X L NC THI BNG PHNG

PHP HA L PHNG PHP

KEO T TO BNG
I .Gii thiu v phng php keo t to
bng
II. Cc cht keo t to bng
III. Th nghimJ artest
IV. B phn ng to bng kt ta
V. Cch thit k
Khi nim
Keo t l mt phng php x l nc c
s dng ho cht.
Trong , cc ht keo nh l lngtrong
nc nh tc dng ca cht keo t m
lin kt vi nhauto thnh bng keo c
kch thc ln hn.
Ngi ta c th tch chng ra bng cc
bin php lng lc hay tuyn ni.
Mc ch
Lng cc ht cn l lng c kch thc
<10
-4
mm
Tng hiu sut lng ca b
Ci thin c v mu sc ca nc.
Nguyn tc ca qu trnh keo t
to bng
Lmmt tnh n nh ca cc h keo
thin nhin.
To ra h keo mi c kh nng kt hp
to thnh nhng bng cn ln,lng nhanh,
c hot tnh b mt cao, c loi b
bng phng php lng hoc lc
Khi nimv ht keo
Keo k nc (hydropholic): khng tan, phn chia
thnh cc ht nh, khng ngmdu, nc.
V d: cc kimloi nh vng, bc, silic
Keo a nc ( hydrophilic): c kh nng hp ph
cc phn t nc.
V d: vi trng, polyme ho tan
Cc ht lmbn nc trong t nhin ch yu to
ra h keo k nc gmcc ht mang in tch
m, nn ta ch nghin cu keo k nc.
Cu to ca ht keo
V tr
S nguyn lh thng x lnc thi ca nh mydt nhum
2
3

4
5
4
6
6
1. Sng chn rc 2. B iu ho 3. B keo t
4. Thit b lng bn 5. B sinh hc 6. Thit b x l bn
1
Bn
Bn
Cc cht keo t
Mui nhm, st hoc hn hp ca chng
Tu thuc vo cc tnh cht ho l, chi
ph, nng tp cht trong nc, pH v
thnh phn mui trong nc.
Trn thc t ngi ta thng dng cc
cht keo t sau: Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.18H
2
O;
Al
2
(OH)
5
Cl ; KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O;
NH
4
Al(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O ; Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.2H
2
O,
Cht tr keo
T nhin: tinh bt, dextrin (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
,
xenlulo v Dioxitsilic hot tnh
(xSiO
2
.yH
2
O), chitosan
Tng hp: thng dng l polyacrylamit
Phn III
Th nghimJ artest
Qu trnh keo t to bng ph thuc vo
rt nhiu yu t nh: pH, lng cht keo
t cho vo, nhit nc, tp cht trong
nc nhng quan trng nht l pH v
lng cht keo t.
V vy, ta phi xc nh chnh xc gi tr
pH ti u v liu lng cht keo t ti u
c th bng thc nghimvi th nghim
J artest.
M hnh th nghim
I : Hop soi eu khi en
I I : Canh khuay
I I I : Tua bi n canh khuay
I V : Coc 1000ml thuyti nh
V : Be
Thit b J artest gm6 cnh khuy quay
cng tc .
Nh hp s, tc quay c th iu chnh
c dyt 10 150 vng/pht.
Cnh khuyc dng turbine gm2 bn
phng nmcngmt mt phng thng
ng.
Cnh khuyt trong 6 beakers dung tch
1l cha cng mu nc th cho mt t
th nghim.
Cch tin hnh
Lay 500ml mau nc thai cho vao coc
1000ml vacho l ng phen vao vi l ng
tang nho.
Sau moi l an tang l ng phen, khuay tron
nhanh 1 phut sau okhuay tron cham trong 3
phut. Them l ng phen cho en khi bong
can hnh thanh.
Ghi nhan ham l ng phen nay.
Th nghimxc nh pH ti u
Lay 1 l t mau nc thai cho vao mot coc 1000ml , sau oat
coc vao thi et bJartest.
Cho cung mot l i eu l ng phen nhat nh bc tren vao 6
coc 1000ml cha nc thai tren. Sau othem axi t hoac
ki em epH dao ong trong khoang 4 - 9 . Mcanh khuay
quay toc o100 vong / phut. Sau oquay cham trong 15
phut toc o15 20 vong/phut.
Tat may khuay, el ang tnh 30 phut. Sau ol ay mau nc
l ang (l p nc phi atren ) phan tch cac chti eu pH ouc,
omau. Gi atrpH toi u l agi atrng vi mau coouc
(SS), omau thap.
Dng th, truc hoanh bi eu thgi atrpH, truc tung bi eu
thgi atrouc, omau mau nc thai axl y. Veng
cong bi en thi en. Xac nh i em cc ti eu. Tosuy ra gi atr
pH toi u.
Th nghimxc nh lng cht
keo t ti u
Lay 1 l t mau nc thai cho vao moi coc 1000ml sau oat cac
coc vao thi et bJartest.
Trong th nghi em nay thay oi l i eu l ng phen khac nhau 6 coc
1000ml cha nc thai tren. Sau othem axi t hay ki em vao e
at pH toi u tng ng vi l i eu l ng phen khac nhau.
Mcanh khuay quay toc o100vong/ phut trong 1 phut, sau o
quay cham trong 15 phut toc o15- 20 vong/phut. Tat may
khuay, el ang tnh trong vong 30 phut.
Sau ol ay mau nc l ang (l p nc pha tren) phan tch cac ch
ti eu pH ouc, omau. Li eu l ng phen toi u l al i eu l ng ng
vi mau coouc, omau thap nhat.
Dng oth, truc hoanh bi eu thl i eu l ng phen, truc tung bi eu
thgi atrouc, omau trong mau nc thai axl y. Veng
cong bi en thi en . Xac nh i em cc ti eu tosuy ra thi gi an
l i eu l ng phen toi u.
Phn IV
B PHN NG TO BNG
KT TA
3
4
Nc
Cht
ng t
Nc thi
5
1 2
S thit b lmsch nc thi bng ng t
1.B cha chun b dung dch
2.Thit b nh lng
3.B khuy trn
4.B to bng
5.B lng trong
Qu trnh lmsch nc thi bng ng t v keo t gm
cc giai on sau: nh lng, khuytrn ho cht vi
noc thi, to thnh bng keo v lng bngkeo.
Nc c
lmsch
Cn lng
III.1.B phn ng xoy
III.1.1.B phn ng
xoyhnh tr
Thng t trong
b lng ng.
p dng cho cc
cng trnh x l nc
nh
III.1.2.B phn ng xoy hnh phu
u im: hiu qu cao, tn tht p lc
trong b nh, dung tch b nh ( thi gian
lu nc ngn).
Nhc im: kh tnh cu to ca b
phn thu nc trn b mt theo hai yu
cu: thu nc u v khng ph v bng
cn, kh xydng khi dung tch ln.
1. ng dn nc t ngn tch kh vo b phn ng
2. B phn ng xoy hnh phu
3. ng thu nc sang b lng
4. Mng vng c l chy ngp
III.2.B phn ng kiu vch ngn
Dng cc vch ngn to ra s i chiu lin
tc ca dng nc. Thng kt hp vi cc b
lng.
C 2 dng : vch ngn ngang v vch ngn
thng ng.
Khi khong cch gia cc vch ngn >=0.7m th
c th chn dng chyngang, nu khong cch
gia cc ngn <0.7m th chiu nc chynn
theo phng thng ng.
u im: n gin trong xydng, d lp
rp v vn hnh.
Nhc im: khi lng xydng ln do
c nhiu vch ngn, b phi c chiu
cao hoc di tha mn tn tht p lc
trong ton b.
B phn ng c vch ngn hng dng
theo phng thng ng.
Hnh : B phn ng c
vch ngn ngang
1. Mng dn nc
2. Mng x cn
3. Ca a nc vo
4. Ca a nc ra
5. Van x cn
6. Vch ngn hng
dng
III.3. B phn ng c lp cn l lng
u im: hiu qu cao, cu to n gin,
khng cn my mc c kh, khng tn
chiu cao xydng.
Nhc im: khi ng chm, thng lp
cn l lng c hnh thnh v lmvic
c hiu qu ch sau 3-4 gi lmvic.
1. Mng dn t b trn sang; 2. Mng phn phi nc;
3. ng ng phn phi t cch nhau 0.8 1m;
4. Tng trn sang b lng; 5. Vch ngn hng dng.
III.4. B phn ng c kh
Dng nng lng ca cnh khuy chuyn
ng trong nc to ra s xo trn
dng chy.
u im: c kh nng iu chnh cng
khuytrn theo mun.
Nhc im: cn c mymc, thit b c
kh chnh xc v iu kin qun l vn
hnh phc tp. nn thng dng cho cc
nh myc cng sut ln.
V. Thit k b keo t bng
thit k b phn ng ta cn bit cc yu t
sau:
Chiu di b ( L)
Chiu rng b ( B )
Chiu cao b ( H )
Thi gian lu nc (t)
Th tch xydng b
Chiu rng 1 bn cnh khuy
Chiu di 1 bn cnh khuy
Bn knh vng khuy
Cc thng s thit k b to bng
Chiu di b ( L)
Chiu rng b ( B )
Chiu cao b ( H )
Thi gian lu nc (t )
Chiu rng 1 bn cnh khuy
Chiu di cnh khuy
Bn knh vng khuy(R1)
Bn knh vng khuy(R2)
The end