CHNG1

MNG TRUY CP QUANG TH NG ETHERNET EPON

1.1 Gii thiu chng
Vic vt tri v kh nng truyn d liu ca mng quang th ng PON l khng ph
nhn, nhng khai thc ti a kh nng ca n th cn tu thuc vo cng ngh c la chn
trong truyn ti. ti ny s trnh by s kt hp gia cng ngh Ethernet trong mng truy
nhp quang th ng gi tt EPON, v a ra nguyn l truyn, li ch ca n v EPON vi
kin trc IEEE 802, giao thc iu khin a im MPCP (Multi Point Control Protocol)
1.2 Li ch ca mng truy cp quang th ng Ethernet _ PON
EPON l s kt hp gia mng truy cp quang th ng PON v k thut Ethernet nn n
mang u im ca c hai cng vic ny. Vic trin khai EPON mang li li ch rt to ln bao
gm:
Bng thng cao hn: EPON s cung cp bng thng cao nht cho ngi dng trong bt
k h thng truy cp quang th ng no.
Chi ph u t thp hn: EPON cung cp cc chc nng v c tnh si quang vi gi c
th so snh c vi DSL v cp ng T1s. Ngoi ra, vic gim chi ph t c nh kin trc
n gin, hiu qu hot ng cao v chi ph bo dng thp.
Nhiu li nhun hn: EPON c th h tr ng thi cc dch v thoi, d liu v video,
cho php nh cung cp nng cao dch v bng rng v linh hot.
1.3 Mng truy cp quang th ng EPON
1.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng
Chun IEEE 802.3 nh ngha hai cu hnh c bn cho mt mng Ethernet. Mt cu hnh
trong cc trm s dng chung mi trng truyn dn vi giao thc a truy cp sng mang c
pht hin xung t (CSMA/CD) v cu hnh cn li cc trm s giao tip vi nhau thng qua
mt chuyn mch s dng cc tuyn kt ni im- im v song cng. Tuy nhin, EPON c mt
s c tnh m khin cho n khng th trin khai trn mt trong hai cu hnh ny m thay vo
ta phi kt hp c hai.
hng xung, EPON hot ng nh mt mng qung b. Khung Ethernet c truyn
bi OLT qua b chia quang th ng n tng ONU ( vi N trong khong t 4 n 64). ONU s
lc b cc gi tin khng phi l ca n nh vo a ch MAC(Media Access Control) trc khi
truyn cc gi tin cn li n ngi dng. Hnh 4.1.





hng ln, v c tnh nh hng ca b kt hp quang th ng, khung d liu t bt
k ONU no ch n OLT v khng n cc ONU khc. Trong trng hp , hng ln: c
tnh ca EPON ging nh kin trc im- im. Tuy nhin, khng ging nh mng im - im
tht s, cc khung d liu trong EPON t cc ONU khc nhau c truyn ng thi vn c th
b xung t. V vy, hng ln (t ngi dng n mng), ONU cn s dng mt vi c ch
trnh xung t d liu v chia s dung lng knh quang hp l. y, lung d liu hng ln
c phn b theo thi gian. Hnh 4.2

1.3.2 Giao thc iu khin a im MPCP(Multi Point Control Protocol)
h tr vic nh v khe thi gian bi OLT, giao thc MPCP ang c nhm IEEE
802.3 pht trin. MPCP khng xy dng mt c ch phn b bng tn c th, m thay vo ,
n l mt c ch h tr thit lp cc thut ton phn b bng tn khc nhau trong EPON. Giao
thc ny da vo hai bn tin Ethernet: Gate v Report. Bn tin Gate c gi t OLT n ONU
n nh mt khe thi gian truyn. Bn tin Report c ONU s dng truyn t cc thng
tin v trng thi hin ti ca n (nh mc chim d ca b m) n OLT, gip OLT c th
phn b khe thi gian mt cch hp l. C hai bn tin Gate v Report u l cc khung iu
khin MAC (loi 88-08) v c x l bi lp con iu khin MAC.
C hai m hnh hot ng ca MPCP: t khi to v hot ng bnh thng. Trong m
hnh t khi to c dng d cc kt ni ONU mi, nhn bit tr Round-trip v a ch
MAC ca ONU . Trong m hnh bnh thng c dng phn b c hi truyn dn cho tt
c cc ONU c khi to.
T nhiu ONU c th yu cu khi to cng mt lc, m hnh khi to t ng l mt th
tc da vo s cnh tranh. lp cao hn n lm vic nh sau:
1. OLT ch nh mt khe khi to, mt khong thi gian m khng c ONU khi to
trc no c php truyn. Chiu di ca khe khi to ny phi ti thiu l: <transmission
size> + <maximum round-trip time> - <minimum round-trip time>; vi <transmission size> l
chiu di ca ca s truyn m mt ONU khng khi to c th dng.
2. OLT gi mt bn tin khi to Gate bo hiu thi gian bt u ca khe khi to v
chiu di ca n. Trong khi chuyn tip bn tin ny t lp cao hn n lp MAC, MPCP s gn
nhn thi gian c ly theo ng h ca n.
3. Ch cc ONU cha khi to mi p ng bn tin khi to Gate. Trong lc nhn bn
tin khi to Gate, mt ONU s thit lp thi gian ng h ca n theo nhn thi gian n trong
bn tin khi to Gate.
4. Khi ng h trong ONU n thi gian bt u ca khe thi gian khi to (cng c
phn phi trong bn tin Gate), ONU s truyn bn tin ca chnh n (khi to Report). Bn tin
Report s cha a ch ngun ca ONU v nhn thi gian tng trng cho thi gian bn trong
ca ONU khi bn tin Report c gi.
5. Khi OLT nhn bn tin Report t mt ONU cha khi to, n nhn bit a ch MAC
ca n v thi gian Round-trip. Nh c minh ha hnh 4.3, thi gian Round-trip ca mt
ONU l thi gian sai bit gia thi gian bn tin Report c nhn OLT v nhn thi gian cha
trong bn tin Report.


T nhiu ONU cha khi to, c th p ng cng bn tin khi to Gate, bn tin Report
c th xung t. Trong trng hp , bn tin Report ca ONU b xung t s khng thit lp
bt k khe no cho hot ng bnh thng ca n. Nu nh ONU khng nhn c khe thi
gian trong khong thi gian no , n s kt lun rng s xung t xy ra v n s th khi
to li sau khi b qua mt s bn tin khi to Gate ngu nhin. S bn tin b c chn ngu
nhin t mt khong thi gian gp i sau mi ln xung t.
Di y chng ta m t hot ng bnh thng ca MPCP:
1. T lp cao hn (MAC control client), MPCP trong OLT a ra yu cu truyn bn
tin Gate n mt ONU c th vi cc thng tin nh sau: thi im ONU bt u truyn dn v
thi gian ca qu trnh truyn dn (hnh 4.4).
Hnh 4.3: Thi gian Round-trip


2 Trong lp MPCP (ca c OLT v ONU) duy tr mt ng h. Trong khi truyn bn
tin Gate t lp cao hn n lp MAC, MPCP s gn vo bn tin ny nhn thi gian c ly
theo ng h ca n.
3. Trong khi tip nhn bn tin Gate c a ch MAC ph hp (a ch ca cc bn tin
Gate u l duy nht), ONU s ghi ln cc thanh ghi trong n thi gian bt u truyn v khong
thi gian truyn. ONU s cp nht ng h ca n theo thi gian lu trn nhn ca bn tin Gate
nhn c. Nu s sai bit vt qu ngng c nh trc th ONU s cho rng, n
mt s ng b v s t chuyn vo mode cha khi to. mode ny, ONU khng c php
truyn. N s ch n bn tin Gate khi to tip theo khi to li.
4. Nu thi gian ca bn tin Gate c nhn gn ging vi thi gian c lu trn nhn
ca bn tin Gate, ONU s cp nht ng h ca n theo nhn thi gian. Khi ng h trong ONU
ch n thi im bt u ca khe thi gian truyn dn, ONU s bt u phin truyn dn. Qu
trnh truyn dn ny c th cha nhiu khung Ethernet. ONU s m bo rng khng c khung
no b truyn gin on. Nu phn cn li ca khe thi gian khng cho khung tip theo th
khung ny s c li cho khe thi gian truyn dn tip theo v trng mt phn khng s
dng trong khe thi gian hin ti.
Bn tin Report s c ONU gi i trong ca s truyn dn gn cho n cng vi cc
khung d liu. Cc bn tin Report c th c gi mt cch t ng hay theo yu cu ca OLT.
Cc bn tin Report c to ra lp trn lp iu khin MAC (MAC Control Client) v c
gn nhn thi gian ti lp iu khin MAC (Hnh 4.5). Thng thng Report s cha di yu
cu cho khe thi gian tip theo da trn di hng i ca ONU. Khi yu cu mt khe thi
gian, ONU cng c tnh n c cc phn mo u bn tin, l cc khung mo u 64 bit v
khung mo u IFG 96 bit c ghp vo trong khung d liu.
Hnh 4.4: Giao thc MPCP-hot ng ca bn tin Gate


Khi bn tin Report c gn nhn thi gian n OLT, n s i qua lp MAC (lp chu
trch nhim phn b bng tn). Ngoi ra, OLT cng s tnh li chu trnh i v v vi mi ngun
ONU nh trong hnh 3.8. S c mt s chnh lch nh ca RTT mi v RTT c tnh t trc
bt ngun t s thay i trong chit sut ca si quang do nhit thay i. Nu s chnh lch
ny l ln th OLT s c cnh bo ONU mt ng b v OLT s khng cp phin truyn
dn cho ONU cho n khi n c khi to li.
Hin nay giao thc MPCP vn ang tip tc c xy dng v pht trin bi nhm
802.3ah ca IEEE. y l nhm c nhim v pht trin v a ra cc gii php Ethernet cho cc
thu bao ca mng truy nhp.
1.3.3 EPON vi kin trc 802
Kin trc IEEE 802 nh ngha hai phng thc: Share Medium v song cng. Trong
phung thc chia s trung gian (Share Medium), tt c cc trm c kt ni n min truy nhp
n, phn ln mt trm c th pht ti mt lc v tt c cc trm c th nhn bt c lc
no. Trong phng thc song cng, l s kt ni PtP kt ni hai trm v c hai trm c th
pht v nhn ng thi. Da vo nh ngha , cc cu khng bao gi chuyn tip khung quay
tr li cng vo ca n. Ni khc, n cho rng tt c cc trm c kt ni n cng mt cng
ca cu v c th truyn thng vi nhau m khng cn thng qua cu. Phng thc ny to ra
kh nng cc ngi dng c kt ni n cc ONU khc nhau trong cng mng PON v c th
truyn thng vi nhau m d liu khng cn x l lp 3 hoc lp cao hn.
gii quyt vn ny v m bo thch hp vi cc mng Ethernet khc, cc thit b
gn lin vi EPON s c lp con thm vo, da trn cu hnh ca n s chn Share Medium
hoc Point to Point Medium. Lp con ny c xem nh l lp con Share Medium Emulation
(PtPE). Lp con ny phi di lp MAC m bo hot ng ca Ethernet MAC hin ti
c nh ngha trong chun P802.3 ca IEEE. Hot ng ca lp Emulation da vo tagging
Hnh 4.5: Giao thc MPCP-hot ng ca bn tin Report
Hnh 4.7 a): Hng xung trong PtPE
Chn LinkID kt
hp vi cng
MAC
Chp nhn khung
nu LinkID ph
hp
T chi khung nu
LinkID khng ph
hp
Hnh 4.7 b): Hng ln trong PtPE
Tch khung
theo cng
trong LinkID
Chn LinkID
c n nh
cho ONU
Hnh 4.8: Cu gia cc ONU trong PtPE
Hnh 4.6: Trng LinkID c nhng trong mo u

ca Ethernet vi tag duy nht cho mi ONU( hnh 4.6). Nhng tag ny c gi l LinkID v
c t vo trong mo u trc mi khung.


bo m s duy nht cho LinkID, OLT s n nh mt hoc nhiu tag cho mi ONU
trong sut qu trnh ng k lc u.
1.3.3.1 Point to Point Emulation
Trong m hnh ny, OLT phi c N cng MAC, mt cng cho mt ONU( hnh 4.7a). Khi
mt khung c gi xung (t OLT n ONU), lp con PtPE trong OLT s chn LinkID kt
hp vi cng MAC c th vo khung d liu. Cc khung s c chia s cho tng ONU nhng
ch mt lp MAC ca n. lp MAC ca cc ONU cn li s khng nhn c khung ny.
Trong kh nng ny, n s xut hin nu ch khi khung c gi theo kt ni PtP ch cho mt
ONU.





hng ln, ONU s chn LinkID c n nh ca n vo mo u ca mi khung
c chuyn. Lp con PtPE trong OLT s tch khung nhn bit cng MAC chnh xc da
vo LinkID duy nht cho mi ONU.(hnh 4.7b).








Cu hnh PtPE thch hp vi cu khi mi ONU c kt ni n mt cng c lp ca
cu. Cu c t trong OLT s chuyn tip lu lng vo trong ONU gia cc cng ca n.






1.3.3.2 Share Medium Emulation
Trong SME, bt k mt Node no (OLT hay ONU) s chuyn khung d liu v s c
nhn tt c cc Node (OLT v ONU). Trong hng xung, OLT s chn mt LinkID qung b
m mi ONU u chp nhn (hnh 4.9a). m bo hot ng Share Medium cho hng ln,
lp con SME trong OLT phi nhn nh tt c cc khung tr li hng xung tt c cc ONU
Chp nhn tt c cc
khung v phn hi li
hng xung
Khi truyn khung, chn
LinkID
Khi nhn khung, t chi
LinkID ca chnh n
Hnh 4.9 b): Hng truyn ln trong SME
nhn chnh khung d liu ca n th lp con SME ONU ch tha nhn khung nu LinkID ca
khung khc vi LinkID ca n.














SME ch yu cu mt cng MAC trong OLT. Chc nng vt l ca lp ny (lp con
SME) l cung cp truyn thng ONU n ONU, khng cn cu lin kt.
1.4 Kt lun chng
Ni dung trn cho thy c s kt hp gia mng truy nhp quang th ng PON v
cng ngh Ethernet to ra mt khuynh hng mng trin vng cho mng truy nhp th h
sau. EPON l mt bc pht trin trong tin trnh cp quang ho mng truy nhp th h sau
xy dng mng truy nhp bng rng. Vi s quan tm c bit n mng EPON, mng truy
nhp th h sau s ging nh mt m hnh kt hp Ethernet im-im v im-a im, ti u
ho cho truyn ti d liu IP cng nh cc dch v thoi v video theo thi gian thc. Nhng
cht lng ca mng l iu ct li, chng tip s trnh by v vn ny.


Chn
LinkID
qung b
Chp nhn tt c
cc khung ngoi
tr khung ca n
Hnh 4.9 a): Hng truyn xung trong SME