Porosity
Both Cold shut and unfused chaplet
Both Hot teat and porosity
15. Which of the following techniques would be considered to be the most sensitive for detection of
surface breaking faults on materials with high retentivity if the length of time taken to cary out the
inspection is of no consequence?
Continuous - wet
Residual - wet
Continuous - dry
Residual - dry
16. When magnetic particles from a wet magnetic ink become stranded in drainage lines such as the
toe of a weld when the carrier fluid drains away, what type of indication can build up?
False indication
True - non relevant indication
True - relevant indication
Crack - line indictaion
17. When using circulare magnetisation to check bar material an overall pattern of circular bands is
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observed with a bristling of the particles. What is this phenomena called?
Fuzzing
Gaussing
Furring
Under magnetisation
18. When using prods with HWDC to inspect a single V plate butt weld two slightly subsurface parallel
lines were obsereved quite weak and poorly defined running in the direction of the weld. What is the
most likely cause for these indications?
Lack of root penetration
Undercut
Slag indications
Cooling cracks
19. A very fine indication was observed on an inservice inspection of a rotating shaft in a pump at a
sharp change in section and was originally considered to be non relevant. On subsequent inspection 6
months later it was observed that the indication had grown by nearly 25%. What is the most likely
cause for this indication?
Grinding crack
Fatigue crack
Stringer
Inclusion propagation
20. Which of the following could give rise to true non-relevant magnetic particle indications?
Areas of cold work
Heavy rough machining
Brazed joints
Both areas of cold work and brazed joints
All of them


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1. To detect grinding cracks in the parent material below the plating
2. Luder lines
3. Non relevant true
4. Either transgranular or intergranular
5. Diffuse and wider
6. Ultrasonics
7. Fully gring out the crack to determine the depth all along the length to make sure it can
be removed within dimensional tolerances
8. Fatigue crack
9. Permeability
10. Seam
11. Subsurface porosity
12. True - non relevant
13. Cold crack
14. Both Cold shut and unfused chaplet
15. Residual - wet
16. False indication
17. Furring
18. Slag indications
19. Fatigue crack
20. All of them

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