ECE 442 Power Electronics 1

Converter Classification
ECE 442 Power Electronics 2
First-Quadrant Converter
Load Current i
L
flows
into the load (+)
Load Voltage is +
Rectifier
ECE 442 Power Electronics 3
Second-Quadrant Converter
Load Voltage is +
Load Current i
L
flows
out of the load (-)
Inverter
ECE 442 Power Electronics 4
Second-Quadrant Converter
ECE 442 Power Electronics 5
When the switch is closed
1
1
0
(0)
(1 )
L
L
L
R R
t t
L L
L
di
L Ri E
dt
i I
E
i I e e
R

= + +
=
=
E forces current through L, load voltage v
L
= 0
1
1 2
0
,
( )
L
t kT
t t kT
i t I
s s
= =
=
ECE 442 Power Electronics 6
When the switch is opened
1 2
2
2
2
( )
(1 )
0
(1 )
L
S L
L
R R
t t
L L S
L
di
V L Ri E
dt
i t I
V E
i I e e
R
t t
t k T

= + +
=

= +
s s
=
ECE 442 Power Electronics 7
( 1 )
1
2
1
1
1
k z
S
z
kz z
S
z
V e E
I
R e R
V e e E
I
R e R
TR
z
L

(
=
(

(
=
(

=
ECE 442 Power Electronics 8
First and Second Quadrant Converter
ECE 442 Power Electronics 9
S
1
and D
4
operate as a first-quadrant converter.
S
2
and D
4
D
1
operate as a second-quadrant
converter
ECE 442 Power Electronics 10
2
S2 closed S2 open
Second Quadrant Operation
ECE 442 Power Electronics 11
Third and Fourth Quadrant Converter
The load voltage is always negative, but the
load current is either positive or negative
ECE 442 Power Electronics 12
Third Quadrant Operation
S3 closed S3 open i
L
, v
L
are always negative
ECE 442 Power Electronics 13
Fourth Quadrant Operation
S2 closed load current +, load voltage (zero)
S2 open load current +, load voltage negative, (-V
s
)
ECE 442 Power Electronics 14
Four-Quadrant Converter
Load Current can be positive or negative
Load Voltage can be positive or negative
For fourth quadrant operation, reverse E.
ECE 442 Power Electronics 15
Summary of a four-quadrant converter
ECE 442 Power Electronics 16
Summary of the conducting devices